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ANNUAL REPORT
2 0 04
35
Cleavages Within the Muslim World Pose Challenges
and Opportunities
In addition to the ideological differences noted above, certain divisions cut
across the Muslim world and have implications for U.S. interests and strategy:
•
Sunnis and Shi’ites. As Figure 5 shows, the majority of Muslims are Sunni.
Shi’ites, who number about 15 percent of the world’s Muslims, are dominant
in Iran and are politically excluded majorities in Bahrain and the eastern
province of Saudi Arabia, as they were in Iraq prior to the removal of Saddam.
Figure 5—Sunni and Shi’a Populations in the Greater Middle East
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44
•
RAND PROJECT AIR FORCE
In the long run, however, India will continue to share many interests with
the United States and will continue to play an important role in the war
against terrorism.
Kashmir poses a serious challenge to the counterterrorism coalition.
Without effective diplomacy to resolve the conflict, the ongoing dispute over
Kashmir (see Figure 6) is likely to frustrate and complicate U.S. efforts to
Figure 6—Detail of South Asia
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