DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
HEADQUARTERS AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY
14 SEP 2008
FROM:
HQ AFCESA/CEO
139 Barnes Drive, Suite 1
Tyndall AFB FL 32403-5319
SUBJECT: Engineering Technical Letter (ETL) 08-13: Incorporating Sustainable
Design and Development (SDD) and Facility Energy Attributes in the
Air Force Construction Program
1. Purpose. This ETL provides requirements, recommendations, and guidance for
sustainable strategies and energy reduction practices when planning, programming,
designing, and constructing Air Force facilities. By providing information and detail on
the requirements of the Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SSD) Policy
memorandum, this ETL will allow the Air Force military construction (MILCON) program
to successfully pursue sustainability goals and objectives. This ETL is interim guidance
that will be revised when efforts of the CE Transformation Commission Initiatives,
Project A-5, “Incorporating Sustainable Design and Development,” are completed.
2. Application. Mandatory requirements are defined in specific paragraphs and in
referenced publications.
2.1. Authority:
• Executive Order (E.O.) 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy,
and Transportation Management, 24 January 2007
• Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005), 8 August 2005
• Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, 19 December 2007
• Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), 17 January 2006
• Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 433 (10 CFR 433), Energy
efficiency standards for the design and construction of new Federal
commercial and multi-family high-rise residential buildings
• 10 CFR 434, Energy code for new Federal commercial and multi-family highrise residential buildings
• 10 CFR 436, Federal energy management and planning programs, Life Cycle
Cost Analysis, Subpart A—Methodology and Procedures
• Annual Supplement to Handbook 135 (ASHB 135), Energy Price Indices and
Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - April 2008 (or current version)
2.2. Effective Date: Immediately.
2.3. Intended Users:
• The Civil Engineer, Asset Management & Operations Division, Energy
Management (AF/A7CAE)
• Major command (MAJCOM) engineers/programmers/planners
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
•
•
•
•
•
Field operating agencies (FOA)
Direct reporting units (DRU)
Base civil engineers (BCE)
Design and construction managers and agents
A/E and other Air Force contractors
2.4. Coordination: MAJCOM planners, programmers, designers, and energy
managers.
2.5. Waivers: Public law requirements cannot be waived. Waivers to the
requirements of this ETL will not be granted except under paragraph 13.7,
purchasing Energy Star™ products.
3. Referenced Publications.
3.1. Air Force:
• Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SSD) policy memorandum,
31 July 2007, available at
http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/green/resources/A7C_Ltr_AFSustainableDesig
nandDevelopmentPolicy_1_Aug07.pdf
• Air Force instruction (AFI) 65-501, Economic Analysis, available at
http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/AFI65-501.pdf
• AFI 32-1021, Planning and Programming Military Construction (MILCON)
Projects, available at
http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/AFI32-1021.pdf
• AFI 32-1032, Planning and Programming Appropriated Funded Maintenance,
Repair, and Construction Projects, available at
http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/AFI32-1032.pdf
• AFI 32-1023, Designing and Construction Standards and Execution of Military
Construction Projects, available at
http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/AFI32-1023.pdf
• DOD Facility Metering Installation Initiative (Air Force policy memorandum on
metering requirements), 27 April 2006, available at
https://www.my.af.mil/gcssaf/USAF/AFP40/d/1074111407/Files/editorial/A7C_Ltr%252C_DoD_Facility_
Metering_Installation_Initiative%252C_27_Apr_06.pdf
• Air Force Sustainable Facilities Guide, available at
http://www.afcee.brooks.af.mil/dc/dcd/arch/rfg/index.html
• ETL
07-4,
Air
Force
Carpet
Standard,
available
at
http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/AF/AFETL/etl_07_4.pdf
3.2. Joint Service:
• Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) 3-400-01, Energy Conservation, available at
http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4
• UFC 3-420-01, Plumbing Systems, available at
http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4
2
•
•
•
•
UFC 4-030-01, Sustainable Development, available at
http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_cat.php?o=29&c=4
Unified Facilities Guide Specification (UFGS) 32 84 23, Underground
Sprinkler Systems, available at
http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_org.php?o=70
UFGS 32 84 24, Irrigation Sprinkler Systems, available at
http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/browse_org.php?o=70
Department of Defense Instruction (DODI) 4170.11, Installation Energy
Management, 22 November 2005, available at
http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/html/417011.htm
3.3. Federal:
• 10 CFR 433, Energy efficiency standards for the design and construction of
new Federal commercial and multi-family high-rise residential buildings,
available at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_08/10cfrv3_08.html
• 10 CFR 434, Energy code for new Federal commercial and multi-family highrise residential buildings, available at
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_08/10cfrv3_08.html
• 10 CFR 436, Federal energy management and planning programs, Life Cycle
Cost Analysis, Subpart A—Methodology and Procedures, available at
http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_08/10cfrv3_08.html
• Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings MOU,
17 January 2006, is available at
http://www.fedcenter.gov/_kd/Items/actions.cfm?action=Show&item_id=4713
&destination=ShowItem
• E.O. 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and
Transportation
Management,
24
January
2007,
available
at
http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/2007.html
• Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005), 8 August 2005, available at
http://www.epa.gov/oust/fedlaws/publ_109-058.pdf
• Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007, 19 December 2007,
available at www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/eisa_femp.pdf
• Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) Subpart 23.2, Energy and Water
Efficiency and Renewable Energy, available at
http://www.arnet.gov/far/current/html/Subpart%2023_2.html
3.4. Other Publications:
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Reference Guide
and other information, available at
http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CategoryID=19
• Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG), Value Engineering, available at
http://www.wbdg.org/project/value_engineering.php
• WBDG,
Life-Cycle
Cost
Analysis
(LCCA),
available
at
http://www.wbdg.org/resources/lcca.php
• WBDG, Use Economic Analysis to Evaluate Design Alternatives, available at
http://www.wbdg.org/design/use_analysis.php
3
•
WBDG, Sustainable, available at
http://www.wbdg.org/design/sustainable.php
• ASHB 135, Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost
Analysis
(April
2008
or
current
version),
available
at
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/lifecycle.html
• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE) Standard 55-2004, available at
http://www.ashrae.org/publications/
• ASHRAE Standard 90.1, available at http://www.ashrae.org/publications/
Analysis to Evaluate Design
4. Acronyms and Terms.
A/E
AF/A7CC
AFCEE/TDB
AFCESA/CENF
AFI
BCE
BLCC
BOD
CCD
CFR
CHP
CoC
CoP
DOD
DRU
E.O.
ECONPACK
EMCS
FAR
FOA
GSHP
HVAC
LCC
LEED
LEED AP
LEED-NC
MAJCOM
MILCON
MOU
NIST
O&M
PM
RD
- architect/engineer
- Air Force Civil Engineer, Construction Division
- Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment,
Built Infrastructure Division
- Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency, Facility Energy Center
- Air Force instruction
- base civil engineer
- building life-cycle cost
- beneficial occupancy date
- Customer Concept Document
- Code of Federal Regulations
- combined heat and power
- Certificate of Compliance
- community of practice
- Department of Defense
- direct reporting unit
- Executive Order
- Economic Analysis Package
- energy management control system
- Federal Acquisition Regulation
- field operating unit
- ground source heat pumps
- heating, ventilation, air conditioning
- life-cycle cost
- Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
- LEED Accredited Professional
- LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations
- major command
- military construction
- memorandum of understanding
- National Institute of Standards and Technology
- operations and maintenance
- project manager
- Requirements Document
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S/R&M
SDD
UFC
USGBC
VE
- Sustainment, Restoration and Modernization
- sustainable design and development
- Unified Facilities Criteria
- U.S. Green Building Council
- value engineering
5. Background.
5.1. Sustainable development for the Air Force is defined as the process of planning,
programming, designing, constructing, operating, maintaining, and disposing/reusing
facilities; promoting high-performance buildings and energy efficiency; infrastructure
that minimizes the environmental burden; and providing a healthy and safe working
environment. In this way the Air Force ensures the "best fit" of the built environment
to the natural environment.
5.2. Design and construction based on lowest first cost typically results in facilities
with greater energy intensity and less reliability that affects comfort and productivity
and wastes energy for the entire life of the facility. Planning, programming,
designing, and constructing from a whole building perspective reduce the life-cycle
cost of Air Force facilities.
5.3. The U.S. Green Building Council’s (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) green building rating system is the Air Force
approach and metric to address sustainability. LEED provides a complete framework
for assessing building performance and meeting sustainability goals. LEED
organizes sustainable strategies in the following categories: Sustainable Sites;
Water Efficiency; Energy and Atmosphere; Materials and Resources; Indoor
Environmental quality; and Innovation and Design.
6. Project Delivery and LEED.
6.1. The LEED rating system encourages a collaborative, integrated planning and
design process, including initiating and maintaining an integrated project team in all
stages of a project’s planning and delivery; establishing performance goals for siting,
energy, water, materials, and indoor environmental quality, along with other
comprehensive design goals, and ensuring incorporation of these goals throughout
the design and life-cycle of the building; and considering all stages of the building’s
life-cycle, including reuse and eventual deconstruction.
6.2. The current Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SDD) Policy
memorandum requires that MILCON vertical new construction and major
renovations projects (with climate control) can achieve LEED Silver level
certification. In the case of building additions, this applies to portions of the facility
within the scope of the project only. The policy further requires that other MILCON
projects (horizontal, utility, and industrial) achieve a benchmark level of LEED
credits, guidance for which is provided in the Air Force Sustainable Design and
5
Development (SDD) Policy memorandum. In both instances, the LEED rating
system referenced is LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations (LEEDNC). USGBC has other rating systems within its portfolio, including Existing
Buildings (LEED-EB), Core and Shell (LEED-CS) and Commercial Interiors (LEEDCI). It is recognized that, in some instances, LEED-NC has little relevance to a
project and that another LEED rating system may more closely align itself with the
scope. In those instances, coordinate with AFCEE/TDB on a case-by-case basis to
determine if another rating system should be used for the project. If another LEED
rating system is used with the project, the checklist review and evaluation must still
be accomplished in accordance with the Air Force Sustainable Design and
Development (SDD) Policy memorandum and must be submitted electronically to
AFCEE/TDB at afcee.tdbwkflorgbox@brooks.af.mil.
6.3. Sustainable opportunities present themselves in all phases of a project delivery
process, including scope definition, planning/programming, design, and construction.
Quality control, including commissioning relevant to the size and complexity of the
building and/or system components, shall be an integral part of all project phases.
6.4. Scope. To incorporate sustainable concepts at the earliest point in a project, it is
important for the installation project manager (PM) to coordinate with elements of the
civil engineer (CE) squadron, facility managers, and other installation organizations
to develop a set of sustainable design goals. These project-specific goals must
incorporate baseline sustainable development and energy intensity targets
established by USGBC LEED prerequisites, E.O.’s, statutes, DOD policy, and Air
Force and MAJCOM policy.
6.5. Planning/Programming. The planning/programming phase begins with
assembling a project team and designation of the LEED Accredited Professional
(AP). The team will be responsible for integrating the project and site requirements
into DD Form 1391, FY__ Military Construction Project Data, and the Customer
Concept Document (CCD) or Requirements Document (RD) to facilitate the
evaluation of proposed site(s) characteristics. Decisions shall be based on life-cycle
cost (LCC) effectiveness as directed by EPAct 2005.
6.5.1. Project documentation is developed to include the DD Form 1391 and a
parametric cost estimate, including appropriate costing of sustainable design and
energy items having a higher first cost. For MILCON vertical new construction
and major renovations projects (with climate control), any additional cost required
to achieve a LEED Silver rating and the energy intensity goals of EPAct 2005
and E.O. 13423 shall be listed on DD Form 1391 under the primary facilities cost
as a separate line item called "SDD & EPAct05." In the absence of a detailed and
specific estimate, the cost shall be programmed at 2 percent of the primary
facility cost. If the cost is expected to exceed 2 percent, an explanation of the
additional increase shall be provided in DD Form 1391, Block 10.
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6.5.2. Project documentation also includes site plans and a Certificate of
Compliance (CoC) certifying that required planning actions have been
accomplished. (See AFI 32-1032, Planning and Programming Appropriated
Funded Maintenance, Repair, and Construction Projects.) Planning actions
should include a statement that sustainable goals and design strategies were
considered; include a completed LEED checklist with other project
documentation.
6.5.3. In accordance with the Air Force Sustainable Design and Development
(SDD) Policy memorandum, the checklist information shall be reviewed and
verified by a LEED AP. Compliance in meeting the minimum LEED Silver
rating will be tracked throughout the project delivery process. Currently,
this information must be entered and reported on the Website using the
database developed by AFCEE/TDB.
Note: The database Website is under development at the time of publication.
The ETL will be updated when the database is operational.
6.6. Design. The facility design process can take one of several paths towards
construction; however, meeting sustainable development objectives shall always be
a primary concern regardless. Concept design is typically developed through an
intensive, cross-disciplinary session called a "charette." This is led by the design
agent and A/E contractor and attended by the full Air Force team (AFCEE PM,
MAJCOM representative, installation PM, architects, engineers, landscape
architects, interior designers, planners, facility managers, and energy managers)
and all other design consultants, including a LEED AP. It is the responsibility of the
design agent, working with the Air Force PM, to determine the source organization
for the project LEED AP. The LEED AP will ensure the intent of the LEED rating
system is understood and will document, using the LEED checklist, the sustainable
goals of the project. The project designers shall prepare a separate “Project
Sustainable Design Analysis” chapter as part of the RD; a LEED checklist alone
does not meet this requirement. Using the LEED checklist as a guide, the project
sustainable design analysis shall fully address each sustainable design feature and
incorporate them into the project; shall discuss why other features were not included;
shall discuss the cost of sustainable features; shall discuss synergies between
sustainable features; and shall clearly describe assumed construction-phase
sustainable design features. The project designers shall prepare a LEED checklist
that is reflective of the employed design strategies. This checklist will be used in
documenting and reporting progress on meeting sustainable design goals. At a
minimum, at the design charette and 100 percent design for design-bid-build
and 100% request for proposal (RFP) for design-build, the checklist shall be
reviewed and verified by the team LEED AP and shall be reported on the
Website using the database developed by AFCEE/TDB in accordance with the
Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SDD) Policy memorandum.
Tracking LEED status of a project can be simplified by registering with USGBC at
http://www.usgbc.org/.
7
Note: A link to track LEED project status will be provided in this ETL after the
USGBC updates their Website with that information.
6.7. Construction. The Air Force PM and construction contractor shall review with
the project sustainable design goals, strategies, and/or materials at the
preconstruction meeting. Upon completion of the project, at beneficial
occupancy date (BOD), a final report shall be generated including a LEED
checklist showing credits, including prerequisites obtained for each functional
area sufficient to qualify for, at a minimum, LEED Silver certification. The
report, reviewed and verified by a LEED AP, shall define what level of
certification could have been obtained and whether the project was LEEDregistered and/or -certified and shall be reported on the Website using the
database developed by AFCEE/TDB in accordance with the Air Force
Sustainable Design and Development (SDD) Policy memorandum.
7. Documentation and Reporting Requirements. For all MILCON projects (vertical,
horizontal, utility, and industrial), LEED checklists must be reviewed and verified by the
LEED AP and reported on the Website using the database developed by AFCEE/TDB a
minimum of four times, as described in paragraph 6 (subparagraphs 6.2, 6.5.3, 6.6, and
6.7).
7.1. For projects not selected for registration and certification through USGBC,
documentation supporting reported LEED credits shall be maintained at the
MAJCOM or installation. Documentation shall include contract documents, the
project sustainable design analysis, submittals, plans, receipts, reports, and all other
items reviewed by the LEED AP during the LEED status validation process.
7.2. Selecting projects for LEED registration and certification through USGBC will be
done in a collaborative manner between the MAJCOM and AFCEE.
7.2.1. Documentation for projects selected for LEED registration and certification
is the responsibility of the design agent; however, this effort may be contracted to
the A/E, contractor, or other acceptable entity. Upon USGBC certification, the
design agent shall notify the MAJCOM and AFCEE/TDB and provide a final
accounting of point status and energy efficiencies achieved.
7.3. As a matter of convention and to provide ease of use of the USGBC projects
database, all projects submitted to USGBC for registration shall follow the
instructions below when entering information in the following fields:
7.3.1. “General Project Information” section, “Project Title, FY” field, enter the
location or installation followed by the facility name (e.g., Barksdale AFB Fitness
Center; Shaw AFB Dormitory).
8
7.3.2. “General Project Information” section “Is Project Confidential?” field, enter
“No” unless project is classified.
7.3.3. “Project Owner Information” section, “Organization Name” field, enter
“USAF”.
7.4. FOAs and MAJCOMs are highly encouraged to submit their success stories for
inclusion in the Department of Energy (DOE) -sponsored High Performance Federal
Buildings Database, http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/highperformance/index.cfm.
8. Role of the LEED AP.
8.1. The LEED AP brings to the team an understanding of green principles and the
skills necessary to manage the integration of multiple disciplines to achieve LEED
certification.
8.2. The optimal candidate for the team LEED AP is one who can be involved at the
earliest point in a project (as early as the planning/programming phase) and should
be involved through to the BOD.
8.3. While few Air Force personnel may currently hold LEED AP status, it is
anticipated that, as familiarity with the rating system increases, the number will
increase. Until that time, and as needed, it is recommended the LEED tasks required
by the Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SDD) Policy memorandum
be detailed in the statement of work and/or other contracting documents and
relegated to A/E and/or construction contractors.
8.4. The review and verification of project status by the LEED AP is intended to work
in concert with the actual LEED certification of selected projects, as a validation of
the Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SDD) Policy memorandum and,
as such, should not be viewed as a replacement for LEED certification. LEED
certification is a rigorous process that is not to be duplicated in the review and
verification process required of the team LEED AP by the Air Force Sustainable
Design and Development (SDD) Policy memorandum. Rather, the team LEED AP is
required to show due diligence in examining planning/programming, design, and
construction documents to ensure the intent and integrity of the Air Force
Sustainable Design and Development (SDD) Policy memorandum is maintained.
Illustrative examples of due diligence include, but are not limited to, the following:
8.4.1. Programming/Requirements Document (RD) (also known as the Customer
Concept Document [CCD]).
• Verify the checklist reflects goals sufficient to achieve LEED Silver
certification level.
• Verify the LEED checklist reflects site plan characteristics; verify
appropriate siting for density, reuse and transportation.
9
•
Verify the cost estimate includes any additional cost to achieve, at a
minimum, LEED Silver rating level and to meet energy goals of EPAct
2005.
8.4.2. Design Charette.
• Ensure energy and water goals are established.
• Ensure the selection of technology strategies to be evaluated to meet
LEED goals.
• Review the energy model to assure optimum system selection and
building orientation.
• Review the planning/programming LEED checklist and update it to reflect
the design direction.
8.4.3. Final Design.
• Verify the design analysis shows stormwater calculations and design
requirements captured on drawings (SS Cr 6, Stormwater Management).
• Review specified water consumption calculations and fixtures (WE Cr 3,
Water Use Reduction).
• Review the energy model output (EA Cr 1, Optimize Energy
Performance).
• Review and update the design charette LEED checklist.
• In the current version of the Automated Civil Engineer System (ACES), the
LEED checkbox on the Design screen should be also checked at this
point.
8.4.4. Beneficial Occupancy.
• Review the contractor construction waste records (MR Cr 2, Construction
Waste Management).
• Review the Construction IAQ Management Plan (EQ Cr 3, Construction
IAQ Management Plan).
• Review contract modifications to ensure SDD concepts are not removed
from the project.
• Review LEED design, complete checklist and update.
The effectiveness of the Air Force SDD policy and the resulting reduction of total
ownership cost of Air Force facilities lies, in large part, with how conscientiously
the team LEED AP executes his/her duties.
9. Guidance on LEED Credits. LEED reference materials shall act as a guide to using
the LEED Rating System. The Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SDD)
Policy memorandum, Attachment 1, provides direction as to which LEED credits have
statutory mandates and must be addressed within all phases of the project. Note that all
LEED prerequisites must be met regardless of the intent to register the project with
USGBC. LEED-NC typically applies to new vertical construction and major renovations
to existing vertical construction. In an attempt to promote incorporation of sustainable
concepts in all project types, guidance is provided for horizontal, utility, and industrial
10
projects as attachments to the Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SDD)
Policy memorandum. Definitions of project types are provided below.
9.1. Vertical: Includes typical building construction for which LEED-NC was
developed as a metric (Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SSD) Policy
memorandum, Attachment 1).
9.2. Horizontal: Includes, site development, heavy earthwork, construct and repair
roads, runways, taxiways, aircraft aprons, containment, sidewalks, parking lots,
revetments, curbs and gutters (Air Force Sustainable Design and Development
(SSD) Policy memorandum, Attachment 2).
9.3. Utility: Includes electric, gas, water, steam, and wastewater, including
substations, lift stations, oil/water separators, storage tanks, petroleum, oil,
lubricants (POL) lines, and transformers (Air Force Design and Development (SSD)
Policy memorandum, Attachment 3).
9.4. Industrial: Includes all enclosed facilities for which mechanical cooling/heating is
provided for less than 50 percent of the building square footage (Air Force
Sustainable Design and Development (SSD) Policy memorandum, Attachment 4).
The reporting requirements detailed in paragraph 6 apply to all MILCON projects,
regardless of type.
10. Sustainment, Restoration and Modernization (S/R&M). S/R&M provides
architectural-engineering and construction contract avenues for installations. The
S/R&M process allows agencies to plan, design, monitor, and manage project
objectives, quality, timeliness, and cost. Projects include vertical, horizontal, utility, and
industrial construction. These projects range in cost from several thousand dollars to
several million dollars. Realizing the magnitude of the S/R&M program and that
sustainable opportunities exist for all construction, S/R&M projects shall incorporate
LEED concepts to the maximum extent possible; however, SDD status reporting of
S/R&M projects is not required.
11. Leased Facilities. When developing the criteria for selecting leased facilities, to the
greatest extent possible, include a preference for buildings that meet the goals of the
Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings MOU. Build-to-suit
lease solicitations shall incorporate criteria for sustainable design and development,
energy efficiency, and verification of building performance in accordance with the
Federal Leadership in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings MOU.
12. Training and LEED AP. As the USGBC LEED rating system is the Air Force metric,
it is important to encourage LEED training of personnel. It is highly recommended each
MAJCOM, DRU, FOA, and installation select individuals who will become LEED APs.
The process requires an applicant to successfully complete the LEED exam. Essential
to passing the exam is a working knowledge of the planning, design and construction
11
process as well as the LEED rating system. USGBC has a suite of training opportunities
available to individuals wishing to become LEED APs. The training titled LEED for New
Construction Technical Review has been structured to assist individuals who will be
taking the LEED-NC exam. Information as to where and when these workshops will be
held is available at http://www.usgbc.org/Workshops/Workshoplist.aspx. Online training
is also available and detailed at:
http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1449&. More information about
the testing process, online testing locations throughout the country, and sample exam
questions is provided at http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1562&.
In order to track progress toward training goals, MAJCOMs shall report names of
individuals achieving LEED AP status to AFCEE/TDBS.
The Air Force also provides introductory and intermediate level training that integrates
LEED, the Air Force Sustainable Design and Development (SSD) Policy memorandum,
and federal energy mandates. Contact AFCEE/TDB (see paragraph 15) for further
information on these workshops.
13. Required and Recommended Methodologies and Technologies. For planning or
design projects, these requirements will be followed in accordance with the referenced
publications and with the following additional requirements.
13.1. All new facility planning or major renovations where the HVAC system is to be
upgraded will consider the use of closed loop ground source heat pumps (GSHP) in
the initial planning stages. If a system other than GSHP can meet the facility HVAC
requirements, can produce greater energy savings, and has a life-cycle cost
effectiveness using the Building Life-Cycle Cost (BLCC) program with a Savings to
Investment Ratio greater than 1.25, that system can be used. Otherwise, the GSHP
system must be used.
13.2. The Air Force policy memorandum on metering requirements (DOD Facility
Metering Installation Initiative), dated 27 April 2006, will be used in all new facilities
and renovations. All new facility projects will have meters installed for electricity,
natural gas and potable water. Meters will have interval and remote reading
capability. Advanced metering systems shall be considered as the primary system
for collecting facility data. Metering systems will have the capability of providing data
to existing energy management control systems (EMCS) and supervisory control
and data acquisition (SCADA) systems to provide a seamless interface for collecting
and consolidating data by facility. Additional cost for this system should be added to
the programming documents as a separate line item. For renovations in excess of
$400,000, existing facility meters should be upgraded to advanced meters.
Compliance with this paragraph may assist in obtaining LEED-NC v2.2, EA Credit 5,
Measurement and Verification.
13.3. Renewable energy technologies should be integrated within the planning
process to include evaluation of wind, biomass, solar hot water, photovoltaic and
passive solar (including daylighting and transpired heat walls). MAJCOM/installation
12
architectural compatibility standards and guidelines will address and incorporate
energy/sustainability requirements as specified within this ETL and referenced
publications. All alternative energy solutions, particularly wind source, must assure
compliance with airfield criteria (e.g., UFC 3-260-01, Airfield and Heliport Planning
and Design) to avoid penetration of clearance surfaces.
13.4. Energy security at installations requires a reduced dependence on the power
grid; therefore, combined heat and power (CHP) plants should be considered in the
initial planning stages. CHP is an efficient, clean, and reliable approach to
generating power and thermal energy from a single fuel source. By installing a CHP
system designed to meet the thermal and electrical base loads of a facility, CHP can
increase operational efficiency and decrease energy costs while improving
installation energy security. The thermal and electrical base loads should fully use
available energy from the CHP source. Coordinate an interconnection agreement
with the local utility and identify potential standby power utility charges and the
required safety design. Include operations and maintenance requirements and
standby charges in the feasibility/economic evaluations. CHP technologies include
turbines, microturbines, reciprocating engines, and fuel cells.
13.5. Maintenance should be a strong consideration during planning, design, and
construction. Equipment solutions need to ensure the life-cycle maintenance and
operational costs are truly identified within the cost analysis. Non-fuel operation,
maintenance, and repair (OM&R) costs are more difficult to estimate than
construction costs. Operating schedules and standards of maintenance vary from
building to building; there is great variation in these costs even for buildings of the
same type and age. Therefore, it is important to use engineering judgment when
estimating these costs. Window/door hardware, roofing, exterior veneers/finishes,
and interior finishes (flooring, walls, and ceilings) can add considerable
maintenance costs to the life of a facility and thus require a thorough review during
the planning, design, and construction processes.
13.6. Value engineering (VE) is a management tool that is used where appropriate
to reduce program and acquisition costs. A policy letter from AF/A7CP, dated 22
June 2005, specifies that a VE study is only required for projects over $10 million.
Additionally, design-build and any projects obtaining the LEED certification from
the USGBC are exempt from a VE study. Further guidance on this policy can be
obtained at the AFCEE Website:
http://www.afcee.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070919-075.pdf
13.7. Equipment purchases for the construction and maintenance of facilities will
be Energy Star™-rated or in the top 25 percent efficiency level for that type
product unless such a product is not reasonably available. Use the Energy Star
Website for finding approved products:
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?fuseaction=find_a_product. Use the Federal
Energy Management Program (FEMP) Website for finding products in the top 25
percent
range:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/procurement/index.html.
13
However, waivers must be in writing and approved based on current Air Force
and/or DOD policy (contact HQ AFCESA/CENF for latest waiver policy).
13.8. Water Conservation. All new construction and major renovation projects,
(facility construction, site design, and landscape construction) will follow best
management practices and the following requirements.
13.8.1. Xeriscape Landscapes. Xeriscape landscaping will be the primary
comprehensive approach to landscaping for water conservation and pollution
prevention for all installation landscape projects. Xeriscape uses native,
naturally occurring plant material in the landscape design to convey a sense of
regional context while embracing sustainable landscape design and
preservation of native and endangered species. Native plants are more
acclimated to the climate and require less irrigation.
The xeriscape
methodology is relevant to planning and design, soil analysis, selection of
suitable plants, practical turf areas, efficient irrigation, use of mulches, and
appropriate maintenance choices. Certain LEED credits are linked to proper
application of xeriscape concepts.
13.8.2. Landscape Irrigation Systems. The LEED rating system does include
credits for water-efficient landscaping practices. The intent is to limit or
eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation. Irrigation typically
uses potable water, although lower quality water is equally effective for
irrigating landscapes. Sources of non-potable water include: captured rainwater
from roof and parking lot runoff; graywater from building systems; and
municipal recycled water supply systems.
13.8.2.1. Moisture sensors will be installed in areas receiving an average
rainfall greater than 25 inches (635 millimeters) per year.
13.8.2.2. Water efficiency design strategies will be applied to landscape
irrigation by the use of cycle irrigation methods to improve penetration and
reduce runoff. For optimal growth, cycle irrigation provides the right amount
of water at the right time and place.
13.8.2.3. Designs/retrofits will include the use of low-precipitation-rate
sprinklers (better distribution uniformity), bubbler/soaker systems, or drip
irrigation systems.
For technical information related to irrigation, see UFC 3-420-01, Plumbing
Systems; UFGS 32 84 23, Underground Sprinkler Systems; and UFGS 32 84
24, Irrigation Sprinkler Systems.
13.8.3. For new facility construction, waterless urinals will be considered;
additionally, FAR Subpart 23.2, Energy and Water Efficiency and Renewable
Energy, requires that agencies acquire/purchase water-saving products
14
designated by FEMP as being among the highest 25 percent for equivalent
products as directed by EPAct 2005 and E.O. 13423. The FEMP Website
provides performance requirements for all federal purchases:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/procurement/eep_faucets.html. In other than
living facilities, provide hot water to sinks only where required by health
standards. Limit domestic hot water temperature to 120 degrees Fahrenheit (49
degrees Celsius).
13.9. Programmable HVAC Thermostats. Provide an economical capability to
program and adjust building interior environmental climate control. Options include,
but are not limited to, occupancy sensors, an individual building control system,
and/or a central EMCS.
13.10. Occupancy Sensors. Provide lighting occupancy sensors in new facilities
where installed cost does not exceed 10 years of electric savings. Allowable savings
are electrical savings from lighting reduction due to diversity of occupancy during
occupied hours. Facilities where occupancy sensors could cause a negative impact
to safety or mission are exempt. 13.11. Roofing. In other than Northern Tier installations, roofing shall meet or exceed
the Cool Roof Rating Council Solar Reflectance Index (RFI) of ≥ 78 for low-slope
roofs (≤ 2:12) and ≥ 29 for high-slope roofs (> 2:12). “Northern Tier” is defined as
heating degree days (HDD) greater than 7,000 and cooling degree days (CDD) less
than 2,000.
14. Products Available for Use on Design Projects. Life-cycle cost analysis
resources available from both government and commercial entities are described below.
14.1. Building Life-Cycle Cost (BLCC) is a software package approved by the Office
of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) for all Energy Conservation Investment Projects
(ECIP). The BLCC is a program developed by NIST to provide computational
support for the analysis of capital investments in buildings. The current version of
BLCC is available at
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/access_tools.html. Training for this
software is provided by FEMP and can be obtained at
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/services/training.html.
14.2. ECONPACK is a unique economic analysis computer package available to
engineers, economists, master planners, accountants, and other personnel
throughout DOD and the government. ECONPACK is a comprehensive program
incorporating economic analysis calculations, documentation, and reporting
capabilities. It is structured so it can be used by non-economists to prepare
complete, properly documented economic analyses (EA) in support of DOD funding
requests. ECONPACK is available at
http://www.hnd.usace.army.mil/paxspt/econ/econ.aspx.
15
15. Points of Contact.
15.1. Recommendations for facility energy improvements to this ETL are
encouraged and should be furnished to the Air Force Energy Program Manager, HQ
AFCESA/CEN, 139 Barnes Drive, Suite 1, Tyndall AFB, FL 32408-5319, DSN 5236222, commercial (850) 283-6222, FAX DSN 523-6219.
15.2. Recommendations for sustainable design improvements should be furnished
to AFCEE/TDB, 3300 Sidney Brooks, Brooks City-Base ,TX 78235-5112, Air Force
Sustainable Design Program Manager, DSN 240-4191.
LESLIE C. MARTIN, Colonel, USAF
Director, Operations and Programs Support
16
2 Atchs
1. Regulatory Bullets
2. Distribution List
REGULATORY BULLETS
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005)
„ Established federal building performance standards (if life-cycle cost-effective)
•
New buildings shall be designed to achieve energy consumption levels 30%
below AHSRAE 90.1
•
Apply sustainable design principles “to the siting, design, and construction of
all new buildings”
•
If water is used to achieve energy efficiency, must evaluate life-cycle cost
„ Energy reduction – beginning FY06, 2%/year, baseline 2003
„ Renewable generation of electricity – 3% FY07–09; 5% FY10–12; 7.5% FY13–
thereafter
„ Purchase Energy Star products
„ By FY12, buildings must have electric meters (advanced metering where
practicable)
•
Cost of metering and expected reduction in O&M
•
Increased potential energy efficiency/management/savings
Federal Leadership in High-Performance and Sustainable Buildings MOU
„ Voluntary commitment among federal agencies
•
Reduce total ownership cost of facilities
•
Improve energy efficiency and water conservation
•
Provide safe, healthy, and productive built environments
•
Promote sustainable environmental stewardship
„ Follows closely the credits in USGBC LEED Green Building Rating System
„ Employ Integrated Design Principles
•
Integrated Design
o Integrated project team for all stages of the project
o Establish performance goals for siting, water, energy, materials, and
indoor environmental quality; ensure incorporation of goals
o Consider all stages of the building
Atch 1
(1 of 4)
•
Commissioning
o Total building according to size and complexity of building systems
„ Optimize Energy Performance
•
Energy Efficiency
o 30% reduction of energy cost budget relative to ASHRAE 90.1
•
Measurement and Verification
o In accordance with EPAct 2005
o Compare energy design target with actual performance and performance
at 1 year
o Enter lessons learned in DOE Federal High-Performance Buildings
Database
„ Protect and Conserve Water
•
Indoor Water
o 20% reduction relative to EPAct 1992
•
Outdoor Water
o 50% reduction of potable water
„ Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality
•
Ventilation and Thermal Comfort
o ASHRAE 55-2004
•
Moisture Control
o Prevent damage and mold
•
Daylighting
o Daylight factor 2% for 75% occupied space
•
Low-Emitting Materials
o Adhesives, sealants, paints, carpet, and furnishings
•
Protect Indoor Air Quality during Construction
o Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association
(SMACNA) 72-hour flush-out, maximum 60% humidity
„ Reduce Environmental Impact of Materials
•
Recycled Content
Atch 1
(2 of 4)
o 10% (post-consumer plus 50% pre-consumer content)
•
Bio-Based Content
o U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommendations
•
Construction Waste
o Recycle or salvage 50% construction, demolition, and land-clearance
waste
•
Ozone-Depleting Compounds
E.O. 13423, Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation
Management
„ Revocation of E.O.’s 13101, 13123, 13134, 13148 and 13149
„ Requires compliance with Guiding Principles (from Federal Leadership in HighPerformance and Sustainable Buildings MOU) for new construction and major
renovations
„ 15% of existing federal capital building inventory, by agency, shall incorporate
Guiding Principles by 2015
„ Energy and greenhouse gas emission reduction: 3%/year, 30% by 2015,
baseline 2003
„ Renewable energy: 50% from new renewable sources (1 January 1999 baseline)
„ Water reduction: 2%/year, 16% by 2015, baseline 2007
„ Sustainable acquisition of goods and services
„ Reduce toxic and hazardous chemicals; solid waste diversion; and waste
prevention and recycling programs
„ Fleet operation: reduce petroleum-based fuels; increase consumption of nonpetroleum-based fuels; use plug-in hybrid (PIH)
„ Electronic product requirements: Electronic Product Environmental Assessment
Tool (EPEAT); Energy Star; life-cycle; disposal
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007
„ Reduction of fossil fuel-generated energy consumption 55% by 2010, increasing
to 100% by 2030
„ 30% hot water demand for new buildings and major renovations be met by solar
water heaters
Atch 1
(3 of 4)
„ Projects over 5,000 square feet (464 square meters) restore to maximum extent
predevelopment hydrology
„ Use certification system and level for green buildings
Atch 1
(4 of 4)
DISTRIBUTION LIST
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Defense Commissary Agency
(1)
Design and Construction Division
2250 Foulois St., Suite 2
Lackland AFB, TX 78236
AAFES
ATTN: RE
PO Box 660202
Dallas, TX 75266-0202
(1)
Construction Criteria Base
National Institute of Bldg Sciences
Washington, DC 20005
(1)
SPECIAL INTEREST ORGANIZATIONS
Information Handling Services
15 Inverness Way East
Englewood, CO 80150
(1)
Atch 2
(1 of 1)