14th Coherent Laser Radar
Conference 2007
(CLRC XIV)
Snowmass, Colorado, USA
8-13 July 2007
ISBN: 978-1-61567-155-7
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SESSION 1: FUNDAMENTAL COHERENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Enhancing the Range and Information Grasp by Improving Coherence of the LIDAR Reference
Oscillator ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
J. L. Hall
The Photon Concept .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
M. O. Scully
Noise-Free Amplification: Towards Quantum Laser Radar.............................................................................................. 4
P. Kumar, V. Grigoryan, M. Vasilyev
Kilowatt Fiber Amplifiers as Highly Coherent Sources for Laser Radar......................................................................... 8
D. N. Payne, J. Nilsson, Y. Jeong, C. Codemard, J. Sahu
A Proposed 1 Micron Eye-safe LIDAR System for Global Space-based Remote Wind Measurements ...................... 12
A. K. Sridharan, R. L. Byer
A Summary of the First Decadal Survey for Earth Sciences and Applications.............................................................. 16
M. Kavaya
SESSION 2: REMOTE SENSING PRIORITIES FOR THE FUTURE
The Roles of Laser Radar in Layered Sensing .................................................................................................................. 17
P. F. McManamon
SESSION 3: GROUND AND AIRBORNE WIND MEASURMENT SYSTEMS
Ship-based High Resolution Doppler LIDAR (HRDL) Measurements of Boundary Layer Winds and
Relative Aerosol Backscatter During the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study........................................................................ 19
S. C. Tucker, A. Brewer, R. M. Hardesty, S. P. Sandberg, A. M. Weickmann, D. C. Law, R. M. Marchbanks, B. M.
McCarty, J. Machol
Recent LIDAR-based Wake Vortex Measurements at DLR............................................................................................ 23
S. Rahm, I. Smalikho, R. Simmet
1.5µm All Fiber Pulsed LIDAR for Wake Vortex Monitoring ........................................................................................ 27
A. Dolfi-Bouteyre, M. Valla, B. Augere, J. P. Cariou, D. Goular, D. Fleury, G. Canat, C. Planchat, T. Gaudo, L.
Lombard, O. Petilon, J. Lawson-Daku
Long Range All-fiber Coherent Doppler LIDAR(CDL) System...................................................................................... 31
T. Ando, S. Kameyama, T. Sakimura, K. Asaka, Y. Hirano
An Innovative and Autonomous 1.5µm Coherent LIDAR for PBL Wind Profiling ...................................................... 35
J. P. Cariou, R. Parmentier, M. Valla, L. Sauvage, I. Antoniou, M. Courtney
Coherent Doppler LIDAR Measurements of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer........................................................... 39
R. Frehlich, Y. Meillier, M. L. Jensen
Wind LIDAR Developments and Measurements of NICT............................................................................................... 43
K. Mizutani, T. Itabe, S. Ishii, T. Aoki, Y. Murayama, H. Iwai
Lidars in Wind Energy........................................................................................................................................................ 47
J. Mann, F. Bingol, M. Courtney, I. Antoniou, G. C. Larsen, T. Mikkelsen, E. Dellwik, H. E. Jorgensen
Analysis of the Nocturnal Development & Dispersion of Smoke Puffs in the Atmosphere Using Lidar...................... 51
A. Linganagari, R. Calhoun, H. J. S. Fernando
Advantage of the High Resolution Doppler LIDAR Measurements for Nighttime Boundary Layer
Study and Wind-energy Applications ................................................................................................................................ 55
Y. L. Pichugina, R. M. Banta, N. D. Kelley, B. J. Jonkman, W. A. Brewer, S. P. Sandberg, J. L. Machol
Next Generation Doppler LIDAR Sensor at 1.6µm .......................................................................................................... 59
S. M. Hannon, S. R. Vetorino, J. V. Pelk
Airborne Doppler Wind LIDAR Prospecting for Vertical Structures at Flight Level................................................... 63
G. D. Emmitt, C. O'Handley
Coherent LIDAR Activites at NASA Langley Research Center...................................................................................... 67
M. J. Kavaya, F. Amzajerdian, G. J. Koch, U. N. Singh, J. Yu
Flight Test of the AWIATOR Airborne LIDAR Turbulence Sensor .............................................................................. 71
N. P. Schmitt, W. Rehm, T. Pistner, H. Diehl, P. Nave, G. Jenaro-Rabadan, P. Mirand, M. Reymond
SESSION 4: SPACE-BASED LIDAR
The ADM-Aeolus Mission: Operation & Data Processing ............................................................................................... 75
H. Nett, M. Endermann
LIDARs in ESA's Earth Observation Missions................................................................................................................. 79
Y. Durand, A. Hellere, P. Bensi, J. L. Bezy, R. Meynart
Wind Retrieval from ADM-Aeolus Signals ....................................................................................................................... 83
A. Dabas, M. L. Denneulin, P. Flamant, O. Reitbuch, J. Streicher, I. Leike, D. Huber, U. Paffrath
ADM-Aeolus Spin-off Products and Retrieval Algorithms .............................................................................................. 87
M. L. Denneullin, P. Flamant, J. Cuesta, A. Dabas, D. Huber
ADM-Aeolus Level-2B Wind Retrieval Algorithms.......................................................................................................... 91
D. G. H. Tan, E. Andersson, J. de Kloe, G. J. Marseille, A. Stoffelen, P. Poli, M. L. Denneulin, A. Dabas, D.
Huber, O. Reitebuch, P. Flamant, O. L. Rille, A. G. Straume, H. Nett
LIDAR Technology Developments for ESA's Earth Observation Missions ................................................................... 95
Y. Durand, A. Heliere, J. L. Bezy, R. Meynart
Optical Autocovariance Wind LIDAR and Performance from LEO.............................................................................. 99
C. J. Grund, M. Stephens, C. Weimer
LIDAR and Mission Parameter Trade Study of Space-based Coherent Wind Measurement Centered
on NASA's 2006 GWOS Wind Mission Study Parameters ............................................................................................ 103
M. J. Kavaya, R. G. Frehlich
Direct Detection Doppler LIDAR Development at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center: Past,
Present and Future ............................................................................................................................................................ 107
B. Gentry, M. McGill
The CALIPSO Mission and Initial Inputs for Doppler Wind LIDAR Studies............................................................. 111
D. Winker, Y. Hu
SESSION 5: CO2 MEASUREMENT LIDAR
Laser Sounder for Global Measurement of CO2 Concentrations in the Troposphere from Space............................. 115
J. B. Abshire, H. Riris, G. Allan, X. Sun, J. Chen, S. R. Kawa, J. P. Mao, M. Stephen, J. F. Burris, M. A. Krainak
Recent Results and Progress on the Development of a Laser Absorbtion Spectrometer for CO2 Sink
and Source Detection......................................................................................................................................................... 118
G. D. Spiers, R. T. Menzies, M. Phillips, S. Geier, I. Poberezhskly, P. Meras
Road to CO2 DIAL Mission .............................................................................................................................................. 122
P. Flamant, F. Gibert, D. Bruneau
A Sinusoidal Modulated-CW Integrated Path Differential Absorbtion LIDAR for Mapping Sources
and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide from Space ........................................................................................................................ 124
M. Dobbs, W. Sharp, J. Jenney
2µm Heterodyne Differential Absorption LIDAR for Both Atmospheric CO2 and Wind
Measurements: Validation and Geophysical Application .............................................................................................. 128
F. Gibert, L. Joly, I. Xueref-Remy, M. Schmidt, M. Ramonet, P. H. Flamant, D. Bruneau, D. Edouart
Coherent Differential Absorption LIDAR for Atmospheric CO2 Measurement.......................................................... 132
S. Ishii, K. Mizutani, T. Itabe, T. Aoki, H. Fukuoka, T. Ishikawa, K. Asai, A. Sato
Feasiblity Study on 1.6 Micron CW Modulation DIAL System..................................................................................... 136
S. Kameyama, Y. Hirano, S. Ueno, N. Sugimoto, T. Kimura
SESSION 6: HARD TARGET LASER RADAR
Multiple Beam Laser Doppler Vibrometry for Landmine Detection ............................................................................ 138
J. M. Sabatier, V. Aranchuk
Recent Activites in Laser Sensing at FOI ........................................................................................................................ 142
O. Steinvall
Field Demonstration of a Photon Counting Laser Radar for Imaging Through Foliage ............................................ 149
M. Vaidyanathan, S. Blask, V. Reynolds
S3 Program Update: High-Resolution Three-dimensional Imaging.............................................................................. 153
J. Buck, A. Malm, A. Zakel, B. Krause, B. Tiemann
Effects of Spatial Averaging on Coherent LADAR Pulse-Pair Vibration Measurements........................................... 157
D. Jameson, M. Dierking, B. Duncan
PANEL DISCUSSION: LASER RADAR – TRAINING AND EDUCATION
LADAR and Optical Communications Institute (LOCI) ............................................................................................... 161
P. F. McManamon
SESSION 7: MODELING AND SIMULATION
Atmospheric Aberrations in Coherent Laser Systems ................................................................................................... 163
A. Belmonte
Coherent LIDAR CNR: A Summary of the Effects of Refractive Turbulence and the Dependance on
the Normalized Irradiance Variance................................................................................................................................ 167
D. Jacob, P. Gatt
Finite Dead-Time Geiger-Mode APD Performance........................................................................................................ 171
P. Gatt, T. Nichols, S. Johnson
Monte Carlo Canopy Propagation Model........................................................................................................................ 175
M. A. Greiner, B. D. Duncan, M. P. Dierking
SESSION 8: RELATED COHERENT OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND
APPLICATIONS
Coherent Detection for Fiber Optic Communications Using Real Time Digital Signal Processing............................ 179
M. G. Taylor
LIGO - Coherent Optical Length Measurement with 10-18m Accuracy........................................................................ 183
V. Quetschke
Coherent Laser Communication Terminals for LEO-GEO Data Links....................................................................... 187
B. Smutny, R. Lange, G. Muhlnikel, F. Heine
SESSION 9: SYNTHETIC AND MULTI-APERTURE COHERENT LASER RADAR
SYSTEM
Synthetic Aperture LADAR for Tactical Imaging Overview......................................................................................... 191
M. P. Dierking, B. Schumm, J. C. Ricklin, P. G. Tomlinson, S. D. Fuhrer
Novel Multi-Aperture 3D Imaging Systems .................................................................................................................... 195
J. C. Marron, R. L. Kendrick, T. A. Hoft, N. Seldomridge
Sparse Aperture Imaging.................................................................................................................................................. 199
N. J. Miller, M. P. Dierking, B. D. Duncan
SESSION 10: NOVEL SYSTEMS
Quantum States and Coherent Laser Radar ................................................................................................................... 203
M. A. Rubin, S. Kaushik
Coherent Detection with Arrays of Photon-Counting Detectors ................................................................................... 207
J. B. Ashcom, S. Kaushik, R. M. Heinrichs
LIDAR with Femtosecond Fiber-Laser Frequency Combs............................................................................................ 211
N. R. Newbury, W. C. Swann, I. Coddington
High Resolution Range/Doppler LADAR Using Broadband Coherent Optical Processing........................................ 215
W. R. Babbitt, P. A. Roos, Z. Cole, R. R. Reibel, T. Berg, B. Kaylor, K. D. Merkel, K. H. Wagner, F. Schlottau, Y.
Li, A. Hoskins
Atmospheric Probing Using LIDAR Systems at NPL, New Delhi: A Review............................................................... 219
S. L. Jain
Velocity Sensing FSPT-modulated Coherent LIDAR..................................................................................................... 223
P. Lindelow
Terahertz Vibrometer that Senses Sub-micron Vibrations Behind Barriers ............................................................... 227
J. C. Chen, S. Kaushik
Optical Detection of Terahertz Using Nonlinear Parametric Upconversion ................................................................ 231
M. J. Khan, J. C. Chen, S. Kaushik
SESSION 11: ADVANCED COMPONENT TECHNOLGIES
Qualification Testing of Laser Diode Pump Arrays for Space-based 2-micron Coherent Doppler
LIDAR ................................................................................................................................................................................ 234
F. Amzajerdian, B. L. Meadows, N. R. Baker, B. W. Barnes, U. N. Singh, M. J. Kavaya
Geiger Mode APD Array Tech Transfer and Terrain Mapping Data Collection ........................................................ 238
M. Salisbury, J. Boisvert, S. Connors, G. Stuart, A. Portillo
Advanced Laser Transmitters for LIDAR Applications ................................................................................................ 241
F. Hovis, C. Wimer, J. Applegate, C. Hostetler, A. Cook, J. Hair, B. Gentry, J. Wang, M. Dehring
Using a Photo-acoustic Cell to Manage Pulsed Laser Spectral Shift: Application to Accurate
Atmospheric CO2 Heterodyne Differential Absorption LIDAR Measurements ......................................................... 245
F. Gibert, F. Marnas, D. Edouart, P. H. Flamant
Coherent Seed Laser for the AEOLUS Mission.............................................................................................................. 249
F. Heine, R. Lange, K. Schleber, S. Windisch, B. Smutny
Eyesafe 1.6µm Er:YAG Transmitters for Coherent Laser Radar................................................................................. 253
R. C. Stoneman, R. Hartman, E. A. Schneider, A. I. R. Malm, S. R. Vetorino, C. G. Garvin, J. V. Pelk, S. M.
Hannon, S. W. Henderson
POSTER SESSION
Dispelling the Myth of Reduced Heterodyne Efficiency with Increasion Detection Aperture .................................... 257
G. E. Busch, D. F. Pierrottet
CFLOS Statistics for Design of Future Space Based LIDARS ...................................................................................... 261
G. D. Emmitt, S. Greco
Coherent LADAR Angle Estimation Error Analysis...................................................................................................... 265
P. Gatt, S. Shald
Single and Dual-Doppler LIDAR Measurments of the Sea Breeze at Sendai Airport................................................. 269
H. Iwai, S. Ishii, K. Mizutani, Y. Murayama, N. Kaku, S. Weiming, T. Yamazaki, T. Iwasaki
LIDAR Measurement of Oceanic Temperature and Sound Speed................................................................................ 273
J. W. Katz, E. S. Fry
Doppler Chirp Signal Processing for Particle Acceleration Measurement with Laser-Doppler
Velocimetry ........................................................................................................................................................................ 275
K. T. Lowe, R. L. Simpson
Experiments with Multi-Aperture Three-dimensional Coherent Imaging ................................................................... 279
J. E. Mason, K. A. Anderson, R. L. Kendrick, T. S. Kubo, J. C. Marron, T. Zhao
A Deeper Look at the Fundamentals of Heterodyne Detection Requirements ............................................................. 283
C. Roychoudhuri, N. S. Prasad
Chirped Amplitude Modulation Continous Wave (AM-CW) LADAR for 3D Imaging and Doppler
Tracking ............................................................................................................................................................................. 287
B. Redman, Z. G. Sztankay, B. Stann, W. Ruff, M. Giza, W. Lawler, J. Dammann, K. Aliberti, P. Shen, D. Simon, G.
Ovrebo, W. Potter
Dynamic Holographic Beam Steering .............................................................................................................................. 291
S. Serati, J. Stockley
Comparison of FIR and IIR Filters in Coherent LIDAR Processing ............................................................................ 295
S. Shald
A Novel Coherent Laser Radar Architecture Based on Temporal-diversified Optical Orthogonalfrequency-division-multiplexing...................................................................................................................................... N/A
I. Shpantzer, P. S. Cho, J. Khurgin
Platform-Motion Compensation for Velocity Measured by Doppler LIDAR .............................................................. 299
R. J. Hill, A. Brewer, S. C. Tucker
A Case Study of Multi-layered Wind Structure Over Tokyo Associated with Sea Breeze Circulation
by Use of a Coherent Doppler LIDAR and the WRF Model.......................................................................................... 306
N. Tsunematsu, H. Iwai, S. Ishii, Y. Murayama, M. Yasui, K. Mizutani, S. Kawamura, Y. Ohno
On the Potential for Quantum Enhancements in Coherent Laser Radar Performance.............................................. 310
M. C. Welliver, N. Allen
Range-Doppler Imaging Using Pseudo-Random Phase-Modulation Coherent LADAR: A Study Using
the SEASAT Satellite Retro-Reflectors............................................................................................................................ 314
D. G. Youmans
Reconstruction of Cross-Wind Profile from Turbulent Intensity Fluctuations of Diffusely Scattered
Optical Wave...................................................................................................................................................................... 318
V. A. Banakh, D. A. Marakasov, M. A. Vorontsov
Automatic LIDAR Windshear Detection Algorithm - A Refinement............................................................................ 322
P. W. Chan, M. L. Kuo
Retrieval of 3D Wind Field from LIDAR Velocity Data ................................................................................................ 326
X. Xu, P. W. Chan
LIDAR-based Turbulence Intensity Calculation Along Glide Paths............................................................................. 330
K. M. Kwong, P. W. Chan
Author Index