PRIORITY
Criminal Justice
NEEDS INITIATIVE
Technology and Practice Taxonomy—Institutional Corrections
A project of the RAND Corporation,
the Police Executive Research Forum,
RTI International, and the University of Denver
Lethal fencing
Stun fencing
Fence augmentation—netting
Fence augmentation—wire
Gate systems
Kiosks for visitors to add
funds to inmate accounts
Walls Lighting
and
fences
For using biometrics for identity verification,
see information collection
Biometrics and
other sensors
Access
control
technologies
Wristbands
Cards
Inmate
identification
• General staff storage systems
• Weapon storage and
maintenance/armory
• Evidence storage
Staff equipment
storage and
maintenance
Organizational
logistics
Locks/locking
systems
For trust accounts, see
information management
• Kiosks for inmate purchases, commissary
• Safe personal devices and supplies
Facility operations and
population services
Product
delivery
Apparel
Laundry
Food service
• Inmate recreation equipment (portable)
• Suicide prevention clothing and bedding
• Visitor
• Cell
Suicide
prevention
design
Delivering services
to population
Furnishings
and contents
Internal physical
infrastructure
Inmate recreation
equipment (fixed
location)
Internal
environment
control
Inmate
Internet
management
Architectural
design and
systems
• Emergency
generators/
power systems
• Computer control of
facility infrastructure Standard
systems (HVAC, etc.)
Fire
suppression
systems
“Green
technologies”
• Solar
• Motion
sensor
lighting
lighting
Cellular telephone
managed access
systems
Inmate worker
management
• LED
• Water
treatment
• Wind
energy
Education
delivery
Health care
delivery
• Telemedicine
• Automated
external
defibrillators
• Electronic health
record systems
• Infectious disease
control
• Educational technologies
assisting in-person delivery
• Computer-based education
delivery
• Electronic law library
• Telepsychiatry
• Automated
medication
dispensing
• Tamper-evident
prescription
dose system
• Pharmacological
tools
• Ozonated
• Geothermal
• Remote vital sign surveillance
(suicide prevention)
• Human presence detection
• Tunnel detection technology
• Inmate telephone system security
• Biometrics for identity verification
• Cellular telephone detection
• Contraband detection in logistics system
• Contraband detection on people
• Carried-weapon detection
• CCTV for facility security
• Fence-line/perimeter sensors
• Package/luggage/vehicle screening
Key control
Tool control
Asset tracking systems
Physical
material tracking
Visitor
management
Internal access
control
Proximity card/
RFID access
systems
interface
design and
furnishings
furnishings
and fixtures
Guard
stations
External/
perimeter physical
infrastructure
RFID for
material
tracking
• Offender location
monitoring
• Handheld contraband
detection
• Handheld cell
phone detection
• Handheld weapon
detection
• Ion mobility
spectrometers
• Drug and alcohol
screens and tests
Field analytic
tools or test
technologies
Community
interaction
tools
Surveillance/
monitoring
Personnel
management
and performance
monitoring tools
Internal data
collection
Information
security
Protective
Augmenting
Eyewear
• Gas masks
• Self-contained
breathing apparatus
• Evacuation/
escape hoods
Respiratory
protection
See also, information collection for
other sensors that could be person-worn
Credentials/
identification
Armor and
helmets
• Uniforms
• Puncture-resistant gloves
For externally facing cameras and
sensors, see information gathering
Clothing/
uniforms
• Belts, holsters, and
related
Duty technology
• Flashlights
(person-carried
basic tools)
• Safety knives
(suicide prevention)
• Riot armor
• Stab-resistant armor
Worn
Standard
clothing
Instrumented clothing
(e.g., physiological
monitoring)
Cell extraction
technologies
Specialized task
technologies
Associated
technologies
Lethal
weapons
Weapons and
force
Restraint
technologies
Batons
Less-than-lethal
weapons
Irritants
Directed energy
• Fixed restraints
(e.g., chairs)
• Mobile restraints
(e.g., cuffs irons)
Optical
Odorants
Acoustic
Foam
RAND RR820-App fig 1
© 2015 RAND Corporation
Water
Blunt or kinetic
firearm-based
technologies
Electricity
Shotgun
less-lethals
Conductive
energy devices
Millimeter
wave
Active denial
system
Information analysis
Information delivery
(including
communications)
• Pagers
• Smart phones
Personnel
communications
Information
management
(including sharing)
Mobile
communications
Information
presentation tools
and dashboards
See information analysis for
language translation tools
Fixed location
communications
Vehicle-based
communications
Voice
Data
Mobile data
terminals
Video
Data
Voice
See also, information
collection and information
management for other
sensors and systems that
could be vehicle integrated
Inmate
entertainment/
TV management
• Telephony technologies
• Intercom systems
• Inmate telephony
• Public address systems
Video
Virtual
Offender visitation
VTC
Video
job fair/
interview
Video
parole
hearing
Video
arraignment
Vehicle armor
Inmate release
notification
systems—
corrections to
law enforcement
Organizational
analytic
structures
Scheduling
tools
Other crosssector
informationsharing tools
Internal
modifications
Vehicles
Remote vehicle
stopping technologies
Pursuit
management
Aircraft
• Guard tour systems
• Duress systems
• Handheld tour managers
• Officer location monitors
• Vehicle location monitors
• Officer-carried cameras/
body-worn cameras
• Weapon cameras
• Strategic planning and
process improvement tools
• Best practices/research
results repositories
• Recidivism prediction
• Predictive models for
facility disturbances
• Offender restraints/
security
• Weapon security/
storage
Deployable physical
vehicle stopping
technologies
Watercraft
Fixed wing
Rotorcraft
Unmanned
aerial vehicles
• Prehiring personnel
screening
methods
• Officer performance
management systems
• Jail/prison time
computation tools
• Drug test randomizer
software
• Link analysis software
• Geographic information systems
• Video surveillance analytic tools
(intelligence video)
• Language translation technologies
• Inmate population projection and
bed management tools
• Offender management systems
• Security threat group information
systems
IT systems
for managing
• Trust accounts
mission-related
data
• Restitution management
systems
• Supervision fee management
systems
IT systems
for managing
• Other management systems
organizational
resources
System
integration and
information
sharing
Associated
technologies
Unmanned
ground vehicles
• Firearm range technologies
• Simulated training munitions
Computational
tools
External
communications
• Cellular
Voice
• Radio
• Auto-dialers
Firearms
Information and
communications
Public
information
functions
• Victim notification
systems
• Most-wanted
bulletins
Public alert and
• Local area
notification
notification of
escape
AMBER alerts
Data
Person-worn equipment
and weapons/force
Individual
analytical
methods
Information
technology—basic
systems
Riot shields
Shields
Personnel
clothing, protection,
or augmentation
Decision
support
tools
Information
collection
Infrastructure
Face shields
Vehicleembedded
sensors
• Online trust account deposits
• Online restitution systems
• Online visitor notification
Organizational
performance
monitoring tools
See information collection for using biometrics
for identity verfication and internal access
control for using biometrics and other sensors
to manage access
heating
systems
• Binoculars/optics
• Night vision devices
Ground
• Mobile incident
command post vehicles
• Prisoner transport
Specialized
vehicles
ground vehicles
• Secure handicapped
accessible inmate
transport vans
Federal, state, local, and privatesector resources
Laboratory tools and
techniques for evidence
analysis (forensics
technologies)
Mobile
surveillance
and detection
Information technology
hardware, networks/
capacity, connectivity
laundry
Specialized task
information
collection tools
Bicycles
Canines
Authentication,
access management
Automobiles
Motorcycles
Computer
voice stress
analysis
Voice
Computer
Polygraph
stress
analysis
Deception
Forensic tools for
detection
electronic devices
technologies
Sirens, markings,
and warning
indicators
Cell phone
Fixed
surveillance
and detection
RFID
tracking
of inmates
• Night vision
• Vehicle location systems
• License plate readers
On-facility
automobiles
Tools to assist
live training
• Computer-based training (CBT)
• Instructional simulations
• Remote learning tools
Technology-mediated
training tools
• Firearm simulators
• Use-of-force simulators
• Incident command simulations
Societal/legal
knowledge development
and innovation
Doctrine, tactics,
management, and behavioral
knowledge development
and training
Doctrine and strategy
for carrying out agency
missions
Officer/practitioner
knowledge development
and training
Management/leadership
knowledge development
and training
Technology use
and application
Specialist/technologist
knowledge development
and training
Organizational and
human resources policy
and practices
Acquisition
and technology
decisionmaking
Policies and
knowledge for
carrying out roles
For analytics techniques supporting
decisionmaking in each of these areas,
see information analysis
Policies and
knowledge for
carrying out roles
Technology use
and application
Tactics and
practices
Practices and
tactics
• Riot and crowd control
• Personal combat/martial arts
• Hostage negotiation
• Use-of-force training
• Incident command training
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