Radiologic Technology Program
Master Plan
of
Clinical Education
Class of 2013-2015
Waccamaw Community Hospital
South Strand Ambulatory Care Center
Parkway Medical Complex
Table of Contents
Master Plan summary
Rules and Guidelines
Attendance Policies
Clinical Times
Clinical Attendance Policy
Reporting Absences and Tardies
Clinical Training Make-up Policy
Disciplinary Procedures and Suspension
Methods of Clinical Evaluation
Clinical Grading Scale
Semester Clinical Requirements
Clinical Evaluation Outcomes
New Site Orientation Checklist
Room/Equipment Competency
Competency Forms
General Radiography
Contrast Competency
Pediatric Competency
Mobile Competency
Special Procedure checklist
Surgical Checklist- C-Arm- Ortho
Surgical Checklist- C-Arm- Non-Ortho
Arthrogram/Myelogram Checklist
Special Procedure Competency
Sterile Tray/Technique
CT Competency
Terminal Competency Explanation
Terminal Competency Evaluation
Professional Development with Outcomes
1st through 6th semester PD form
Professional Development Progress Sheets
Venipuncture Policy
Venipuncture Competency
Clinical Progression Policy
ARRT Required Competencies
page 1
page 2
page 2
page 3
page 3
page 3
page 4
page 5
page 6
page 7
page 8- 9
page 10
page 11
page 12
page 13
page 14
page 15
page 16
page 17
page 18
page 19
page 20
page 21
page 22
page 23
page 24
page 25
page 26
page 27
page 28-29
page 30
page 31
page 32
page 33
ARRT- Radiography Didactic and Clinical Competency Requirements
Appendix A
ARRT Content Specifications for the Examination in Radiography
Appendix B
HGTC Drug Screen and Student Background Check Policy
Appendix B
HORRY-GEORGETOWN
RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
MASTER PLAN OF CLINICAL EDUCATION
Clinical education takes place in various health care settings. It begins with observation of procedures and
gradually the student learns to assist in procedures. After completing didactic and laboratory sessions, the
student performs radiographic examinations unassisted, with the direct supervision of a qualified
radiographer. After a determined number of exams have been completed, the student may request a clinical
competency evaluation. Upon successful completion of the competency, the student may perform the exam
with indirect supervision.
 At no time can a student perform portable exams outside of the department, or Operating room
procedures without direct supervision: RT must be immediately available.
Throughout the 6 semesters, students gradually become competent in more complicated procedures, until
all competency categories are completed. At the end of Spring Semester II, the student will perform
terminal competencies before he /she qualifies for graduation.
Before taking a competency evaluation in any given area, a student must be directly supervised at all times
by a qualified radiographer. Direct supervision is defined by the Standards of an Accredited Program in
Radiologic Sciences, as follows:
Until the student achieves and documents competency in any given procedure, all clinical assignments shall
be carried out under the direct supervision of qualified radiographers. The parameters of direct supervision
are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A qualified radiographer reviews the request for examination in relation to the students achievement
A qualified radiographer evaluates the condition of the patient in relation to the students’ knowledge
A qualified radiographer is present during the performance of the examination
A qualified radiographer reviews and approves the radiographs
After demonstrating competency, students may perform procedures with indirect supervision.
“Indirect supervision is defined as that supervision provided by a qualified radiographer immediately
available to assist students regardless of the level of student achievement. Immediately available is
interpreted as the presence of a qualified radiographer adjacent to the room or location where radiographic
procedures are being performed. This means that a qualified radiographer is within hearing distance, with
no electronic means of contact, such as beepers or phones acceptable.”
This applies to all areas where ionizing radiation equipment is in use.
To ensure continued competence, students may AND WILL be re-comped at any time during their clinical
education.
In order to receive and maintain accreditation status, these standards must be adhered to at all times.
1.
RULES AND GUIDELINES FOR CLINICAL EDUCATION
Radiography students are under the direct supervision of the clinical instructor for all educational functions
within the clinical affiliate. Students will also receive instruction and directions from the radiographer to
whom they are assigned. In turn, the radiographer provides input to the clinical instructor regarding the
student’s progress. Students are not to perform procedures on patients without proper instruction and
supervision as described in the Joint Review Committee Standards of an Accredited Program in radiography.
Students are to participate in a team effort with staff to perform department activities as needed; such as
maintaining department cleanliness, replenishing supplies, and transporting patients as appropriate. Students
are to participate in planned learning activities as assigned by the Clinical Instructor.
ATTENDANCE POLICIES
The daily times of attendance will vary somewhat depending on the clinical assignment. Total hours of class
time and clinical education will not exceed 40 hours per week.
Absence and/or tardiness will have a detrimental effect on attainment of clinical and professional goals and
will reflect in the student’s performance. Tardiness is unprofessional and will be documented on your
professional development sheets. After 3 tardies, the student will receive a verbal warning and be charged
with 1 day absent. Tardy is any time after the scheduled start time. Additional tardies will be counted and
each 3 will count as one day absent. 7 tardies in any one semester will result in termination from program.
Two (2) days per semester are allotted for sickness.
* Absences must be reported to the CI and CC 30 minutes before the clinical assignment is set to begin.

Failure to report to the CI and the CC 30 minutes prior to start time will result in a mandatory
make-up day regardless of amount of previous days absent. No Exceptions!
If the site clinical instructor is not available at time of call, the student must call back and speak with the CI.
Any illness of more than 2 days may require a written explanation from a physician. Absences past the
allowed 2 must be made up. The make-up time must be approved by the clinical instructor and the clinical
coordinator.
Excessive tardiness and any unexcused absences shall be cause for disciplinary action.
Falsifying attendance is grounds for immediate dismissal.
Deficiency of assignments due to absence will be rescheduled by the CI and/or the CC. Available time is
limited to semester breaks and final exam week. Make up time must be completed by the end of the
semester.
In the event that a student receive the grade of Incomplete, they have a time limit of 2 weeks to make-up any
missed work/time.
In the 4-th- 6th semester, all students are required to rotate through one weekend shift (includes a Saturday
and a Sunday), as well as a week of evening rotation; Monday ,Wednesday and Friday- 1:30-9 pm.
2.
Clinical Times
In semester 1 the student will attend clinic on Tuesday and Thursday, hours 8:30-am-3:30 pm. These
hours are mandatory and are not subject to change for any reason. Semester 2-3 hours: Tuesday and
Thursday-8am-3:30 pm.
In semester 4- 6 the student will attend clinic Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 8am- 3:30.
In addition, during the 4th-6th semester students must rotate through a weekend shift to include Saturday and
Sunday, hours to be discussed. The following week the student will be off Monday and Wednesday.
Students must also rotate through a week of evening shift in the 4th through 6th semester. The hours will be
M, W and F – 1:30-9 pm.
Clinical Attendance Policy
Each semester the number of allowed days off will be determined and discussed in the corresponding
syllabus. This number will be determined based on 90% attendance. Depending on total number of days for
each semester; verbal, written and final warning will be documented. Any absence after a final warning will
result in termination from the Radiography program.
Any absences in excess of 2 during any semester must be made up during the semester the absences
occurred.
No Exceptions!!!
3 tardies to class or clinic assignments will be equal to one absence and will be counted with total days
absent.
Reporting Absences or Tardiness
If it is necessary for you to be absent on a clinic day, you MUST call:
1. The clinical instructor at your assigned site – if not available at time of call, leave a message and call
later and speak directly with the Clinical Instructor
AND
2. The clinical coordinator- office- 477-2180
cell- 655-6049
Leave a voice message or a text message!!
You must call 30 minutes prior to scheduled start time.
Failure to call these 2 persons at the correct time WILL result in a mandatory make-up day regardless of
total days missed. 2 no-calls will result in a final warning.
NO EXCEPTIONS!!!!
At any time while a student in the radiology program a second final warning letter is grounds
for immediate dismissal!
3.
Clinical Training Make-up Policy
This policy serves to identify the procedure and criteria for making up days in excess of the 2 allotted for
illness during the academic semester.
Early departure from the assigned clinic area for any reason other than illness prior to the completion of
the assigned clinic hours will be unacceptable and will result in a warning letter being placed in the students
file. (Two warning letters may result in dismissal)
Sick leave days which exceed the allotted 2 days must be accounted for by the student in order to
complete their clinical education and receive the recommendation of the program director to sit for the
American Registry of Radiologic Technologists Certification Exam. Missing clinic means you will not be
able to accomplish your clinical objectives.
Any time taken which exceeds the allowed 2 days must be made-up before final grade is given.
The following criteria will serve as guidelines for the student to reestablish their good standing in the
clinical phase of their educational process.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
All make-up time must be pre-approved by the site Clinical Instructor and Clinical Coordinator.
If the student misses the assigned make-up time they will be assigned an additional make-up day.
Make-up time will be made up within the same semester of the missed day.
Make-up time is limited to vacation time and Final exam week.
The missed time is to be made-up in one block. Ex.- If a seven hour day is missed, the time must be
made-up in a 7 hour block.
6. The student must comply with the programs dress code on days the time is being made up.
7. During the 4th through 6th semester, if an evening or weekend rotation is missed, the student must
make up an evening or weekend, regardless of total days absent.
These guidelines will be utilized by the Radiologic Technology program to provide the student with a
mechanism to complete their clinical education when students’ attendance has been affected by adverse
circumstances.
4.
CORRECTIVE DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES
The following progressive guidelines are followed for corrective disciplinary procedures:
Level One
The first step in corrective discipline is a verbal warning. The reason for the warning and the result if the
behavior is repeated will be communicated to you. These warnings are routinely documented.
Level Two
A written or second Level warning is the next step in the corrective discipline procedure. The reason for the
warning and the result if the behavior is repeated will be documented for your personal file. The program
director and/or clinical coordinator will be notified of this event.
Level Three
A final, written warning involving the same offense or a variety of offenses will be documented. The
program director and/or clinical coordinator will be immediately notified of this event for evaluation and
recommendation of further action. A level three warning will constitute grounds for immediate dismissal
from the clinical affiliate and/or dismissal from the program.

At any time while a student in the radiology program, 2 final warning letters is grounds for
immediate dismissal.
DISCIPLINARY SUSPENSION
Some offenses are serious enough to be cause for immediate dismissal from the program. Unprofessional,
unethical or amoral conduct includes but is not limited to:
1. Breaching patient confidentiality, revealing personally identifiable facts obtained as a result of a
student patient relationship or access to patient records, without prior consent of the patient.
2. Performing a task which the student knows or has reason to know that he/she is not competent to
perform unsupervised.
3. Reporting to the clinical site under the influence or with the smell of alcohol or drugs; or carrying out
student responsibility while the ability to perform is impaired by alcohol, drugs, or mental disability.
4. Impersonating another health care practitioner.
5. Independently delegating a task assigned to him/her by an instructor or supervisor to another
individual.
6. Willfully harassing, abusing, or intimidating another individual.
7. Refusal to follow instructions or to complete an assignment.
8. Dishonesty, including theft, plagiarism, cheating or falsification of records
9. Carelessness in handling drugs or drug records.
10. Conduct endangering the welfare of patients, employees or visitors.
11. Possession of dangerous weapons on hospital premises.
12. Fighting, assault and battery.
13. Solicitation, posting or distributing articles/literature of any nature on hospital premises without
approval.
5.
METHOD OF CLINICAL EVALUATION
Clinical Competency/Professional Development
The student begins his/her clinical participation by assisting the radiographer in the performance of
radiographic procedures. The rate of student progress depends on the students’ ability to comprehend and
perform the various tasks required by the program.
As the student becomes experienced in a given procedure or procedures, he/she will perform the procedure
unassisted and directly supervised by the radiographer.
CLINICAL COMPETENCIES MAY ONLY BE PERFORMED AFTER THE DIDACTIC INSTRUCTION
IS COMPLETE.
STUDENTS WILL PERFORM PROCEDURES UNDER THE DIRECT SUPERVISION OF A
RADIOGRAPHER UNTIL CERTIFIED AS COMPETENT IN THAT EXAM.
ONCE COMPETENCY HAS BEEN VERIFIED, STUDENT MAY PERFORM THAT PROCEDURE
INDIRECTLY SUPERVISED.
Students may request competency examinations or the clinical instructor may direct students to perform a
competency according to the following procedure:
1. a request for competency evaluation or check-off is initiated
2. clinical educator verifies all prerequisites have been met
The evaluator will complete the appropriate clinical competency evaluation form based on students’
performance of the exam. The grade is calculated and evaluated with the student after the exam.
Students must receive a minimum grade of 84% to pass the competency. A student who receives less than
80% will have an opportunity to repeat the competency ONCE during that grading period. The repeat exam
grade will be averaged in with the other competency exam for the final competency grade.
Students who do not successfully complete the required competencies for each grading period will lose
points toward final clinic grade.
6.
The scale for conversion of Clinical Competency percentage is as follows:
100-96%95-90%89-84%83-80%79-0%-
A
B
C
D
F
4 quality points
3 quality points
2 quality points
1 quality point
0 quality points
The scale for conversion of Professional Development score is as follows:
Grade A
4.0
- 100%
3.99- 3.94 - 99%
3.93- 3.88 - 98%
3.87- 3.82 - 97%
3.81- 3.75 - 96%
Grade C
2.90 - 2.80 - 89%
2.79 - 2.70 - 88%
2.69 – 2.60 - 87%
2.59 – 2.40 - 86%
2.39 – 2.30 - 85%
2.29 – 2.0 - 84%
Grade B
3.74 – 3.60 - 95%
3.59 – 3.50 - 94%
3.49 – 3.40 - 93%
3.39 - 3.30 - 92%
3.29 – 3.20 - 91%
2.91 – 3.0 - 90%
Grade D
1.99 – 1.80 - 83%
1.79 – 1.60 - 82%
1.59 – 1.50 - 81%
1.49 – 1.0 - 80%
Below a 1 or 79% is failing for clinical grades
The scale for conversion of final quality point averages to the final letter grade is as follows:
3.75-4.03.0-3.7
2.0-2.9
1.0-1.90.0-.99-
A
B
C
D
F
*Any area of clinical grading is subject to change
7.
Competency exams are divided by semester according to the level of difficulty, with only semester 1 having
specific requirements. Students’ must complete the specified number of requirements per semester to receive
a Final Grade (See Competency Requirements per Semester)
Summer semester I
1. Male CXR
5. 5 PD’s
2. Female CXR
6. 3 Room Competencies
3. KUB
7. Site Orientation Form
4. Upper Limb Exam
Fall semester I
1. 12 (minimum) CC’s
3. 5 PD’s
2. 3 Re-comps- CXR, KUB, Upper Limb
Spring semester I
1.
2.
3.
4.
12 (minimum) CC’s
5. 5 PD’s
4 Re-Comps- CXR, Knee, Elbow, Shoulder
3 room Competencies
Site Orientation Form
Summer semester II
1. 15 (minimum) Competencies
2. 5 Re-Comps3. 5 PD
Fall semester II
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
15 (minimum) Competencies
1 CT checklist
5 Re-comps
5 PD
3 room Competencies
Site Orientation Form
Spring semester II
1. 15 (minimum) Competencies/ 1 CT checklist/ Terminal Comp Exam
2. 5 PD
3. Re-Comps
* Head Work- may include: facial bones, skull, mandible series, orbits, zygomatic arches,
- all to include 3 view minimum series
Cannot be: nasal bones, Panorex, 1 view sinuses
There are a specific number of competencies that are assigned each semester.
A Terminal Competency examination will be required in the 6th semester. Its intent is to evaluate the
students’ ability to integrate previously learned clinical skills. Students must receive a C or better to pass. A
student who receives a D or F must repeat and earn a C to pass the course.
Beginning in semester II, re-comps will be due each semester. The “re-comp” exam will be specifically
assigned by the CC or can be requested at any time by the clinical instructor at students’ assigned site. The
“re-comp” grade will be part of the semester final grade.
8.
Summer I
Fall I- 12
Spring I-12
Summer II-15
Fall II-15
Spring II-15
Required
CC’s
MaleRoutine
CXR
• femaleRoutine
CXR
• KUB
Upper
Extremity
Suggested
CC’s
• finger
• thumb
• hand
• wrist
• forearm
• elbow
• humerus
• shoulder
• shouldertrauma
• clavicle
• toes
• foot
• ankle
• leg
• knee
• femur
• pelvis
• hip
• C-Spine
• T-Spine
• L-Spine
Abd. Series
Suggested CC’s
• IVU or UGI
-not previously
comped on
Hip
AP and frog OR
AP and XTL
Mobile chest
Cervical spine
Suggested CC’s
Suggested CC’s
Suggested CC’s
• Thoracic
Spine
• Barium
● CT checklist
• Ribs
• Sinuses
• Hip
- not previously
comped on
Lumbar spine
Shoulder
W/ axillary view
OR
Y-view (trauma)
• Shoulder
-not previously
comped on
Enema
●Ped.
Competency
● CT
Worksheet
●Surgical
Checklist
●Special
Procedures
checklist
●Pediatric Chest
● Headwork
● Traumaadult lower
Ext.-must
include XTL
 Terminal
Competency
The above chart in semester 2-6 are suggestions only. Semester 1 has specific requirements.
Semester 2-6 require specific numbers rather than exams.
Students may progress more rapidly in the CC areas as their ability allows, but
MUST complete the minimum requirements to advance to the next semester.
All 39 exams must be completed prior to Program Directors signature for National credentialing
examination. 20 of the 30 electives must also be completed prior to graduation and CANNOT be simulated.
Initial CC’s should be 1st year student appropriate. 2nd and 3rd CC must be at a higher level of difficulty.
Meeting the HGTC program requirements satisfies the ARRT requirements and program requirements.
Sem 1- Thorax, Abdomen and Upper Limb covered in class.
Sem 2- Lower Limb, Pelvis/Hip, shoulder, Spine covered in class
Sem 3- Bony Thorax, Fluoro Studies, IVU, all Head and facial bone studies covered in class.
9
Clinical Evaluation Outcomes
 Failure to demonstrate starred items results in a score of 79%
Preparation
1. Identify the procedure
2. Call and pronounce the patients name
3. Recall the patients age and sex
4. Identify the mode of transportation
5. Determine the positions and precautions required
6. Provide an adequate number of appropriate sized cassettes
7. Position the tube, table and film correctly
8. Set technical factors on control panel
9. Select and prepare contrast material, if required
10. Provide clean and orderly work area
Patient Care Methods
 1. Verify correct identification of the patient
2. Assess patient condition
3. Assist patient to and from room and x-ray table
4. Explain exam to patient- age appropriate
5. Verify patient preparation, when appropriate
6. Record LMP and/or check for possible pregnancy in females age 10-50
 7. Check for and remove undiagnostic material from area of interest
 8. Document clinical and allergic history
9. Complete consent form if required
10. Assist patient throughout exam while maintaining patient modesty
11. Follow standard precautions
12. Monitor and communicate with patient throughout exam
 13. Demonstrate consideration for patient comfort
14. Explain post exam instructions as needed
* 15. Utilize radiation protection for all persons involved
Positioning and Technical Skills
1. Accurately position anatomic area
2. Direct central ray appropriately
3. Utilize proper SID
4. Align tube, part and film
5. Give proper breathing instructions
* 6. Accurately place correct lead identification marker on film
7. Properly collimates
8. Make exposure while observing patient
* 9. Select appropriate technique
Image Evaluation
1.
2.
3.
4.
* 5.
No motion present
Contrast and density adequate to demonstrate part
Lead marker visible and properly placed
Projections identified correctly
Evaluation criteria
a. Pertinent anatomical information included in proper perspective
b. Evidence of collimation
c. Answer questions relevant to exam
10.
Student Site Orientation
Student-___________________________
Student initial
CI signature
Site-_______________________
Date
Grading Explanation
Required paperwork
Department Tour
Rad. Rooms
-equipment -control panel
-supply area
Dressing area
Reading rooms
Main supply area
File room
Pt. hold areas
Drug cart/s
O2 locations
Emer. Shut-offs
Other Departments Tour:
ER, OR, ICU, Admissions,
Outpatient Lab, CT, MRI
Dept. protocol
Handouts
Student parking instructions
Codes
Organization
“Nickname”
Action
Ex-How to call
Cardiac and-or Respiratory Arrest
Fire
Severe Storm
Bomb Threat
Baby/Child Abduction
Trauma
What does R.A.C.E stand for?______________________________________________________________
Name of disinfectant used to clean x-ray equipment-____________________________________________
What does HIPAA stand for?__________________________________________
11.
HGTC Radiologic Technology Program
Equipment Competency Form
Student-______________________________
Clinical Site-__________________________
Date-_____________________
Evaluator-_________________
The student was able to demonstrate mastery of the following area-specific skills: (to be done for each
radiographic room)
Competency Area
CONTROL PANEL / CONSOLE
1. The student was able to locate and identify the kVp selector
2. Given a specific kVp, the student was able to correctly set the indicated value
3. The student was able to locate and identify the mAs selector.
4. Given a specific mAs , the student was able to accurately set the indicated value.
5. The student was able to locate and identify the phototimer.
6. Given a specific chamber to select, the student was able to accurately manipulate the
phototimer to select the indicated cell(s).
7. The student was able to correctly identify the rotor and exposure switch.
8. The student was able to rotor and make an exposure.
9. The student was able to locate and identify the overload reset.
TABLE
1. The student was able to identify the control for moving the table top.
2. The student was able to correctly move the table from left-to-right.
3. The student was able to correctly move the table top from inferior to superior.
4. The student was able to identify the control for table angle.
5. Given a specific degree of angle, the student was able to accurately angle the
table to that given angle.
6. The student was able to remove the foot rest.
7. The student was able to replace the footrest, ensuring it was locked in place.
BUCKY TRAY
1. The student was able to open the table bucky tray.
2. The student was able to open the upright bucky tray
3. Given a cassette of any size, the student was able to insert and lock it into bucky.
4. The student was able to close the bucky tray completely.
5. The student was able to remove the cassette from the bucky tray.
COLLIMATOR
1. Identify collimator controls
2. Manipulate collimator to varying cassette and/or IR sizes
DETENT
1. Center the tube to the upright bucky – detent. 40 inches
2. Center the tube to the upright bucky- detent – 72 inches
3. Center the tube to the table bucky – detent- 40 inches.
4. The student was able to determine 40 inches from tube to table-top.
Evaluator - _______________________________
Comments- remarks should be written for any NO check-marks.
Any no check-marks will result in a “re-comp” for that area/room.
Student signature-__________________________
12.
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
HGTC Radiological Technology Program
Clinical Competency Evaluation – GENERAL RADIOGRAPHY
Student-__________________________
Examination-______________________
Patient Name-_____________________
Date-_____________Final Grade-___________
Clinical Site-____________________________
ID Number-____________________________
PREPARATION
YES
NO
1. Select appropriate cassettes
2. Prepare room and obtain necessary suppliesset up console
3. Provide clean and orderly work area
* 4. Evaluate the request (orders) for exam and patient information
PATIENT CARE METHODS
* 5. Verify correct patient I.D
6. Assess patient condition
7. Assist patient to and from exam room
8. Explain exam to patient-age appropriate
* 9. Check for possible pregnancy in females age 10-60
*10. Inquire and Document relevant clinical history
11. Check for and remove any non-diagnostic material from area of interest
12. Assist patient through exam while maintaining modesty.
13. Follow Standard Precautions
14. Monitor and communicate with patient throughout exam
15. Demonstrate consideration for patient comfort
*16. Utilizes radiation protection for all involved persons
AP/PA
LAT
OBL
OBL
Other
YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO
POSITIONING SKILLS
17. Correctly position anatomic area
18. Direct CR appropriately
19. Utilize proper SID
20. Align tube, part and film
21. Gives proper breathing instructions
*22.Correctly place lead marker on film
23. Properly collimates
24. Select appropriate technique
* Mandatory- Kvp-___ MAS-_______
25. Make exposure while observing patient
26. Complete position with 2.5 minutes
AP/PA
LAT
OBL
OBL
Other
YES N0 YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO
IMAGE EVALUATION
27. Image free of visible motion
* 28. Identify views correctly
* 29. All anatomy included
* 30.Know Eval Crit. and related anatomy
31. Properly annotates and orients image
32. Proper exposure factors used
33. Patient ID clearly visible
**Failure to demonstrate starred items result in automatic score of 79%. Must be re-comped and both scores averaged for final grade. Average
** (((Techniques are required for all exams-even with DR and CR equipment. )))
13.
Evaluator-________________________________________________
Student Signature-_________________________________________
Comments_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Grading ScaleTotal Possible Points:
1 projection - 33 points
2 projections- 50 points
3 projections- 67 points
4 projections- 84 points
5 projections- 101 points
100%-96% = A
95-90% = B
84-89% = C
83-80% = D
79-0%
= F
* This form is not be acceptable unless all sections are completed, including titles, signatures and comments.
Rev 3-07ms
13
HORRY-GEORGETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE
CLINICAL COMPETENCY EVALUATION: CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY
Student-____________________________ Date-__________________Grade-___________
Examination-_______________________Pt.Name-_________________________________
Site-_____________________________ ID #-______________________________
PREPARATION
1. Select appropriate cassettes (if applicable)
2. Technical factors set for fluoro.- control panel- KVP-_____MAS-_____
3. Spot film/digital imaging ready for exposure
4. Prepare room and obtain necessary equipment
*5. Contrast Media ready for administration
6. Locate emergency supplies
*7. Evaluate the request/orders for procedure and documents history
YES
NO
PATIENT CARE METHODS
YES
NO
 8. Verify correct ID of patient
9. Assess patient condition
10. Assist pt. to and from room
11. Explain exam and risks to patient-age appropriate
 12. Check for possible pregnancy in females age- 10-60
 13. Document clinical and allergy history
14. Complete consent form as required
15. Check for and remove any non-diagnostic material from area.
16. Assist pt. throughout exam while maintaining modesty
 17. Follow standard precautions
18. Monitor and communicate with pt. throughout exam
19. Demonstrate consideration for pt. comfort
 20. Utilize proper radiation protection for all involved
21. Explain post-exam instructions to patient
AP/PA
Lat.
Obl.
Obl.
Other
POSITIONING SKILLS
YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO
22. Correctly position anatomical area
23. Direct central ray correctly
24. Use proper alignment, SID and collimation
25. Gives proper breathing instructions
* 26. Correctly place lead markers on film
27. Selects appropriate techniques
28. Makes exposure while observing patient
29. Completes position within 2 ½ minutes
AP/PA
Lat
Obl
Obl
Other
IMAGE EVALUATION
YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO
30. Image free of visible motion
* 31. Identify views correctly
* 32. Identify eval. criteria and related anatomy
* 33. All anatomy included
34. Technique adequate to demonstrate part
35. Patient ID clearly visible
36. Lead marker visible
*Failure to perform the starred items results in immediate 79%
14.
Evaluator- _______________________________________________
Student Signature-_________________________________________
Comments-
Total Possible Points
1 projection – 36 points
2 projections- 50 points
3 projections- 64 points
4 projections- 78 points
5 projections- 92 points


100%-96%- A
95%-90%- B
84%-89%- C
83%-80%- D
79%-0F
This form will not be accepted unless all sections are completed, including titles, signatures and
comments.
Must include techniques used
Rev 3/09 ms
14.
HORRY-GEORGETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE
CLINICAL COMPETENCY EVALUATION- PEDIATRIC RADIOGRAPHY
Student-________________________ Date-__________________
Grade-_____________
Exam-_________________________ Pediatric- up to 3 years old
Site-___________________
Pt. DOB-_______________________
Pt. ID-_______________
Pt. Age-_______________
PREPARATION
1. Select appropriately sized cassettes
2. Prepare physical facilities and obtain necessary equipment
3. Provide clean and orderly work area
*4. Evaluate request/orders for procedure and patient information
YES
NO
PATIENT CARE METHODS
5. Verify ID of child with guardian
6. Call child by name and establish rapport
7. Assess the childs physical condition and developmental age
8. Assist child to and from radiographic room
9. Explain exam to child- age appropriate
10. Provide explanation to childs guardian
11. Document clinical history
12. Check for and remove non-diagnostic material
13. Assist child through exam while maintaining modesty
14. Follow standard precautions
15. Monitor and communicate with child and guardian throughout exam
16. Demonstrate empathy for childs comfort
*17. Set correct technique MAS-_________ KvP-_________
18. Utilize shielding for all involved
19. Ensure child safety by providing adult supervision at all times
20. Return child to guardian
YES
NO
POSITIONING SKILLS
21. Position area correctly
22. Direct CR correctly
23. Utilize proper SID
24. Align tube, part and film
25. Give proper breathing instructions
*26. Correctly place lead markers
27. Properly collimate
28. Make exposure while observing child
YES
NO YES
NO YES
NO YES
IMAGE EVALUATION
YES NO YES NO YES
29. Image free of motion
*30.All anatomy included
31. Lead marker visible
*32. Identify views correctly
*33. Identify EC -from Merrills
*34. Technique adequate to demo. part
35. Patient ID clearly visible
 Failure to demonstrate starred items results in automatic 79%
NO YES
Evaluator-_________________________________________________
15.
Student Signature-___________________________________________
Comments-
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
Total Possible Points
1 projection- 34 points
2 projections- 48 points
3 projections-62 points
4 projections- 76 points
5 projections – 90 points
100-96%- A
95%-90%- B
84%-89%- C
83%-80%- D
79-0= F
*This form will not be accepted unless all sections are completed, including titles, signatures and
comments.
Rev. 07-10 ms
15.
Horry-Georgetown Technical College
Radiography Program
Mobile Radiography Competency
Name-__________________________Site-___________ Date-_____________Grade-________
Exam-________________________Pt Name-______________________ID#-_________________
PREPARATION
*1. Identifies correct patient and exam according to requisition.
2. Locates and drives the mobile unit to the patients room
3. Politely asks visitors to wait outside the room.
4. Introduces self to patient and explains the procedure.
*5. Correctly ID’s the patient.
6. Obtains and documents the history prior to exam.
*7. Inquires about possible pregnancy in females. Age- 10-60
8. Removes all radiopaque foreign bodies.
9. Respects patient modesty and provides comfort to the patient.
10. Examines patient and selects appropriate cassette.
11. Adjusts the patient into the correct position for the procedure.
12. Able to manipulate the machine with ease.
13. Positions the machine correctly at patient bedside.
14. Instills confidence in pt by exhibiting self-confidence throughout exam.
*15. Provides radiation protection for self and all involved.
16 . Leaves room and patient neat and comfortable.
YES
NO
POSITIONING
1. Places the cassette properly.
2. Centers the tube to the cassette correctly.
3. Adjusts the tube to the proper SID.
*4. Correctly places lead marker on cassette to not obstruct anatomy.
5. Lead marker correctly shows on image.
6. Correctly collimates at minimum to the cassette size.
7. Stands at least 6 feet away during exposure.
8. Gives proper breathing instructions.
*9. Sets the proper exposure factors. kVp-______ MAS-_______
10. Completes the exam within a reasonable time frame.
11. Returns the mobile unit to the proper place and charges the unit.
12. Correctly identifies (flashes) image.
YES
NO
YES
N0
16.
IMAGE EVALUATION
1. Image free of visible motion
* 2. Identify views correctly
* 3. All anatomy included
* 4.Know Eval Crit. and related anatomy
5. Properly annotates and orients image
6. Proper exposure factors used
7. Patient ID clearly visible
Total Possible Points: 35
100%-96% = A
95-90% = B
84-89% = C
83-80% = D
79-0%
= F
Technologist signature-_________________________________
Comments
Student signature-______________________________________
16.
Special Procedure CHECKLIST
Student__________________________
Clinical Site-______________________
Date-________________
Exam-________________
GENERAL
Evaluation of request
Set up of room.
Gather appropriate cassettes.
Place/remove headboard, shoulder/knee brace as needed.
Gather appropriate supplies as needed.
** Set a tray using sterile technique.
Prepare Contrast Media for administration. Name of contrast__________
Identify patient and place on table.
Explain procedure.
Check chart for consent form.
Assist MD with needle puncture maintaining sterile technique.
Change films and assist patient with positioning.
Inform patient of post-procedure instructions.
Fill out necessary paperwork as per procedure protocol.
Follow Standard precautions.
Faculty Signature-_____________________________
Student Signature-_____________________________
Pass-_____________
Fail-__________________
Comments-
17.
YES
NO
CHECKLIST FOR SURGERY / C-Arm- Orthopedic
Student-____________________
Clinical Site-________________
Date-____________
Evaluator-____________
Procedure performed-________________________
GENERAL
Wear appropriate apparel for O.R (shoe cover, mask, scrubs, head cover)
* Provide radiation protection for all involved in procedure.
Verify pregnancy status in females.
Locate sterile field in OR and demonstrate proper sterile techniques.
Demonstrates proper loading of film in designated darkroom.
Complete request with appropriate information (fluoro.time, films, etc.)
Disinfect mobile unit regarding fluids post OR procedure.
Demonstrate operation of C-Arm.
Turn fluoro on/off.
Properly set control panel for fluoro.
Properly set control panel for spot films.
Correctly connect TV monitor and Mobile C-Arm.
Accurately load patient information into TV monitor.
Store and retrieve image from disk drive.
Produce permanent film from stored image.
Place C-Arm tube in vertical position.
Place C-Arm tube in horizontal position
Skillful operation of all locks.
Application of C-Arm drapes.
YES
NO
MUST: State size of film (if applicable) and average technique for common OR exams on average patient:
___________________________________________________________________________
Briefly describe procedure performedLateral C-Spine-_________________________________________
Lateral L-Spine-_________________________________________
Hip-___________________________________________________
Wrist-__________________________________________________
Knee-__________________________________________________
Technologist Signature-______________________________
Student Signature-__________________________________
Pass (100%)-__________
Fail (79%)-_______________________
Comments2-12ms
18.
CHECKLIST FOR SURGERY / C-Arm- Non-Orthopedic
Student-____________________
Clinical Site-________________
Date-____________
Evaluator-____________
Procedure performed-________________________
GENERAL
Wear appropriate apparel for O.R (shoe cover, mask, scrubs, head cover)
* Provide radiation protection for all involved in procedure.
Verify pregnancy status in females.
Locate sterile field in OR and demonstrate proper sterile techniques.
Demonstrates proper loading of film in designated darkroom.
Complete request with appropriate information (fluoro.time, films, etc.)
Disinfect mobile unit regarding fluids post OR procedure.
Demonstrate operation of C-Arm.
Turn fluoro on/off.
Properly set control panel for fluoro.
Properly set control panel for spot films.
Correctly connect TV monitor and Mobile C-Arm.
Accurately load patient information into TV monitor.
Store and retrieve image from disk drive.
Produce permanent film from stored image.
Place C-Arm tube in vertical position.
Place C-Arm tube in horizontal position
Skillful operation of all locks.
Application of C-Arm drapes.
YES
NO
MUST: State size of film (if applicable) and average technique for common OR exams on average patient:
___________________________________________________________________________
Briefly describe procedure performed-
Technologist Signature-______________________________
Student Signature-__________________________________
Pass (100%)-__________
Fail (79%)-_______________________
Comments-
02-12ms
19.
HORRY-GEORGETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE
CLINICAL COMP EVALUATION:
Myelogram/Arthrogram
Student-____________________________ Date-__________________Grade-___________
Examination-_______________________Pt.Name-_________________________________
Site-_____________________________ ID #-______________________________
PREPARATION
1. Select appropriate cassettes (if applicable)
*2. Technical factors set for fluoro.- control panel- KVP-_____MAS-_____
3. Spot film/digital imaging ready for exposure
4. Prepare room and obtain necessary equipment
*5. Contrast Media ready for administration
6. Locate emergency supplies
*7. Evaluate the request for procedure and documents history
YES
NO
PATIENT CARE METHODS
YES
NO
 8. Verify correct ID of patient
9. Assess patient condition
10. Assist pt. to and from room
11. Explain exam and risks to patient-age appropriate
 12. Check for possible pregnancy in females age- 10-60
 13. Document clinical and allergy history
14. Complete consent form as required
15. Check for and remove any non-diagnostic material from area.
16. Assist pt. throughout exam while maintaining modesty
 17. Follow standard precautions
18. Monitor and communicate with pt. throughout exam
19. Demonstrate consideration for pt. comfort
 20. Utilize proper radiation protection for all involved
21. Explain post-exam instructions to patient
AP/PA
Lat.
Obl.
Obl.
Other
POSITIONING SKILLS
YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO
22. Correctly position anatomical area
23. Direct central ray correctly
24. Use proper alignment, SID and collimation
25. Gives proper breathing instructions
* 26. Correctly place lead markers on film
27. Selects appropriate techniques
28. Makes exposure while observing patient
29. Completes position within 2 ½ minutes
AP/PA
Lat
Obl
Obl
Other
IMAGE EVALUATION
YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO
30. Image free of visible motion
* 31. Identify views correctly
* 32. Identify eval. criteria and related anatomy
* 33. All anatomy included
34. Technique adequate to demonstrate part
35. Patient ID clearly visible
36. Lead marker visible
*Failure to perform the starred items results in immediate 79%
20.
Evaluator- _______________________________________________
Student Signature-_________________________________________
Comments-
Total Possible Points
1 projection – 36 points
2 projections- 50 points
3 projections- 64 points
4 projections- 78 points
5 projections- 92 points


100%-96%- A
95%-90%- B
84%-89%- C
83%-80%- D
79%-0F
This form will not be accepted unless all sections are completed, including titles, signatures and
comments.
Must include techniques used
Rev 7/10- ms
20.
Special Procedure Competency
***For “special exams” performed in general Rad department- Ex. ERCP, cysto study,
hysterosalpingogram,etc
Student__________________________
Clinical Site-______________________
Date-________________
Exam-________________
GENERAL
Evaluation of request
Set up of room.
Gather appropriate cassettes.
Place/remove headboard, shoulder/knee brace as needed.
Gather appropriate supplies as needed.
Set a tray using sterile technique.
Prepare Contrast Media for administration.
Name of contrast__________
Identify patient and place on table.
Explain procedure.
Check chart for consent form.
Assist MD with needle puncture maintaining sterile technique.
Change films and assist patient with positioning.
Inform patient of post-procedure instructions.
Fill out necessary paperwork as per procedure protocol.
Follow Standard precautions.
Performs images as / if instructed
Faculty Signature-_____________________________
Student Signature-_____________________________
Pass-(all Yes/NA checks)-100% _____________
Fail-(any No checks)-79%__________________
Comments-
21.
YES
NO
N/A
HGTC Radiological Technology Program
Clinical Competency Evaluation – Sterile Tray/ Technique
Student-__________________________
Examination-______________________
Date-________________
Site-_________________
Final Grade- P-100% / F-0
A.Prepare a sterile tray properly, as described below:
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
1. Wash hands thoroughly
2. Check tray label and expiration date
3. Place on clean cart; have extra supplies near to add to tray
4. Open 1st corner away from you, 2ndside corners from center, and last toward you
5. Do not touch the inside parts of the tray
B. Add extra supplies to the sterile tray properly, as described below:
1. Gather extra supplies (syringes, needles, etc) and add to the tray
2. Grasp the outside wrapper of the sterile package and peel open; do not touch the inside of the
wrapper or the item
3. “Drop” items into the sterile tray without touching the tray or item
4. Discard the outside wrapper
C. Add sterile solutions to the sterile tray properly, as described below:
1. Gather liquids (contrast, medications, etc) to add to the tray
2. Verify the contents of the bottle, and check expiration date
3. Remove seal and cap from bottle correctly
4. Pour solution slowly and in the correct position
5. Discard remaining fluid and bottle, after procedure complete
D. Open and apply sterile gloves properly, as described below:
1. Wash hands thoroughly
2. Remove outer and inner glove wrapper
3. Identify right and left glove
4. With non-dominant hand, grasp inside cuff of glove and properly apply glove to hands
5. Interlock fingers of glove to ensure proper fit
E. Dispose of sterile gloves properly, as described below:
1. Grasp outside of the cuff, with the other gloved hand
2. Pull glove off, turning inside out, discard in trash
3. Slide fingers underneath cuff and pull of remaining glove and dscard
4. Wash hands
Pass / Fail- ____________
RT(R) Signature-____________________________________
Student Signature-___________________________________
22
HORRY-GEORGETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE
CLINICAL COMPETENCY EVALUATION: Computerized Tomography
Student-____________________________ Date-__________________Grade-___________
Examination-_______________________Pt.Name-_________________________________
Site-_____________________________ ID #-______________________________
ROOM PREPARATION
1. CT room ready prior to patient entering.(cleanliness, orderly)
2. Gantry and table set up correctly.
3. Table at correct height.
4. CM prepared and ready.
5. Console properly set up for patient and exam.
6. Injector armed
N/A
YES
NO
PATIENT CARE
1.Communicate (as needed) with patient during exam.
2. Patient ID’d correctly prior to exam
3. Patient sufficiently monitored during exam.
4. Compassion shown to patient throughout exam.
5. Explain exam to patient
N/A
YES
NO
PACS
1. Images correctly saved to PACS
2. Patient history entered correctly and thoroughly.
3. Images saved and correctly sent to PACS.
N/A
YES
NO
WORK PERFORMANCE
1. Correctly zeroes out machine
2. Patient positioned correctly
3. Shielding used appropriately
4. Correct use of workstation
5. Correctly manipulates gantry
6. Scout images manipulated correctly
7. Exam ended
8. Images sent
9. Patient released correctly
Comments-
N/A
YES
NO
C.T Technologist Sig-__________________________CI Signature-______________________________
Student Sig.-_________________________________
23.
HORRY-GEORGETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TERMINAL COMPETENCY EVALUATION
* Failure to demonstrate the following objectives, when applicable, indicates incompetence and an automatic
failure will be recorded.
1. Verify correct identification of the patient.
2. Record LMP and/or check for possible pregnancy in females of childbearing age
(according to department protocol).
3. Document clinical history relevant to examination.
4. Follow Standard precautions.
5. Correctly place lead identification markers on film.
6. Utilize lead shielding when appropriate.
I.
PREPARATION- evaluation of room preparation, selection of appropriate cassettes and review
of requisition for pertinent information.
3 points____ room clean and properly prepared
____ correct size and # of cassettes selected
____requisition thoroughly reviewed
2 points
____minor negligence in room preparation
____most films selected appropriately in size and number
____requisition not thoroughly checked
1 point
____major negligence in room preparation
____incorrect film sizes chosen
____requisition glanced at
0 points- Gross Negligence
II.
No Improvement Needed
Improvement Needed
Marginally Acceptable
Unacceptable
PATIENT CARE - evaluation of assessment of patients condition, assistance and consideration
during procedure, explanation of procedure and removal of possible film artifacts.
3 points
____excellent evaluation and communication
2 points
____minor negligence
1 point
____major negligence
0 point
____gross negligence
No Improvement Needed
Improvement Needed
Marginally Acceptable
Unacceptable
24.
III. POSITIONING AND TECHNICAL SKILLS-evaluation of Instructions given; correct positioning,
central ray direction and alignment; use of collimation; proper exposure factors set.
3 points
____exact positioning and angulation
____less than 1” misalignment of film, part or CR
____beam limited to area of interest
2 points
____minor inaccuracy of positioning or angulation
____more than 1- 2” misalignment of film, part or CR
____inaccurate collimation
1 point
____major error in positioning and/or angulation
____more than 2” misalignment of film, part or CR
____poor collimation
0 point
____gross error in positioning and/or angulation
____misalignment of film, part or CR (enough to clip anatomy)
____no collimation or over collimation to obscure area of interest
IV.
No Improvement Needed
Acceptable
Marginally Acceptable
Unacceptable
IMAGE EVALUATION- evaluation of overall density and contrast, ability to identify proper
evaluation criteria
3 points
____evaluation criteria properly identified per view
____good understanding of contrast and density
____all areas of interest well visualized
2 points
____minor error in identifying evaluation criteria per view
____minor misconceptions of contrast and density
1 point
____major errors in identifying evaluation criteria
____major misconceptions of contrast and density
0 points
____no correct identification of evaluation criteria
____no understanding of contrast and density
No Improvement Needed
Acceptable
Marginally Acceptable
Unacceptable
Terminal Competency based on 6-9 projections. Grading scale:
A: 92-100
B: 84-91
C: 76-83
D: 68-82
F: 0-67
*Students must receive a C or better to pass the Terminal Competency Evaluation.
* All TC grades will be averaged for Final Grade.
24.
HORRY-GEORGETOWN TECHNICAL COLLEGE
TERMINAL COMPETENCY EVALUATION
STUDENT NAME-_______________________________DATE-__________________
I. Preparation- 0-3 points total for entire study
II. Patient Care- 0-3 points total for entire study
_____total points
_____total points
III. Positioning and Technical Skills
_____total points
EXAMS
1.__________________ 2.___________________ 3._________________
Proj.1
Proj.2
Proj.3
_______pts.
_______pts.
_______pts.
Proj.1 _________pts.
Proj.2 _________pts.
Proj.3. ________ pts.
Proj. 1.________pts.
Proj. 2. _______ pts.
Proj. 3. _______ pts.
IV. Image Evaluation
Proj.1 _______pts
Proj.2 _______pts.
Proj.3 _______pts.
____total points
Proj.1._________pts
Proj.2._________pts.
Proj.3._________pts.
Proj. 1. ______pts.
Proj. 2. _______pts.
Proj. 3. _______pts.
TOTAL POINTS/PERCENTAGE/GRADE: Add total from I., II.,III. and IV. and divide by total possible
points for final grade.
60 points
59-98%
58-97%
57-95%
56-93%
55-92%
54-90%
53-88%
52-86%
51-85%
50-83%
54 points
53-98%
52-96%
51-94%
50-93%
49-91%
48-89%
47-87%
46-85%
45-83%
48 points
47-98%
46-96%
45-94%
44-92%
43-90%
42-88%
41-85%
40-83%
Scale-
42 points
41-97%
40-95%
39-93%
38-90%
37-88%
36-86%
35-83%
92-100
84-91
76-83
68-83
0-67
A
B
C
D
F
Evaluator-_______________________Student Signature-______________________________
Comments-
25.
Professional Development
Professional Evaluations will account for 50% of final grade for ALL clinical rotations.
PD’s are due on specific dates.
If a PD is submitted late, and is un-excused, the grade will be counted as a 0.
Weekly progress sheets must be submitted to assigned technologist at beginning of each week. The
radiographer will fill out and submit directly to the Clinical Instructor.
Students may view progress sheets at conclusion of semester, if requested.
1st through 6th semester Professional Evaluation outcomes
1. Demonstrate appropriate patient care through the following behaviors
a. Checks M.D. orders and reviews with RT to ensure reason – diagnosis is relative to exam
b. Obtains detailed history from patient and properly records the information
c. Speaks professionally in an audible tone of voice: clearly/distinctly with sufficient volume
d. Uses appropriate radiation protection for all involved members – shielding and proper
collimation
e. Shows concern for patient needs and maintains a safe/modest environment throughout
procedure
f. Follow standard precautions and cleans and tidy's room before/after each patient
g. Refers to patient by proper name and communicates well, shows sufficient concern
2. Demonstrate radiographic abilities according to level of instruction
a. Demonstrates knowledge of radiographic equipment
b. Demonstrates proper use of patient transport equipment – wheelchair, cart, moving devices
c. performs exams effectively/efficiently to increase patient comfort
d. Works independently and with focus on task at hand
e. Marks images correctly during exam
f. Able to obtain quality images for level reached – properly post – processes
g. Shows knowledge of daily hospital/department policies
h. Consistently utilizes suggestions for improving performance
i. Does not unnecessarily repeat tasks/images – able to modify routine based on patient condition
j. Strives for understanding of control panel – when able, makes proper technique selections
3. Demonstrates professional behavior and a willingness to learn
a. Arrives on time and promptly begins assignments
b. Shows initiative – uses time appropriately when department is slow
c. Stays with the signed tech and notifies them when leaving area
d. Speech and actions are appropriate for clinical setting – with RT, patients, MDs, healthcare
team
e. Treats patients, RT's, healthcare team with respect and courtesy
f. Follows dress code and comes prepared to clinic – technique book, dosimeter, lead markers
g. Has a positive attitude, refrains from negative talk and actions
h. Maintains composure in all situations
i. Accepts advice and takes responsibility for actions – uses advice constructively
j. Recognizes supervisory role of C I, RT's, MDs and administrators
k. Communicates/works well with healthcare team/helps others when available
26.
HGTC Radiologic Technology Program
Professional Development Evaluation
1st -6th semesters
Name-_______________________Site-_____________________Date-____________________
4- Excellent, 3-Above average, 2- average, 1-below average 0- not demonstrated, N/A- not applicable
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Patient Care
Checks MD orders and reviews with RT to ensure reason-diagnosis is relative to exam
Obtains detailed history from patient and properly records the information
Speaks professionally in an audible tone of voice: clearly / distinctly with sufficient volume
Uses appropriate rad protection for all involved members- shielding and proper collimation
Shows concern for pt needs and maintains a safe/modest environment throughout procedure
Follows site protocol regarding Patient Identification before exam performance
Follows standard precautions and cleans and tidies room before/after each patient
Refers to patient by proper name and communicates well, shows sufficient concern
Pts
Total-(1-4)-_______
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Radiographic Abilities / Work Performance/ Efficiency/ Use of Equipment
Demonstrates knowledge of radiographic equipment
Demonstrates proper use of Patient Transport Equipment – (WC, cart, moving devices)
Performs exams effectively/efficiently to increase patient comfort
Works independently and with focus on task at hand
Mark images correctly during exam – properly post-processes
Able to obtain quality images for level reached- properly positions
Shows knowledge of daily hospital /department policies
Consistently utilizes suggestions for improving performance
Does not unnecessarily repeat tasks/images- able to modify routine based on pt condition
Strives for understanding of control panel- when able, makes proper technique selections
Pts
Total-(1-4)-_______
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Professionalism
Arrives on time and promptly begins assignments-Days missed/tardyShows initiative- uses time appropriately when department is slow- ex. practices positioning
Stays with assigned tech and notifies them when leaving area
Speech and actions are appropriate for clinic setting- with RT’s, patients, MD’s, healthcare
team
Treats patients, RT’s, MD’s, healthcare team with respect and courtesy
Follows dress code and comes prepared to clinic- technique book, dosimeter, lead markers
Has a positive attitude , refrains from negative talk and actions
Maintains composure in all situations
Accepts advice and takes responsibility for actions- uses advice constructively
Recognizes supervisory role of CI, RT’s, MD’s and administrators
Communicates / works well with healthcare team/ helps others when available ie.stock,
prep,etc
Pts
Total-(1-4)-_______
27.
COMMENTS-
Clinical Scale Conversions for Grade Percentages
Grade A
__
4.0
- 100%
3.99- 3.94 - 99%
3.93- 3.88 - 98%
3.87- 3.82 - 97%
3.81- 3.75 - 96%
Grade C
Grade B_____
3.74 – 3.60 - 95%
3.59 – 3.50 - 94%
3.49 – 3.40 - 93%
3.39 - 3.30 - 92%
3.29 – 3.20 - 91%
2.91 – 3.0 - 90%
_
Grade D____
2.90 - 2.80 - 89%
2.79 - 2.70 - 88%
2.69 – 2.60 - 87%
2.59 – 2.40 - 86%
2.39 – 2.30 - 85%
2.29 – 2.0 - 84%
1.99 – 1.80 - 83%
1.79 – 1.60 - 82%
1.59 – 1.50 - 81%
1.49 – 1.0 - 80%
Below a 1 or 79% is failing for clinical grades
All Total- ______________ Percent- ____________________
CI-Signature-_____________________________ Student Signature-___________________________
27.
Professional Development Progress Sheets
In addition to the required PD evaluation Sheets, weekly progress sheets must be completed by the staff
technologists and clinical instructors at the sites. These will help with constructive input from all rotations
throughout the department.
These forms are required weekly by every student and CI’s will instruct the student on which technologist
should be completing them. Once completed, the forms will go directly to the CI and will be used in tallying
the PD Evaluation sheet, which is part of the students final grade.
These forms are helpful to the students in addressing a weakness or strengths. The student does not have
weekly access to the results but may, upon request meet with the CC and review them, or request to view
them at the end of the grading semester.
● Please be aware that the progress sheets are for weekly assessment and the PD Evaluations are the forms
that are used for the final grade and must be handed in when due. You will receive a schedule of due dates
for your PD Evaluations.
It is your responsibility to carry your Clinical Handbook to your clinical rotations and have copies of all
required updated Paperwork. Every form you will need is in this handbook. It will be to your advantage to
have it available at all time and to review it periodically.
● Please. Also be aware that changes can be made to any/all paperwork at any time. In this event the
students will be informed, as will the staff at your clinical sites.
28.
HGTC Radiologic Technology Program
Professional Development Progress Sheet
1st -6th semesters
Name-________________________ Site-____________________Date-__________________
4- Excellent, 3-Above average, 2- average, 1-below average 0- not demonstrated, N/A- not applicable
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Patient Care
Pts
Checks MD orders and reviews with RT to ensure reason-diagnosis is relative to exam
Obtains detailed history from patient and properly records the information
Speaks professionally in an audible tone of voice: clearly/ distinctly with sufficient volume
Uses appropriate rad protection for all involved members- shielding and proper collimation
Shows concern for pt needs and maintains a safe/modest environment throughout procedure
Follows site protocol regarding Patient Identification before exam performance
Follows standard precautions and cleans and tidies room before/after each patient
Refers to patient by proper name and communicates well, shows sufficient concern
Total-________
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Radiographic Abilities / Work Performance/ Efficiency/ Use of Equipment
Pts
Demonstrates knowledge of radiographic equipment
Demonstrates proper use of Patient Transport Equipment – (WC, cart, moving devices)
Performs exams effectively/efficiently to increase patient comfort
Works independently and with focus on task at hand
Mark images correctly during exam -properly post-processes
Able to obtain quality images for level reached- properly positions.
Shows knowledge of daily hospital /department policies
Consistently utilizes suggestions for improving performance
Does not unnecessarily repeat tasks/images- able to modify routine based on pt condition
Strives for understanding of control panel- when able, makes proper technique selections
Total-_________
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Professionalism
Arrives on time and promptly begins assignments
Days missed/tardyShows initiative uses time appropriately when department is slow- ex. practices positioning
Stays with assigned tech and notifies them when leaving area
Speech and actions are appropriate for clinic setting- with RT’s, pts, MD’s, healthcare team
Treats patients, RT’s, MD’s, healthcare team with respect and courtesy
Follows dress code and comes prepared to clinic- technique book, dosimeter, lead markers
Has a positive attitude , refrains from negative talk and actions
Maintains composure in all situations
Accepts advice and takes responsibility for actions- uses advice constructively
Recognizes supervisory role of CI, RT’s, MD’s and administrators
Communicates / works well with healthcare team/ helps others when available ie.stock,
prep,etc
Pts
(ms 09/11)
Total-________
29.
Horry-Georgetown Technical College Radiography Program
Venipuncture Policy
1. The college lecture portion of venipuncture is taught in Positioning II, however, affiliates may
require additional in-house training before the student is allowed to attempt the procedure on
patients.
2. When a student is performing venipuncture, a qualified staff member must be present in the room for
the entire procedure, form the needle stick through the complete injection of contrast medium.
Qualified staff may include physicians, nurses, or radiographers who have been certified competent
in venipuncture through regular hospital procedures.
3. At no time is a student to be left alone in a radiographic room during venipuncture or the injection of
contrast medium. This rule applies even after the student has obtained competence.
4. A student is normally permitted only one stick per patient. At the hospitals discretion, a supervising
staff member may authorize an additional attempt by the student. Under no circumstances is a
student permitted a third attempt at a needle stick.
5. The Venipuncture Competency Form is the form that will be used to verify competency. The form
must be signed by the Clinical Instructor and kept on file with the Clinical Coordinator.
6. The hospital may add additional venipuncture policies or requirements, as deemed necessary and
students are required to abide by all policies.
30.
Horry-Georgetown Technical College
Radiography Program
VENIPUNCTURE COMPETENCY
Evaluator-______________________
Student Name-________________________
Evaluator: Each student must successfully perform venipuncture on THREE (3) separate patients before attempting this
competency.
Reminder: Students are never to inject contrast without a technologist present in the room.
Practice #1________________ #2__________________ #3___________________
Competency PASS_____________
REPEAT_____________________
SKILL
S
Identify location of crash cart
Assemble all necessary materials prior to beginning venipuncture
Identify patient
Explain procedure to the patient
Obtain allergy history and consent form
Select proper contrast material
Select proper needle/infusion set
Wash hands
Apply gloves
Skin prep with alcohol, circular motion
Apply tourniquet for venipuncture
Select optimum vessel
Insert butterfly at 10-15 degree angle, bevel up
Obtain flashback of blood into tubing/syringe
Secure needle with tape
Release tourniquet
Inject contrast
Observe for extravasation
Observe for adverse effects
Remove needle and apply pressure to site
Dispose of infusion set properly
Apply pressure dressing to venipuncture site
Remove gloves and wash hands
31.
Clinical Progression Policy
U
Aug 09
Students must be able to progress in clinical rotation by completing the expected requirements. Students who
have not completed the minimum requirements for the semester will be graded accordingly. For example a
student needing five Competencies and five Professional Developments, and has only completed three
Competencies, will receive zeros for the two not completed and the grades will be averaged. If the student
has not completed enough Competencies to attain a grade of “C” or above, they will fail the clinical
requirement of the program.
If the student has not completed all required competencies, but has high enough grades from the other
competencies to pass, the student will be given that grade, but will also be placed on Clinical Probation and
will receive a written warning stating that all of the previous missed competencies must be completed by the
following semester. Students may choose to attend clinic over breaks, during daytime hours to catch up with
clinical work.
Students may not receive more than one Clinical Probation letter. A second Clinical Probation will result in
dismissal from the program.
Students who have not completed the required work during their last semester, will follow the same policy.
If the student’s averaged grade is a “C” or above they must complete all unfinished competencies within two
weeks of graduation. If the student does not finish the required work within two weeks, they will “fail” the
last clinical semester.
32.
ARRT Requirements
THORAX
Student-
Rev 3-2012
Date
Date
Chest, Routine- PA/Lat
Chest- AP & lat - WC
Chest- AP & lat- stretcher
Chest, Lateral decubes
ST Neck
Ribs (uni or bilat)
Sternum
EXTREMITIES
Finger
Thumb
Hand
Wrist
Forearm
Elbow
Humerus
Shoulder, axillary view
Foot
Feet- weight bearing
Ankle
Lower leg
Knee
Knees wt bearing
Patella
Femur
Trauma- up. Ext.-non-shoulder
Trauma- low. Ext-adult
Scapula
Clavicle
AC joints
Trauma shoulder-y view
Toes
Os Calcis
HEAD & NECK
Facial bones
Nasal bones
Sinuses
Skull
Orbits
Zygoma/ arches
Mandible
Panorex
PEDIATRICS– (0-3 y/o)
Chest
Upper extremity
Lower extremity
Abdomen
Mobile study
m
m
m
e
e
m
e
Date
m
e
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
e
m
m
m
e
m
m
m
m
e
e
e
m
e
e
Date
Date
Date
Date
e
e
m
m
e
e
e
e
m
m
m
e
e
33.
SPINE & PELVIS
Date
Date
Cervical spine
XTL C-spine
C-Sp flex/ ext
Thoracic spine
Lumbar spine
L-Sp flex/ext
Pelvis
Hip w/ frog
AP & XTL hip
Scoliosis Study
Sacrum & Coccyx
SI joints
ABDOMEN / GI
KUB
Abdomen Series
Abdomen.- decubes
UGI Series
Sm.Bowel Series
Esophagus study
BE- w/ air
BE- w/out air
IVU
MOBILE/SURGICAL
Portable Chest
Port. Abdomen- adult
Port. Orthopedic- adult
m
m
e
m
m
e
m
m
m
e
e
e
Date
Date
Date
Date
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
e
m
m
m
m
Myelogram
Arthrogram
CystoStudy/ERCP/hyster-non OR
↑ Spec Proc checklist
e
e
m
Surg checklist/C-arm ortho
Surg checklist.C-arm non O
m
m
Sterile Technique/tray
Venipuncture Comp
m
e
Terminal Comp
m
CT Head
e
CT Abd w/o contrast
e
CT Neck w/ contrast
e
CT Chest w/contrast
e
CT Pelvis w/ contrast
e
CT CC’s do not count in final # of electives
33.
RADIOGRAPHY
DIDACTIC AND CLINICAL
COMPETENCY REQUIREMENTS
Eligibility Requirements Effective January 2012*
Candidates for certification are required to meet the Professional Requirements specified in Article II of the
ARRT Rules and Regulations. This document identifies the minimum didactic and clinical competency
requirements for certification referenced in the Rules and Regulations. Candidates who complete a formal
educational program accredited by a mechanism acceptable to the ARRT will have obtained education and
experience beyond the requirements specified here.
Didactic requirements
Candidates must successfully complete coursework addressing the topics listed in the A RRT content
specifications for the examination and radiography. These topics are presented in a format suitable
for instructional planning in the A SRT radiography curriculum (2007).
Clinical requirements
As part of their educational program, candidates must demonstrate competence in the clinical
activities identified in this document. Demonstration of clinical competence means that the program
director or designee has observed the candidate performing the procedure, and that the candidate
perform the procedure independently, consistently, and effectively. Candidates must demonstrate
competence in the areas listed below.
 Six mandatory general patient care activities.
 31 mandatory imaging procedures.
 15 electives imaging procedures to be selected from a list of 35 procedures.
 One electives imaging procedure from the head section.
 2 electives imaging procedures from the fluoroscopy study section, one of which must
be either an upper G.I. or Barium Enema.
Documentation
The following pages identify specific clinical competency requirements. Candidates may wish to use
these pages, or their equivalent, to record completion of the requirements. The pages do NOT need to
be sent to the ARRT.
To document that the didactic and clinical requirements have been satisfied, candidates must have
the program director (and authorized faculty member if required) signed the ENDORSEMENT
SECTION of the Application for Certification included in the Certification Handbook.
* Note: candidates who complete their educational program during 2012 or 2013 may use either the
previous requirements (effective 2005) or the current requirements (effective 2012). Candidates who
graduate after December 31, 2013 may no longer use the previous competency requirements.
Copyright © 2010 by The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists ® . All rights reserved.
Radiography
Clinical Competency Requirements
The clinical competency requirements include the six general patient care activities listed below in a subset
of the 66 imaging procedures identified on subsequence pages. Demonstration of competence should include
variations in patient characteristics (e.g. age, gender, medical condition).
1. General Patient Care
Requirement: candidates must demonstrate competence in all six patient care activities listed below.
The activities should be performed on patients; however, simulation is acceptable (see footnote) if
state or institutional regulations prohibit candidates from performing the procedures on patients.
General patient care
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Date
Completed
Competence
Verified By
CPR
Vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, respiration)
Sterile and aseptic technique
Venipuncture
Transfer of patient
Care of patient medical equipment (e.g., oxygen tank, IV
tubing
Note: The A RRT requirements specify that certain clinical procedures may be simulated. Simulations must
meet the following criteria: (a) the student is required to competently demonstrate skills as similar as
circumstances permit to the cognitive, psychomotor, and effective skills required in the clinical setting; (b)
the program director is confident that the skills required to competently perform the simulated task will
generalize or transfer to the clinical setting, and, if applicable, the student will evaluate related images.
Examples of acceptable simulations include: demonstrating CPR on a mannequin, positioning a fellow
student for a projection without actually activating the x-ray beam, and performing venipuncture by
demonstrating aseptic technique on another person, but then inserting the needle into an artificial forearm or
grapefruit.
Radiography
Clinical Competency Requirements (cont.)
2. Imaging Procedures
Requirement: Candidates must demonstrate competence in all 31 procedures identified as
mandatory (M). Procedures should be performed on patient; however, up to eight mandatory
procedures may be simulated (see previous page) if demonstration on patients is not feasible.
Candidates must demonstrate competence in 15 of the 35 elective (E) procedures. Candidates must
select one elective procedure from the head section. Candidates must select either upper G.I. or
barium enema plus one other elective from the fluoroscopy section. Elective procedures should be
performed on patients; however, electives may be simulated (see previous page) if demonstration on
patients is not feasible.
Institutional protocol will determine the positions or projections used for each procedure.
Demonstration of competence includes requisition evaluation, patient assessment, room preparation,
patient management, equipment operation, technique selection, positioning skills, radiation safety,
image processing, and image evaluation.
Imaging Procedure
Chest and Thorax
1. Chest Routine
2. Chest AP (WC or stretcher)
3. Ribs
4. Chest Lateral Decubitus
5. Sternum
6. Upper Airway (Soft-Tissue Neck)
Upper Extremity
7. Thumb or Finger
8. Hand
9. Wrist
10. Forearm
11. Elbow
12. Humerus
13. Shoulder
14. Trauma: Shoulder (Scapular Y,
Transthoracic, or Axillary) *
15. Clavicle
16. Scapula
17. AC Joints
18. Trauma: Upper Extremity
(Nonshoulder) *
Mandatory or
Date
Elective
Completed
Patient or
Simulated
Competence
Verified By
M
M
M
E
E
E
E
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
E
E
E
M
* Trauma is considered a serious injury or shock to the body. Modifications may include variations
in positioning, minimal movement of the body part, etc.
Radiography
Clinical Competency Requirements (cont)
Imaging Procedure
Lower Extremity
19. Toes
20. Foot
21. Ankle
22. Knee
23. Tibia-Fibula
24. Femur
25. Trauma: Lower Extremity*
26. Patella
27. Calcaneus (Os Calcis)
Head- Candidates must select at
least one elective procedure from
this section.
28. Skull
29. Paranasal Sinuses
30. Facial Bones
31. Orbits
32. Zygomatic Arches
33. Nasal Bones
34. Mandible
Spine and Pelvis
35. Cervical Spine
36. Trauma: Cervical Spine (Cross
Table
Lateral) *
37. Thoracic Spine
38. Lumbar Spine
39. Pelvis
40. Hip
41. Cross Table Lateral Hip
42. Sacrum and/or Coccyx
43. Scoliosis Series
44. Sacroiliac Joints
Abdomen
45. Abdomen Supine (KUB)
46. Abdomen Upright
47. Abdomen Decubitus
48. Intravenous Urography
Mandatory
or Elective
Date
Completed
Patient or
Simulated
Competence
Verified By
E
M
M
M
M
M
M
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
M
E
M
M
M
M
M
E
E
E
M
M
E
E
* Trauma is considered a serious injury or shock to the body. Modifications may include variations in
positioning, minimal movement of the body part, etc.
Radiography
Clinical Competency Requirements (cont.)
Mandatory
Imaging Procedure
or Elective
Fluoroscopy Studies- Candidates
must select either Upper GI or
Barium Enema plus one other elective
procedure from this section.
49. Upper GI Series (Single or Double
E
Contrast)
50. Barium Enema (Single or Double
E
Contrast)
51. Small Bowel Series
E
52. Esophagus
E
53. Cystography/Cystourethrography
E
54. ERCP
E
55. Myelography
E
56. Arthrography
E
Surgical Studies
57. C-Arm Procedure (Orthopedic)
M
58. C-Arm Procedure (Non-Orthopedic)
E
Mobile Studies
59. Chest
M
60. Abdomen
M
61. Orthopedic
M
Pediatrics (age 6 or younger)
62. Chest Routine
M
63. Upper Extremity
E
64. Lower Extremity
E
65. Abdomen
E
66. Mobile Study
E
Date
Completed
Patient or
Simulated
Competence
Verified By
CONTENT SPECIFICATIONS FOR
THE EXAMINATION IN RADIOGRAPHY
Publication Date: August 2010
Implementation Date: January 2012
The purpose of the ARRT Examination in Radiography is to assess the knowledge and
cognitive skills underlying the intelligent performance of the tasks typically required of the staff
technologist at entry into the profession. To identify the knowledge and skills covered by the
examination, the ARRT periodically conducts practice analysis studies involving a nationwide
sample of staff technologists1. The results of the most recent practice analysis are reflected in
this document. The complete task inventory, which serves as the basis for these content
specifications, is available from our website www.arrt.org.
The table below presents the five major content categories, along with the number and
percentage of test questions appearing in each category. The remaining pages provide a
detailed listing of topics addressed within each major content category.
This document is not intended to serve as a curriculum guide. Although certification programs
and educational programs may have related purposes, their functions are clearly different.
Educational programs are generally broader in scope and address subject matter not included
in these content specifications.
CONTENT
CATEGORY
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Radiation Protection
Equipment Operation and Quality Control
Image Acquisition and Evaluation
Imaging Procedures
Patient Care and Education
% OF
TEST
NUMBER
OF
QUESTIONS
2
22.5%
11.0%
22.5%
29.0%
15.0%
100%
45
22
45
58
30
200
1.
A special debt of gratitude is due to the hundreds of professionals participating in this
project as committee members, survey respondents, and reviewers.
2.
Each exam includes up to an additional 20 unscored (pilot) questions. On the pages that
follow, the approximate number of test questions allocated to each content category
appears in parentheses.
Copyright © 2010 by The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists . All rights reserved.
Reproduction in whole or part is not permitted without the written consent of the ARRT.
A. RADIATION PROTECTION (45)
1. Biological Aspects of Radiation (10)
A. Radiosensitivity
1.
2.
3.
4.
dose-response relationships
relative tissue radiosensitivities
(e.g., LET, RBE)
cell survival and recovery (LD50)
oxygen effect
2. Minimizing Patient Exposure (15)
A. Exposure Factors
1.
2.
B. Shielding
1.
2.
3.
B. Somatic Effects
1.
2.
3.
4.
short-term versus long-term effects
acute versus chronic effects
carcinogenesis
organ and tissue response (e.g., eye,
thyroid, breast, bone marrow, skin,
gonadal)
CNS
hemopoietic
GI
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
genetic significant dose
goals of gonadal shielding
Photon Interactions with Matter
1.
2.
3.
4.
Compton effect
photoelectric absorption
coherent (classical) scatter
attenuation by various tissues
a. thickness of body part (density)
b. type of tissue (atomic number)
effect on skin and organ exposure
effect on average beam energy
NCRP recommendations (NCRP #102,
minimum filtration in useful beam)
E. Exposure Reduction
E. Genetic Impact
F.
purpose of primary beam restriction
types (e.g., collimators)
D. Filtration
D. Embryonic and Fetal Risks
1.
2.
rationale for use
types
placement
C. Beam Restriction
C. Acute Radiation Syndromes
1.
2.
3.
kVp
mAs
F.
patient positioning
automatic exposure control (AEC)
patient communication
digital imaging
pediatric dose reduction
ALARA
Image Receptors (e.g., types, relative speed,
digital versus film)
G. Grids
H. Fluoroscopy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
pulsed
exposure factors
grids
positioning
fluoroscopy time
(Section A continues on the following page)
A. RADIATION PROTECTION (cont.)
3. Personnel Protection (11)
A. Sources of Radiation Exposure
1.
2.
3.
primary x-ray beam
secondary radiation
a. scatter
b. leakage
patient as source
B. Basic Methods of Protection
1.
2.
3.
time
distance
shielding
C. Protective Devices
1.
2.
3.
types
attenuation properties
minimum lead equivalent (NCRP #102)
D. Special Considerations
1.
2.
3.
portable (mobile) units
fluoroscopy
a. protective drapes
b. protective Bucky slot cover
c. cumulative timer
guidelines for fluoroscopy and portable
units (NCRP #102, CFR-21)
a. fluoroscopy exposure rates
b. exposure switch guidelines
4. Radiation Exposure and Monitoring (9)
A. Units of Measurement*
1.
2.
3.
absorbed dose
dose equivalent
exposure
B. Dosimeters
1.
2.
types
proper use
C. NCRP Recommendations for Personnel
Monitoring (NCRP #116)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
occupational exposure
public exposure
embryo/fetus exposure
ALARA and dose equivalent limits
evaluation and maintenance of personnel
dosimetry records
D. Medical Exposure of Patients (NCRP #160)
1. typical effective dose per exam
2. comparison of typical doses by modality
* Conventional units are generally used. However,
questions referenced to specific reports (e.g., NCRP)
will use SI units to be consistent with such reports.
B. EQUIPMENT OPERATION AND QUALITY CONTROL (22)
1. Principles of Radiation Physics (9)
D. Components of Digital Imaging (CR and DR)
A. X-Ray Production
1.
2.
3.
4.
B. Target Interactions
1.
2.
3.
4.
frequency and wavelength
beam characteristics
a. quality
b. quantity
c. primary versus remnant (exit)
inverse square law
fundamental properties (e.g., travel in
straight lines, ionize matter)
2. Imaging Equipment (9)
A. Components of Radiographic Unit (fixed or
mobile)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
operating console
x-ray tube construction
a. electron sources
b. target materials
c. induction motor
automatic exposure control (AEC)
a. radiation detectors
b. back-up timer
c. density adjustment (e.g., +1 or –1)
manual exposure controls
beam restriction devices
B. X-Ray Generator, Transformers, and
Rectification System
1.
2.
basic principles
phase, pulse, and frequency
C. Components of Fluoroscopic Unit (fixed or
mobile)
1.
2.
3.
4.
image intensifier
viewing systems
recording systems
automatic brightness control (ABC)
PSP - photo-stimulable phosphor
flat panel detectors - direct and indirect
start up and shut down
CR plate erasure
equipment cleanliness (imaging plates,
CR plates)
E. Types of Units
1.
2.
bremsstrahlung
characteristic
C. X-Ray Beam
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
source of free electrons (e.g., thermionic
emission)
acceleration of electrons
focusing of electrons
deceleration of electrons
F.
dedicated chest unit
tomography unit
Accessories
1.
2.
3.
stationary grids
Bucky assembly
image receptors
3. Quality Control of Imaging Equipment and
Accessories (4)
A. Beam Restriction
1.
2.
light field to radiation field alignment
central ray alignment
B. Recognition and Reporting of Malfunctions
C. Digital Imaging Receptor Systems
1.
2.
3.
artifacts (e.g., non-uniformity, erasure)
maintenance (e.g., detector fog)
display monitor quality assurance
D. Shielding Accessories (e.g., lead apron and
glove testing)
C. IMAGE ACQUISITION AND EVALUATION (45)
1. Selection of Technical Factors (20)
A. Factors Affecting Radiographic Quality. Refer to Attachment C to clarify terms that may occur on the exam.
(X indicates topics covered on the examination)
1.
Density/Brightness
a. mAs
X
b. kVp
X
c.
2.
Contrast/Gray
Scale
X (air gap)
X
e. focal spot size
f.
grids*
4.
Distortion
X
X
X
X
X
OID
d. SID
3.
Recorded
Detail/Spatial
Resolution
X
X
X
g. filtration
X
X
h. film-screen
X
i.
beam restriction
X
j.
motion
X
X
X
k.
anode heel effect
X
l.
patient factors (size,
pathology)
X
X
m. angle (tube, part, or receptor)
X
X
X
X
* Includes conversion factors for grids
B. Technique Charts
1.
2.
3.
4.
pre-programmed techniques –
anatomically programmed radiography
(APR)
caliper measurement
fixed versus variable kVp
special considerations
a. casts
b. anatomic and pathologic factors
c. pediatrics
d. contrast media
D. Digital Imaging Characteristics
1.
2.
spatial resolution
a. sampling frequency
b. DEL (detector element size)
c. receptor size and matrix size
image signal (exposure related)
a. quantum mottle (noise)
b. SNR (signal to noise ratio) or
CNR (contrast to noise ratio)
C. Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)
1.
2.
3.
4.
effects of changing exposure factors on
radiographic quality
detector selection
anatomic alignment
density control (+1 or –1)
(Section C continues on the following page)
C. IMAGE ACQUISITION AND EVALUATION (cont.)
2. Image Processing and Quality
Assurance (12)
A. Image Identification
1.
2.
methods (e.g., photographic,
radiographic, electronic)
legal considerations (e.g., patient data,
examination data)
B. Film Screen Processing
1.
2.
3.
C.
film storage
components*
a. developer
b. fixer
maintenance/malfunction
a. start up and shut down procedure
b. possible causes of malfunction (e.g.,
improper temperature, contamination,
replenishment, water flow)
Digital Imaging Processing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
electronic collimation (masking)
grayscale rendition (look-up table (LUT),
histogram)
edge enhancement/noise suppression
contrast enhancement
system malfunctions (e.g., ghost image,
banding, erasure, dead pixels, readout
problems)
CR reader components
D. Image Display
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
viewing conditions (i.e., luminance,
ambient lighting
spatial resolution
contrast resolution/dynamic range
DICOM gray scale function
window level and width function
E. Digital Image Display Informatics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
PACS
HIS
RIS (modality work list)
Networking (e.g., HL7, DICOM)
Workflow (inappropriate documentation,
lost images, mismatched images,
corrupt data)
* Specific chemicals in the processing solutions will
not be covered (e.g., glutaraldehyde).
3. Criteria for Image Evaluation (13)
A. Brightness/Density (e.g., mAs, distance)
B. Contrast/Gray Scale (e.g., kVp, filtration, grids)
C. Recorded Detail (e.g., motion, poor filmscreen contact)
D. Distortion (e.g., magnification, OID, SID)
E. Demonstration of Anatomical Structures
(e.g., positioning, tube-part-image receptor
alignment)
F.
Identification Markers (e.g., anatomical,
patient, date)
G. Patient Considerations (e.g., pathologic
conditions)
H. Image artifacts (e.g., film handling, static,
pressure, grid lines, Moiré effect or aliasing)
I.
Fog (e.g., age, chemical, radiation,
temperature, safelight)
J.
Noise
K. Acceptable Range of Exposure
L.
Exposure Indicator Determination
M. Gross Exposure Error (e.g., mottle, light or
dark, low contrast)
D. IMAGING PROCEDURES (58)
This section addresses imaging procedures for the anatomic regions listed below (1 through 7). Questions will
cover the following topics:
1. Positioning (e.g., topographic landmarks, body positions, path of central ray, immobilization devices).
2. Anatomy (e.g., including physiology, basic pathology, and related medical terminology).
3. Technical factors (e.g., including adjustments for circumstances such as body habitus, trauma,
pathology, breathing techniques).
The specific radiographic positions and projections within each anatomic region that may be covered on the
examination are listed in Attachment A. A guide to positioning terminology appears in Attachment B.
1. Thorax (10)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chest
Ribs
Sternum
Soft Tissue Neck
2. Ab omen and GI
Studies (8)
A. Abdomen
B. Esophagus
C. Swallowing Dysfunction
Study
D. Upper GI Series, Single
or Double Contrast
E. Small Bowel Series
F. Barium Enema, Single
or Double Contrast
G. Surgical Cholangiography
H. ERCP
3. Urological Studies (3)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cystography
Cystourethrography
Intravenous Urography
Retrograde Pyelography
4. Spine and Pelvis (10)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Cervical Spine
Thoracic Spine
Scoliosis Series
Lumbar Spine
Sacrum and Coccyx
Sacroiliac Joints
Pelvis and Hip
5. Head (5)
Skull
Facial Bones
Mandible
Zygomatic Arch
Temporomandibular
Joints
F. Nasal Bones
G. Orbits
H. Paranasal Sinuses
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6. Extremities (20)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
Toes
Foot
Calcaneus (Os Calcis)
Ankle
Tibia, Fibula
Knee
Patella
Femur
Fingers
Hand
Wrist
Forearm
Elbow
Humerus
Shoulder
Scapula
Clavicle
Acromioclavicular Joints
6. Extremities (cont.)
S. Bone Survey
T. Long Bone
Measurement
U. Bone Age
V. Soft Tissue/Foreign
Bodies
7. Other (2)
A. Arthrography
B. Myelography
E. PATIENT CARE AND EDUCATION (30)
1. Ethical and Legal Aspects (4)
A. Patient’s Rights
1. informed consent (e.g., written, oral,
implied)
2. confidentiality (HIPAA)
3. additional rights (e.g., Patient’s Bill of
Rights)
a. privacy
b. extent of care (e.g., DNR)
c. access to information
d. living will; health care proxy
e. research participation
B. Legal Issues
1. examination documentation (e.g., patient
history, clinical diagnosis)
2. common terminology (e.g., battery,
negligence, malpractice)
3. legal doctrines (e.g., respondeat superior,
res ipsa loquitur)
4. restraints versus immobilization
C. ARRT Standards of Ethics
2. Interpersonal Communication (5)
A. Modes of Communication
1. verbal/written
2. nonverbal (e.g., eye contact, touching)
B. Challenges in Communication
1. patient characteristics
2. explanation of medical terms
3. strategies to improve understanding
4. cultural diversity
C. Patient Education
1.
explanation of current procedure
2.
respond to inquiries about other imaging
modalities (e.g., CT, MRI, mammography,
sonography, nuclear medicine, bone
densitometry regarding dose differences,
types of radiation, and patient preps)
3. Infection Control (5)
A. Terminology and Basic Concepts
1.
2.
asepsis
a. medical
b. surgical
c. sterile technique
pathogens
a. fomites, vehicles, vectors
b. nosocomial infections
B. Cycle of Infection
1. pathogen
2. source or reservoir of infection
3. susceptible host
4. method of transmission
a. contact (direct, indirect)
b. droplet
c. airborne/suspended
d. common vehicle
e. vector borne
C. Standard Precautions
1. handwashing
2. gloves, gowns
3. masks
4. medical asepsis (e.g., equipment
disinfection)
D. Additional or Transmission-Based
Precautions
1. airborne (e.g., respiratory protection,
negative ventilation)
2. droplet (e.g., particulate mask, restricted
patient placement)
3. contact (e.g., gloves, gown, restricted
patient placement)
E. Disposal of Contaminated Materials
1. linens
2. needles
3. patient supplies (e.g., tubes, emesis basin)
(Section E continues on the following page)
E. PATIENT CARE AND EDUCATION (cont.)
4. Physical Assistance and Transfer (4)
B. Complications/Reactions
1. local effects (e.g., extravasation/
infiltration, phlebitis)
2. systemic effects
a. mild
b. moderate
c. severe
3. emergency medications
4. radiographer’s response and
documentation
A. Patient Transfer and Movement
1.
2.
body mechanics (balance, alignment,
movement)
patient transfer
B. Assisting Patients with Medical Equipment
1.
2.
3.
infusion catheters and pumps
oxygen delivery systems
other (e.g., nasogastric tubes, urinary
catheters, tracheostomy tubes)
C. Routine Monitoring
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
equipment (e.g., stethoscope,
sphygmomanometer)
vital signs (e.g., blood pressure, pulse,
respiration)
physical signs and symptoms
(e.g., motor control, severity of injury)
documentation
Medical Emergencies (5)
A. Allergic Reactions (e.g., contrast media, latex)
B. Cardiac or Respiratory Arrest (e.g., CPR)
C. Physical Injury or Trauma
D. Other Medical Disorders (e.g., seizures,
diabetic reactions)
6.
Pharmacology (3)
A. Patient History
1. medication reconciliation (current
medications)
2. premedications
3. contraindications
4. scheduling and sequencing examinations
7.
Contrast Media (4)
A. Types and Properties (e.g., iodinated, water
soluble, barium, ionic versus non-ionic)
B. Appropriateness of Contrast Media to Exam
1. patient condition (e.g., perforated bowel)
2. patient age and weight
3. laboratory values (e.g., BUN creatinine,
GFR)
C. Patient Education
1. verify informed consent
2. instructions regarding preparation, diet,
and medications
3. pre- and post-examination instructions
(e.g., discharge instructions)
D. Venipuncture
1. venous anatomy
2. supplies
3. procedural technique
E. Administration
1. routes (e.g., IV, oral)
2. supplies (e.g., enema kits, needles)
Attachment A
Radiographic Positions and Projections
1. Thorax
A. Chest
1. PA upright
2. lateral upright
3. AP Lordotic
4. AP supine
5. lateral decubitus
6. anterior and posterior
obliques
B. Ribs
1. AP and PA, above and
below diaphragm
2. anterior and posterior
oblique
C. Sternum
1. lateral
2. RAO breathing technique
3. RAO expiration
4. LAO
5. PA sternoclavicular joints
6. anterior oblique
sternoclavicular joints
D. Soft Tissue Neck
1. AP upper airway
2. lateral upper airway
2. Abdomen and GI studies
A. Abdomen
1. AP supine
2. AP upright
3. lateral decubitus
4. dorsal decubitus
B. Esophagus
1. RAO
2. left lateral
3. AP
4. PA
5. LAO
C. Swallowing Dysfunction Study
D. Upper GI series*
1. AP scout
2. RAO
3. PA
4. right lateral
5. LPO
6. AP
E. Small Bowel Series
1. PA scout
2. PA (follow through)
3. ileocecal spots
4. enteroclysis procedure
F. Barium Enema*
1. left lateral rectum
2. left lateral decubitus
3. right lateral decubitus
4. LPO and RPO
5. PA
6. RAO and LAO
7. AP axial (butterfly)
8. PA axial (butterfly)
9. PA post-evacuation
G. Surgical Cholangiography
1. AP
H. ERCP
1. AP
* single or double contrast
3. Urological Studies
A. Cystography
1. AP
2. LPO and RPO 60º
3. lateral
4. AP 10-15º caudad
B. Cystourethrography
1. AP voiding
cystourethrogram female
2. RPO 30º, voiding cystogram
male
C. Intravenous Urography
1. AP, scout, and series
2. RPO and LPO 30º
3. PA post-void
4. AP post-void, upright
5. nephrotomography
6. AP ureteric compression
D. Retrograde Pyelography
1. AP scout
2. AP pyelogram
3. AP ureterogram
4. Spine and Pelvis
A. Cervical Spine
1. AP angle cephalad
2. AP open mouth
3. lateral
4. cross table lateral
5. anterior oblique
6. posterior oblique
7. lateral swimmers
8. lateral flexion and extension
9. AP dens (Fuchs)
10. PA dens (Judd)
B. Thoracic Spine
1. AP
2. lateral, breathing
3. lateral, expiration
C. Scoliosis Series
1. AP/PA scoliosis series
(Ferguson)
D. Lumbar Spine
1. AP
2. PA
3. lateral
4. L5-S1 lateral spot
5. posterior oblique 45º
6. anterior oblique 45º
7. AP L5-S1, 30-35º cephalad
8. AP right and left bending
9. lateral flexion and extension
E. Sacrum and Coccyx
1. AP sacrum, 15-25º cephalad
2. AP coccyx, 10-20º caudad
3. lateral sacrum and coccyx,
combined
4. lateral sacrum or coccyx,
separate
F. Sacroiliac Joints
1. AP
2. posterior oblique
3. anterior oblique
G. Pelvis and Hip
1. AP hip only
2. cross-table lateral hip
3. unilateral frog-leg, non-trauma
4. axiolateral inferosuperior,
trauma (Clements-Nakayama)
5. AP pelvis
6. AP pelvis, bilateral frog-leg
7. AP pelvis, axial anterior pelvic
bones (inlet, outlet)
8. anterior oblique pelvis,
acetabulum (Judet)
5. Head
A. Skull
1. AP axial (Towne)
2. lateral
3. PA (Caldwell)
4. PA no angle
5. submentovertical (full basal)
6. PA 25-30º angle (Haas)
7. trauma cross table lateral
8. trauma AP, 15º cephalad
9. trauma AP, no angle
10. trauma AP, axial (Towne)
B. Facial Bones
1. lateral
2. parietoacanthial (Waters)
3. PA (Caldwell)
4. PA (modified Waters)
C. Mandible
1. axiolateral oblique
2. PA no angle
3. AP axial (Towne)
4. PA semi-axial, 20-25º
cephalad
5. PA (modified Waters)
6. submentovertical (full basal)
D. Zygomatic Arch
1. submentovertical (full basal)
2. parietoacanthial (Waters)
3. AP axial (Towne)
4. axial oblique
5. lateral
E. Temporomandibular Joints
1. lateral (Law)
2. lateral (Schuller)
3. AP axial (Towne)
F. Nasal Bones
1. parietoacanthial (Waters)
2. lateral
3. PA (Caldwell)
G. Orbits
1. parietoacanthial (Waters)
2. lateral
3. PA (Caldwell)
H. Paranasal Sinuses
1. lateral
2. PA (Caldwell)
3. parietoacanthial (Waters)
4. submentovertical (full basal)
5. open mouth parietoacanthial
(Waters)
6. Extremities
A. Toes
1. AP, entire foot
2. oblique toe
3. lateral toe
B. Foot
1. AP angle toward heel
2. medial oblique
3. lateral oblique
4. mediolateral
5. lateromedial
6. sesamoids, tangential
7. AP weight bearing
8. lateral weight bearing
C. Calcaneus (Os Calcis)
1. lateral
2. plantodorsal, axial
3. dorsoplantar, axial
D. Ankle
1. AP
2. AP mortise
3. mediolateral
4. oblique, 45º internal
5. lateromedial
6. AP stress views
E. Tibia, Fibula
1. AP
2. lateral
3. oblique
F. Knee
1. AP
2. lateral
3. AP weight bearing
4. lateral oblique 45º
5. medial oblique 45º
6. PA
7. PA axial – intercondylar
fossa (tunnel)
G. Patella
1. lateral
2. supine flexion 45º (Merchant)
3. PA
4. prone flexion 90º (Settegast)
5. prone flexion 55º (Hughston)
H. Femur
1. AP
2. mediolateral
I. Fingers
1. PA entire hand
2. PA finger only
3. lateral
4. oblique
5. AP thumb
6. oblique thumb
7. lateral thumb
J. Hand
1. PA
2. lateral
3. oblique
K. Wrist
1. PA
2. oblique 45º
3. lateral
4. PA for scaphoid
5. scaphoid (Stecher)
6. carpal canal
L. Forearm
1. AP
2. lateral
M. Elbow
1. AP
2. lateral
3. external oblique
4. internal oblique
5. AP partial flexion
6. axial trauma (Coyle)
N. Humerus
1. AP non-trauma
2. lateral non-trauma
3. AP neutral trauma
4. scapular Y trauma
5. transthoracic lateral trauma
6. lateral, mid and distal, trauma
O. Shoulder
1. AP internal and external
rotation
2. inferosuperior axial, nontrauma
3. posterior oblique (Grashey)
4. tangential non-trauma
5. AP neutral trauma
6. transthoracic lateral trauma
7. scapular Y trauma
P. Scapula
1. AP
2. lateral, anterior oblique
3. lateral, posterior oblique
Q. Clavicle
1. AP
2. AP angle, 15-30º cephalad
3. PA angle, 15-30º caudad
R. Acromioclavicular Joints – AP
Bilateral With and Without
Weights
S. Bone Survey
T. Long Bone Measurement
U. Bone Age
V. Soft Tissue/Foreign Body
7. Other Procedures
A. Arthrography
B. Myelography
Attachment B
Standard Terminology
for Positioning and Projection
Radiographic View: Describes the body part as seen by the image receptor or other
recording medium, such as a fluoroscopic screen. Restricted to the discussion of a
radiograph or image.
Radiographic Position: Refers to a specific body position, such as supine, prone,
recumbent, erect, or Trendelenburg. Restricted to the discussion of the patient’s
physical position.
Radiographic Projection: Restricted to the discussion of the path of the central ray.
POSITIONING
TERMINOLOGY A.
Lying
Down
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
supine
prone
decubitus
recumbent
lying on the back
lying face downward
lying down with a horizontal x-ray
lying down in any position
Erect or Upright
1.
2.
3.
anterior position
posterior position
oblique position
facing the image receptor
facing the radiographic
erect or lying down
a. anterior (facing the image receptor)
i. left anterior oblique
ii. right anterior oblique
body rotated with the left anterior
portion closest to the image receptor
body rotated with the right anterior
portion closest to the image receptor
b. posterior (facing the radiographic tube)
i. left posterior oblique
ii. right posterior oblique
body rotated with the left posterior
portion closest to the image receptor
body rotated with the right posterior
portion closest to the image receptor
Anteroposterior Projection
Posteroanterior Projection
Right Lateral Position
Left Lateral Position
Left Posterior Oblique Position
Right Posterior Oblique Position
Left Anterior Oblique Position
Right Anterior Oblique Position
Attachment C
ARRT Standard
Definitions
Term
Film-Screen Radiography
Term
Digital Radiography
Recorded
Detail
The sharpness of the structural lines as recorded in the
radiographic image.
Spatial
Resolution
The sharpness of the structural edges recorded in the image.
Density
Radiographic density is the degree of blackening or opacity of an
area in a radiograph due to the accumulation of black metallic
silver following exposure and processing of a film.
Brightness
Brightness is the measurement of the luminance of a monitor calibrated
in units of candela (cd) per square meter on a monitor or soft copy.
Density = Log
Contrast
Density on a hard copy is the same as film.
i n ci dentl i ghtinte nsi ty
transm i tted l i ghtinte nsi ty
Radiographic contrast is defined as the visible differences
between any two selected areas of density levels within the
radiographic image.
Contrast
Scale of Contrast refers to the number of densities visible (or the
number of shades of gray).
Image contrast of display contrast is determined primarily by the
processing algorithm (mathematical codes used by the software to
provide the desired image appearance). The default algorithm
determines the initial processing codes applied to the image data.
Scale of Contrast is synonymous to “gray scale” and is linked to the bit
depth of the system. ‘Gray scale’ is used instead of “scale of contrast”
when referring to digital images.
Long Scale is the term used when slight differences between
densities are present (low contrast) but the total number of
densities is increased.
Short Scale is the term used when considerable or major
differences between densities are present (high contrast) but the
total number of densities is reduced.
Film
Latitude
The inherent ability of the film to record a long range of density
levels on the radiograph.
Dynamic
Range
The range of exposures that may be captured by a detector.
The dynamic range for digital imaging is much larger than film.
Film latitude and film contrast depend upon the sensitometric
properties of the film and the processing conditions, and are
determined directly from the characteristic H and D curve.
Film
Contrast
The inherent ability of the film emulsion to react to radiation and
record a range of densities.
Receptor
Contrast
The fixed characteristic of the receptor. Most digital receptors have an
essentially linear response to exposure. This is impacted by contrast
resolution (the smallest exposure change or signal difference that can
be detected). Ultimately, contrast resolution is limited by the dynamic
range and the quantization (number of bits per pixel) of the detector.
Exposure
Latitude
The range of exposure factors which will produce a diagnostic
radiograph.
Exposure
Latitude
The range of exposures which produces quality images at appropriate
patient dose.
Subject
Contrast
The difference in the quantity of radiation transmitted by a
particular part as a result of the different absorption characteristics
of the tissues and structures making up that part.
Subject
Contrast
The magnitude of the signal difference in the remnant beam.
HGTC STUDENT BACKGROUND CHECK, DRUG SCREENING
& IMMUNIZATION/HEALTH TRACKING PACKET
Criminal Background Checks: To comply with the requirements of accrediting organizations, clinical/field placement partners, and State and Federal
laws governing licensing, HGTC students are required to have acceptable criminal background checks and/or urine drug screening and/or appropriate
health information/immunizations to participate in placement(s) at clinical and field facilities.
Typically, these checks and proof of health information/immunizations must be provided prior to the start of the first semester requiring clinical/field
placement.
NOTE: Should your enrollment be interrupted (you miss a semester), new results for background
checks, urine drug screening and/or health/immunization will be required.
All fees and costs associated with any checks, screenings or immunization are the responsibility of the student.
Admission to any of the programs listed below is conditional.
Unsatisfactory results on the criminal background check or urine drug screening, or failure to complete any required health/immunization standards
WILL prevent enrollment or result in removal from enrollment in the program of study.
Criminal Background Check/Urine Drug
Screening/Immunization Tracker REQUIRED WITHIN
30 DAYS PRIOR TO START of 1st clinical/field class