Wisconsin Citizen Lake Monitoring Training Manual (Chemistry Procedures) 3rd Edition Written by Carolyn Rumery Betz and Patricia J. Howard Revised by Sandy Wickman and Laura Herman Front cover: center photos courtesy of Robert Korth, background photo from the WI DNR photo archives. Back cover: WI DNR photo archives. (Formerly PUBL-WR-258 90) The Secchi information in this manual was originally written by Carolyn Rumery Betz and Patricia J. Howard and has been revised. The Secchi information was previously released as publication number PUBL-WR-251-90. Mention of trade names and commercial products do not constitute endorsement of their use. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equal opportunity in its employment, programs, services, and functions under an Affirmative Action Plan. If you have any questions please write to Equal Opportunity Office, Department of Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. This publication is available in alternative format (large print, Braille, audio tape, etc.) upon request. Please call Wisconsin Depart­ment of Natural Resources, Bureau of Science Services, at 608-266-0531 for more information. Wisconsin Citizen Lake Monitoring Training Manual (Chemistry Procedures) Written by Carolyn Rumery Betz and Patricia J. Howard 3rd Edition Revised by Sandy Wickman and Laura Herman Acknowledgements The following individuals provided valuable assistance in the development of this manual: Paul J. Anderson, Richard Betz, Paul Garrison, Doug Knauer, Richard Lathrop, Richard Lillie, Dave Marshall, Celeste Moen, Neal O’Reilly, Tim Rasman, Dan Ryan, Bob Schucknecht, Mark Sesing, Buzz Sorge, Jo Temte, Jim Vennie, Bob Wakeman, Carl Watras, Richard Wedepohl, Bob Young. Information, review and direction has been provided by: Tim Asplund, Dave Blumer, Heidi Bunk, Kay Coates, Jenny Dahms, Frank Fetter, Jennifer Filbert, Kevin Gauthier, Susan Graham, Martin P. A. Griffin, Maureen Janson, Deb Konkel, Michelle Lehner, Tiffiney Lyden, Charmaine Robaidek, Jay Schiefelbein, David Schmoller, Jane Swenson, Scott Szymanski, Scott Toshner, Lindsey Watch and Jennifer Wudi. Edited by: R. Chris Welch Designed by: Michelle E. Voss Published by: Bureau of Science Services Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources PO Box 7921 Madison, WI 53707 2016 WISCONSIN CITIZEN LAKE MONITORING TRAINING MANUAL CITIZEN LAKE MONITORING NETWORK http:/dnr.wi.gov/lakes/CLMN • Find Lake Summary Reports • Graphs and Data • Data Sheets • Remote Sensing Schedule • Your Satellite Path •Awards • Quality Assurance Project Plan CITIZEN LAKE MONITORING NETWORK http://www.uwsp.edu/cnr-ap/UWEXLakes/ Pages/Programs/CLMN/default.aspx •Manuals • Data Sheets • Monitoring Videos • CLMN Newsletter • Links to Other UWEX-Lakes Resources *Lake Tides *Lake Convention •Lake Leaders • Healthy Lakes Initiative page ii Need Answers to Your Questions? Regional CLMN coordinators cover certain counties. The map with areas of coverage is listed below. You may also be able to find answers to your questions on the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources website at http://dnr. wi.gov/lakes/CLMN or the UWEX-Lakes CLMN website at www.uwsp.edu/ cnr/uwexlakes/CLMN. If you are interested in becoming a citizen lake monitoring volunteer, or have questions about training, refresher courses, or other monitoring opportunities, please contact Paul Skawinski, Citizen Lake Monitoring Network Educator, at (715) 346-4853, or by email Paul.Skawinski@uwsp.edu. For questions about the database, reporting data, or annual reports please contact Jennifer Filbert at (608) 264-8533 or toll free at (888) 947-3282, or by email Jennifer.Filbert@wisconsin.gov. For questions about equipment, sampling procedures, or interpreting your water quality data, please contact your regional coordinator. You can visit http:// dnr.wi.gov/lakes/CLMN for a current listing of Citizen Lake Monitoring Network coordinators or call 1-888-936-7463 and ask for the citizen monitoring network coordinator number for your county. page iii W I S C O N S I N C I T I Z E N L A K E M O N I T O R I N G T R A I N I N G M A N U A L Contents Introduction � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � How is CLMN Data Used? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � What Is Expected of Me? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Sample Schedule � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � The Citizen Lake Monitoring Partnership � � Goals of Citizen Lake Monitoring Network � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � What Types of Monitoring Can I Participate In? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Secchi � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Water Chemistry � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Native Aquatic Plant Monitoring � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) Monitoring� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Additional Opportunities: Beyond Citizen Lake Monitoring Network � Factors That Affect Water Clarity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Suspended Sediments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Algae � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Familiar Signs of Runoff Pollution � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Water Color� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Mixing and Stratification � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Water Levels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Wind Generated Waves, Sun Position and Cloud Cover � Motor Boat Activity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � About the Chemistry Data You Will be Collecting � Phosphorus and Chlorophyll � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Phosphorus: Around the Lake in 180 Days � � � � � � � Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1 3 4 5 7 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 15 17. 17 17 18 19 19 21 22 22 23 23 24 25 PROCEDURES 1. Secchi (Water Quality) Monitoring� � � � � � � � � � � � What Equipment Will You Need? � � � � � � � � � � � � � How Do You Prepare to Sample? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Sampling Overview � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � On Lake Procedures: How to Use the Secchi Disk� (continued on next page) page iv � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29 29 30 30 32 PROCEDURES (continued) 2. Temperature Monitoring: Using a Digital Meter� What Equipment Will You Need? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � How Do You Prepare to Sample? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Sampling Overview � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � On Lake Procedures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3. Temperature Monitoring: Using a Van Dorn Water Sampler with a Thermometer What Equipment Will You Need? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � How Do You Prepare to Sample? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Sampling Overview � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � On Lake Procedures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4. Chemistry Monitoring: Phosphorus and Chlorophyll� What Equipment Will You Need?� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � How Do You Prepare to Sample? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Sampling Overview � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � On Lake Procedures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � On Shore Procedures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � How to Fill Out Your Lab Sheet � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Mailing Your Samples � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Quality Assurance Sampling Protocol � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5. Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring: Using a Digital Meter What Equipment Will You Need? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � How Do You Prepare to Sample?� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Sampling Overview � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � On Lake Procedures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37 37 38 38 39 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 41 41 42 42 44 45 51 51 54 59. 59 60 60 60 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6. Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring: Using the Titration Method � What Equipment Will You Need?� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � How Do You Prepare to Sample? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Sampling Overview � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � On Lake Procedures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � On Shore Procedures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Clean-Up 35 35 36 36 36 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 61 61 62 62 63 66 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 72 Taking Care of Data � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Online� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � How to Fill Out Your Field Data Sheet � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � page v 73 73 74 W I S C O N S I N C I T I Z E N L A K E M O N I T O R I N G T R A I N I N G Understanding Your Data � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Lake Types� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Lake Georegions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � What Do My Secchi Readings Mean? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � What Do My Total Phosphorus and Chlorophyll Readings Mean? What is Trophic State?� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � The Natural Aging of Lakes� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Lake Summary Report Sample � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Water Quality Report Example � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Dissolved Oxygen� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Temperature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Water Quality Parameter Guide for Selected Fish Species � � � � � � � � Get to the Root of the Problem � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Secchi Reading and Light Penetration � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � How Does My Lake Compare to Others? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � What if Your Data is Better Than Average? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � What if Your Data is Worse Than Average? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Record-Keeping � � � � � � � Keeping a “Lake Log” � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 76 76 77 78 79 80 81 83 85 86 86 87 88 89 89 89 90 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 92 92 94 What If? Frequently Asked Questions � Glossary � M A N U A L � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Appendix 1: Secchi Collection Summary Sheet � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Appendix 2: Sample Collection Summary Sheet � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Appendix 3: Dissolved Oxygen On-Lake Procedure Summary LaMotte Titration Kit � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 99 100 � � � � � � � � � � � � � 101 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 102 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 103 Appendix 4: How to Report Data Online� Appendix 5: Sample Lab Slip� 96 Appendix 6: Chemical Safety Information � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Appendix 7: Helpful Tips When Calibrating Your YSI® Hand-held Dissolved Oxygen Meter � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 106 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 108 109 110 111 112 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 113 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 114 Appendix 8: Forms � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � Secchi and Chemistry Datasheet � � � � � � � � � Ice Observation Report – “Ice On” � � � � � � � Ice Observation Report – “Ice Off” � � � � � � � Aquatic Invasives Presence/Absence Report Schedule for Chemistry, Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring � � � � � � � � Additional Resources and Literature Cited� page vi 104 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �