Western Carolina University
BCSSE
Institutional Report 2008
Beginning College Survey of
Student Engagement
BCSSE Institutional Report 2008
Introduction
Guide to Your Report
Students enter your campus with a variety of backgrounds and experiences that relate to their academic
engagement and success. The purpose of BCSSE is to provide your campus with valuable and timely
information that will allow you to positively impact the first-year experiences of your students.
The BCSSE Institutional Report 2008 contains three sections that highlight important characteristics
related to your incoming first-year class. The first section of this report describes the background
characteristics of your first-year students who responded to the survey. The second section contains the
frequency distributions for all questions on the survey. Overall results for your institution are presented,
as well as results by gender and first-generation status. The third section contains the overall
institutional means for six BCSSE scales. These scales provide important information regarding high
school academic engagement, expected first-year academic engagement, as well as an assessment of
expected first-year academic performance. Similar to the frequency distributions, the mean differences
are also reported by gender and first-generation status. In total, this report provides your institution with
the best estimates of your incoming first-year student academic characteristics.
Student Comparisons
As described above, your BCSSE Institutional Report 2008 contains results by gender and firstgeneration status. The results are presented by student subgroup because of the importance to better
understand the diversity of student experiences within each campus. With a better understanding of
student variation, you may more effectively target important academic resources to the students who are
in the most need. Though this report only examines group differences by gender and first-generation
status, there are many other important subgroups to consider depending on the unique circumstances of
your campus.
BCSSE Reports
Don't forget that this Institutional Report is one of two reports. BCSSE was designed as a companion to
the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). By participating in NSSE in the spring of 2009,
you will also receive a BCSSE 2008-NSSE 2009 Report that provides a detailed longitudinal analysis of
your first-year students.
Where to Find More Information
To see a sample of the BCSSE 2008-NSSE 2009 Report, go to: www.bcsse.iub.edu. More information
about NSSE, including regsitration deadline, can be found at www.nsse.iub.edu.
BCSSE 2008 Respondent Characteristics
Western Carolina University
Respondents
Count
%
Number of Surveys Completed
477
100
Mode of Completion
Paper
Web
477
0
100
0
When Student Completed BCSSE
Before attending orientation
While attending orientation
After attending orientation
Not applicable, not attending orientation
0
1
415
54
0
0
88
11
Student Characteristics
Enrollment Status
Full-time
Less than full-time
474
1
100
0
269
203
57
43
Race/Ethnicity
American Indian or other Native American
Asian, Asian American, or Pacific Islander
Black or African American
White (non-Hispanic)
Mexican or Mexican American
Puerto Rican
Other Hispanic or Latino
Multiracial
Other
I prefer not to respond
2
2
21
416
2
1
5
9
1
15
0
0
4
88
0
0
1
2
0
3
High School Graduation Year
2005 or earlier
2006
2007
2008
4
1
7
462
1
0
1
97
First Generation Status
Yes
No
199
247
45
55
International or Foreign National Student
Yes
No
7
465
1
99
Gender
Female
Male
Western Carolina University
BCSSE 2008
Frequency Distributions
Interpreting the Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
Variables
The items from the BCSSE survey
appear in the left column of the
report with the same wording as
they appear on the instrument.
Variable Name
Selected Student Comparisons
Institution-Level
The variable name as it
appears in the data file and
codebook.
Results for each item by gender and firstgeneration status.
Results for each item for
the institution overall.
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
NSSEville State University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
You are taking this survey:
Scale
tksrvy
Scale Name
Indicates which scale includes this item (if
applicable).
HSE=High School Academic Engagement
EAE=Expected Academic Engagement
EAP=Expected Academic Perseverance
EAD=Expected Academic Difficulty
PAP=Perceived Academic Preparation
ICE=Importance of Campus Environment
Female
Response Options
Count
%
Before attending orientation
While attending orientation
After attending orientation
N/A, not attending orientation
Total
171
1,009
240
13
1,433
12
70
17
1
100
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
110
531
155
10
806
14
66
19
1
100
60
471
78
3
612
10
77
13
0
100
97
186
119
8
410
24
45
29
2
100
56
769
96
5
926
6
83
10
1
100
Response Options
Count
Column Percentage (%)
Response options
presented as they appear
on the survey.
The actual number of
students who answered
within each response
category.
The percentage of students
responding to the
particular option in each
question.
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
You are taking this survey:
1. Please write in the year you
graduated from high school.
(for example, "2008"):
2. From which type of high
school did you graduate?
(Select only one.)
3. What were most of your high
school grades?
(Select only one.)
tksrvy
hgradyr_r
htype
hgrades
Scale
Response Options
Count
Before attending orientation
While attending orientation
After attending orientation
N/A, not attending orientation
Total
2005 and earlier
2006
2007
2008
Total
Public
Private, religiously-affiliated
Private, independent
Home school
Other (e.g., GED)
Total
C- or lower
C
C+
BB
B+
AA
Grades not used
Total
0
1
415
54
470
4
1
7
462
474
449
15
6
3
2
475
0
4
18
30
93
83
94
149
0
471
1
337
128
466
3
114
331
448
4. To date, in which of the following math classes did you earn a passing grade?
a. Pre-calculus/Trigonometry
hprecalc
Did not pass
Passed
Did not take
Total
b. Calculus
hcalc
Did not pass
Passed
Did not take
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
Female
%
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
0
0
88
11
100
1
0
1
97
100
95
3
1
1
0
100
0
1
4
6
20
18
20
32
0
100
0
1
231
32
264
2
0
2
264
268
258
7
3
1
0
269
0
1
11
14
42
45
56
99
0
268
0
0
88
12
100
1
0
1
99
100
96
3
1
0
0
100
0
0
4
5
16
17
21
37
0
100
0
0
179
22
201
2
1
5
193
201
188
8
3
2
1
202
0
3
7
16
51
36
38
47
0
198
0
0
89
11
100
1
0
2
96
100
93
4
1
1
0
100
0
2
4
8
26
18
19
24
0
100
0
1
164
32
197
2
1
3
191
197
194
3
0
0
1
198
0
0
4
9
46
34
33
72
0
198
0
1
83
16
100
1
1
2
97
100
98
2
0
0
1
100
0
0
2
5
23
17
17
36
0
100
0
0
224
19
243
1
0
2
243
246
230
9
6
2
0
247
0
2
11
18
44
41
55
72
0
243
0
0
92
8
100
0
0
1
99
100
93
4
2
1
0
100
0
1
5
7
18
17
23
30
0
100
0
72
27
100
1
25
74
100
0
190
73
263
1
61
193
255
0
72
28
100
0
24
76
100
1
143
54
198
1
51
136
188
1
72
27
100
1
27
72
100
0
145
53
198
2
50
134
186
0
73
27
100
1
27
72
100
0
176
64
240
1
58
175
234
0
73
27
100
0
25
75
100
6
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
c. Probability or Statistics
hstats
Scale
Response Options
Count
Did not pass
Passed
Did not take
Total
5. During high school, how many years of the following subjects did you complete?
a. English/Literature
heng
0 years
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 or more years
Total
b. Math
hmath
0 years
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 or more years
c. Science
hsci
0 years
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 or more years
d. History/Social Sciences
hhist
0 years
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 or more years
Total
Total
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
Female
%
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
0
134
306
440
0
30
70
100
0
81
171
252
0
32
68
100
0
52
132
184
0
28
72
100
0
49
135
184
0
27
73
100
0
81
149
230
0
35
65
100
0
0
1
4
456
12
473
0
0
0
22
395
54
471
0
0
8
174
244
44
470
0
1
9
235
200
25
470
0
0
0
1
96
3
100
0
0
0
5
84
11
100
0
0
2
37
52
9
100
0
0
2
50
43
5
100
0
0
1
3
255
8
267
0
0
0
13
223
31
267
0
0
5
98
139
24
266
0
0
2
132
116
16
266
0
0
0
1
96
3
100
0
0
0
5
84
12
100
0
0
2
37
52
9
100
0
0
1
50
44
6
100
0
0
0
1
196
4
201
0
0
0
8
169
22
199
0
0
3
75
101
20
199
0
1
7
100
82
9
199
0
0
0
0
98
2
100
0
0
0
4
85
11
100
0
0
2
38
51
10
100
0
1
4
50
41
5
100
0
0
0
1
191
4
196
0
0
0
10
162
24
196
0
0
1
77
97
21
196
0
0
6
102
77
10
195
0
0
0
1
97
2
100
0
0
0
5
83
12
100
0
0
1
39
49
11
100
0
0
3
52
39
5
100
0
0
1
2
236
8
247
0
0
0
12
206
29
247
0
0
6
90
131
20
247
0
0
3
118
111
15
247
0
0
0
1
96
3
100
0
0
0
5
83
12
100
0
0
2
36
53
8
100
0
0
1
48
45
6
100
7
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
e. Foreign Language
Scale
hforlan
Response Options
Count
0 years
1 year
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 or more years
Total
6. During high school, how many of the following types of classes did you complete?
a. Advanced Placement (AP)
hapcl
0 classes
classes
1 class
2 classes
3 classes
4 classes
5 or more classes
Total
b. Honors classes (not AP) taught
at your high school
hhonor
0 classes
1 class
2 classes
3 classes
4 classes
5 or more classes
Total
7. During your last year of high school, about how much reading and writing did you do?
a. Assigned reading (textbooks or
hreadasg
HSE
None
other course materials)
Very little
Some
Quite a bit
Very much
Total
b. Writing short papers or reports
(5 or fewer pages)
hwrite5
HSE
None
Very little
Some
Quite a bit
Very much
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
Female
%
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
0
22
272
123
43
10
470
0
5
58
26
9
2
100
0
13
149
73
23
6
264
0
5
56
28
9
2
100
0
9
119
49
20
4
201
0
4
59
24
10
2
100
0
13
112
50
16
4
195
0
7
57
26
8
2
100
0
6
140
71
25
4
246
0
2
57
29
10
2
100
161
76
80
56
35
39
447
32
24
32
30
49
302
469
36
17
18
13
8
9
100
7
5
7
6
10
64
100
86
45
39
38
22
27
257
18
12
18
10
24
183
265
33
18
15
15
9
11
100
7
5
7
4
9
69
100
74
31
40
18
11
12
186
14
12
14
20
24
115
199
40
17
22
10
6
6
100
7
6
7
10
12
58
100
64
33
32
22
14
21
186
11
7
17
8
18
136
197
34
18
17
12
8
11
100
6
4
9
4
9
69
100
85
40
45
32
18
17
237
18
13
11
18
29
155
244
36
17
19
14
8
7
100
7
5
5
7
12
64
100
7
53
153
157
104
474
8
49
157
153
106
473
1
11
32
33
22
100
2
10
33
32
22
100
1
27
75
90
75
268
1
24
88
92
64
269
0
10
28
34
28
100
0
9
33
34
24
100
6
26
77
65
27
201
7
25
68
58
41
199
3
13
38
32
13
100
4
13
34
29
21
100
2
24
60
61
51
198
1
25
60
66
47
199
1
12
30
31
26
100
1
13
30
33
24
100
3
25
84
87
47
246
6
19
84
82
53
244
1
10
34
35
19
100
2
8
34
34
22
100
8
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
hwrite5m
HSE
Response Options
Female
Yes
No
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
35
90
87
38
18
268
13
34
32
14
7
100
25
80
57
29
8
199
13
40
29
15
4
100
24
74
63
26
11
198
12
37
32
13
6
100
29
86
75
39
15
244
12
35
31
16
6
100
8. During your last year of high school, about how many hours did you spend in a typical 7-day week doing each of the following?
a. Preparing for class (studying,
hacadpr
HSE
0 hours per week
18
4
5
doing homework, rehearsing,
1-5 hours per week
242
51
123
etc.)
6-10 hours per week
124
26
72
11-15 hours per week
41
9
27
16-20 hours per week
32
7
24
21-25 hours per week
8
2
7
26-30 hours per week
6
1
5
More than 30 hours per week
5
1
5
Total
476
100
268
b. Working for pay (before or
hwork
0 hours per week
148
31
85
after school, weekends)
1-5 hours per week
48
10
26
6-10 hours per week
46
10
29
11-15 hours per week
63
13
35
16-20 hours per week
74
16
46
21-25 hours per week
52
11
27
26-30 hours per week
25
5
13
More than 30 hours per week
20
4
7
Total
476
100
268
c. Participating in co-curricular
hcocurr
0 hours per week
28
6
9
activities (arts, clubs, athletics,
1-5 hours per week
111
23
72
etc.)
6-10 hours per week
94
20
60
11-15 hours per week
94
20
52
16-20 hours per week
63
13
34
21-25 hours per week
42
9
18
26-30 hours per week
18
4
10
More than 30 hours per week
27
6
14
Total
477
100
269
2
46
27
10
9
3
2
2
100
32
10
11
13
17
10
5
3
100
3
27
22
19
13
7
4
5
100
12
118
51
13
8
1
0
0
203
62
21
17
26
28
24
12
13
203
18
38
33
41
29
23
8
13
203
6
58
25
6
4
0
0
0
100
31
10
8
13
14
12
6
6
100
9
19
16
20
14
11
4
6
100
6
102
42
24
17
2
3
3
199
55
12
18
33
36
23
9
12
198
15
56
35
35
23
12
10
13
199
3
51
21
12
9
1
2
2
100
28
6
9
17
18
12
5
6
100
8
28
18
18
12
6
5
7
100
11
119
78
14
14
6
2
2
246
84
30
25
29
35
25
14
5
247
10
50
50
55
38
25
6
13
247
4
48
32
6
6
2
1
1
100
34
12
10
12
14
10
6
2
100
4
20
20
22
15
10
2
5
100
None
Very little
Some
Quite a bit
Very much
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
60
171
147
68
26
472
%
Male
Count
c. Writing longer papers or
reports (more than 5 pages)
Count
13
36
31
14
6
100
9
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
d. Relaxing and socializing
(watching TV, partying, etc.)
Scale
hsocial
Response Options
Count
0 hours per week
1-5 hours per week
6-10 hours per week
11-15 hours per week
16-20 hours per week
21-25 hours per week
26-30 hours per week
More than 30 hours per week
Total
0
113
135
100
66
29
8
26
477
4
100
172
199
475
8
179
212
76
475
149
283
25
17
474
30
184
183
77
474
8
146
235
86
475
9. During your last year of high school, about how often did you do each of the following?
a. Asked questions in class or
hclquest
HSE
Never
contributed to class
Sometimes
discussions
Often
Very often
Total
b. Made a class presentation
hclprese
HSE
c. Came to class without
completing readings or
assignments
hclunpre
d. Discussed grades or
assignments with a teacher
hfacgrad
HSE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
e. Worked with other students
on projects during class
hclassgr
HSE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
Total
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
Female
%
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
0
24
28
21
14
6
2
5
100
0
77
82
56
26
14
4
10
269
0
29
30
21
10
5
1
4
100
0
36
52
42
38
15
4
16
203
0
18
26
21
19
7
2
8
100
0
54
55
41
24
11
3
11
199
0
27
28
21
12
6
2
6
100
0
54
74
56
31
18
2
12
247
0
22
30
23
13
7
1
5
100
1
21
36
42
100
2
38
45
16
100
31
60
5
4
100
6
39
39
16
100
2
31
49
18
100
3
54
88
124
269
6
88
125
50
269
107
143
12
7
269
18
110
94
47
269
6
79
128
56
269
1
20
33
46
100
2
33
46
19
100
40
53
4
3
100
7
41
35
17
100
2
29
48
21
100
1
44
82
74
201
2
89
85
25
201
40
137
13
10
200
12
72
88
28
200
2
67
102
30
201
0
22
41
37
100
1
44
42
12
100
20
69
7
5
100
6
36
44
14
100
1
33
51
15
100
1
42
65
91
199
2
78
91
28
199
72
112
9
6
199
18
72
74
35
199
2
57
102
38
199
1
21
33
46
100
1
39
46
14
100
36
56
5
3
100
9
36
37
18
100
1
29
51
19
100
3
46
98
98
245
6
86
111
42
245
71
150
14
9
244
10
98
97
39
244
6
78
118
43
245
1
19
40
40
100
2
35
45
17
100
29
61
6
4
100
4
40
40
16
100
2
32
48
18
100
10
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
f. Worked with classmates
outside of class to prepare
class assignments
hoccgrp
HSE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
g. Prepared two or more drafts of
a paper or assignment before
turning it in
hrewropa
HSE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
h. Had serious conversations
with students of a different
race or ehtnicity than your own
hdivrstu
i. Discussed ideas from your
readings or classes with
teachers outside of class
hfacidea
HSE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
j. Discussed ideas from your
readings or classes with others
outside of class (students,
family members, etc.)
hoocidea
HSE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
k. Talked with a counselor,
teacher, or other staff member
about college or career plans
hfacplan
l. Had serious conversations
with students who are very
different from you in terms of
their religious beliefs, political
opinions, or personal values
hdiffstu
Response Options
Count
Total
Total
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
Total
Total
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
a
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
95
262
84
33
474
84
198
128
65
475
69
152
129
124
474
150
226
59
40
475
59
227
119
70
475
35
209
155
76
475
54
190
130
100
474
Female
%
20
55
18
7
100
18
42
27
14
100
15
32
27
26
100
32
48
12
8
100
12
48
25
15
100
7
44
33
16
100
11
40
27
21
100
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
53
147
52
17
269
38
115
73
43
269
38
102
64
65
269
90
122
34
23
269
26
125
74
44
269
15
111
92
51
269
27
102
81
59
269
20
55
19
6
100
14
43
27
16
100
14
38
24
24
100
33
45
13
9
100
10
46
28
16
100
6
41
34
19
100
10
38
30
22
100
42
114
28
16
200
46
81
53
21
201
31
49
64
56
200
58
102
25
16
201
32
101
43
25
201
19
95
62
25
201
26
85
49
40
200
21
57
14
8
100
23
40
26
10
100
16
25
32
28
100
29
51
12
8
100
16
50
21
12
100
9
47
31
12
100
13
43
25
20
100
41
111
32
15
199
32
90
49
28
199
30
67
54
47
198
58
100
26
15
199
23
100
52
24
199
13
80
66
40
199
23
83
51
42
199
21
56
16
8
100
16
45
25
14
100
15
34
27
24
100
29
50
13
8
100
12
50
26
12
100
7
40
33
20
100
12
42
26
21
100
47
134
49
15
245
45
92
75
33
245
31
80
66
68
245
81
114
27
23
245
32
111
60
42
245
19
115
82
29
245
26
95
72
52
245
19
55
20
6
100
18
38
31
13
100
13
33
27
28
100
33
47
11
9
100
13
45
24
17
100
8
47
33
12
100
11
39
29
21
100
11
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
Response Options
Female
Yes
No
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
15
74
6
4
100
0
100
100
9
20
24
21
17
7
3
100
49
195
12
12
268
0
266
266
18
37
42
47
31
14
5
194
18
73
4
4
100
0
100
100
9
19
22
24
16
7
3
100
24
150
17
8
199
0
196
196
13
33
43
27
29
10
6
161
12
75
9
4
100
0
100
100
8
20
27
17
18
6
4
100
33
149
7
8
197
0
196
196
13
33
43
27
23
6
5
150
17
76
4
4
100
0
100
100
9
22
29
18
15
4
3
100
36
179
18
11
244
0
241
241
15
33
36
44
36
17
7
188
15
73
7
5
100
0
100
100
8
18
19
23
19
9
4
100
11. During your high school years, how involved were you in the following activities at your school or elsewhere?
a. Performing or visual arts
hinvarts
1 Not involved
201
43
programs (band, chorus,
2
54
11
theater, art, etc.)
3
37
8
4
28
6
5
34
7
6 Highly involved
118
25
Total
472
100
b. Athletic teams (varsity, junior
hinvathl
1 Not involved
123
26
varsity, club sport, etc.)
2
39
8
3
38
8
4
31
7
5
35
7
6 Highly involved
208
44
Total
474
100
92
27
22
19
15
92
267
83
24
25
16
18
103
269
34
10
8
7
6
34
100
31
9
9
6
7
38
100
106
26
15
9
19
25
200
39
15
12
15
17
103
201
53
13
8
5
10
13
100
19
7
6
7
8
51
100
84
26
17
11
8
52
198
63
22
17
12
12
72
198
42
13
9
6
4
26
100
32
11
9
6
6
36
100
99
27
17
14
25
61
243
54
17
18
17
20
119
245
41
11
7
6
10
25
100
22
7
7
7
8
49
100
hmisssch
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
10. Did you take the SAT and/or
ACT?
hsatact
No
Yes
Total
a. SAT Composite Score
(SAT/ACT scores convertd to
SAT scale and recoded into
categories)
SAT_ACTr
900 or lower
901 - 1000
1001 - 1100
1101 - 1200
1201 - 1300
1301 - 1400
1401 - 1600
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
73
350
29
20
472
0
467
467
31
71
85
74
61
24
12
358
%
Male
Count
m. Missed a day of school
Count
12
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
Response Options
c. Student government
hstugov
d. Publications (student
newspaper, yearbook, etc.)
hinvpubs
1 Not involved
2
3
4
5
6 Highly involved
e. Academic honor societies
hinvhono
1 Not involved
2
3
4
5
6 Highly involved
f. Academic clubs (debate,
mathematics, science, etc.)
hinvaccl
1 Not involved
2
3
4
5
6 Highly involved
g. Vocational clubs (business,
health, technology, etc.)
hinvvccl
1 Not involved
2
3
4
5
6 Highly involved
Count
1 Not involved
2
3
4
5
6 Highly involved
Total
Total
Total
Total
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
332
48
35
18
8
30
471
344
49
26
16
12
22
469
176
53
55
53
56
78
471
282
52
47
34
24
30
469
287
46
37
36
29
37
472
Female
%
70
10
7
4
2
6
100
73
10
6
3
3
5
100
37
11
12
11
12
17
100
60
11
10
7
5
6
100
61
10
8
8
6
8
100
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
182
27
19
12
7
19
266
192
23
15
12
8
16
266
82
25
35
33
43
49
267
146
33
27
24
15
22
267
154
23
25
23
21
21
267
68
10
7
5
3
7
100
72
9
6
5
3
6
100
31
9
13
12
16
18
100
55
12
10
9
6
8
100
58
9
9
9
8
8
100
146
20
16
6
1
11
200
148
26
11
3
4
6
198
92
28
20
20
12
27
199
132
19
20
10
8
8
197
129
23
11
13
8
16
200
73
10
8
3
1
6
100
75
13
6
2
2
3
100
46
14
10
10
6
14
100
67
10
10
5
4
4
100
65
12
6
7
4
8
100
138
20
16
6
5
13
198
145
18
7
12
5
10
197
64
16
25
29
21
40
195
115
15
20
21
11
14
196
112
14
20
16
16
19
197
70
10
8
3
3
7
100
74
9
4
6
3
5
100
33
8
13
15
11
21
100
59
8
10
11
6
7
100
57
7
10
8
8
10
100
168
26
17
12
3
16
242
173
28
18
4
6
12
241
94
32
27
23
34
35
245
142
35
25
13
13
15
243
154
29
15
19
12
15
244
69
11
7
5
1
7
100
72
12
7
2
2
5
100
38
13
11
9
14
14
100
58
14
10
5
5
6
100
63
12
6
8
5
6
100
13
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
Response Options
Female
Yes
No
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
107
23
27
22
25
65
269
2
15
56
112
72
11
268
40
9
10
8
9
24
100
1
6
21
42
27
4
100
99
21
19
17
17
28
201
13
28
52
71
30
5
199
49
10
9
8
8
14
100
7
14
26
36
15
3
100
91
20
19
10
21
38
199
10
24
50
75
34
6
199
46
10
10
5
11
19
100
5
12
25
38
17
3
100
97
23
25
26
21
53
245
3
19
49
98
63
11
243
40
9
10
11
9
22
100
1
8
20
40
26
5
100
13. During the coming school year, about how many hours do you think you will spend in a typical 7-day week doing each of the following?
a. Preparing for class (studying,
cacadpr
EAE
0 hours per week
0
0
0
0
reading, writing, doing
1-5 hours per week
23
5
10
4
homework or lab work,
6-10 hours per week
91
19
40
15
analyzing data, rehearsing, and
11-15 hours per week
147
31
88
33
other academic activities)
16-20 hours per week
117
25
69
26
21-25 hours per week
52
11
33
12
26-30 hours per week
32
7
22
8
More than 30 hours per week
7
1
4
2
Total
469
100
266
100
b. Working for pay on- or offcwork
0 hours per week
50
135
50
239
campus
1-5 hours per week
58
12
35
13
6-10 hours per week
81
17
46
17
11-15 hours per week
44
9
22
8
16-20 hours per week
30
6
17
6
21-25 hours per week
18
4
11
4
26-30 hours per week
1
0
1
0
More than 30 hours per week
3
1
2
1
Total
474
100
269
100
0
13
51
58
46
19
10
3
200
103
20
35
22
13
7
0
1
201
0
7
26
29
23
10
5
2
100
51
10
17
11
6
3
0
0
100
0
9
33
59
54
22
17
4
198
92
19
35
24
18
8
0
3
199
0
5
17
30
27
11
9
2
100
46
10
18
12
9
4
0
2
100
0
12
46
84
58
26
13
2
241
129
36
43
18
11
7
1
0
245
0
5
19
35
24
11
5
1
100
53
15
18
7
4
3
0
0
100
hrelgrp
1 Not involved
2
3
4
5
6 Highly involved
Total
12. Overall, how academically
challenging was your high
school?
hacachal
1 Not at all challenging
2
3
4
5
6 Extremely challenging
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
208
45
46
39
43
94
475
15
44
109
184
102
18
472
%
Male
Count
h. Religious youth groups
Count
44
9
10
8
9
20
100
3
9
23
39
22
4
100
14
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
Response Options
Count
0 hours per week
1-5 hours per week
6-10 hours per week
11-15 hours per week
16-20 hours per week
21-25 hours per week
26-30 hours per week
More than 30 hours per week
Total
0 hours per week
1-5 hours per week
6-10 hours per week
11-15 hours per week
16-20 hours per week
21-25 hours per week
26-30 hours per week
More than 30 hours per week
Total
39
147
131
79
31
19
15
12
473
3
97
172
118
54
16
7
7
474
14. During the coming school year, about how often do you expect to do each of the following?
a. Ask questions in class or
cclquest
EAE
Never
contribute to class discussions
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
b. Make a class presentation
cclprese
EAE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
c. Work on a paper or project
cintegra
Never
that requires integrating ideas
Sometimes
or information from various
Often
sources
Very often
Total
2
119
205
148
474
3
185
220
65
473
0
59
219
196
474
c. Participating in co-curricular
activities (organizations,
campus publications, student
government, fraternity or
sorority, intercollegiate or
intramural sports, etc.)
ccocurr
d. Relaxing or socializing
(watching TV, partying, etc.)
csocial
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
Female
%
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
8
31
28
17
7
4
3
3
100
1
20
36
25
11
3
1
1
100
16
85
79
52
12
14
8
2
268
1
56
109
60
27
7
5
4
269
6
32
29
19
4
5
3
1
100
0
21
41
22
10
3
2
1
100
23
60
51
26
19
5
7
10
201
2
41
63
56
25
9
2
3
201
11
30
25
13
9
2
3
5
100
1
20
31
28
12
4
1
1
100
20
71
55
34
9
2
3
5
199
3
36
80
43
25
7
3
2
199
10
36
28
17
5
1
2
3
100
2
18
40
22
13
4
2
1
100
14
68
68
41
21
16
11
5
244
0
54
84
67
24
8
4
4
245
6
28
28
17
9
7
5
2
100
0
22
34
27
10
3
2
2
100
0
25
43
31
100
1
39
47
14
100
0
12
46
41
100
1
70
112
86
269
1
108
122
38
269
0
30
121
118
269
0
26
42
32
100
0
40
45
14
100
0
11
45
44
100
1
47
92
61
201
2
75
96
27
200
0
28
97
76
201
0
23
46
30
100
1
38
48
14
100
0
14
48
38
100
0
57
81
61
199
1
83
90
25
199
0
24
84
91
199
0
29
41
31
100
1
42
45
13
100
0
12
42
46
100
2
56
108
80
246
2
82
122
39
245
0
27
121
98
246
1
23
44
33
100
1
33
50
16
100
0
11
49
40
100
15
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
d. Work with other students on
projects during class
cclassgr
EAE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
e. Work with classmates outside
of class to prepare class
assignments
coccgrp
EAE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
f. Put together ideas or concepts
from different courses when
completing assignments or
during class discussions
cintidea
g. Discuss grades or assignments
with an instructor
cfacgrad
EAE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
h. Discuss ideas from your
readings or classes with faculty
members outside of class
cfacidea
EAE
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
i. Receive prompt feedback from
faculty on your academic
performance (written or oral)
cfacfeed
j. Work with faculty members on
activities other than
coursework (committees,
orientation, student life
activities, etc.)
cfacothe
Response Options
Count
Total
Total
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
Total
Total
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
a
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Total
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
15
186
197
75
473
12
193
183
87
475
8
141
217
107
473
7
202
175
89
473
60
259
109
47
475
9
134
235
97
475
61
259
107
46
473
Female
%
3
39
42
16
100
3
41
39
18
100
2
30
46
23
100
1
43
37
19
100
13
55
23
10
100
2
28
49
20
100
13
55
23
10
100
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
12
99
116
42
269
8
106
102
53
269
2
73
123
70
268
4
111
99
55
269
35
141
67
26
269
3
75
133
58
269
30
148
62
28
268
4
37
43
16
100
3
39
38
20
100
1
27
46
26
100
1
41
37
20
100
13
52
25
10
100
1
28
49
22
100
11
55
23
10
100
3
85
80
33
201
4
85
79
34
202
6
67
92
36
201
3
90
76
33
202
25
115
41
21
202
6
56
102
38
202
29
111
43
18
201
1
42
40
16
100
2
42
39
17
100
3
33
46
18
100
1
45
38
16
100
12
57
20
10
100
3
28
50
19
100
14
55
21
9
100
5
76
88
29
198
5
91
65
38
199
0
63
87
49
199
3
86
74
35
198
26
104
46
23
199
3
56
93
47
199
19
115
45
19
198
3
38
44
15
100
3
46
33
19
100
0
32
44
25
100
2
43
37
18
100
13
52
23
12
100
2
28
47
24
100
10
58
23
10
100
10
96
96
43
245
5
91
105
45
246
8
68
114
54
244
3
100
89
53
245
31
134
59
22
246
4
66
130
46
246
35
130
56
25
246
4
39
39
18
100
2
37
43
18
100
3
28
47
22
100
1
41
36
22
100
13
54
24
9
100
2
27
53
19
100
14
53
23
10
100
16
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
k. Discuss ideas from your
readings or classes with others
outside of class (students,
family members, co-workers,
etc.)
coocidea
EAE
l. Have serious conversations
with students of a different
race or ethnicity than your own
cdivrstu
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
m. Try to better understand
someone else's views by
imagining how an issue looks
from his or her perspective
cothrvie
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
n. Learn something that changes
the way you understand an
issue or idea
cchngvie
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
o. Have serious conversations
with students who are very
different from you in terms of
their religious beliefs, political
opinions, or personal values
cdiffstu
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Response Options
Count
Never
Sometimes
Often
Very often
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Total
29
190
173
82
474
29
165
154
126
474
7
123
192
151
473
3
120
208
141
472
21
159
155
138
473
6
40
36
17
100
6
35
32
27
100
1
26
41
32
100
1
25
44
30
100
4
34
33
29
100
13
95
115
46
269
14
102
87
66
269
1
60
116
92
269
1
59
121
86
267
7
87
94
81
269
5
35
43
17
100
5
38
32
25
100
0
22
43
34
100
0
22
45
32
100
3
32
35
30
100
16
93
58
34
201
15
61
65
60
201
6
61
76
58
201
2
58
86
55
201
14
69
61
56
200
8
46
29
17
100
7
30
32
30
100
3
30
38
29
100
1
29
43
27
100
7
35
31
28
100
10
85
75
29
199
13
71
67
48
199
3
51
84
60
198
0
53
84
61
198
7
70
66
55
198
5
43
38
15
100
7
36
34
24
100
2
26
42
30
100
0
27
42
31
100
4
35
33
28
100
15
94
88
48
245
13
85
79
69
246
4
58
98
85
245
3
57
112
72
244
8
77
84
76
245
6
38
36
20
100
5
35
32
28
100
2
24
40
35
100
1
23
46
30
100
3
31
34
31
100
Total
1
19
101
169
111
73
474
0
4
21
36
23
15
100
1
6
48
94
73
46
268
0
2
18
35
27
17
100
0
13
51
74
37
27
202
0
6
25
37
18
13
100
0
7
40
76
44
31
198
0
4
20
38
22
16
100
1
12
53
85
58
37
246
0
5
22
35
24
15
100
Total
Total
Total
Total
15. During the coming school year, how certain are you that you will do the following?
a. Study when there are other
cotherint
EAP
1 Not at all certain
interesting things to do
2
3
4
5
6 Very certain
a
Female
%
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
17
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
b. Find additional information for
course assignments when you
don't understand the material
cfindinfo
EAP
c. Participate regularly in course
discussions, even when you
don't feel like it
ccourdis
EAP
1 Not at all certain
2
3
4
5
6 Very certain
d. Ask instructors for help when
you struggle with course
assignments
caskinst
EAP
1 Not at all certain
2
3
4
5
6 Very certain
e. Finish something you have
started when you encounter
challenges
cfinish
EAP
1 Not at all certain
2
3
4
5
6 Very certain
cstaypos
EAP
1 Not at all certain
2
3
4
5
6 Very certain
Response Options
Count
1 Not at all certain
2
3
4
5
6 Very certain
Total
Total
Total
Total
f. Stay positive, even when you
do poorly on a test assignment
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
3
16
58
157
153
86
473
9
25
97
144
131
67
473
4
13
54
104
146
152
473
2
5
32
85
202
146
472
6
21
58
130
133
124
472
Female
%
1
3
12
33
32
18
100
2
5
21
30
28
14
100
1
3
11
22
31
32
100
0
1
7
18
43
31
100
1
4
12
28
28
26
100
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
1
4
25
82
98
57
267
5
14
42
93
79
34
267
2
6
30
63
76
90
267
1
3
15
53
111
83
266
3
13
36
80
76
58
266
0
1
9
31
37
21
100
2
5
16
35
30
13
100
1
2
11
24
28
34
100
0
1
6
20
42
31
100
1
5
14
30
29
22
100
2
12
32
73
54
29
202
4
10
54
50
52
32
202
2
7
22
40
69
62
202
1
2
16
32
89
62
202
3
8
22
47
57
65
202
1
6
16
36
27
14
100
2
5
27
25
26
16
100
1
3
11
20
34
31
100
0
1
8
16
44
31
100
1
4
11
23
28
32
100
2
3
30
61
61
40
197
3
10
42
67
52
23
197
2
4
19
45
65
62
197
1
2
9
40
83
62
197
0
9
26
53
58
51
197
1
2
15
31
31
20
100
2
5
21
34
26
12
100
1
2
10
23
33
31
100
1
1
5
20
42
31
100
0
5
13
27
29
26
100
1
11
26
85
82
41
246
5
14
48
69
70
40
246
2
7
32
56
69
80
246
1
3
22
40
106
73
245
4
12
29
72
62
66
245
0
4
11
35
33
17
100
2
6
20
28
28
16
100
1
3
13
23
28
33
100
0
1
9
16
43
30
100
2
5
12
29
25
27
100
18
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
Response Options
Count
16. During the coming school year, how difficult do you expect the following to be?
a. Learning course material
clearnma
EAD
1 Not at all difficult
2
3
4
5
6 Very difficult
Total
b. Managing your time
cmantime
c. Paying college expenses
cpaycoll
d. Getting help with school work
cgethelp
e. Making new friends
cmakefr
EAD
1 Not at all difficult
2
3
4
5
6 Very difficult
Total
1 Not at all difficult
2
3
4
5
6 Very difficult
Total
EAD
1 Not at all difficult
2
3
4
5
6 Very difficult
Total
1 Not at all difficult
2
3
4
5
6 Very difficult
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
10
31
100
235
82
15
473
11
31
75
154
132
71
474
101
85
88
67
76
57
474
61
159
128
92
29
4
473
146
128
89
56
34
21
474
Female
%
2
7
21
50
17
3
100
2
7
16
32
28
15
100
21
18
19
14
16
12
100
13
34
27
19
6
1
100
31
27
19
12
7
4
100
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
8
12
53
130
55
10
268
8
20
42
80
76
42
268
46
50
50
32
52
38
268
40
92
65
57
10
3
267
78
66
56
36
19
13
268
3
4
20
49
21
4
100
3
7
16
30
28
16
100
17
19
19
12
19
14
100
15
34
24
21
4
1
100
29
25
21
13
7
5
100
2
18
47
102
27
5
201
3
10
32
72
56
29
202
55
33
37
35
24
18
202
21
65
62
35
18
1
202
67
60
33
20
14
8
202
1
9
23
51
13
2
100
1
5
16
36
28
14
100
27
16
18
17
12
9
100
10
32
31
17
9
0
100
33
30
16
10
7
4
100
6
12
40
99
34
6
197
7
15
33
61
53
29
198
36
36
38
20
39
29
198
30
65
50
38
12
3
198
60
47
39
23
20
9
198
3
6
20
50
17
3
100
4
8
17
31
27
15
100
18
18
19
10
20
15
100
15
33
25
19
6
2
100
30
24
20
12
10
5
100
4
18
52
120
43
9
246
3
16
34
85
70
38
246
59
43
45
41
32
26
246
29
88
64
49
14
1
245
79
71
43
30
14
9
246
2
7
21
49
17
4
100
1
7
14
35
28
15
100
24
17
18
17
13
11
100
12
36
26
20
6
0
100
32
29
17
12
6
4
100
19
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
f. Interacting with faculty
Variable
Scale
cintfac
EAD
Response Options
Count
1 Not at all difficult
2
3
4
5
6 Very difficult
Total
17. How prepared are you to do the following in your academic work at this college?
a. Write clearly and effectively
cgnwrite
PAP
1 Not at all prepared
2
3
4
5
6 Very prepared
Total
b. Speak clearly and effectively
cgnspeak
PAP
1 Not at all prepared
2
3
4
5
6 Very prepared
c. Think critically and
analytically
cgnanaly
PAP
1 Not at all prepared
2
3
4
5
6 Very prepared
d. Analyze math or quantitative
problems
cgnquant
PAP
1 Not at all prepared
2
3
4
5
6 Very prepared
Total
Total
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
Female
%
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
82
113
145
88
36
11
475
17
24
31
19
8
2
100
45
56
86
52
23
6
268
17
21
32
19
9
2
100
37
56
57
34
13
5
202
18
28
28
17
6
2
100
29
48
71
31
15
4
198
15
24
36
16
8
2
100
50
57
63
50
19
7
246
20
23
26
20
8
3
100
11
22
91
159
122
69
474
6
21
69
145
135
98
474
8
11
63
167
133
92
474
14
42
102
132
107
77
474
2
5
19
34
26
15
100
1
4
15
31
28
21
100
2
2
13
35
28
19
100
3
9
22
28
23
16
100
4
5
45
90
80
44
268
2
11
34
81
81
59
268
3
7
33
104
75
46
268
9
34
60
74
55
36
268
1
2
17
34
30
16
100
1
4
13
30
30
22
100
1
3
12
39
28
17
100
3
13
22
28
21
13
100
7
17
46
67
40
25
202
4
10
33
64
52
39
202
5
4
30
62
56
45
202
5
8
42
56
51
40
202
3
8
23
33
20
12
100
2
5
16
32
26
19
100
2
2
15
31
28
22
100
2
4
21
28
25
20
100
5
9
43
60
48
33
198
1
11
32
60
45
49
198
3
3
28
78
48
38
198
8
16
33
62
47
32
198
3
5
22
30
24
17
100
1
6
16
30
23
25
100
2
2
14
39
24
19
100
4
8
17
31
24
16
100
6
10
35
94
68
33
246
5
9
31
74
81
46
246
4
6
29
81
76
50
246
5
23
60
64
54
40
246
2
4
14
38
28
13
100
2
4
13
30
33
19
100
2
2
12
33
31
20
100
2
9
24
26
22
16
100
20
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
e. Use computing and
information technology
cgncompt
PAP
f. Work effectively with others
cgnother
PAP
1 Not at all prepared
2
3
4
5
6 Very prepared
g. Learn effectively on your own
cgninq
PAP
1 Not at all prepared
2
3
4
5
6 Very prepared
Response Options
Count
1 Not at all prepared
2
3
4
5
6 Very prepared
Total
Total
Total
18. How important is it to you that your college or university provides each of the following?
a. A challenging academic
cenvscho
ICE
1 Not important
experience
2
3
4
5
6 Very important
Total
b. Support to help you succeed
academically
cenvsupr
ICE
1 Not important
2
3
4
5
6 Very important
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
Female
%
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
5
24
66
132
130
117
474
4
3
29
109
167
162
474
3
12
43
128
150
137
473
1
5
14
28
27
25
100
1
1
6
23
35
34
100
1
3
9
27
32
29
100
3
16
42
81
73
53
268
3
1
13
62
89
100
268
2
4
24
75
79
84
268
1
6
16
30
27
20
100
1
0
5
23
33
37
100
1
1
9
28
29
31
100
2
8
23
50
56
63
202
1
2
16
46
77
60
202
1
8
19
52
69
52
201
1
4
11
25
28
31
100
0
1
8
23
38
30
100
0
4
9
26
34
26
100
2
8
33
48
52
55
198
2
0
12
52
64
68
198
1
2
19
58
58
59
197
1
4
17
24
26
28
100
1
0
6
26
32
34
100
1
1
10
29
29
30
100
3
14
30
75
69
55
246
2
2
14
51
93
84
246
2
9
19
61
86
69
246
1
6
12
30
28
22
100
1
1
6
21
38
34
100
1
4
8
25
35
28
100
3
12
64
159
146
92
476
2
0
14
69
133
258
476
1
3
13
33
31
19
100
0
0
3
14
28
54
100
1
4
28
92
83
61
269
1
0
4
34
70
160
269
0
1
10
34
31
23
100
0
0
1
13
26
59
100
2
8
35
66
62
30
203
1
0
10
34
63
95
203
1
4
17
33
31
15
100
0
0
5
17
31
47
100
1
4
31
67
55
41
199
1
0
9
29
52
108
199
1
2
16
34
28
21
100
1
0
5
15
26
54
100
1
7
25
83
84
47
247
1
0
5
37
70
134
247
0
3
10
34
34
19
100
0
0
2
15
28
54
100
21
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
c. Opportunities to interact with
students from different
economic, social, and racial or
ethnic backgrounds
cenvdivr
ICE
d. Assistance coping with your
non-academic responsibilities
(work, family, etc.)
cenvnaca
ICE
1 Not important
2
3
4
5
6 Very important
e. Support to help you thrive
socially
cenvsoca
ICE
1 Not important
2
3
4
5
6 Very important
f. Opportunities to attend
campus events and activities
cenveven
ICE
1 Not important
2
3
4
5
6 Very important
Response Options
Count
1 Not important
2
3
4
5
6 Very important
Total
Total
Total
Total
6
15
49
116
130
158
474
12
25
87
132
120
100
476
13
32
59
124
150
98
476
8
7
24
90
152
195
476
Female
%
1
3
10
24
27
33
100
3
5
18
28
25
21
100
3
7
12
26
32
21
100
2
1
5
19
32
41
100
Male
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
No
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
2
7
19
61
79
101
269
3
11
35
72
83
65
269
4
10
28
67
96
64
269
1
2
10
46
85
125
269
1
3
7
23
29
38
100
1
4
13
27
31
24
100
1
4
10
25
36
24
100
0
1
4
17
32
46
100
4
8
30
52
50
57
201
9
14
51
59
35
35
203
9
22
31
54
54
33
203
7
5
14
43
65
69
203
2
4
15
26
25
28
100
4
7
25
29
17
17
100
4
11
15
27
27
16
100
3
2
7
21
32
34
100
4
8
19
49
56
63
199
7
8
39
56
45
44
199
9
10
28
51
58
43
199
4
3
14
38
63
77
199
2
4
10
25
28
32
100
4
4
20
28
23
22
100
5
5
14
26
29
22
100
2
2
7
19
32
39
100
2
6
24
60
71
82
245
4
14
43
68
69
49
247
3
17
27
64
86
50
247
3
4
10
43
76
111
247
1
2
10
24
29
33
100
2
6
17
28
28
20
100
1
7
11
26
35
20
100
1
2
4
17
31
45
100
61
47
30
54
10
202
30
23
15
27
5
100
31
47
40
75
5
198
16
24
20
38
3
100
80
65
36
54
11
246
33
26
15
22
4
100
19. About how much of your college expenses (tuition, fees, books, room & board) this year will be provided by each of the following sources?
a. Scholarships and grants
cschgr
None
124
26
63
24
Less than half
114
24
66
25
Half or more
81
17
50
19
All or nearly all
137
29
82
31
Do not know
18
4
7
3
Total
474
100
268
100
a
Yes
Count
22
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
Response Options
b. Student loans
cstudlo
None
Less than half
Half or more
All or nearly all
Do not know
c. Parents/family
cparfam
None
Less than half
Half or more
All or nearly all
Do not know
d. Self (work on-campus or offcampus, savings)
cself
None
Less than half
Half or more
All or nearly all
Do not know
20. Did you receive a Federal Pell
Grant?
cpell
No
Yes
Do not know
Count
Total
Total
Total
Total
21. What do you expect most of
your grades will be at this
college during the coming
year? (Select only one.)
cgrades
C- or lower
C
C+
BB
B+
AA
Grades not used
22. Do you intend to graduate
from this college?
cintgrad
No
Yes
Uncertain
Total
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
232
95
62
42
30
461
104
115
74
140
31
464
270
127
16
16
30
459
217
95
162
474
0
3
3
19
81
120
156
91
0
473
13
370
89
472
Female
%
50
21
13
9
7
100
22
25
16
30
7
100
59
28
3
3
7
100
46
20
34
100
0
1
1
4
17
25
33
19
0
100
3
78
19
100
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
124
56
40
27
13
260
60
71
43
73
15
262
161
65
10
10
15
261
126
54
89
269
0
2
1
15
42
60
99
49
0
268
3
225
40
268
48
22
15
10
5
100
23
27
16
28
6
100
62
25
4
4
6
100
47
20
33
100
0
1
0
6
16
22
37
18
0
100
1
84
15
100
105
39
22
15
16
197
43
43
30
66
16
198
108
60
6
5
15
194
90
41
70
201
0
1
2
4
39
59
56
40
0
201
10
141
49
200
53
20
11
8
8
100
22
22
15
33
8
100
56
31
3
3
8
100
45
20
35
100
0
0
1
2
19
29
28
20
0
100
5
71
25
100
88
45
27
24
9
193
65
48
28
37
14
192
112
53
7
7
13
192
76
63
60
199
0
0
1
10
38
44
62
44
0
199
2
166
29
197
46
23
14
12
5
100
34
25
15
19
7
100
58
28
4
4
7
100
38
32
30
100
0
0
1
5
19
22
31
22
0
100
1
84
15
100
132
45
29
14
19
239
33
61
41
95
13
243
137
71
8
8
15
239
132
23
91
246
0
2
1
8
37
65
89
43
0
245
10
182
53
245
55
19
12
6
8
100
14
25
17
39
5
100
57
30
3
3
6
100
54
9
37
100
0
1
0
3
15
27
36
18
0
100
4
74
22
100
23
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
Scale
Response Options
23 What is the highest academic
degree you intend to obtain at
this or any college?
chighdeg
24. Do you know what your major
will be?
cmajor
Recoded variable xmajcod1
into one of ten major
categories listed at right
xmajrcol
Arts and Humanities
Biological Sciences
Business
Education
Engineering
Physical Science
Professional
Social Science
Other
Undecided
25. Are you, or will you be, a fulltime student this fall term?
cenrlmen
No
Yes
26. How many of your close
friends will attend this college
during the coming year?
cfriends
None
1
2
3
4 or more
Count
Associate's degree
Bachelor's degree
Master's degree
Doctoral degree
Uncertain
Total
No
Yes
Total
Total
Total
Total
27. Your sex:
csex
Male
Female
Total
28. Are you an international
student or foreign national?
cinterna
No
Yes
Total
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
8
141
175
74
73
471
119
355
474
29
19
30
70
11
15
61
19
72
0
326
1
474
475
166
77
67
43
120
473
203
269
472
465
7
472
Female
%
2
30
37
16
15
100
25
75
100
9
6
9
21
3
5
19
6
22
0
100
0
100
100
35
16
14
9
25
100
43
57
100
99
1
100
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
4
73
116
40
32
265
47
221
268
21
12
8
60
0
9
44
16
35
0
205
0
269
269
103
47
39
27
53
269
0
269
269
263
4
267
2
28
44
15
12
100
18
82
100
10
6
4
29
0
4
21
8
17
0
100
0
100
100
38
17
14
10
20
100
0
100
100
99
1
100
4
67
58
33
40
202
71
131
202
8
6
22
10
11
5
15
3
37
0
117
1
201
202
60
30
28
16
67
201
203
0
203
199
3
202
2
33
29
16
20
100
35
65
100
7
5
19
9
9
4
13
3
32
0
100
0
100
100
30
15
14
8
33
100
100
0
100
99
1
100
3
60
70
35
29
197
47
150
197
11
9
16
36
2
8
28
6
29
0
145
0
199
199
63
40
30
18
47
198
74
123
197
195
2
197
2
30
36
18
15
100
24
76
100
8
6
11
25
1
6
19
4
20
0
100
0
100
100
32
20
15
9
24
100
38
62
100
99
1
100
4
68
98
35
40
245
65
182
247
18
8
12
32
7
7
31
11
36
0
162
0
246
246
93
31
34
22
65
245
108
137
245
242
4
246
2
28
40
14
16
100
26
74
100
11
5
7
20
4
4
19
7
22
0
100
0
100
100
38
13
14
9
27
100
44
56
100
98
2
100
24
BCSSE 2008 Frequency Distributions
Western Carolina University
First Generationa
Gender
All Students
Variable
29. What is your racial or ethnic
identification?
(Select only one.)
crace
Scale
Response Options
Count
American Indian or other Native
American
Asian, Asian American, or
Pacific Islander
Female
%
Male
Yes
No
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
Count
%
2
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
2
1
2
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
21
4
5
2
16
8
7
4
9
4
416
88
242
90
171
85
174
88
220
89
Mexican or Mexican American
2
0
2
1
0
0
2
1
0
0
Puerto Rican
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Other Hispanic or Latino
5
1
4
1
1
0
4
2
1
0
Multiracial
9
2
5
2
4
2
6
3
3
1
Other
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Total
15
474
3
100
8
269
3
100
7
202
3
100
4
198
2
100
9
247
4
100
30. Please indicate whether your parents completed a 4-year college degree.
a. Mother (or guardian)
cmothred
Did not complete 4-year degree
Completed 4-year degree
Do not know
Total
b. Father (or guardian)
cfathred
Did not complete 4-year degree
Completed 4-year degree
Do not know
Total
31. How far is your home from
cdistanc
20 miles or less
this college?
21-50 miles
51-100 miles
101-200 miles
201-400 miles
more than 400 miles
Total
244
214
14
472
258
194
19
471
26
39
80
153
136
37
471
52
45
3
100
55
41
4
100
6
8
17
32
29
8
100
150
115
4
269
154
107
7
268
13
29
37
83
77
28
267
56
43
1
100
57
40
3
100
5
11
14
31
29
10
100
92
97
10
199
101
86
12
199
13
10
43
68
57
9
200
46
49
5
100
51
43
6
100
7
5
22
34
29
5
100
199
0
0
199
199
0
0
199
8
22
36
69
46
15
196
100
0
0
100
100
0
0
100
4
11
18
35
23
8
100
41
206
0
247
58
189
0
247
15
16
39
76
81
19
246
17
83
0
100
23
77
0
100
6
7
16
31
33
8
100
Black or African American
White (non-Hispanic)
I prefer not to respond
a
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
25
Western Carolina University
BCSSE 2008 Mean Scale Scores
and Selected Student Comparisons
Interpreting the Mean Scale Scores
and Selected Student Comparisons
Scale
Variable Name
Institution-Level
Selected Student Comparisons
The BCSSE scale appears in the left
column of the report.
The variable name of the
scale as it appears in the
data file and codebook.
Results for each item for
the institution overall.
Results for each item by gender and firstgeneration status.
BCSSE 2008 Mean Scale Scores and Selected Student Comparisons
NSSEville State University
First Generationd Comparisons
Gender Comparisons
All Students
BCSSE Scales a
High School Academic Engagement
Engagement in educationally relevant behaviors
during high school
Means
Tests of mean
differences
b
Variable
Mean
SD
N
Female
Male
Sig
HS_acad
5.31
1.35
1,440
5.48
5.09
***
Effect size
.29
Tests of mean
differences
Means
c
Yes
No
5.04
5.43
Sig
b
***
Effect size
c
-.29
Mean
Statistical Significance
Effect Size
The unweighted scale
mean is reported overall
for the institution, as well
as by gender and firstgeneration status
Items with mean differences that are larger than would be expected
by chance alone are noted with one, two, or three asterisks, referring
to three significance levels (p<.05, p< .01, and p<.001). The smaller
the significance level, the smaller the likelihood that the difference is
due to chance. Statistical significance does not guarantee the result is
substantive or important. Large sample sizes tend to generate more
statistically significant results even though the magnitude of mean
differences may be inconsequential. It is recommended to consult
effect sizes to judge the practical meaning of the results.
Effect size indicates the "practical
significance" of the mean difference. It is
calculated by dividing the mean
difference by the pooled standard
deviation. In practice, an effect size of .2
is often considered small, .5 moderate,
and .8 large.
BCSSE 2008 Mean Scale Scores and Selected Student Comparisons
Western Carolina University
First-Generationd Comparisons
Gender Comparisons
All Students
BCSSE Scales a
Tests of mean
differences
Means
Means
Tests of mean
differences
Variable
Mean
SD
N
Female
Male
Sig b
Effect size c
FG
Non-FG
High School Academic Engagement (HSE)
Engagement in educationally relevant behaviors
during the last year of high school.
HS_acad
5.07
1.49
477
5.24
4.83
**
.27
5.10
5.10
.00
Expected Academic Engagement (EAE)
Expected engagement in educationally relevant
behaviors during the first year of college.
Exp_acad
5.57
1.59
477
5.65
5.47
.11
5.55
5.66
-.07
Expected Academic Perseverance (EAP)
Student certainty that they will persist in the face
of academic adversity.
Acad_per
7.06
1.54
477
7.15
6.95
.13
7.08
7.02
.04
Expected Academic Difficulty (EAD)
Expected academic difficulty during the first year
of college.
Acad_dif
4.81
1.47
477
4.84
4.78
.04
4.75
4.83
-.06
Acad_prep
6.94
1.59
477
6.95
6.92
.02
6.96
6.97
-.01
Imp_env
7.42
1.64
477
7.76
6.96
.50
7.34
7.52
-.11
Perceived Academic Preparation (PAP)
Student perception of their academic
preparation.
Importance of Campus Environment (ICE)
Student-rated importance that the institution
provides a challenging and supportive
environment.
***
a
Scale scores are expressed in 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum) point scales. See the following page for complete scale descriptions and component items.
b
T-test results (2-tailed): * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001. The smaller the significance level, the less likely that the difference is due to chance.
Sig b
Effect size c
c
Effect size is the mean difference divided by pooled standard deviation. It indicates the practical significance of the mean difference (approx. .2 is considered small, .5 moderate, and .8 large). A positive sign
indicates that at your institution, females score higher than males, or first-generation students scored higher than non-first-generation students.
d
First generation is defined as no parent or guardian having graduated with a 4-year college degree.
28
BCSSE 2008 Scale Descriptions
BCSSE Scales
The following BCSSE scales were constructed by converting the responses for each item to a 0-10 range. A mean scale score was then calculated for each student.
Below is a brief description of each scale with the component BCSSE items in parentheses.
High School Academic Engagement (HSE)
Engagement in educationally relevant behaviors
during the last year of high school.
hreadasg, hwrite5, hwrite5m, hacadpr,
hclquest, hclprese, hfacgrad, hclassgr,
hoccgrp, hrewropa, hfacidea, hoocidea
Expected Academic Engagement (EAE)
Expected engagement in educationally relevant
behaviors during the first year of college.
cacadpr, cclquest, cclprese, cfacgrad,
cclassgr, coccgrp, cfacidea, coocidea
Expected Academic Perseverance (EAP)
Student certainty that they will persist in the face
of academic adversity.
cotherint, cfindinfo, ccourdis, caskinst,
cfinish, cstaypos
Expected Academic Difficulty (EAD)
Expected academic difficulty during the first year
of college.
clearnma, cmantime, cgethelp, cintfac
Perceived Academic Preparation (PAP)
Student perception of their academic preparation.
cgnwrite, cgnspeak, cgnanaly, cgnquant,
cgncompt, cgnother, cgninq
Importance of Campus Environment (ICE)
Student-rated importance that the institution
provides a challenging and supportive
environment.
cenvscho, cenvsupr, cenvdivr, cenvnaca,
cenvsoca, cenveven