Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan

Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan Organization: Facilities Services Simon Fraser University Address: Simon Fraser University Facilities Services 8888 University Drive Burnaby, British Columbia Canada, V5A 1S6 Contact: Telephone: Fax: Mr. Frank De Vita Buildings and Grounds Superintendent Facilities Management fdevita@sfu.ca 1-778-782-3179 1-778-782-4521 Date: Revision: May 1, 2008 (1) September 30, 2009 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan Table of Contents Salt Management Plan Objectives ............................................................................... 3 Current Snow and Ice Control Practice Overview .................................................... 3 Table 1 Roadway and Parking Areas ...................................................................... 4 Table 2 Salt Management Road Application Data & Equipment ........................... 7 Table 3 Material Data ............................................................................................. 7 Salt Venerable Areas ................................................................................................... 8 Salt Storage Sites ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Snow Removal ............................................................................................................ 6 Proposed Approaches to Snow and Ice Control Best Practice .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4 Salt Management Plan Objectives and Goals ......... Error! Bookmark not defined. Training ......................................................................................................................... 8 Monitoring, Record Keeping, Reporting & Analysis ............. Error! Bookmark not defined. Storm Water ................................................................................................................ 8 Weather ....................................................................................................................... 8 Record-Keeping .......................................................................................................... 9 Table 5 Salt Applications—# Shifts per Month ...................................................... 9 Table 6 Salt Applications—# Callout Shifts per Month ......................................... 9 Management Review ................................................................................................... 10 Appendices ................................................................................................................... 12 Appendix A University Roadways Appendix B University Salt Box Location Appendix C University Drainage Systems Appendix D Winter Operations Driver Operator Procedures Appendix E Winter Operations Equipment and Material Procedures Appendix F Environment Canada Code of Practice Appendix G Code of Practice annex a environmental management of road salts Appendix H Code of Practice annex b identifying areas vulnerable to road salts Appendix I Code of Practice annex c monitoring and measuring progress Appendix J Transportation Association of Canada 1.0 Salt Management Plans Appendix K Transportation Association of Canada 4.0 Drainage and Storm Water Management Appendix L Transportation Association of Canada 5.0Pavements and Salt Management Appendix M Transportation Association of Canada 7.0 Design and Operation of Road Maintenance Yards Appendix N Transportation Association of Canada 9.0 Winter Maintenance Equipment and Technologies 2 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan 3 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan 1.0 Overview 1.1 Purpose of the Salt Management Plan The purpose of the Simon Fraser University’s (SFU) Salt Management Plan is to fulfill the University’s obligation as per Environment Canada’s “Code of Practice for the Environmental Management of Road Salts”. The plan establishes a framework with specific goals and actions to ensure the University’s roads are maintained in a safe manner while minimizing the negative impacts of road salts on the local environment. The Salt Management Plan is required to ensure the University establishes salt management procedures that follow the Transportation Association of Canada’s best management practices as set out in “Syntheses of Best Practices Road Salt Management”. 1.2 Salt Management Plan Policy Statement Simon Fraser University will work to provide an acceptable level of winter maintenance to the SFU Road network and other public facilities while managing the salt usage effectively. To achieve this objective, each year SFU will: • • • • • 1.3 Meet the guidelines within this document Work to improve the Salt Management Plan by reviewing it and identifying any shortfalls Constantly strive to improve on practices and utilize the newest technologies to provide better salt usage and management Stay current and update the plan to meet or exceed the Federal regulatory guidelines Continue to train staff on the importance of salt management and the impacts that excessive use has on the environment. Policy Application This Policy is adopted by the Simon Fraser University’s Facilities Services Snow and Ice Operations and applies to all employees involved with snow removal. 1.4 Policy Principles The SFU salt management plan is a dynamic model and it will be reviewed annually. The review process and improvement implementation will be based on environmental management principles. Reviews will be based on: • Review of industry standards and equivalent benchmarking • Implementation and documentation of the implemented plan • Ongoing training and education of staff • Monitoring of environmental impacts by sampling and lab analysis at identified locations • Policy review and revisions 2.0 Winter Maintenance Practices 2.1 Introduction Simon Fraser University’s Facilities Services Snow and Ice Operations under the direction of Buildings and Grounds provide winter snow and ice control services for: 4 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan • • • • the University’s 28.0 lane kilometres of roadways UniverCity’s 3.3 lane kilometres of residential roads the 110,000 square meters of uncovered parking area (see appendix A). Sidewalk salting and walkway snow clearing Winter Maintenance Practices are maintained throughout snow and ice season by the University’s staff and sub-contractors. During extreme snow and ice conditions laneway snow clearing services may be assisted by private grader and bobcat contractors. Private contractors do not assist SFU in the application of road salt or brine on sidewalks, laneways, or parking areas. Table 2.1 Roadway and Parking Salt Application Area Data ID Designation Lane* University Primary Bus Route Lane* University Primary Road Lane* University Secondary Road Lane* UniverCity Secondary Road Parking Areas Parking Uncovered *lane is defined as one standard road-width. Laneway (Km) 12.04 9.56 5.08 4.74 Area (m2) 110,000 2.2 Snow and Ice Control Best Practice Guidelines Improvements in salt management and snow and ice control are the primary goal of the Salt Management Plan. Areas identified as requiring improvement(s) have been identified using the guiding principles of the Transportation Association of Canada “Syntheses of Best Practices Road Salt Management”. The following sections of the “Syntheses of Best Practices Road Salt Management” have been used in the development of goals in managing and improving Salt, and Snow and Ice management at Simon Fraser University: 1.0 Salt Management Plans 4.0 Drainage and Storm water Management 5.0 Pavements and Salt Management 7.0 Design and Operation of Road Maintenance Yards 9.0 Winter Maintenance Equipment and Technologies Table 2.2 identifies SFU’s goals for improvement in the management of Snow and Ice at Simon Fraser University is as follows: Table 2.2 Salt Management Plan Objectives and Goals Section Area of Objective Goal TAC 1.0 Snow and Policy To develop a Salt Management Policy in conjunction with senior University administration and Facilities Services. TAC 4.0 Impact Identification Implementation of a comprehensive surface water monitoring program. TAC 4.0 Impact Identification Implementation of a ground water monitoring program. TAC 4.0 Impact Identification Identify areas within the University 5 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan TAC 5.0 Improved Information Systems TAC 5.0 Applying Road Salts TAC 7.0 Improved Yard Operations TAC 7.0 Improved Salt Storage TAC 7.0 New Winter operations Facility TAC 9.0 Alternative Products & Methodology that indicate high levels of residual salt contamination. To add road temperature sensors to monitor current road temperatures. To reduce salt use by operating at 100% pre-wet application. Operate the road salt loading under cover or utilize contained loading methods. Install bay doors on the existing salt storage shed. Design of a new relocated state of the art winter operations facility to contain all wash down water, improve salt storage and recycle wash down water for brine used to reduce overall salt requirements. Reduce salt application on walkways through the introduction of alternative products. 2.3 Operating Practices Roads are maintained by University operators trained in the safe operation of University snow and ice equipment; this includes a complete understanding of the operation of salt application equipment. Standardized operator training with yearly updates is mandatory for all University operators (see appendix D). Training involves a training session to review “Syntheses of Best Practices Road Salt Management” best practice and salt application rates specific to University snow and ice conditions. Operators of snow and ice vehicles are required to maintain the following: • The appropriate class of driver’s license and brake endorsements; licenses and endorsements must be maintained in good standing. • Adequate training, both in snow and ice theory and practical application, on all equipment operated by the individual; assessments are kept on file for review. • Annual re-certification procedures. • Education on the environmental impacts that salt can have. 6 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan 2.4 Existing Winter Operations Facility The existing SFU winter operations facility is located across from the Facilities Service works yard. The facility operates under the guiding principles identified in the Transportation Association of Canada’s best practice guideline “Design and Operation of Road Maintenance Yards” including the following: • • • Salt storage is covered year round. Ground area is covered with a asphalt surface (low permeable); Surface water from the salt storage site is captured and redirected away from the storm drainage into alternate drainage, in this case the existing sanitary system. Brine storage is located within the surface water capture zone at the salt storage facility and is further contained within a membrane lined capture tank. The vehicle wash down site is also at this location. Water from wash down is directed away from storm drains and directed into alternate drainage. The salt storage facility has been used at the current location for decades and may have salt residue present in-situ. A program of surface soil sampling and core sampling has been undertaken to assist in determining if a salt contamination problem exists at the site. If the current site is maintained efforts will be undertaken to ensure any road salt entering the environment is minimized. If testing determines the current site is contaminated a rehabilitation plan will be explored. To assist in walkway salt applications De-Icer storage sites are maintained at locations throughout the University (see appendix D). Due to the corrosive and harmful impact salt has on the surrounding environment salt will no longer be stored at these sites. Instead an environmentally safe alternative De-Icer will be used on all walkways and stairs around campus. 2.5 Snow Clearing and Removal During heavy snowfalls, SFU employs the use of plows, bobcats, graders and loaders to clear snow from roadways and parking areas. Snow is piled at the edges of parking areas and roadways and left to melt during the warmer temperatures. Snow removal at the University is not utilized. In future, severe conditions may result in snow being removed from the campus, but snow removed in this manner would be removed prior to the application of road salt and only to authorized preapproved dumping sites. 2.6 Road Salt and Brine Usage 2.6.1 Salt Usage Salt application is paramount to SFU’s snow and ice operations. Minimizing application rates reduces costs and mitigates the negative effects of road salt on the local environment. In order for salt to be used most effectively and efficiently road salt and brine solutions are applied as follows: • • • At the application rate specified in the operators training session. In correct places; road crowns, elevated corners, and roadway travel paths. At the correct vehicle speed. 7 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan Salt on SFU laneways, parking lots, and walkways is applied when temperatures are above -6° Celsius and at an application rate that utilizes the “working effect” of traffic. Utilizing the “working effect” of traffic reduces application rates and the number of applications required to ensure roadway safety. Traffic breaks the road salt down into a solution more quickly than environmental conditions alone which improve road salt de-icing properties. 2.6.2 Brine Usage Salt brine is applied to University roads at 23% salt to water solution. Brine is utilized in both prewetting and in brine only applications. When conditions indicate salting is required but the salt will not adhere to the road surface due to dry road conditions brine only applications are utilized to minimize salt loss along the road verge. Table 2.3 identifies the equipment used to place salt and brine on the SFU road network. As technologies improve upgrades to the fleet are made to improve controls on spreading rates and to monitor the road conditions to help determine the best method for ice and snow mitigation. Table 2.3 Salt Management Road Application Data & Equipment Liquid Nacl/Sand Equipment Spreader Application Application Type Control Type Rate (kg/lane-km) One Ton Brine Three Ton Broadcast Est. 124 Three Ton Broadcast Est. 124 Five Ton Computer Preset 124 Brine Control Broadcast Five Ton Computer Preset 124 Control Broadcast Kubota Tractor Broadcast As req’d Bobcat Truck Broadcast As req’d - Liquid Application Rate (kg/lane-km) 60 60 - - Table 2.4 indicated the historic usage of road salt and brine at SFU. As identified, the severity of the winter months can greatly affect the required usage and will vary from year to year. Table 2.4 Material Data Material 2005/06 winter Nacl Solid Bulk Road Salt (Tonnes) Nacl Solid Bag Salt Nacl (23%) Brine Water Solution Sand Mixed (salt volumes excluded) 2006/07 winter 2007/08 winter 2008/09 winter 2009/10 winter Average annual usage 907 1196 1262 1042 20 885 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan 2.7 Salt Venerable Areas Areas identified as salt vulnerable in the SFU Strategic Infrastructure Plan (2005 Update) are Stoney Creek, Silver Creek, and Eagle Creek. Areas identified as salt vulnerable by Facilities Services’ Snow and Ice Operations are any stream and watercourse subjected to salt contaminated storm drain water, or salt storage run-off water. Salt vulnerable streams can be adversely influenced the runoff that is captured and concentrated in the elaborate University storm drainage system (see appendix C), as such, monitoring stations are being established at locations along the storm drain system and at the convergence streams to identify and monitor salt concentrations. Efforts to trace high salt concentrations back to the source location will be taken in order to minimize high salt concentration sources. Salt application procedures will be established to reduce or redirect salt entering the storm drainage system at these locations. 2.8 Training See appendixes “D Winter Operations Driver Operator Procedures” and “E Winter Operations Equipment and Material Procedures” 3.0 Salt Management Strategies 3.1 Storm Water Management The objective of SFU’s storm water quality monitoring program is to provide baseline water quality data on conductivity levels and chloride concentrations as they relate to SFU’s salt management program. Total metal and coliform water quality parameters will be included in sample analyses to provide additional insights into the quality of storm water discharging from SFU campus. Five storm water runoff sites will be monitored from parking lot “B” (MH85) and “C” (MH27), as well as discharges from below the salt storage area, and discharges from the east (MH212) and west (MH8F) campus area. The first three sites allow monitoring of areas where salt usage is most prominent. The last two sites will provide information on overall cumulative effects of salt management activities prior to discharge of storm water into the Stoney Creek system. Monitoring will be undertaken on or near to a monthly basis. However, the determining factor for sampling will be rainwater events since the parking lots have no surface runoff during dry periods. In-situ measurements will include pH, conductivity, and temperature. Samples will be collected for laboratory testing of hardness, dissolved chloride, total metals, and total and fecal coliforms. Summary data reports will be submitted twice per year. 3.2 Weather The University utilizes the services of professional weather forecasts for timely and accurate weather information to assist in decision-making. These sites include: • Weather data collected from the University’s weather station • Environment Canada • The SFU web site – www.sfu.ca/ • The Weather Network – www.theweathernetwork.com In addition, University staff (including Campus Security) continuously monitor and report on weather and road conditions, both on and off-campus. 9 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan 3.3 Record-Keeping The University keeps logs of snow and ice callouts and collects the following data related to daily snow operations: • Annual use of salt and salt brine solution. • Training of Snow and ice operations personnel. • Geographical areas of salt/brine application by vehicle operators. • Weather conditions from snow and ice events. • Vehicle and equipment deficiencies or maintenance requirements. • Snow and Ice worker shift data. Examples of data collected are in the following tables: Figure 3.1 Salt Applications—# Shifts per Month Salt Application All Shifts per Month 140 120 100 80 2005/06 2006/07 60 2007/08 40 20 0 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Total Figure 3.2 Salt Applications—# Callout Shifts per Month Salt Application Callout Shifts by Year per Month 16 14 Oct 12 Nov 10 Dec Jan 8 Feb Mar 6 Apr 4 May 2 0 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 Call Out Call Out Call Out Call Out Call Out 10 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan 3.4 Management Review After each snow and ice season SFU management and University groups affected by the previous year removal operations review the previous year’s snow and ice program to confirm the University achieved the desired objectives. The Salt Management Plan is included in this review. Salt management and snow and ice removal objectives are developed and best practice procedures are used to identify any shortcomings or opportunity for improvement in the operations. 3.5 Benchmarking the Salt Management Plan SFU recognizes that the salt management plan is a dynamic model and it must constantly be reviewed and improved upon. In order to improve the practices SFU has in place, benchmarking existing usages, etc and then setting goals to improve on these procedures will help effectively develop a strategy to maintain road safety and also mitigate the local environmental impacts. Table 3.1 identifies SFU’s benchmarking and improvement strategies for their Salt management on a 5 year basis. Table 3.1 Benchmarking and improvement strategies Item Road Salt 2008 2009 100% 50% 100% 0% 33,000 L 40,000 L 0% 50% 10% 90% 2010 Walkway Salt Brine Abrasive Alternate Walkway Products CMA Eco-traction 11 2011 2012 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan 12 Simon Fraser University Salt Management Plan Appendices Appendix A University Roadways Appendix B University De-Icer Location Appendix C University Drainage Systems Appendix D Winter Operations Driver Operator Procedures Appendix E Winter Operations Equipment and Material Procedures Appendix F Environment Canada Code of Practice Appendix G Code of Practice annex a environmental management of road salts Appendix H Code of Practice annex b identifying areas vulnerable to road salts Appendix I Code of Practice annex c monitoring and measuring progress Appendix J Transportation Association of Canada 1.0 Salt Management Plans Appendix K Transportation Association of Canada 4.0 Drainage and Storm Water Management Appendix L Transportation Association of Canada 5.0Pavements and Salt Management Appendix M Transportation Association of Canada 7.0 Design and Operation of Road Maintenance Yards Appendix N Transportation Association of Canada 9.0 Winter Maintenance Equipment and Technologies 13 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 123456785694273 625678569476867565 78 7 ! 8"!# 81!# 9!2!# $%8 012346789 741 791 !"#$%"#&!$ 0'(" . . //0 . . 12.3245.627.189.842:;4<=.7;>?9;3.@6?9.677>:>426<.;93A423>B><>:>93C.12.677>:>42.:4.7;>?>2D.:@9. ?9@>8<93=.:@9E.FG3:.3>FG<:6294G3<E.4A9;6:9.:@9.9HG>AF92:.:@6:.>3.;9<6:97.:4.:@9>;.:63I3C. 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`[\\X`V^_fIIWX`VbeXUIJ\XIUXVIJKLIXhTbaSXKVIJKLISJVX\bJÛIJ\XITUXLIV[I\XJ`ZIVZ[UXfI I I ,-./0120340150 012346789 741 791 !"#$%&'(%&)$"'#0*"+% 5 5 6789:6;<=>>;:89<? 5 5 5 9@A=B7 CDEF5GHEI5 CHY5GHEI5 CM[TO5]V[^D[W_5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 =>>;:89 JKLHM5NOIMPEODQ5RPQSHTU5VIWX5 ZT[\HM5RHTHWH5VIWX5 JH[TMPHW5RPTIMHKI[TY5VIWX5 ,-./0120340120 preface code of practice annexes environmental impact indicators identifying areas vulnerable to road salts monitoring and measuring progress working group members contact info and resources Environment Canada road salts web site On average, 5 million tonnes of road salts are used each year as deicers on roadways in Canada. Due to concerns about the large quantities of chlorides being released to the environment, road salts underwent a comprehensive five-year scientific assessment under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 beginning in 1995. The road salts assessment covered the chloride salts — sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2 ), magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and potassium chloride (KCl) — as well as brines used in road deicing/anti-icing and dust suppression, the salt portion of abrasive mixtures and ferrocyanide additives. Road salts enter the environment through losses at salt storage and snow disposal sites and through runoff and splash from roadways. The assessment report, published on December 1, 2001 concluded that high releases of road salts were having an adverse effect on freshwater ecosystems, soil, vegetation and wildlife. The publication of this report initiated the risk management process to address the risks posed to the environment by road salts. To assist Environment Canada with this complex task, a multistakeholder working group was formed, which included members from provincial and municipal road authorities, federal and provincial governments, industry, environmental non-governmental organizations and related associations (see the list of working group members at the end of this Code). This working group worked together over a twoyear period towards the development of the Code of Practice. The Transportation Association of Canada worked in parallel to the working group to produce the Syntheses of Best Practices. The syntheses are a detailed resource on winter maintenance practices and supplement the recommendations made within the Code. The main objective of the Code of Practice is to ensure environmental protection while maintaining roadway safety. There are two main recommendations in this Code: 1. The development of salt management plans, based on a review of existing road maintenance operations, identification of means and goal-setting to achieve reductions of the negative impacts of salt releases; and 2. The implementation of best management practices in the areas of salt application, salt storage and snow disposal, as outlined in the Transportation Association of Canada’s Syntheses of Best Practices. Monitoring and reporting aspects are also included in the Code. The information collected will play an essential role in evaluating the progress achieved. This Code of Practice does not address the use of road salts on parking lots and private properties, use as dust suppressants or use of ferrocyanide additives. These applications are being addressed separately by Environment Canada. When applied, the recommendations made within this Code will result not only in benefits to the environment, but will also have the potential to result in benefits to road authorities, including more efficient operations, improved roadway safety and savings in material usage. Since the beginning of the assessment process, many road authorities across Canada have taken early actions to improve their salt management practices. Case studies documenting the resultant benefits of these practices, as well as other related information on road salts management, can be found on Environment Canada’s road salts website at http://www.ec.gc.ca/nopp/roadsalt/. download pdf Inquiries and comments on this Code of Practice, Environment Canada gratefully as well as requests for additional copies of the acknowledges the contributions of all Code, should be directed to: working group participants who assisted in developing this Code of Head, Controls Development Section Practice. Extended thanks go out to Chemicals Control Branch the Transportation Association of Environment Canada Canada for the development of the Place Vincent Massey Syntheses of Best Practices. 351 St. Joseph Blvd., 12th floor Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0H3 Report Date: 04/04 Tel.: (819) 997-1640 Fax: (819) 994-0007 Back to Top | Next Email:mailto:roadsalts@ec.gc.ca | What's New | About Us | Topics | Publications | Weather | Home | | Français | Contact Us | Help | Search | Canada Site | The Green LaneTM, Environment Canada's World Wide Web site Important Notices preface code of practice annexes environmental impact indicators identifying areas vulnerable to road salts monitoring and measuring progress working group members contact info and resources | introduction | surface water | ground water | soils | INTRODUCTION The purpose of Annex A is to provide guidance by identifying concentrations of chloride in the environment at which certain negative environmental impacts are likely to occur. A series of thresholds have been identified for different environmental compartments: surface water, groundwater and soil. Concentrations above these levels have the potential to result in negative impacts. In all cases, natural background concentrations should be considered in evaluating regional and local impacts. Data in this annex are based on findings presented in the Road Salts Priority Substances List Assessment Report. Environment Canada road salts web site SURFACE WATER The following paragraphs present certain thresholds associated with concentrations of chloride in surface water. Figure 1 presents background concentrations of chloride in Canadian surface waters and concentrations of chloride that cause adverse biological effects. The column on the left provides a range of average background concentrations for five regions in Canada. The variation in background concentrations of chloride is greatest in western Canada and markedly decreases moving eastward to the Great Lakes area and Atlantic Canada. The lowest variation in chloride concentration is reported on the Canadian Shield. The right column of Figure 1 is useful for identifying the levels of chloride in surface waters above and below concentrations reported to cause certain negative impacts. Concentrations of chloride of approximately 140 mg/L should be protective of freshwater organisms for short-term exposure; concentrations less than 35 mg/L are likely protective during long-term exposures. Overall, approximately 5 percent of species are predicted to experience effects from chronic exposure to concentrations of chloride of about 210 mg/L, while 10 percent of species would be affected at concentrations of about 240 mg/L. Other jurisdictions have derived guidelines for the exposure of aquatic organisms to chlorides (Fig. 1). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a similar guideline. Overall, the EPA guideline indicates that biota, on average, should not be affected unacceptably if the four-day average concentration of chloride does not exceed 230 mg/L more than once every three years. Similarly, the biotic impacts would be minimal if the one-hour average chloride concentration does not exceed 860 mg/L more than once every three years. Lakes located in Canada typically undergo vertical mixing every spring and fall as a result of a change in water temperature. Dissolved salts can hinder the vertical mixing of water bodies as dense, saltladen water sinks to deeper layers (meromixis). The absence of vertical mixing can ultimately lead to a depletion of oxygen in the lower layers of lakes and a reduction in the cycling of nutrients. Meromictic conditions have developed in lakes with salt concentrations of approximately 60 mg/L Na and 105 mg/L Cl. Small, deep lakes are the most vulnerable, although concentrations associated with meromixis will vary greatly, depending on local conditions. Figure 1 Comparison of natural background concentrations of chloride in Canadian surface water and thresholds for adverse biological effects. The column on the left provides an overview of average background concentrations for five regions in Canada. The column on the right identifies levels at which certain impacts may occur. Data in this figure helps characterize average background concentrations for different areas and impacts that can occur at different concentrations. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n British Columbia (Mayer et al., 1999) Prairies (Mayer et al., 1999) Canadian Shield (Mayer et al., 1999) St. Lawrence Lowlands and Great Lakes (Mayer et al., 1999) Atlantic Canada (Mayer et al., 1999) Species should not be negatively affected if one-hour average concentration of CI does not exceed value more than once every 3 years (U.S. EPA 1988) Species should not be negatively affected if 4-day average concentration of CI does not exceed value more than once every 3 years (U.S. EPA 1988) Based on predicted data, 5% of species would be negatively affected (median lethal concentration) [Evans and Frick, 2001] Based on predicted data, 10% of species would be negatively affected (median lethal concentration) [Evans and Frick, 2001] Estimated no affects value derived from Ceriodaphnia dubia 4-day LC50 (Cowgill and Milazzo, 1990) Estimated no affects value derived from 33-day LOEC survival for fathead minnow (Birge et al., 1985) Chloride concentration in lower layers of water body associated with meromixis (Smol et al., 1985) To protect freshwater aquatic life from acute and lethal effects, the maximum concentration of total chloride at any time should not exceed this value. (BC Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chloride, 2002) To protect freshwater aquatic life from chronic effects, the 30-day average concentration of total chloride should not exceed this value. (BC Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chloride, 2002) GROUNDWATER Chloride concentrations identified for freshwater biota will likely be protective of groundwater biota and groundwater that emerges into surface water. A significant proportion of road salts may be contained within the groundwater system. The time taken to reach an equilibrium where salt inputs are balanced by salt outputs depends on local hydrogeological conditions and may take from a few years to hundreds of years. SOILS Soil integrity, soil organisms and vegetation will generally be protected at concentrations of about 60 mg Na/L and 90 mg Cl/L. Damage to plants has also been observed at soil concentrations of 16 mg Na/kg and 30 mg Cl/kg (dry weight). Changes in natural plant communities have been recorded in areas affected by road salts runoff and liquid salt spray from moving vehicles. download pdf Inquiries and comments on this Code of Practice, as well as requests for additional copies of the Code, should be directed to: Head, Controls Development Section Chemicals Control Branch Environment Canada Place Vincent Massey 351 St. Joseph Blvd., 12th floor Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-1640 Fax: (819) 994-0007 Email: roadsalts@ec.gc.ca Environment Canada gratefully acknowledges the contributions of all working group participants who assisted in developing this Code of Practice. Extended thanks go out to the Transportation Association of Canada for the development of the Syntheses of Best Practices. Report Date: 04/04 Back to Top | Next | What's New | About Us | Topics | Publications | Weather | Home | | Français | Contact Us | Help | Search | Canada Site | The Green LaneTM, Environment Canada's World Wide Web site Important Notices preface code of practice annexes environmental impact indicators identifying areas vulnerable to road salts monitoring and measuring progress working group members contact info and resources Environment Canada road salts web site | purpose | considerations | PURPOSE The purpose of Annex B is to provide guidance for organizations to consider when identifying areas of a receiving environment that may be particularly sensitive to road salts. Once a vulnerable area has been identified, organizations may then determine the level of vulnerability and the need to implement additional salt management measures. Additional salt management measures in vulnerable areas may include: • • • • • using technologies that further optimize the use of road salts; using environmentally, technically and economically feasible alternatives to road salts; increasing monitoring and measuring of chlorides and/or their impacts; locating patrol yards and snow disposal sites outside of vulnerable areas; or considering location and protection of vulnerable areas in the design of new roads and/or upgrading of existing roads. It is important to note, when identifying vulnerable areas, that an area may be vulnerable either to infrequent but heavy addition of road salts or to light but frequent addition of road salts. Organizations may consider consulting with entities that conduct, under their programs, work that could be relevant to the identification of areas vulnerable to road salts. In addition, organizations may wish to exchange information with other organizations adjacent to or having common authority over these vulnerable areas, and consult with their constituents. Notes: • Subsection 36(3) of the Fisheries Act prohibits the deposit of a deleterious substance into water frequented by fish. Nothing in this Annex should be interpreted as an authorization or recommendation to ignore this prohibition. • The recommendations described above are intended to complement road salt management procedures already established in areas identified, designated or protected by a local, provincial, territorial, aboriginal, national or international system or body as ecologically significant or ecologically important. CONSIDERATIONS When identifying vulnerable areas, organizations should consider: 1. areas draining into bodies of water, such as: a. lakes and ponds with low-dilution and long residence times; b. watercourses that experience the cumulative effects of a dense network of highways; and c. provincially significant wetlands adjacent to roadways where the addition of road salts has the potential to significantly raise the chloride concentration of the water to the point where it could present a threat of serious or irreversible environmental damage; 2. areas draining into small, moderately deep lakes, where the addition of road salts has the potential to create layers of water of different salinity within the lake that prevent normal vertical mixing of the water (meromictic conditions); 3. areas where the addition of road salts has the potential to raise the chloride concentration, after mixing, to levels that could harm local fish or fish habitat; 4. areas adjacent to salt-sensitive native or agricultural vegetation, where the addition of road salts has the potential to cause severe reductions in flowering and fruiting, severe foliar, shoot and root injury, growth reductions, or reductions in germination and seedling establishment caused by elevated soil levels of sodium and chloride or aerial spray of sodium and chloride; 5. areas where the addition of road salts has the potential to harm the integrity of a life cycle (e.g. spawning grounds, nursery, rearing, food supply and migration areas for birds); 6. areas where the addition of road salts has the potential to harm a habitat necessary for the survival or recovery of a wildlife species listed on the List of Wildlife Species at Risk (Schedule 1 of the Species at Risk Act) where the area is identified as the species’ critical habitat in the recovery strategy or in the action plan for the species established under that Act; 7. areas draining into sources of drinking water (surface water or groundwater, including wells), where the addition of road salts has the potential to raise the chloride concentration of the water to the point where it could not be used as a source of drinking water. Due regard should be given to background concentrations of chloride and other possible sources of chloride in making such a determination; 8. areas draining into groundwater recharge zones or that have an exposed or shallow water table, with medium to high permeability soils, such as medium to coarse sand and gravel, where the addition of road salts has the potential to significantly raise the chloride concentration of the groundwater to the point where it could present a threat of serious or irreversible environmental damage. download pdf Inquiries and comments on this Code of Practice, as well as requests for additional copies of the Code, should be directed to: Head, Controls Development Section Chemicals Control Branch Environment Canada Place Vincent Massey 351 St. Joseph Blvd., 12th floor Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-1640 Fax: (819) 994-0007 Email: roadsalts@ec.gc.ca Environment Canada gratefully acknowledges the contributions of all working group participants who assisted in developing this Code of Practice. Extended thanks go out to the Transportation Association of Canada for the development of the Syntheses of Best Practices. Report Date: 04/04 Back to Top | Next | What's New | About Us | Topics | Publications | Weather | Home | | Français | Contact Us | Help | Search | Canada Site | The Green LaneTM, Environment Canada's World Wide Web site Important Notices preface code of practice annexes environmental impact indicators identifying areas vulnerable to road salts monitoring and measuring progress working group members contact info and resources Environment Canada road salts web site The purpose of Annex C is to provide a common approach to monitoring and measuring progress in road salt use, the implementation of best management practices with respect to road salts, and the concentration of road salts in the environment. Information collected will be used in conjunction with additional winter severity weather data provided by the Meteorological Service of Canada, environmental monitoring data collected from case studies and water quality monitoring programs, and road safety data provided by Transport Canada to determine the extent and effectiveness of implementation of the Code of Practice. Information to be provided to Environment Canada by organizations is described below. 1. Background Information Organization • Name and address; • Technical contact, telephone and fax numbers, and electronic mail address; • Population (municipalities only). Salt Management Plan • Existence of a salt management plan; • Date of approval of the salt management plan; • Date of latest revision of the salt management plan, where applicable. Road Length Serviced • Total length of road on which salt is applied in the organization’s jurisdiction. Winter Severity • Organization’s rating of the severity of the winter; • Municipal Organizations Only – Total number of events requiring salt application during the winter averaged over all districts within the organization’s jurisdiction. 2. Materials Used • Total quantity of road salts used for winter road maintenance; • Description of non-chloride materials used for winter road maintenance. 3. Material Storage • Organization’s objectives for implementing best management practices related to material storage, as indicated in its salt management plan; • State of implementation of each management practice. 4. Winter Road Maintenance Equipment and Road Salt Application Practices • Organization’s objectives for implementing best management practices related to road maintenance equipment and salt application practices, as indicated in its salt management plan; • State of implementation of each management practice; • State of calibration program for equipment. 5. Snow Disposal • Organization’s objectives for implementing best management practices related to snow disposal, as indicated in its salt management plan; • State of implementation of each management practice. 6. Winter Road Maintenance Training • Existence of a winter road maintenance training program related to the organization’s salt management plan; • Organization’s objectives for training of personnel, as indicated in its salt management plan; • State of training of personnel. 7. Areas Vulnerable to Road Salts • Existence of areas vulnerable to road salts; • Description of additional salt management practices undertaken by the organization in identified vulnerable areas, where applicable. 8. Environmental Monitoring • Chloride concentration and frequency of sampling at each sampling location, if available. download pdf Inquiries and comments on this Code of Practice, as well as requests for additional copies of the Code, should be directed to: Head, Controls Development Section Chemicals Control Branch Environment Canada Place Vincent Massey 351 St. Joseph Blvd., 12th floor Gatineau, Quebec K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-1640 Fax: (819) 994-0007 Email: roadsalts@ec.gc.ca Environment Canada gratefully acknowledges the contributions of all working group participants who assisted in developing this Code of Practice. Extended thanks go out to the Transportation Association of Canada for the development of the Syntheses of Best Practices. Report Date: 04/04 Back to Top | Next | What's New | About Us | Topics | Publications | Weather | Home | | Français | Contact Us | Help | Search | Canada Site | The Green LaneTM, Environment Canada's World Wide Web site Important Notices LMNOPQLRMRSQNDHOOQTSMRSQNDQUDMNMVM @ABC@C@DEDFC@DGHC@ HD@HIDJHHKCJC HOOQTSMRSQNDVWODRLMNOPQLRODVXDMNMVM Y90Z[\]Z^Z_`]`^\a[Z^0 lmnopnopqrspnrptposunsopqvpwxrymsosopqvpzsoyp{ut|yn|sopus}tys~pyqpymspsvvs|ynsptrtssrypqvpuqt~pot}ypos nrpnrysuptnrysrtr|spqsutynqroplmnopwxrymsonopnopuqn~s~ptopt~n|spyqpuqt~ptnrytnrsuopvqup|qron~sutynqr msrp~ss}qnrpymsnupqrpwt}yptrtssryp{}trpplmspwxrymsonopnoprqypnrysr~s~pyqpspos~puso|unyns}x ypnopyqpspos~pnrp|qr|suypnympymsp}sno}tynqrptrt}op~nus|ynsoptr~puq|s~usopqvpnr~nn~t}puqt~ tsr|nsopwxrymsosopqvpzsoyp{ut|yn|sopmtspssrpuq~|s~pqrpwt}yptrtssryp{}troplutnrnrpqt~ptr~ zun~spsonrputnrtsptr~pwyqutysuptrtssryp{tssryoptr~pwt}yptrtssrypssytynqr trtssrypsonrptr~psutynqrpqvpqt~ptnrysrtr|sptu~opwrqpwyqutsptr~pnoqot}pwnysoptr~ nrysuptnrysrtr|spnsryptr~pls|mrq}qnsopqupqusp~sytn}s~pnrvqutynqrp}stospusvsupyqplopwt}y trtssrypn~spp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b c &"$5'"%#"+()"&35'""5%"+"%#$d$& $&&33"53$&##"&35"90 &". c &"$+&""&(!$)"&3+3+&""&(!"5$0 $$$&&3'&$&5"$&+##($&!#"$3 $&$6!e+&"$&&*"3)&3( +!+"'&)"&3*""*#"*&#"*0 %+&. c f-"+"+"$"+'&%&"$"&"-" ++&"+&"$&!#"$3"*%#*&. 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