MATHEMATICAL MODEL STUDY OF THE
EFFLUENT DISPOSAL FROM A
DESALINATION PLANT IN THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT AT TUTICORIN
Presented by
Mr.Danish.D.R
14-04-2014
M.Tech Coastal Management
Institute for Ocean Management
Anna University, Chennai
Tamil Nadu, India.
1
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• STUDY AREA
• OBJECTIVE
• METHODOLOGY
• GOVERNING EQUATION
– AD Equation
– Concentration
– Plant details
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
•
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CONCLUSION
2
INTRODUCTION
 Desalination - removal of dissolved minerals of the sea water
 Why Desalination? Scarcity of water and increase in demand for water
 Proposal for desalination plants of 100 MLD capacity units along the
eastern coast of Tamil Nadu
 Greatest challenge – brine discharge and disposal in sea water
 By-products of SWRO desal plants maintains ambient temperature but
increases the salinity by more than 100%
 There is no better alternative for brine disposal other than the marine
outfalls
 90% of desalination plants dispose their effluents through specially designed
outfalls
 Location of discharge outfalls to be present in less sensitive coastal region.
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OBJECTIVE
• To determine optimum location for the outfall.
• To predict the fate of the effluent using numerical model
(MIKE 21)
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STUDY AREA
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METHODOLOGY
HYDRODYNAMIC
DATA
(SECONDARY
DATA)
MODELLING OF
EFFLUENT
DISCHARGE
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• TIDES
• CURRENTS
• MIKE21
(FLOW
MODEL)
SAMPLES
7
GOVERNING EQUATION - AD Equation
𝝏
𝝏𝝏
𝒉𝒉 +
Where,
𝝏
𝝏𝝏
c
𝒖𝒖𝒖 +
𝝏
𝝏𝝏
𝒗𝒗𝒗 =
𝝏
𝝏𝝏
𝒉. 𝑫𝒙 .
𝝏𝝏
𝝏𝝏
+
: Compound concentration (arbitrary axis)
𝝏
𝝏𝝏
𝒉. 𝑫𝒚 .
𝝏𝝏
𝝏𝝏
− 𝑭. 𝒉. 𝒄 + 𝑺
u, v
: Horizontal velocity components in the X,Y direction (m/s)
h
: Water depth (m)
Dx, Dy
: Dispersion coefficient in X,Y direction (m2/s)
F
: Linear decay co-efficient (Sec-1)
S
: Qs, (Cs-C)
Qs
: Source/Sink discharge (m3/s/m2)
Cs
: Concentration of compound in the source/sink discharge.
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GOVERNING EQUATION - CONCENTRATION
C = (C1X1+C2X2)/X3
Where,
C1- Sea water concentration kg/m3
C1- Drinking water concentration kg/m3
C2- Brine concentration kg/m3
X1- Drinking water capacity MLD
X2- Brine outfall capacity MLD
X3- Seawater intake capacity MLD
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PLANT DETAILS
PLANT DETAILS
DESCRIPTION
Plant capacity
100 MLD (4166.67 m3/hr)
Plant intake
237 MLD (9875 m3/hr)
Brine outfall
137 MLD (5708.33 m3/hr)
Sea water concentration
35 PSU
Brine Concentration
48 PSU (13 PSU in excess)
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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BATHYMETRY
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12
400
4
350
3.5
300
3
250
2.5
200
2
150
1.5
100
1
50
Wind speed (km/hr)
Wind direction (Degrees)
WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION FOR
TUTICORIN COAST FOR THE YEAR 2012
0.5
0
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
101
111
121
131
141
151
161
171
181
191
201
211
221
231
241
251
261
271
281
291
301
311
321
331
341
351
361
0
Wind Direction
No of Days
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Wind Speed
13
AVERAGE SEASONAL WIND SPEED AND WIND
DIRECTION FOR TUTICORIN COAST FOR THE
YEAR 2012
Season
Month
Wind Speed
(km/hr)
(Degrees)
Winter
Jan & Feb
1.95
64
Summer
Mar-May
1.63
210
South West Monsoon
Jun- Sep
2.23
214
North East Monsoon
Oct-Dec
1.98
130
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Source – ASCAT satellite NOAA14
WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION OF
WINTER (JAN & FEB) FOR TUTICORIN COAST
FOR THE YEAR 2012
400
3.5
350
3
2.5
250
2
200
1.5
150
1
100
0.5
50
0
0
1
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Wind speed (km/hr)
Wind direction (Degrees)
300
3
5
7
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59
No of Days
Wind Direction
Wind Speed
15
CURRENT PATTREN AND DISPERSION FLOW
MODEL WITH CONSTANT WIND SPEED WINTER
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WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION OF SW
MONSOON (JUN-SEP) FOR TUTICORIN COAST
FOR THE YEAR 2012
3.5
300
3
250
200
2
150
1.5
Wind speed (km/hr)
Wind direction (Degrees)
2.5
100
1
50
0.5
Wind Direction
0
0
1
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5
9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97 101105109113117121
No of Days
Wind Speed
17
CURRENT PATTERN AND DISPERSION FLOW
MODEL WITH CONSTANT WIND SPEED - SW
MONSOON
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18
400
4
350
3.5
300
3
250
2.5
200
2
150
1.5
100
1
Wind speed (km/hr)
Wind direction (Degrees)
WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION OF NE
MONSOON (OCT-DEC) FOR TUTICORIN
COAST FOR THE YEAR 2012
0.5
50
0
0
1
4
7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70 73 76 79 82 85 88 91
No of Days
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Wind Direction
Wind Speed
19
CURRENT PATTERN AND DISPERSION FLOW
MODEL WITH CONSTANT WIND SPEED - NE
MONSOON
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20
400
4
350
3.5
300
3
250
2.5
200
2
150
1.5
100
1
50
Wind speed (km/hr)
Wind direction (Degrees)
WIND SPEED AND WIND DIRECTION FOR
TUTICORIN COAST FOR THE YEAR 2012
0.5
0
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
101
111
121
131
141
151
161
171
181
191
201
211
221
231
241
251
261
271
281
291
301
311
321
331
341
351
361
0
No of Days
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Wind Direction
Wind Speed
21
400
8
350
7
300
6
250
5
200
4
150
3
100
2
50
1
0
0
1
3
5
7
9
11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
Wind Speed (m/sec)
Wind Direction (Degrees)
TIME SERIES FOR 48 DAYS
Wind Direction
Wind Speed
No of Days
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TIME SERIES FOR 34 DAYS
12
350
300
10
250
200
6
150
Wind speed (m/s)
Wind Direction (Degrees)
8
4
100
2
50
Wind Direction
0
0
Wind speed
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
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No of Days
23
DISPERSION FLOW MODEL FOR VARYING
WIND SPEED FOR 48 DAYS AND 34 DAYS
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CONCLUSIONS
• The simulation model clearly shows no effluent has moved
towards the shore or gets accumulated.
• The difference between the salinity of the brine and the sea
water is about 0.01 - 0.15 PSU, not much different from
the ambient salinity.
• Thus these parameters show that the point of outfall is
efficient and does not affect the surrounding marine
environment.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• GUIDE – Dr. B.V.Mudgal, Professor, Centre for Water
Resources, Anna University, Chennai, India
• Co-Guide – Dr. G.Dhinesh, Scientist- C, National Institute for
Ocean Technology, Chennai, India.
• Dr. M.V.Ramanamurthy, Project Head, Offshore Structures,
National Institute for Ocean Technology, Chennai, India.
• Conference Organizers and Financial Committee.
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THANK YOU
E-mail Id: civildanish@gmail.com
Mobile: +91-90036 46033
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