FIELD REPORT
For the Yellow Sea Study
April-May 2008
Monitoring and Assessment of Exposure and Potential Biological Effects of
Persistent and Toxic Contaminants in the Yellow Sea (North-Eastern China
and Western Korea)
Prepared by
Jong Seong Khim, Ph.D.
Jonathan Naile, B.S.
Toxicology Centre
University of Saskatchewan
44 Campus Drive
Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3
Tel: 306-966-5206
E-mail: jongseong.khim@usask.ca
June 16, 2008
Contents
3
Preface
1. RESEARCH OVERVIEW
4-8
1.1. Research Participants
1.2. Research Agreement
1.3. Research Objectives
4
5
8
2. SAMPLING
9-64
2.1. Sampling Area
2.2. Sample Collection
2.2.1. Chinese Samples
2.2.2. Korean Samples
9
10
10
49
3. ANALYSIS
65-66
3.1. Sample Preparation and Analysis
65
4. FUTURE PLAN
67-70
4.1. Timeline
4.2. Manuscript
67
69
Field Participants
70
2
Preface
The present report is prepared to provide the overview and summary of
the field survey that conducted in April to May 2008 in Korea and
China. The survey aimed to collect environmental samples such as
sediment, soil, water, and biological samples from the Yellow Sea
coastal areas including west coast of Korea and north-east coast of
China.
Twelve people participated, three in Korea and nine in China and made a trip over 1,500 km in
Korea (3 days) and 7,000 km in China (2 weeks), respectively. A total of 15 and 37 locations
along the coastal areas in Korea and China, respectively, were selected to cover random
sampling and point sources. More than 50 and 150 samples have been collected in each
country that included soil, sediment, water, and various species of coastal and riverine organisms.
It was a long, huge and comprehensive field trip across two countries the likes of which none of
us had never experienced before and we made good team-work and partnership throughout the
filed period between the groups participated from China (Prof. Lu, RCEES), Canada (Prof. Giesy,
U of S), and Korea (Prof. Koh, SNU).
All the samples are now being processed and will be prepared during upcoming summer based
on the methods (U of S ETL-SOPs) outlined in the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP). Again,
we appreciate all the participants to the field trip and also to the project for their hard and sincere
work made during the preparation of the SAP followed by the filed trip.
Finally, we appreciate Profs Lu, Giesy, and Koh for their kind agreement and strong support for
the long-term research cooperation including the current project.
June 16, 2008
Jong Seong Khim, Ph.D. and Jonathan Naile, B.S.
Toxicology Centre
University of Saskatchewan
44 Campus Drive
Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3
Tel: 306-966-5206
E-mail: jongseong.khim@usask.ca
3
1. RESEARCH OVERVIEW
1.1. Research Participants
China
Yonglong Lu1, Tieyu Wang1, Wentao Jiao1, Wenyou Hu1, Wei Luo1, Xiang Zhang1
1
State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental
Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Canada
John P. Giesy2,3,4,5, Jong Seong Khim2, Jonathan E Naile2, Paul D. Jones2, Yi Wan2, Suqing Li2,6
2
Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Biosciences and Toxicology Centre, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
3
Zoology Department, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, and Center for Integrative
Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
4
Biology and Chemistry Department, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong,
SAR, China
5
School ofthe Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing China.
6
Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Korea
Chul-Hwan Koh7, Jin-Soon Park7, Bong-Oh Kwon7
7
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National
University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
4
1.2. Research Agreement
5
(cont.)
6
(cont.)
7
1.3. Research Objectives
z Determine environmental concentrations of target persistent and toxic contaminants and
total biological activities based on several bioassays and identify novel chemicals in the
Bohai Sea (north-east China) and Yellow Sea (west Korea) region. If appropriate
determine loadings and sources.
z Determine distribution and source characteristics (and possibly fate, transport, or food
web) of target contaminants:
a) compounds-specific source identifications
b) regional comparisons
- between inland versus coastal region
- between north and north-east coasts of China vs. west coast of Korea
c) fate or food web study for the selected compounds, if applicable
d) movements and pathways in multi-media
z Address potential biological effects associated with samples:
Primarily:
a) Overt toxicity to cells (live dead assay in mammalian cells, Calcaen AM and
Ethidium homodimer)
b) AhR-receptor (dioxin-like) activities (HII4E-luc; luciferase)
c) Estrogenic activities (MVLN cells-luciferase)
d) Effects on steroidogenesis (H295R cells)
Secondly:
e) Androgenicity (MDA cells or equivalent)
f) Mutagenicity (Mutatox®, Photobacterium phosphoreum; luminescence).
g) Retinoid receptor agonists
h) Thyroid hormone agonists
z Identify potential toxic chemicals based on the TIE and mass balance approach
(fractionation)
z Establish background monitoring data for target contaminants in the study area and
possibly develop the site-specific environmental quality guidelines
z Prioritize the site-specific contaminants of concern in the study area
8
2. SAMPLING
2.1. Sampling Area
z Locations from China
TangShan:
QinHuangdao:
HuLudao:
JinZhou:
PanJin:
YingKou:
DaLian:
DanDong:
Total
TS1-7
QH1-5
HL1-5
JZ1-5
PJ1-2
YK1-3
DL1-6
DD1-4
(n=37)
(n=7)
(n=5)
(n=5)
(n=5)
(n=2)
(n=3)
(n=6)
(n=4)
z Locations from Korea
Lake Shihwa:
ASan:
SapGyo:
SinDuri:
ManLipo:
AnMyundo:
GeumGang:
YeongSangang:
Total
LS1-4
AS1-2
SG1-2
SD
ML
AM
GG1-2
YS1-2
(n=15)
(n=4)
(n=2)
(n=2)
(n=1)
(n=1)
(n=1)
(n=2)
(n=2)
Map of Study Area and Sampling Location ( )
9
2.2. Sample Collection
2.2.1. Chinese Samples
List of Samples from China
Area
TangShan:
Sample ID and Location
TS1
Dou Rive
TS2
Qing Long River
TS3
Shuang Long River
TS4
Shuang Long River
TS5
Nuan River Mouth
TS6
Nuan River Mouth
TS7
Upstream of Luanne River
QinHuangdao: QH1 Golden Beach
QH2 Upstream of River Tidal Flat
QH3 Bracish water Tidal flat
QH4 Beach
QH5 Tian Mu Lake Reservior
HL1
Beach
HuLudao:
HL2
Small River 5km from Sea
HL3
Big River
HL4
WuLi River
HL5
Beach
JZ1
Cuitun
JinZhou:
JZ2
Jinzhou
JZ3
Dalin River
JZ4
Dalin River
JZ5
Dalin River
PanJin:
PJ1
Panjung
PJ2
Open Sea (harbor)
YK1 Dalio River
YingKou:
YK2 Dalio River
YK3 Beach
DaLian:
DL1
Salt water Channel
DL2
Medium Sized River
DL3
Black Rock Beach
DL4
Big Beach
DL5
Biliu River
DL6
Channel Tidal Flat
DD1 Dayung River
DanDong:
DD2 Yalu River
DD3 Yalu River
DD4 Yalu River
no. of samples
Date Collected
May 6th
May 6th
May 6th
May 6th
May 7th
May 7th
May 18th
May 7th
May 8th
May 8th
May 8th
May 8th
May 9th
May 9th
May 9th
May 10th
May 10th
May 10th
May 12th
May 12th
May 12th
May 13th
May 13th
May 13th
May 13th
May 13th
May 14th
May 14th
May 14th
May 15th
May 15th
May 15th
May 15th
May 16th
May 16th
May 16th
May 16th
10
Soil
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
31
Sediment
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Water
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
36
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
35
Biological
O
O
O
Field Blank
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
26
6
Species Identification for Biological Samples from China
Species Name
Scientific Name
TS1
Carassius carassius
TS2
Helice tridens tridens
TS3
Helice tridens tridens
TS5
Portunus trituberculatus
Helice tridens tridens
TS7
Rana rugosa
QH2
Carassius carassius
QH3
Helice tridens tridens
Macrophthalmus japonicus
QH4
Charybdis japonica
Platycephalus indicus
Hemigrapsus sanguineus
QH5
Carassius carassius
HL1
Eriocheir sinensis
Philyra pisum
Hemigrapsus sanguineus
Omphalius rusticus rusticus
HL3
Carassius carassius
Unio douglasiae
Caridina denticulata sinensis
HL5
Hexagrammos otakii
Charybdis japonica
JZ2
Carassius carassius
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
JZ3
Caridina denticulata sinensis
JZ4
Caridina denticulata sinensis
PJ1
Rana nigromaculata
Carassius carassius
Eriocheir sinensis
Rana rugosa
PJ2
Meretrix petechialis
Portunus trituberculatus
YK2
Macrothalamus japonicus
YK3
Hemigrapsus sanguineus
Mugil cephalus
Portunus trituberculatus
Ruditapes philippinarum
DL1
Hemigrapsus sanguineus
DL2
Carassius carassius
Carassius auratus
Unio douglasiae
DL3
Hexagrammos otakii
Mytilus edulis
DL4
Charybdis japonica
Meretrix petechialis
Diogenes edwarsii
Philyra pisum
Hemigrapsus sanguineus
DL6
Ruditapes philippinarum
Portunus trituberculatus
Platycephalus indicus
DD3
Eriocheir sinensis
Acanthogobius hasta
no. of pooled samples
Location
No. of Individual
Common Name
Crucian Carp
Korean Name
붕어
방게
방게
꽃게
방게
옴개구리
붕어
방게
칠게
민꽃게
양태
무늬발게
붕어
참게
밤게
무늬발게
보말고둥
붕어
말조개
새뱅이
쥐노래미
민꽃게
붕어
미꾸리
새뱅이
새뱅이
참개구리
붕어
참게
옴개구리
말백합
꽃게
칠게
무늬발게
숭어
꽃게
바지락
무늬발게
붕어
금붕어
말조개
쥐노래미
진주담치
민꽃게
말백합
넓적왼손집게
밤게
무늬발게
바지락
꽃게
양태
참게
풀망둑
Japanese Blue Crab
Wrinkled Frog
Crucian Carp
Mud Crab
Swimming Crab
Bartail Flathead
Asian Shore Crab
Crucian Carp
Chinese Mitten Crab
Purse Crab
Asian Shore Crab
Top Snail
Crucian Carp
Greenling
Swimming Crab
Crucian Carp
Oriental Weatherfish
Black-Spotted Frog
Crucian Carp
Chinese Mitten Crab
Wrinkled Frog
Hard Clam
Blue Crab
Mud Crab
Asian Shore Crab
Striped Mullet
Blue Crab
Short-Necked Clam
Asian Shore Crab
Crucian Carp
Gold Fish
Greenling
Blue Mussel
Swimming Crab
Hard Clam
Hermit Crab
Purse Crab
Asian Shore Crab
Short-Necked Clam
Blue Crab
Bartail Flathead
Chinese Mitten Crab
Javelin Goby
11
4
1
3
3
>20
2
8
3
2
1
4
many
4
1
1
1
6
3
1
many
5
3
5
4
many
many
1
1
1
1
4
3
1
7
1
2
8
11
many
1
2
6
14
some
1
some
some
some
14
2
2
1
2
53
Field Photos and Note
Site 1:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/6/08
JSK, JN, TW
Weather
24°C, cloudy Sampled by
2:30 pm
TS1 Tang Shan
Location
Latitude
39.51171°N
Dou River
Longitude
118.19920°E
Close to bridge, small river due to drought conditions, no more than 10m wide.
Clear water with lots of vegetation. Lots of agriculture and traffic on the bridge.
10m
width
0.3m
depth
Very slow
velocity
ID
Samples
Description
TS1
Water
Rather clear
TS1
Sediment
Dark, lots of organic
TS1
Soil
150m from river, top 10cm, middle of newly
tilled unplanted agriculture field
TS1
Biological
Small (10cm) fish from local fishermen
12
(cont.)
Site 2:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
5/6/08
JSK, JN, TW
Weather
20°C, cloudy Sampled by
4:35 pm
TS2 Tang Shan
Location
Latitude
39.26820°N
Qing Long River
Longitude
118.52379°E
Close to a bridge and road, small river, no drought, 15m wide, not clean, soil by
the river turned over, lots of vegetation and occasional traffic.
Water
Description
width
depth
velocity
ID
TS2
TS2
TS2
15m
3.0m
0.1m/s
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
TS2
Biological
Sample
Information
Description
Yellow and sandy
Dark
100m from river, top 10cm, in a rice field in
which soil is turned over
Crab, from digging on the beach
13
(cont.)
Site 3:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/6/08
JSK, JN, TW
Weather
Sampled by
18°C
6:35 pm
TS3 Tang Shan
Location
Latitude
39.14441°N
Shuang Long River
Longitude
118.33938°E
Shrimp ponds, salt ponds, no vegetation, river blocked, salt water, dug by man
twenty years ago, by a bridge, no factories or industry
50m
width
2.0m
depth
10+m/s
velocity
ID
Samples
Description
TS3
Water
Not clean, brown and sandy
TS3
Sediment
Dark
TS3
Biological
Crab from digging in the dark
14
(cont.)
Site 4:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/6/08
JSK, JN, TW
Weather
Sampled by
18°C
7:05 pm
TS4 Tang Shan
Location
Latitude
39.19876°N
Shuang Long River
Longitude
118.33888°E
Agriculture fields around, few vegetation, shrubs and grass, 20m from a road,
occasional traffic, no factories, village nearby.
50m
width
2.0m
depth
8.0+m/s
velocity
ID
Samples
Description
TS4
Water
brown and sandy
TS4
Sediment
Dark
TS4
Soil
Barren, salty, 100m from the river
15
(cont.)
Site 5:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/7/08
Weather
Sampled by JSK, JN, TW
9°C
11:30 am
Cloudy/raining
TS5
Location
Latitude
39.41793°N
Nuan River Mouth
Longitude
118.27580°E
Harbour, 1km from the Bohai Sea, few vegetation, grass and shrubs, salt ponds, a
few houses, lots of ships and fisherman
200m
width
5.0m
depth
Faster than previous
velocity
ID
Samples
Description
TS5
Water
Clean, salt water, collected in the Bohai Sea,
salinity 40
TS5
Sediment
Sandy and dark
TS5
Soil
2km from water sample, little grass, no
agriculture, sandy
TS5
Biological A 3 crabs bought from local fisherman, not mature,
captured 5 nautical miles from the mouth
TS5
Biological B
Crab dug from the beach 5m from the water,
smaller than biological A
16
(cont.)
Site 6:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/7/08
JSK, JN, TW
Weather
Sampled by
9°C
12:50 am
TS6
Location
Latitude
39.46074°N
Nuan River
Longitude
118.13412°E
River dammed, landform altered, lots of vegetation, big trees, farmland around,
not far from a bridge with occasional traffic.
150m
width
55m
depth
Very slow because of dam
velocity
ID
Samples
Description
TS6
Water
Clear, brown
TS6
Sediment
Dark, sandy
TS6
Soil
20m from the river in the woods, no
agriculture, grass, sandy
17
(cont.)
Site 7:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/7/08
3:05 pm
QH1
Golden Beach
Beach, a lot of
Sea, ate lunch
width
depth
velocity
ID
QH1
QH1
Weather
13°C
Sampled by
JSK, JN, TW
Latitude
39.70535°N
Longitude
118.33615°E
resorts and restaurants, by the Bohai Sea, Golden beach, Opeau
Location
Samples
Water
Sediment
Description
Clean, salty
Sandy, brown
18
(cont.)
Site 8:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/8/08
10:33 am
QH2
Weather
ID
QH2
QH2
QH2
QH2
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
20°C
Partly sunny
Location
Sampled by
JN, JB
Latitude
39.84100°N
Longitude
118.51119°E
Upstream of tidal flat, river is dammed but gate is partly open, lots of dead fish,
100m from the road, 300m from the sea.
Salinity = 3, lots of plant growth, algae bloom, low water flow on the other side
of the gate.
80m
width
N/Am
depth
Slow
velocity
Description
Not very clear
Very dark – black
Sandy, dry, to 10cm, long grass covering
Small fish purchased from local fishermen,
same fish as before
19
(cont.)
Site 9:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/8/08
11:01 am
QH3
Weather
23°C
Partly sunny
Location
Sampled by
JN, JB
Latitude
39.83960°N
Longitude
119.51538°E
500m from open sea, mix of fresh and salt, tidal flat, low tide, 300m from dam,
small river flowing to sea.
width
depth
velocity
7
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
QH3
Water
Clear
QH3
Sediment
Black with a little sand on top
QH3
Biological
Purchased crabs about 10m from sampling spot
20
(cont.)
Site 10:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/8/08
11:30 am
QH4
Weather
23°C
Sampled by
JN, JSK
Latitude
39.83131°N
Longitude
119.52674°E
Beach, lots of boats, sea water, resorts, no fish, open water location
Location
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
QH4
QH4
QH4a
37
Samples
Water
Sediment
Biological
QH4b
FB2
Biological
Field Blank
Description
Clear
Black, a little sand on top
Purchased fish no more than 500m to beach
(mixed fish and crab)
Crab on the beach
Taken 5/8/08
21
(cont.)
Site 11:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/8/08
JN, JB
Weather
Sampled by
25°C
3:03 pm
Partly sunny
Tian Ma Lake Area
Location
Latitude
39.98022°N
QH5 (nearby Funing County)
Longitude
119.21003°E
Very large reservoir, huge dam (1000m), water is clean from Qing Long River
to Bohai Bay for drinking/irrigating (Qin Haing Dao)
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
QH5
Water
Clear
QH5
Sediment
Black with a little sand on top
QH5
Biological
Purchased crabs about 10m from sampling spot
22
(cont.)
Site 12:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/9/08
Weather
12:00 am
HL1 (Hu Ludao)
25°C sunny
Sampled by
JN, JS
Latitude
40.19749°N
Longitude
120.37373°E
Temple, open ocean, mostly sand beach (small stones), few people, buildings,
should have few/no point sources, good reference for entire sea
N/A
width
N/A
depth
N/A
velocity
33
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
HL1
Water
Clean, should be relatively clean
HL1
Sediment
Sandy, 30m from beach
HL1
Biological
Caught a crab or two??
Location
23
(cont.)
Site 13:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
JN, JS, WD,
5/9/08
Weather
Sampled by
26°C, sunny
WH
12:50 pm
HL2, small river about 5km Location
Latitude
40.25276°N
from sea
Longitude
120.35999°E
Agriculture fields, small roads, trees, lots of trash, only small insects,
downstream of juice factory
3m
width
1m
depth
slow
velocity
0
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
HL2
Water
Close to road (10m), turbid, yellowish,
(brown)
HL2
Sediment
Black, foul odour
HL2
Soil
Agriculture field 30m from small road – light
brown (corn), very new corn, planted crops at
this time, top 10cm
24
(cont.)
Site 14:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/9/08
JN, JS, WD,
Weather
Sampled by
24°C
2:53 amp
WH
HL3 Big river about 1km from Location
Latitude
40.36981°N
sea
Longitude
120.25814°E
Little water, road construction, maybe same river as HL2 (very wide river with
many channels). Pesticide cans in water, maybe eutrophication, sheep and cows
very close.
50m
width
2m
depth
slow
velocity
Must be fresh
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
HL3
Water
Clean, to road about 150m, (above road)
HL3
Sediment
Kind of black (light), a few stones, bio (weeds)
HL3
Soil
Ag field – about 1km from river, freshly tilled
(corn), top 10 cm
HL3a
Biological
25
(cont.)
Site 15:
Site and Sample Description:
JN, Luo W,
JS, Jiao WT,
Hu WY
HL4 Wu Li River (nearby Location
Sampling
Latitude
40.72748°N
Cishanbei bridge)
Site
Longitude
120.89366°E
300m away from a bridge, there are many factories and trees around, we
Ambient
Environment collected water and sediment because of deep water. Stored less than one year
(new dam), zinc smelter, factories – mining/coal plants/navy, man-made river,
newly constructed, lots of air pollution
50m
Water
width
Description
1.5m
depth
0 km/h
velocity
5
salinity
Sample
ID
Samples
Description
Information HL4
Water
Collected above the dam, the water overflows
when it rains – used a net, yellowish,
precipitates
HL4
Sediment
Yellowish black, 30m from dam, few stones
HL4
Soil
Maybe freshly planted corn, dry, light brown
soil, top 10cm
Sampling
Time
5/10/08
9:30 am
Weather
15°C cloudy
26
Sampled by
(cont.)
Site 16:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/10/08
Weather
10:08 am
HL5 nice beach, cliffs
JN, Luo W,
JS
Location
Latitude
40.69957°N
Longitude
120.94760°E
Open sea, close to harbour (opposite side of the bay), small markets, 100m from
the road (parking)
N/A
width
N/A
depth
N/A
velocity
36
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
HL5
Water
Clear sea water
HL5
Sediment
Sandy beach
HL5
Soil
On cliff (not too steep), some grass, small trees
HL5 bio
Biological
Fish – bought 8km from here (open sea
sample), yellow, dry,
HL5 bioa
Biological
Crabs – locally bought 8kn (open sea sample)
14°C cloudy
27
Sampled by
(cont.)
Site 17:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/10/08
1:30 pm
JZ1 Cuitun
Weather
10°C
light rain
Location
Sampled by
JN, JS
Latitude
40.95214°N
Longitude
121.16669°E
Bought clams (free) after lunch at local restaurant, a few trees, freshly planted –
close to salt/shrimp ponds
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
JZ1
Biological
Store bought local clams
JZ1
Soil
75m from small road, agriculture field - freshly
tilled corn fields
28
(cont.)
Site 18:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/12/08
10:00 am
JZ2 Jinzhou
Weather
Raining
Sampled by
JN, JS, JSK
Latitude
47.08476°N
Longitude
121.13304°E
River running through the Jinzhou city (very wide and shallow), lots of
buildings around, plenty of plants in the river (nuer river), combines with Daling
River and flows to sea.
100m
width
<1m
depth
slow
velocity
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
JZ2
Water
Fish, shrimp
JZ2
Sediment
JZ2
Soil
50m from river, grass, a few trees, dark brown
JZ2
Biological
Caught a few small fish, fishermen gave us
more
Location
29
(cont.)
Site 19:
Site and Sample Description:
JN, WD, WH,
11°C strong Sampled by
JSK
rain before,
light rain
JZ3
Sampling
Location
Latitude
41.39898°N
Site
Longitude
121.41084°E
Dalin River (upstream location), agriculture fields, few people, buildings,
Ambient
Environment drought conditions – was once a very big river, 100m above is a rather busy
bridge, one of the biggest rivers so far.
100m
Water
width
Description
1.0m
depth
Fast
velocity
salinity
Sample
ID
Samples
Description
Information JZ3
Water
Rather clean, just turbid due to rain (I think)
JZ3
Sediment
Brown, very few stones, mainly sand
JZ3
Soil
Agriculture field, maize, 75m from river
JZ3
Biological
JS caught a few shrimp
FB6
Field Blank
Sampling
Time
5/12/08
2:00 pm
Weather
30
(cont.)
Site 20:
Site and Sample Description:
12°C Light rain Sampled by JSK, JN, WD
(rained heavy
earlier)
JZ4 Dalin River (middle Location
Sampling
Latitude
41.17702°N
stream)
Site
Longitude
121.37771°E
Midstream location of Dalin River in the city (kind of), 100m upstream of bust
Ambient
Environment bridge (road), steel factory in the distance, train bridge 600m away, dam that has
all gates open
75m
Water
width
Description
>1m
depth
Fast
velocity
salinity
Sample
ID
Samples
Description
Information JZ4
Water
Turbidity due to rain (I think)
JZ4
Sediment
Black
JZ4
Soil
Agriculture field, light brown, maize, 40m from
water up on the bank
JZ4
Biological
Small shrimp, frog
Sampling
Time
5/12/08
3:00 pm
Weather
31
(cont.)
Site 21:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/13/08
Weather
10:30 am
JZ5 Dalin River (downstream)
20°C sunny
Sampled by
JN, JSK, TW
Latitude
40.58946°N
Longitude
121.37754°E
Small bridge – we sampled 30m above it, no housesm a few cars, close to lots of
oil wells, downstream of paper plant 10km from sea. Turbid water due to heavy
rain from yesterday, bad smell from water and sediment.
40m
width
1.0-2.0m
depth
fast
velocity
3
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
JZ5
Water
Turbid, light brown
JZ5
Sediment
Black
JZ5
Soil
Brown, Agriculture field (corn), 70m from
river
Location
32
(cont.)
Site 22:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/13/08
12:30 pm
PJ1 Panjung
Weather
23°C cloudy
Sampled by
WD, JN, JSK
Latitude
41.09955°N
Longitude
121.59080°E
Busy, big bridge, some construction, agriculture fields, factories in the distance
– upstream paper plant, powerplant, fish are from a small off shoot
stream/pond
90m
width
1.0-2.0m
depth
Mid
velocity
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
PJ1
Water
Turbid (due to rain but not too bad)
PJ1
Sediment
Black, a little brown
PJ1
Soil
Collect 300m away, rice field
PJ1 bio
Biological
Frog
PJ1 bio a
Biological
Fish from local fishermen (collected very close
to soil site) Crab, frog
Location
33
(cont.)
Site 23:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/13/08
2:30 pm
PJ2 See Map
TW, JN, JSK
23°C partly Sampled by
sunny
Location
Latitude
40.81268° N
121.98571° E
Longitude
Open sea, low tide, fishing village, maybe 40km from Panjung River outlet, old
boats. Samples from docked boats 30m from shore, tidal flats (very large)
N/A
width
N/A
depth
N/A
velocity
30
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
PJ2
Water
Turbid (water was stuck in small areas due due
to low tide
PJ2
Sediment
Gray, tidal flat-like
PJ2
Soil
Collected about 3km away, not ag, maybe
reclaimed, 100m from road, no grass or
vegetation (maybe shrimp ponds)
PJ2
Blank 7
PJ2 bio
Biological
Crabs (blue I think) bought from local
fishermen, caught 3km out to sea
PJ2 bio a
Biological
Clams were given to us (clams and crabs from
same location)
Weather
34
(cont.)
Site 24:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/13/08
JN, JSK
Weather
Sampled by
15°C
4:00 pm
YK1 (midstream) Daliao Location
Latitude
40.82095°N
River
Longitude
122.13346°E
Ag, big bridge, heavy traffic, about 20km from sea, some large housing
projects, construction, big cranes, grass on both banks, VERY big river
200m
width
N/A
depth
slow
velocity
4
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
YK1
Water
Turbid, maybe due to rain
YK1
Sediment
Muddy sand, gray, similar to last location
YK1
Soil
50m from road, 150m from water, tree farmpossibly freshly tilled
35
(cont.)
Site 25:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/13/08
JN, JSK
Weather
Sampled by
18°C
5:45 pm
YK2 (downstream) at sea Location
Latitude
40.66532°N
location (Daliao River mouth)
Longitude
122.16431°E
LOW tide, very bid tidal flat, big city, lots of industry, chemical production
plants, busy harbour, big port, water is 1.5km away
N/A
width
N/A
depth
N/A
velocity
30
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
YK2
Water
Had to dig a hole to collect water, very dirty,
will need to filter
YK2
Sediment
Gray, a little dry
YK2
Soil
300m from sediment sample, tree farm, red
soil
YK2
Biological
Crabs, small fish (too small)
36
(cont.)
Site 26:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/14/08
JN, JSK
Weather
20°C windy, a Sampled by
10:40 am
few clouds
YK3 (beach) Yingkou, Open Location
Latitude
40.42683°N
sea
Longitude
122.27681°E
A little ag, a few buildings, long beach (about 1km) with big sand cliffs, muddy
brown water (maybe due to runoff from days before), small waves, a few small
boats, more buildings in the far north, a little garbage above, by ag field
maybe 50m away. Drove by huge steel plant and chemical plant about 10km
south of YK3, moved these factories from Beijing 10km south of YK3.
N/A
width
N/A
depth
N/A
velocity
36
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
YK3
Water
Brown – see above
YK3
Sediment
Sand (beach location)
YK3
Soil
Ag field 200m above water sample – 100m
from road
YK3 bio
Biological
Small crabs collected in small tidal pool by
rocks
YK3 bio a
Biological
Poichased crabs, fish, clams from local market
37
(cont.)
Site 27:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/14/08
2:45 pm
DL1
JN, JSK, WD,
20°C partly Sampled by
WH
sunny
Location
Latitude
39.61074°N
Longitude
121.49876°E
Bridge (big suspension), samples collected 100m from bridge, low tide, channel
between mainland and island, lots of shrimp ponds, river/channel has been
altered (Chinese style), channel almost 3km long (open sea at each end).
150m
width
N/A
depth
N/A
velocity
32
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
DL1
Water
Clear
DL1
Sediment
Tidal, gray/brown
DL1
Soil
Yellow (light brown) grass and stones
DL1
Biological
Crabs (small)
FB3
Field Blank
Weather
38
(cont.)
Site 28:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/14/08
3:30 pm
DL2
Weather
20°C
Sampled by
JN, JSK
Latitude
39.69397°N
Longitude
121.73738°E
Medium sized river, medium sized bridge, medium traffic, women washing
cloths nearby, goats, trees, no houses, no industry, rather remote (other than
bridge)
50m
width
≤1.0m
depth
medium
velocity
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
DL2 a
Water
Clear – fresh
DL2 b
Water
Clear – fresh
DL2
Sediment
Sandy – small stones
DL2
Soil
100m from small river – light brown, grass,
trees
DL2
Biological
Fish from local fishermen
DL2
Biological
Clams – freshwater collected
Location
39
(cont.)
Site 29:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/15/08
JN, JSK
Weather
23°C sunny Sampled by
10:00 am
(haze)
DL3 (Black Rock beach)
Location
Latitude
38.87093°N
Southeast Dalian
Longitude
121.55736°E
Rocky beach (small stones), condos, city (big buildings in the distance), lots of
fishermen, some big rocks, seaweed, very nice residential, no sediment because
it is only stones, mid tide
N/A
width
N/A
depth
N/A
velocity
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
DL3
Water
Open sea water
DL3
Biological
Fish given to us from local fishermen
DL3
Biological
Mussels, clam, small snails collected on rocks
40
(cont.)
Site 30:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/15/08
Weather
12:00 pm
DL4 Big beach, Chang Chen
JN, JSK, WD,
JS
Location
Latitude
38.99975°N
Longitude
121.30857°E
Big open beach (approx 3km long), few houses, more buildings but not too
many, sand and stones on beach, islands in the distance, low tide.
N/A
width
N/A
depth
N/A
velocity
35
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
DL4
Water
Open ocean, clear, north side of Dalian
DL4
Sediment
Sand
DL4
Biological
Small crabs caught in nets just on the beach
(2km), also a few clams
25°C clear
41
Sampled by
(cont.)
Site 31:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/15/08
JN, JSK, TS
Weather
21°C windy, Sampled by
4:00 pm
sunny
DL5 Bilia River, Ming Yang Location
Latitude
39.46474°N
County
Longitude
122.50038°E
Big river, expressway bridge, lots of construction workers (looking at me),
downstream location (approx 15km to sea), a few houses, trees, no point sources
known, maybe just agriculture
300m
width
< 2m
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
DL5
Water
Very clear water
DL5
Sediment
Sandy yellow (brown), no stones
DL5
Soil
Light brown, grass, trees, no agriculture
42
(cont.)
Site 32:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/15/08
6:00 pm
DL6
JN, JSK, WD,
TW
Location
Latitude
39.65726°N
Longitude
122.98590°E
Tidal flat at (river mouth?), kind of a ghost town, some kind of fish/clam
processing plants I think (direct discharge), might be channel surrounding an
island, salt or shrimp ponds (no signs of agriculture), some song birds, deep
mud, low tide, some unknown industry type buildings around, chemical plants
on the same channel
200m
width
N/A
depth
N/A
velocity
34
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
DL6
Water
Clear
DL6
Sediment
Gray (tidal flat), maybe a little black
DL6
Soil
Agriculture, potato field, brown, 75m from
water
DL6
Biological
Bought fish, crabs, clams Æ fisherman caught
15km out to sea
Weather
20°C sunny
43
Sampled by
(cont.)
Site 33:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/16/08
Weather
10:00 am
DD1 Da Yang
sunny
Sampled by
JN, JSK, WD
Latitude
39.94152°N
Longitude
123.62830°E
Big river (muddy, maybe due to rain), big expressway bridge built 2005 maybe
10km from the sea, very long river, no houses or buildings, lots of agriculture,
salt water (brackish), local farmers said in summer (lots of rain) the river is all
fresh, steep river banks
200m
width
N/A
depth
medium
velocity
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
DD1
Water
Turbid, muddy
DD1
Sediment
Grayish black
DD1
Soil
Grassland close to agriculture (kind of
wetland)
Location
44
(cont.)
Site 34:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/16/08
JN, JSK, WD,
Weather
15°C partly Sampled by
1:30 pm
WH, TW
sunny
DD2 Yalu River, upstream of Location
Latitude
40.17621°N
Dangdon
Longitude
124.45491°E
Small park (roadside), agriculture fields on other side of road/river, North Korea
is only 200m away, upstream of big city – Dangdon, small islands and many
river channels, nice clean looking water, rocky river bottom, collection of river
sand downstream to make cement.
200-300m
width
1.0-2.0m
depth
fast
velocity
4
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
DD2
Water
Clear clean looking
DD2
Sediment
Gray, brown, a little black
DD2
Soil
100m from road, 200m from river, ag field
(light brown)
45
(cont.)
Site 35:
Site and Sample Description:
5/16/08
JN, JSK, WD
Weather
Sampled by
20°C sunny
5:00 pm
DD3 Yalu River (China Location
Latitude
39.94077°N
branch)
Downstream
of
Longitude
124.28782°E
Dangdon
Rice patties, wetlands, tidal flat like, new road 30m away, fishing villages
Ambient
Environment downstream of industrial plants (including chemical), lots of fishing boats,
North Korea is 25m away, maybe switching from low to high tide
50m
Water
width
Description
1.0-3.0m
depth
slow
velocity
5
salinity
Sample
ID
Samples
Description
Information DD3
Water
Turbid, brown
DD3
Sediment
Gray, tidal flat-like
DD3
Soil
200m from roaf, ag (no crops), brown (rice
pattie)
DD3
Biological
Crab and fish given to us; collected at river
mouth
FB10
Field Blank
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
46
(cont.)
Site 36:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/16/08
JN, JSK, WD
Weather
20°C partly Sampled by
5:40 pm
sunny
DD4 (midstream) downstream Location
Latitude
40.00564°N
of Dandong
Longitude
124.36262°E
Wide river, North Korea is 500m away, future development on other side of
road, but now currently empty, road is 30m from the water, looks like sea water
is flowing back, switched from low to high water flowing back upstream
500m
width
N/A
depth
fast
velocity
6
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
DD4
Water
Clear
DD4
Sediment
Gray/black tidal flat
DD4
Soil
Open land for future development 100m from
road (not too busy)
47
(cont.)
Site 37:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
5/18/08
JN, JSK, TW
Weather
23°C sunny, Sampled by
3:20 pm
windy
TS7 upstream of Luanne Location
Latitude
39.58211°N
River
Longitude
118.80655°E
Tree farm with lots of dead trees, wide swollen river due to rain I think,
agriculture, sandstorm, downstream of river alterations (sand and stone removal
for cement), cement plant downstream, a few houses, kind of busy road/ridge,
busy superhighway upstream about 1-2km.
150m
width
1.0-3.0m
depth
medium
velocity
32
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
TS7
Water
A little turbid, collected 100m from bridge
TS7
Sediment
Sandy, a little black
TS7
Soil
Agriculture field 150m from road, 30m from
river
FB11
Field Blank
48
2.2.2. Korean Samples
List of Samples from Korea
Area
Lake Shihwa:
Sample ID and Location
LS1
Outside of lake, Gyeonggi Bay
LS2
Outside of lake, Gyeonggi Bay
LS3
Inside of lake
LS4
Inside of lake
AS1
Inside of lake
ASan:
AS2
Outside of lake, Asan Bay
SG1
Inside of lake
SapGyo:
SG2
Outside of lake, Asan Bay
SD
Beach
SinDuri:
ML
Beach
ManLipo:
AM
Beach
AnMyundo:
GG1 Upstream, inside of dam
GeumGang:
GG2 Downstream, outside of dam
Downstream, outside of dam
YeongSangang YS1
YS2
Upstream, inside of dam
no. of samples
Date Collected
April 29th
April 29th
April 29th
April 29th
April 30th
April 30th
April 30th
April 30th
April 30th
April 30th
April 30th
May 1st
May 1st
May 1st
May 1st
Soil
O
Sediment
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
11
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
12
Water
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
15
Biological
O
O
O
O
Field Blank
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
9
3
Species Identification for Biological Samples from Korea
Location
Species Name
Scientific Name
LS1
Mactra veneriformis
LS2
Crassostrea gigas
LS3
Littorina brevicula
LS4
Littorina brevicula
SG2
Macrothalamus dilatatus
Macrothalamus dilatatus
Macrothalamus dilatatus
Macrothalamus dilatatus
SD
Mugil cephalus
Mugil cephalus
Mugil cephalus
ML
Littorina brevicula
AM
Littorina brevicula
Nerita (Heminerita) japonica
Mytilus edulis
Mytilus coruscus
YS1
Littorina brevicula
Sebastes schlegeli
Sebastes schlegeli
Sebastes schlegeli
Sebastes schlegeli
no. of pooled samples
No. of Individual
Common Name
Surf Clam
Oyster
Asian Periwinkle
Asian Periwinkle
Crab
Crab
Crab
Crab
Striped Mullet
Striped Mullet
Striped Mullet
Asian Periwinkle
Asian Periwinkle
Korean Name
동죽
굴
총알고둥
총알고둥
칠게
칠게
칠게
칠게
숭어
숭어
숭어
총알고둥
총알고둥
갈고둥
진주담치
홍합
총알고둥
조피볼락
조피볼락
조피볼락
조피볼락
Blue Mussel
Mussel
Asian Periwinkle
Rockfish
Rockfish
Rockfish
Rockfish
49
7
20
50
50
10
4
10
10
1
1
1
200
100
40
15
4
75
1
1
1
1
21
Field Photos and Note
Site 1:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
04/29/08
sunny, clear
Weather
Sampled by JSK, JN, BK
1:57 pm
LS1, outside of lake, open to Location
Latitude
N37° 20.093’
Gyeonggi Bay
Longitude
E126° 41.370’
industrial complex developed along the inside of the lake, beginning point a
dike Shihwa, muddy tidal flat outside of the lake but also rocky little bit,
biological samples were collected little bit far from dike, 1km
open sea
width
N.A.
depth
N.A.
velocity
33 ppt (12.6oC)
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
LS1
Water
a little turbid, seawater
LS1
Sediment
muddy
LS1
Soil
collected from 100 m from road and 50 m from
dike
LS1
Biological
surf clam
FB-08-04-29 Field Blank
50
(cont.)
Site 2:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
04/29/08
sunny, clear
Weather
Sampled by JSK, JN, BK
2:19 pm
LS2, outside of lake, open to Location
Latitude
N37° 19.543’
Gyeonggi Bay, ca 4km from
Longitude
E126° 39.427’
LS1
small docking spot for fishing boat, middle of dike, little bit turbid
Ambient
Environment
Water
width
Description
depth
velocity
salinity
Sample
ID
Information LS2
LS2
LS2
LS2
open sea
N.A.
N.A.
34 ppt (15oC)
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
Description
a little bit turbid, seawater
not collected, too deep
not collected, no soil available
Oyster
51
(cont.)
Site 3:
Site and Sample Description:
04/29/08
sunny, clear
Weather
Sampled by JSK, JN, BK
2:31 pm
LS3, inside of lake, sandy, a Location
Latitude
N37° 18.657’
little bit rocky, ca 8km from
Longitude
E126° 36.618’
LS1
inside of lake, samples collected from 100m from dike, water quality seems bad,
Ambient
Environment eutrophication little bit
N.A.
Water
width
Description
N.A.
depth
N.A.
velocity
34 ppt (15oC)
salinity
Sample
ID
Samples
Description
Information LS3
Water
a little turbid, saltwater
LS3
Sediment
rocky, no sediment available
LS3
Soil
not collected, no soil available
LS3
Biological
Asian Periwinkle
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
52
(cont.)
Site 4:
Site and Sample Description:
04/29/08
sunny, clear
Weather
Sampled by JSK, JN, BK
2:53 pm
LS4, inside of lake, rocky, ca Location
Latitude
N37° 19.494’
4km from LS1, opposite to
Longitude
E126° 39.340’
LS2
inside of lake, samples collected from 100m from dike, water quality seems bad,
Ambient
Environment similar to LS3
N.A.
Water
width
Description
N.A.
depth
N.A.
velocity
32 ppt (15oC)
salinity
Sample
ID
Samples
Description
Information LS4
Water
a little turbid, brackish
LS4
Sediment
rocky, no sediment available
LS4
Soil
not collected, no soil available
LS4
Biological
snails
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
53
(cont.)
Site 5:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
04/30/08
12:23 pm
AS1
Weather
sunny, clear
Sampled by
JSK, JN, BK
Location
Latitude
Longitude
N36° 53.600’
E126° 54.742’
inside of Asan dam
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
AS1
AS1
AS1
AS1
FB-08-04-30
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1 ppt (17oC)
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
Field Blank
Description
freshwater
sandy
not collected, no soil available
not collected, not available
54
(cont.)
Site 6:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
04/30/08
12:54 pm
AS2
Weather
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
AS2
AS2
AS2
AS2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
28 ppt (16oC)
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
sunny, clear
Sampled by
JSK, JN, BK
Latitude
N36° 54.929’
Longitude
E126° 54.317’
outside of Asan dam, rive flow into Asan Bay, algae developed, muddy
Location
Description
brackish water, close to Asan Bay
muddy
Collected from 50m from load
not collected, not available
55
(cont.)
Site 7:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
04/30/08
13:38 pm
SG1
Weather
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
SG1
SG1
SG1
SG1
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
0 ppt (17oC)
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
sunny, clear
Sampled by
Location
Latitude
Longitude
Inside of Sapgyo dam, a few km from dike toward upstream
Description
freshwater, clean
sandy
collected from 50m from load
not collected, not available
56
JSK, JN, BK
N36° 52.728’
E126° 49.633’
(cont.)
Site 8:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
04/30/08
14:01 pm
SG2
Weather
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
SG2
SG2
SG2
SG2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
28 ppt (18oC)
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
sunny, clear
Sampled by
JSK, JN, BK
Latitude
N36° 53.704’
Longitude
E126° 49.148’
outside of Sapgyo dam, tidal flat developed along the side of river
Location
Description
salt water, turbid
muddy
collected from 50m from load
crab
57
(cont.)
Site 9:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
04/30/08
15:08 pm
SD
Weather
sunny, clear
Sampled by
JSK, JN, BK
Latitude
N36° 50.312’
Longitude
E126° 11.004’
Sinduri beach, resort area, green algae, water clean, close to Taean oil spill site
south direction, little bit oil smells at the depth of 30-50cm in sediment
N.A.
width
N.A.
depth
N.A.
velocity
32 ppt (19oC)
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
SD
Water
sea water, clean
SD
Sediment
sandy
SD
Soil
collected from 150 from beach
SD
Biological
striped mullet (dead ones)
Location
58
(cont.)
Site 10:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
04/30/08
16:24 pm
ML
Weather
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
ML
ML
ML
ML
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
35 ppt (12oC)
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
sunny, clear
Sampled by
JSK, JN, BK
Latitude
N36° 47.027’
Longitude
E126° 08.185’
Manlipo beach, resort area, water looks clean, Taean oil spill site
Location
Description
sea water, clean
sandy
collected from 150 from beach
snails
59
(cont.)
Site 11:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
04/30/08
17:39 pm
AM
Weather
sunny, clear
Sampled by
JSK, JN, BK
Latitude
N36° 32.403’
Longitude
E126° 19.588’
Anmyeon beach, resort area, water looks clean, far south from Taean oil spill
site
N.A.
width
N.A.
depth
N.A.
velocity
28 ppt (18oC)
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
AM
Water
sea water, clean
AM
Sediment
sandy
AM
Soil
collected from 150 from beach
AM
Biological
snails and mussels
Location
60
(cont.)
Site 12:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
05/01/08
11:14 pm
GG2
Weather
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
GG2
GG2
GG2
GG2
FB-08-05-01
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4 ppt (22oC)
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
Field Blank
sunny, clear
Sampled by
Location
Latitude
Longitude
outside of Geumgang dam, downstream, little bit turbid
Description
freshwater
muddy
collected from 20 m from liver
not collected, not available
61
JSK, JN, BK
N36° 00.510’
E126° 44.117’
(cont.)
Site 13:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
05/01/08
11:32 pm
GG1
Weather
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
GG1
GG1
GG1
GG1
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
0 ppt (20oC)
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
sunny, clear
Sampled by
Location
Latitude
Longitude
inside of Geumgang dam, upstream, little bit turbid
Description
freshwater
muddy
collected from 20 m from liver
not collected, not available
62
JSK, JN, BK
N36° 01.347’
E126° 44.532’
(cont.)
Site 14:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
05/01/08
13:36 pm
YS2
Weather
sunny, clear
Sampled by
JSK, JN, BK
Latitude
N36° 47.198’
Longitude
E126° 27.767’
inside of Yeongsangang dam, upstream, several km from dam, turbid, near
Mokpo City
N.A.
width
N.A.
depth
N.A.
velocity
0 ppt (20oC)
salinity
ID
Samples
Description
YS2
Water
freshwater
YS2
Sediment
sandy
YS2
Soil
collected from 50 m from liver
YS2
Biological
not collected
Location
63
(cont.)
Site 15:
Site and Sample Description:
Sampling
Time
Sampling
Site
Ambient
Environment
Water
Description
Sample
Information
05/01/08
14:28 pm
YS1
Weather
width
depth
velocity
salinity
ID
YS1
YS1
YS1
YS1
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
25 ppt (18oC)
Samples
Water
Sediment
Soil
Biological
sunny, clear
Sampled by
JSK, JN, BK
Latitude
N36° 46.930’
Longitude
E126° 26.648’
outside of Yeongsangang dam, downstream, clean, near Mokpo City
Location
Description
brackish water
sandy
collected from 50 m from liver
rockfish and snails
64
3. ANALYSIS
3.1. Sample Preparation and Analysis
For Korean Samples:
Soil and sediment samples collected from Korea have been freeze dried and shipped to China for
further extraction. Water samples collected from Korea have been extracted for PFCs in Korea
and cartridge samples have been shipped to Canada for further instrumental analysis.
Biological samples were identified, dissected, and tissue samples were freeze dried in Korea and
all the dried samples were shipped to China for further extraction.
Stepwise Procedure for Sample Analysis:
STEP
Sampling
Dioxin-like PAHs
20 g
10g
Korea
Freeze dry
Korea
Extraction Soxhlet
China
Clean-up Al, Si, C
Canada
Instrument HRGC/MS
Canada
Bioassay Bioassays
Canada
Treatment
Korea
Freeze dry
Korea
Soxhlet
China
Si
China
GC/MS
China
OCPs
10 g
PFCs
5g
Metals
10 g
Others
50 g
Korea
Freeze dry
Korea
Solvent ext
China
SPE(florisil)
China
GC/ECD
China
Korea
Freeze dry
Korea
Solvent
China
SPE(HLB)
China
LC/MS
Canada
Korea
Freeze dry
Korea
Archives
Canada
Korea
Freeze dry
Korea
Archives
Canada
Note: Water samples are analyzed for PFCs only
65
Total
ca.
150 g
For Chinese Samples:
All the samples collected from China are now being processed similar to Korean samples.
Sample extraction and clean-up procedures have been summarized below step by step and
further detailed procedures are provided in the corresponding SOPs.
Stepwise Procedure for Sample Analysis:
STEP
Sampling
Dioxin-like PAHs
20 g
10g
China
Freeze dry
China
Extraction Soxhlet
China
Clean-up Al, Si, C
Canada
Instrument HRGC/MS
Canada
Bioassay Bioassays
Canada
Treatment
China
Freeze dry
China
Soxhlet
China
Si
China
GC/MS
China
OCPs
10 g
PFCs
5g
Metals
10 g
Others
50 g
China
Freeze dry
China
Solvent ext
China
SPE(florisil)
China
GC/ECD
China
China
Freeze dry
China
Solvent
China
SPE(HLB)
China
LC/MS
Canada
China
Freeze dry
China
Archives
Canada
China
Freeze dry
China
Archives
Canada
Note: Water samples will be analyzed for PFCs and metals only
66
Total
ca.
150 g
4. FUTURE PLAN
4.1. Timeline
Overall Timeline:
The overall duration of project would be approximately one year (Jan to Dec 2008) but
manuscript will be prepared during the following year of 2009 depending on the process. All
samples are targeted to be analyzed by the end of 2008.
Mon, 2008
1
2
3
4
5
Task
Study plan
Field SOPs
Analytical SOPs
Sampling
Analysis
Data Analysis
Manuscript prep.
Manuscript sub.
67
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Detailed Timeline:
Detailed Timeline (2008)
Date
Jun
Korea
Mail samples to China
Collect more Samples
Jul
Collect more samples
in necessary
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Prepare end of year report
China
Mail water SPE cartridges
to Canada
Freeze dry soil and
sediment
Finish extraction of
biological samples
Mail biological extracts
to Canada
Start soil and sediment
extractions
Canada
Ms preparation
from 2006 study
Water sample cleanup
Start water sample analysis
Biological sample analysis
Ms preparation
from 2006 study
Mail soil and sediment
Soil and sediment analysis
PFCs extracts
for PFCs
Continue extracting soil
Ms preparation
and sediment
from 2006 study
Mail soil and sediment
Analysis soil and sediment
raw extracts
for dioxin etc.
Submit ms from 2006 study
Analysis soil and sediment Prepare posters for SETAC
for organics
Start bioassays
Data analysis
Bioassays
Present at SETAC
Prepare end of year report Prepare end of year report
68
4.2. Manuscript
Proposed Authors: will be selectively involved according to the subject
Yonglong Lu*, Tieyu Wang, Wentao Jiao, Wenyou Hu, Wei Luo, Xiang Zhang (RCEES, China)
John P. Giesy*, Jong Seong Khim, Jonathan E Naile, Paul D. Jones, Yi Wan (U of S, Canada)
Chul-Hwan Koh, Jinsoon Park, Bong-Oh Kwon (SNU, Korea)
Team Leaders: for sample collection, analysis, and manuscript preparation
Tieyu Wang (RCEES, China)
Jong Seong Khim (U of S, Canada)
Proposed Manuscript Topics:
Expected >15 papers from the samples collected in the Yellow Sea in 2008. Target is for three
papers in ES&T and at least one paper in Nature or Science.
Topic
1 Residue analysis & source identification
- PFCs
- PCDD/DFs, co-PCBs
- PAHs
- OC pesticides
- heavy metals
2 Assessment of soil/sediment & water qualities
- sediment and water
- soil
3 Mass balance for TIE & potential biological effects
- dioxin-like
- estrogenic
- steroidogenesis
4 Fate and food web study
- PFCs
- PCDD/DFs
5 Mass balance of Cl-, Br- and F- compounds
- F- Cl-, Br6 Environmental Management
- PTS versus land use, human health, protection
69
Lead by
# of paper
Dr. Wang or Mr. Naile
Dr. Khim or Dr. Wan
Dr. Khim or Mr. Jiao
Dr. Wang or Mr. Hu
Dr. Luo
2
2
2
1
1
Dr. Khim
Mr. Zhang
1
1
Dr. Khim or Dr. Wang
1
1
1
Mr. Naile
Dr. Wan
1
1
Mr. Naile
Dr. Wan
1
Dr. Lu or Dr. Wang
2
18
Field Participants
Korea Trip: April 29-May 1, 2008
Jong Seong Khim, Jonathan Naile (U of S, Canada) and Bong-Oh Kwon (SNU, Korea)
China Trip: May 6-18, 2008
Tieyu Wang, Wentao Jiao, Wenyou Hu, Wei Luo, Xiang Zhang (RCEES, China)
Jong Seong Khim, Jonathan Naile (U of S, Canada) and Jinsoon Park (SNU, Korea)
70