The International Tourism Congress: An Overview Panorama Engorgement:The Cabbage Cure Mind Over Matter SQU Library Device Gets US Patent News Update Depression among Students Department of Public Relations and Information Sultan Qaboos University Issue 310 View Point The Impact of Counselling Mohamed Salem Al Ghailani Editorial Supervision Santhosh Muthalath Senior Editor Sara Al Gheilani Nasebah Al Muharrami Translation Ahlam Al Wahaibi Design & Layout Photography Dept., CET Photography Salim Al Sudairi Circulation SQU-info Psychological counselling service is an integral component of any educational institution. It helps students or employees manage their difficulties and transform personal problems into their own personal growth. Counselling service helps a person gain understanding and insight into any difficulties that he or she may be experiencing, to develop emotional resilience and put into effect real change, enabling the person to fulfil one’s academic and personal potential. Counselling is a very important ingredient in shaping students’ behavior and performance. Students with various problems in schools need to be listened to. A specialist in counselling psychology can help to normalize your experience and place it in context, bring objectivity, critical distance, and experience of dealing with problems of all kinds. This often leads to seeing a problem in a new way, and feeling more able to get to grips with it. The Student Counselling Centre at SQU, recently conducted an awareness campaign to spread the importance of psychological counselling and to make the students and the university community understand how psychological counselling is different from psychiatric treatment offered in medical centers or hospitals. Psychologists work to help people understand the nature of difficulties they may be dealing with, develop insight and skills to minimize and manage the impact of problems. Through the campaign, the counsellors at the Student Counselling Centre, spread information on various services offered by the Center which include individual counselling, group counselling, seminars and workshops, and so on. The workshops and seminars help students build skills to respond to the demands of life at university. Group counselling or open agenda group sessions can be an effective form of help for a range of problems, providing an opportunity to explore how you relate to others and benefit from their experiences and support. Groups can provide an opportunity to explore how you relate to others, to see yourself through their eyes, and to benefit from their experiences and support while offering them your own. Counsellors try to develop confidential relationships with students to help them resolve and cope with problems and challenges. They have a friendly and professional approach in the whole process of helping the learners, because they give it time and keep following up the students to assess the progress. Student Counselling is a choice, which all universities need to embrace. @SQU-info Horizon invites contributions from SQU members of staff and faculty. Contributions in the form of articles, news, travelogues, stories of unique and interesting experiences, encounters, etc., are welcome. Contributions may be edited for the sake of clarity and length. Please send your contributions to horizon@squ.edu.om preferably, as MSWord attachments. Authors will be suitably credited. The views and opinions expressed in the articles published in this newsletter are those of the authors and are not to be construed as the official views of the publication. Horizon is published three times a month by the Department of Public Relations and Information, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 50, P.C. 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. Phone: +968 24141045 E-mail: horizon@squ.edu.om 20 March 2015 P2 Fax: +968 24413 391 Website: www.squ.edu.om News Round Up “A Stronger UN for a Better World” As a part of the cultural activities on the sidelines of the 20th Muscat International Book Fair, a lecture was held at Sultan Qaboos University in the College of Arts and Social Sciences entitled “The 70th anniversary of the United Nations: a stronger United Nations for a better world” . The lecture was delivered by Maher Nasser, Director of Outreach Division in the United Nations, in the presence of H.E Dr. Abdul Monaim Al-Hasani, Minister of Information, and H.E. Dr. Ali bin Saud Al Bimani, Vice Chancellor of SQU. Mr. Maher said: “We are here to talk about the role that the United Nations had played and the challenges that the humanity facing today, which no country can face independently or without the cooperation of other countries, therefore, we decided our slogan for this year: a stronger United Nations for a better world”. The United Nations was established for several objectives, such as to find peaceful ways to resolve problems, achieve justice and peace among all, realize the principle of equality, find solutions for many social and economic issues around all the world, as well as to set human rights and ensure the public freedoms. All these objectives set out in the Charter of the United Nations, which was founded in 1945, and includes 193 countries. The United Nations were able to solve and avoid many of the challenges and other problems, and many of the indicators related to poverty, the provision of drinking water, reduction in mortality rate, education, provide means of communications, all these data emphasize the role of the United Nations. Mr. Maher concluded the lecture by saying that technology has significantly contributed to solve many issues and challenges facing the world, and a better future can be achieved through peace, prosperity and progress of peoples and nations. Doha Institute, SQU Explore Ties An official delegation from the Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar, consisting of Abderrahim Benhadda, Associate Dean and Professor of History at the School of Social Sciences and Humanities, and Malik Habayeb, Dean’s Office Manager at the School of Public Administration and Development Economics, visited Sultan Qaboos University, to explore avenues for academic and research collaboration between the two institutions. The delegation was received by Dr. Abdullah Al Kindi, Dean of the College of Arts & Social Sciences at SQU, and other officials. The two sides explored the possibilities of opening up collaboration through exchange of students and faculty members, and joint research in social sciences, humanities and economics. The Doha Institute for Graduate Studies (DI) is an independent institute for learning and research in the fields of Social Sciences, Humanities, Public Administration and Development Economics. 20 March 2015 P6 Bioethics Forum Discusses Various Topics The First International Bioethics Conference, organized by the Oman National Bioethics Committee, in collaboration with Sultan Qaboos University, the Research Council (TRC), and UNESCO, addressed various topics related to bioethics. The opening ceremony of the conference was held under the patronage of H.E. Sheikh Abdulmalik bin Abdullah bin Ali al-Khalili, Minister of Justice. The conference was designed to offer a platform for exchange of information and knowledge about bioethics and for networking. The three day conference addressed various topics related to bioethics including ethical perspective of womb transplant, embryonic and stem cell research; present challenges facing Islamic bioethics and its future perspectives; end of life and related issues; challenges of premarital medical examination; and, Islamic jurisprudence ruling related to Ebola outbreak. The conference also discussed challenges faced by the National Bioethics Committee in establishing rules and drawing up legislation in the Sultanate. Speaking on the occasion, H.E. Dr. Ali bin Saud Al Bimani, the Vice Chancellor of SQU, and Chairman of the National Bioethics Committee, Oman, said that developments in science and technology have made profound changes in biomedical research as well as health care that have contributed positively to humankind. However, the emerging advances in medical and health care, science and technology have created new challenges for health workers and biomedical researchers. The conference will promote the exchange of knowledge and experience, training opportunities and research activities among regional and international bioethics professionals”, he said. Prof. Stefano Semplici, Chairperson of the Bureau of the International Bioethics Committee, said that though bioethics is obviously about science, it encompasses several dimensions which provide human life with its fundamental goals and meaning. “We deal with crucial aspects and opportunities of the unprecedented pace of scientific development. At the same time we consider them not only through technical perspectives, but also as a challenge for our values, lifestyles, the values of our traditions and the universal normative framework of human rights. This is where the specific roles of ethics, together with education and culture, comes into consideration”, he observed. Congratulating the conference organizers, Prof. Stefano Semplici said: “By deciding to bring together experts from different regions and cultures of the world, the Oman National Committee of Bioethics offers a striking example of how to develop bioethics at the global level”. Dr. Mohammed Ali Al Bar from International Medical Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, gave a talk on behalf of the conference participants. Sheikh Dr. Kahlan Bin Nabhan Al Kharusi, Assistant Grand Mufti of the Sultanate, and international experts in bioethics including Prof. Abdallah Daar, delivered keynote speeches at the conference. Around 60 people from Oman and abroad, including Islamic scholars and scientists and physicians specialized in this field, attended the conference. Insight Depression among Students Everyone occasionally feels blue or sad. But these feelings are usually short-lived and pass within a couple of days. When you have depression, it interferes with daily life and causes pain for both you and those who care about you. Depression is a common but serious illness. Medications, psychotherapies, and other methods can effectively treat people with depression. A study that investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms among students at Sultan Qaboos University, indicates that the tendency for depression might be a common health problem among college students in Oman attending primary health care facilities. The researchers from the Department of Family Medicine & Public Health at Sultan Qaboos University, led by Dr. Zakiya Al Busaidi conducted a cross-sectional study among Omani students attending the students’ clinic of SQU. A total of 481 students (243 males and 238 females) participated in the study. The results of this study show that 27.6% of the sample endorsed propensity towards emotional distress in the form of depression. This figure largely falls within the international rate from similar population. This study underscores the view that subclinical depression is high in such populations. Studies from other countries showed a wide variety of rates ranging between 10% and 44%. This variation has been explained to be due to cultural differences, differences in the healthcare system, and differences in the population and the tools used in the study. Moreover, the rate is higher when compared to a community study conducted on school students in Oman. This difference could indicate that university life has factors which might contribute to stress and trigger maladjustment that expresses as depression. Most students who join university in Oman are leaving their homes for the first time. This might subject them to loss of the traditional social support and supervision in addition to residing with other students and peer relationships. Moreover, there is a change in the style of learning from what the students are used to in school. These changes may act as risk factors to depression in university students in Oman. The other factor that could contribute to the present observation is the fact that it was selfselecting cohort who, for various reasons was seeking consultation in a medical setting. Further studies to explore such confounders are needed. The study showed no significant difference in the rate of depression between males and females, which is contrary to the well-known notion that depression is more common in women in general. Moreover, the findings of this study support the results of the previously mentioned 20 March 2015 P4 national survey including Omani adolescents where the rates of depression were found to be similar across gender. Similar results were shown in international studies on university students and were explained to be due to female students being able to express themselves better and being more confident. In addition, there is an indication that women are outperforming males in academic performance. The question could be that newly found confidence in females would be related to their lower score in indices of depression. Another explanation could be that the majority of female students reside, due to sociological reason, at university hostels adjacent to the college. In SQU, males student are left to fend on their own and the university, being the one national university, draws student population from different corners of Oman. Poor sleep was highly reported by depressed subjects in this study. Sleep disturbance is extremely common in university students. As indicated by the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, disturbance in sleep is usually accompanied by undesirable daytime consequences; decreased levels of motivation, performance, concentration, attention, and humor, as well as increased fatigue and somnolence. Such changes are expected to have undesirable effects on the students’ academic performance. Hence, the association between insufficient sleep duration and lower university grades is understandable. Information about the characteristics of the individual student’s sleep habits might be useful for counseling students on how to cope best with the problem. In summary, the researchers found that depression is common in SQU students with no preponderance between males and females. The results of this study originally appeared in Oman Medical Journal ( Jul 2011 issue). Along with Dr. Zakiya Al Busaidi, Kamlesh Bhargava, Aida AlIsmaily,Hadia Al-Lawati, Rahma Al-Kindi, Mohammad Al-Shafaee, and Abdullah Al-Maniri participated in this research project. In the second phase, researchers completed a study on the socio-demographic factors and the effect of depression on the academic performance among medical students At SQU. The results will be published soon. Dr. Zakia Al Busaidi said that now they are preparing for a follow up research which seeks to investigate the help seeking behavior of SQU medical students suffering from depression. “The departments of Family Medicine & Public Health and Behavioural Medicine at the College of medicine & Health Sciences, and the Student Counselling Centre at SQU have plans to collaborate to provide better medical and counselling services to the students with psychological problems”, Dr. Zakiya said. Mind Over Matter Engorgement: The Cabbage Cure By: Mrs. Harshita Prabhakaran Lecturer Maternal and Child Health Department College of Nursing, SQU A newborn baby has only three demands. They are warmth in the arms of its mother, food from mothers breasts, and security in the knowledge of her presence. Breastfeeding satisfies all three.-Grantly Dick-Read decreasing tissue congestion by dilating local capillaries and improving the blood flow in the area,” the green cabbage plant contains a high concentration of sulphur. Breast engorgement is the painful overfilling of the breasts with milk. This is a common physiological problem for lactating mothers that is caused by the sudden increase in the volume of the breast milk due to lymphatic and vascular congestion with interstitial edema during the first two weeks of breastfeeding. The reason why engorgement occurs in the first two weeks postpartum is that the mother and her baby are adjusting to the process of demand and supply: i.e. if the milk production is increased too rapidly this may exceed the capacity of the breast alveoli to store it. If the milk is not removed the distention can lead to capillary blood circulation occlusion and reduce the cellular activity. Steps to apply cabbage on engorged breast Peel off the large green cabbage leaves and wash and dry them. Remove the core and gently peel individual leaves away from the center of the head pulling outward. Leaves can be chilled in the refrigerator. Cool compresses tend to relieve swelling more effectively than warm compresses. Engorgement of the breasts is associated with severe pain, nipple tenderness, fissures of the nipple and infection which can all result in subsequent cessation of breast feeding. Overfilled breasts can easily become very swollen and painful, leading to severe engorgement. Engorgement can make it difficult for the baby to breastfeed effectively. A hard areola makes it challenging for the baby to latch on deeply, which can lead to painful nipples and a low milk supply. Breast engorgement can be characterized by low grade fever and absence of systemic symptoms. The breasts feel warm to touch and appear shiny and it can be quite painful for some women when the breasts become hard. Throughout the world, breast engorgement is one of the main reasons why women stop breastfeeding or suffer from a reduced /short duration of breast feeding. For centuries cabbage has been used to treat swelling and bruising of the skin. Its anti-inflammatory properties have been used to treat joint pain due to arthritis and sports injuries. It is high in nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin K, and potassium Cabbage leaves act as a diuretic, and they contain powerful anti-inflammatory compounds. Cabbage juice is rich in lactic acid, a known anti-bacterial. Applied to the skin, these compounds are remarkably effective at relieving swelling and the pain associated with it. The common green cabbage (Brassica capitata) is used for engorgement therapy. Cabbage is known to contain sinigrin (allylisothiocyanate) rapine, mustard oil, magnesium, oxylate and sulphur heterosides. Herbalists believe that cabbage has both antibiotic and anti-irritant properties. It helps in Just before use, crush the veins in the leaf with a rolling pin (or similar object), or slice off the tops of the “veins” with a sharp knife. Drape several leaves over each breast. Use enough to cover all the engorged tissue, including any swollen tissue under your arms. Leave the compress on until the leaves become wilted, about 20 to 30 minutes. Repeat application of cabbage leaves three or four times (about every 4 to 6 hours) per 24 hours, until engorgement subsides (usually in 1 or 2 days). If the engorgement is severe, compresses can be used as often as needed. This therapy is effective because the cabbage leaves absorb some of the fluid from the glands within the breast area, thereby reducing the fullness in the tissue. Some important things to remember: Leaving the leaves on longer does not make them absorb more fluid. The smell in the breast area is from the cabbage leaf being placed on your skin. Wash your breasts off with warm soapy water after use. Don’t wash the nipples with soap, especially if you have dry cracked skin on the nipples. Sulphur Helps The effect of cabbage leaves on breast engorgement and duration of breastfeeding was assessed by the “Cochrane Pregnancy and Chilbirth Group’. They reviewed the literature and concluded that the use of cabbage leaves may help women to keep breastfeeding after birth. It’s not entirely clear why cabbage leaves would reduce breast engorgement, but the green cabbage plant contains a high concentration of sulphur, which is known to reduce swelling and inflammation in all tissues. Cabbage leaves supposedly help reduce milk supply and decrease the discomfort of breast engorgement. P5 20 March 2015 News Update SQU Library Device Gets US Patent SQU got the first patent registered in the US Patent Office for the invention of an automatic book prop used in the field of libraries by Yaqoub bin Saif Al Habsi from the main library at the university. Yaqoub bin Saif al Habsi, a staff at the Loan Department of the main Library of SQU said that the invention is mechanical book prop for libraries, in particular to the bookshelves in libraries, adding that this prop includes a rechargeable battery. Al Habsi said that when a book is removed from the shelf, an electrical circuit automatically opens and the prop moves in a straight to reposition the book in the rack, and thus close the gaps arising between the remaining books and when a researcher likes to borrow a book, the circuit is closed and cannot put back the book to the shelf again, this means that the device keeps the books in their places according to their serial number, and this is the second function of the device. Big Turnout for Career Fair The hundreds of graduates and students who attended The 16th Edition of the SQU Career & Training Opportunities Fair (2015), organized by the Center for Career Guidance at Sultan Qaboos University, found a broad assortment of employers seeking to fill hundreds of career and training positions. The three day event was opened under the patronage of H.E.Abdullah bin Nasser Al Bakri, Minister of Manpower. As many as 60 prospective employers, both from the public and private sectors, participated in the event. The Minister of Manpower, congratulated SQU for organizing such a big career fair with great participation of employers and jobseekers and extended all support from the ministry to this endeavor. The Career Fair aims to provide jobs and training opportunities for SQU students and graduates in order to enhance their abilities, develop their skills, and prepare them for the labor market. The Fair is considered to be an excellent opportunity for students who are in the stage of choosing their academic specializations to be exposed to the most demanded ones in the Omani labor market and the career paths associated with them. The fair, also, helps the participating institutions to accelerate their Omanisation plans through direct contact with more than 3000 graduates with diverse in educational backgrounds. SQU Career & Training Opportunities Fair 2015, received around 15,000 visitors from all over Oman. The total number of vacancies reported by the participating employers was 1647. The number of training opportunities this year was 1006. According to information from the Centre for Career Guidance at SQU, all participating organizations were carefully chosen according to certain criteria such as the availability of outstanding quality and quantity of offered jobs and training opportunities. This year, the Fair gained special attention due to the presence of the Entrepreneurship Corner which seeks to encourage Omani youth to start their own businesses and be self-employed. Analytical Services Lab Inaugurated The Central Analytical and Applied Research Unit (CAARU) at Sultan Qaboos University, was officially opened recently under the patronage of H.E. Dr. Ali bin Saud Al Bimani, the Vice Chancellor. The unit which is under College of Science Dean’s office has established itself on the basis of having expertise in the field of advanced instrumentation and developing the capabilities with the most cutting edge technologies. Ahlam Al-Azkawi, Head of CAARU, said that the idea of the unit was first proposed in 2004 with an aim of centralizing the different instruments in College of Science that could be for multidisciplinary use. Since then, the college has purchased new instrumentations and replaced the old ones to cover the general research and industry demand. To insure proper operation and good maintenance of the instruments, the College has also identified some technical staff from each contributing department to be well trained and dedicated to instrumentation and analysis. CAARU was officially integrated in the university structure in December 2012 and all instrumentation was physically moved to the new location in College of Science new building by end of 2013 with well-trained dedicated staff. CAARU consists of over 16 instrumentations covering different type of analysis from different field of sciences and 10 application specialist assisted by 5 qualified technical staff. CAARU is having its own expert team to guide research projects and help with the selection of the instruments, analysis and interpretation. CAARU provides different services and consultancy to undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers within and outside SQU. CAARU services have also expanded further to include industry, public and private sectors. Some of the instruments are even utilized for diagnostic purposes by providing services to SQUH and Ministry of Health. “Usually all clinical cases submitted to CAARU are critical cases where the routine laboratory procedures fail to give diagnosis”, Ahlam Al Azkawi said. Saif Al Mamari, Application Specialist at CAARU and the Material Sciences team leader said that most of industrial samples we receive at CAARU are from oil field companies. “We have gained the trust of the private sector in providing quality analysis and we insure data not to be released to customer unless crossed checked with different instrumentations to have confirmative results”. For the past few years CAARU received various samples from different the colleges of SQU, different academic institutes around Oman; and several companies and ministries. At the end of the visit to the lab facility, H.E. Dr. Ali bin Saud Al Bimani, said: “I’m impressed with the preparation of CAARU, the unit is serving the university and the nation with many analysis. I wish to see the unit expands to become a National Unit”. P3 20 March 2015 Panorama The International Tourism Congress: An Overview As a result of long-term collaborations, the VII International Tourism Congress (ITC 14) was co-organized by the Tourism Department, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman and the School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal, from the 2nd to the 4th of December 2014. Being hosted in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman, it was the first time the congress was held outside its original base in Peniche, Leiria, Portugal. The ITC 14 organizing team was keen to maintain the congress’ usual theme “the Image and Sustainability of Tourist Destinations”, as well as its focal aim “to present and discuss national and international experiences about tourism competitiveness, customers’ experience, destination image and branding, sustainability and tourism marketing”. The conference also featured seven world-class keynote speakers who presented, over the congress duration, their valuable views on different tourism aspects. Professor Jafar Jafari (University of Wisconsin-Stout, USA) argued that “A nice place to live is a nice place to visit”. Professor Eduardo Fayos-Sola (President of the Ulysses Foundation, Spain) talked about “The future of tourism destinations: progress and development on a less travelled road”. Professor Maged Negm (Vice-president, Helwan University, Egypt) and Professor João Paulo Jorge (Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal) addressed the audience about the new approaches of “Heritage tourism”, and “Coastal tourism” respectively. On the second day, Professor Adele Ladkin (Bournemouth University, UK) spoke on “Sustainable tourism destinations: a human resource perspective”. Mr. Abdul Wahed Al Farsi (Acting Chief Communications Officer, Omran, Oman) highlighted the role of “Omran as a catalyst for tourism projects in Oman”. Finally, Professor Metin Kozak (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China) focused on “The future of tourism marketing and management: moving from current issues to future trends”. More than ninety delegates from 23 different countries enriched the con- ference by presenting 102 papers, which were classified under seven main themes: Sustainable tourism and development; Tourism marketing and destination image; Tourism economics and management; Tourism education and training; Tourism experience management; and Innovation and new trends. In addition, there was also an Arabic language track. The ITC 14 attracted a wide variety of attendees including under- and post-graduate students, entrepreneurs, developers, policy and decision makers, and tourism professionals who attended the presentations to share their knowledge and experience with the academic delegates. Seven papers received honorable mention certificates, while Annalisa Stacchini and Andrea Guizzardi (University of Bologna, Italy) received the best paper award for their article entitled “Demand-driven regional tourist clusters: a new methodology for analyzing competitiveness of international tourist destinations from satisfaction statements”. Thirty of the conference full papers are planned to be published in three regional and international journals namely: the European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation; the College of Arts and Social Sciences Journal (Sultan Qaboos University); and the Faulty of Tourism and Hotels, Helwan University Journal. The other papers will be fully published in the conference proceedings to be issued by the end of 2015. To enhance delegates’ experience of the Omani tourism, a sightseeing tour was organized on the third day for conference attendees to explore Muscat. The city tour gave the participants the impression that tourism is progressing rapidly in the Sultanate of Oman. In prospect, the VIII International Tourism Congress will be held on 25-27 November 2015 at Peniche, Portugal. (On behalf of the Conference Steering Committee, this report was prepared by Dr. Galal Afifi, Department of Tourism, College of Arts & Social Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University.) P7 20 March 2015 Straight Talk H.E. Paola Amadei H.E. Paola Amadei is the Ambassador of Italy to the Sultanate of Oman. Prior to taking up the assignment in Oman, she has served in Brussels at the Permanent Representation of Italy to the European Union (20072012) as a First Counsellor, Head of the Trade Policy Unit and Delegate to the Council of the European Union for Transatlantic Relations. She was dealing with the negotiations in the WTO and the EU bilateral negotiation (USA, Canada, Gulf Cooperation Council, Japan, China, India, Mercosur, Korea). H.E. Paola Amadei holds a Master’s Degree in Political Science (With Honors) from the University of Rome, “La Sapienza” and a Master’s Degree in High European Political Studies from The College of Europe in Bruges, 1992. Since H.E. Paola Amadei took over as the Ambassador of Italy in Muscat on 24 September 2012, she has made great efforts to strengthen the links between various higher educational institutions in Italy and Sultan Qaboos University. H.E. Paola Amadei is a good friend of SQU. During her latest visit to SQU, after the Embassy handed over a set of Italian books to the SQU Library, H.E. Paola Amadei spoke to Horizon about the Embassy’s relations with SQU and various activities organised to boost the ties. Horizon: Your excellency has been a good friend and a frequent visitor to SQU. What is the purpoe of your present visit to SQU? H.E. Paola: The scope of my meeting with H.H. Sayyidah Dr. Mona bint Fahad Al Said, SQU Assistatnt Vice Chancellor for International Cooperation, was the delivery of numerous masterpieces of Italian literature donated by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation to the University. These books will form the nucleus of an Italian literary section within the library of SQU. The initiative is linked to the introduction of the Italian language course launched last October at the SQU that is seeing the participation of many committed Omani students. Horizon: How would you comment on the introduction of Italian langauge course at the premier higher educational instituion in Oman? H.E. Paola: Italian is one of the most studied and most spoken languages in the world: not only in the European Union but also in the United States, Canada, Latin America, North Africa and Horn of Africa, Australia, because of the communities of Italian origins present in those countries. Many of the terms of music, art, design, are in the Italian language. The “demand” for Italian is growing, due to the love for the most distinctive aspects of the Italian culture: from music to visual arts, from architecture to the Italian style and the “Made in Italy”, or simply because it is a beautiful, melodious language. For me, the launching of the Italian langauge course at SQU is a dream come true. I think it is an excellent outcome. After the launch of the Italian course and the creation of an Italian literary section within the library of SQU we strongly hope that the cooperation with the SQU in this field will continue. Horizon: Apart from the launch of Italian langauge course at the College of Arts & Social Sciences, what are the other major outcomes in terms of cooperation between the Italy and SQU, or in broader perspective between Italy and Oman? H.E. Paola: After the launch of the Italian language course at the SQU, a number of new initiatives are on the way to promote this language in the Sultanate of Oman. There are more and more Omanis who speak Italian or who would like to learn it. More and more delegations from eminent Italian universities show interest in the Sultanate of Oman. Works are always underway to finalize new agreements aimed to enhance academic exchanges and cooperation between Italian and Omani Universities and, of course, the study of the Italian language in Oman and Arabic in Italy. I am sure that the knowledge of the Italian language will contribute significantly to bring a greater number of Omani students to our universities where they can excel at the Italian language and at the same time attend major courses in various disciplines of interest to them. 20 March 2015