I
I
LAS
JULY 1973
EXTENSION
t2A1t20j344L&LV PROJECT
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY

Sherman County, Oregon
RESOURCE
ATLAS
NATURAL
HUMAN
ECONOMIC
PUBLIC
July 1973
Oregon State University Extension Service
Prepared by Marilyn Ruttle, Research Assistant,
Under the supervision of
Robert 0 Coppedge,
Extension Economist, and Russell C. Youiians,
Extension Resource Economist,
Department of Agricultuaj Economics
For sale by the Extension Business Office,
Extension Hall 118,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97311.
$2.50 per copy.

15

Contents
General Description
Climate
Soils
.....................
Soil Characteristics and Land Capability.
Land Ownership
Land
Use......................
Agricultural Land
.................
...............
Water
.
Minerals
Wildlife.
..........
Human Resources
Population
Education
......................
Health and Vital Statistics
Public Welfare
Housing
Agriculture
Outdoor Recreation
46
.............51
Business
56
23
23
26
32
36
40
43
45
2
2
6
10
14
15
17
18
20
20
21
Public Services
Transportation
Communication
Library Facilities
Utilities
Public Finance
Selected List of Agencies
Selected Bibliography
...................
70
68
62
58
58
59
60
61
Page

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Sherman County has an area of approximately ranks 28th among Oregonrs
531,200 acres.
The County
36 counties in size.
The county is located in the north-central portion of the state bordering the Columbia River on the north approximately 95 miles east from Portland, 113 miles west of Pendleton and
115 miles northeast from Salem, the state capital.
Sherman County is bordered on three sides by major 'rivers; the Columbia
River on the north, Deschutes River on the west and the John Day on the east
Bordering countiea are Wasco to the west and south and Gilliam to the east.
The nearest large city is The Dalles in Wasco County, 20 miles west along the
Columbia River.
The population of the county has declined steadily in recent years.
Since 1960 it has declined 13 percent.
There are also fewer businesses in the county' now than there were in 1900.
The major industries are agriculture and livestock raising with 55 percent of the land area classified as tillable compared to the state-wide average of 8 percent.
The principal crops raised are dry land cereal grains, including wheat and barley'.
There are also 1L1.,000 head of beef cattle raised each year in the county 1/
The county' is entirely' on the Columbia Plateau.
It is a lava-floored plain that has been uplifted since molten basalt flooded the area.
Elevations range from 185 feet along the Columbia River to about 3,600 feet in the southern part of the county'.
The greatest variation in relief, however, is in the northern part.
Toward the south, the hills are smooth and slopes are gentle.
Sherman County' has predominantly the continental climate of the Intermountain Region.
The Columbia Gorge, however, is a natural passageway' through the mountains for the normal eastward migration of ocean-conditioned air masses from the Pacific.
Much of the time these serve to modify' extreme temperatures of both summer and winter.
As a result, rarely' do the abnormally' hot or abnormally' cool spells persist for more than a few day's at a time.
The absolute range in recorded temperature is from 28 degrees below zero to above.
113 degrees
During the warm summer months, day'time humidity' is low, ranging between
35 and u.S
percent.
Although the low annual rainfall in the county is characteristic of the
Intermountain Region, the fact that about half of it fells during the period
November through February' reflects the' influence of marine air masses moving in from the Pacific.
Average annual precipitation totals vary from approximately' 10 to 12 inches.
The average annual snowfall is only about 22 inches,and more than a few inches of snow in a 2L-hour period is uncommon.
1/
Oregon State University' Extension Service, Agriculture in Oregon Counties
-
Farm Sales and General Characteristics, Special Report 330,
Oregon State
University, 1971.

The following is a summary of pertinent facts about the county's physical aspects: 1/
Area: 83Lt square miles
531,200 acres
Elevation at Moro: 1,807 feet
Average Temperature:
Summer * 66.0 degrees F.
Winter - 35.0 degrees F.
County Seat: Noro
Population: 2,100 (1972)
True Cash Value:
$59,075,819
(1972)
Principal InOis tries:
Agriculture, Livestock Raising
Established: February 25, 1889
PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Climate
The climate of Sherman County' is typical of OregonTs Columbia Basin
Counties.
Most large air masses at this latitude are moving from the west.
Thus they have many characteristics of the marine air masses although much of their moisture is lost by the clouds' ascent over the mountains.
By the time the masses reach the county, they are much drier than they originally were which accounts for the low yearly rainfall.
However, the air off the
Pacific Ocean does have a moderating effect on the low ninter and high summer temperatures.
Occasionally during the winter, cold arctic air from over north-central
Canada will reach the Basin causing the temperature to fall
10 to 15 degrees below zero During the summer, a similar dry hot air mass will build up in north-central Canada and the Basin, and after several cloudless day's of hot sun, temperatures may' reach into the 100's.
Usually', there are 25 to LiO days a year with temperatures of 900 F or more, and this part of the state usually has the highest swnmer temperatures.
Rainfall is less than in many' parts of the state and increases consider.
ably in the higher elevations.
Sixty' percent of the total rainfall occurs between Novembex and March with only 12 percent during the three summer months
Only on the slopes of the mountainous areas does any significant amount of the precipitation occur as snow
Actual sunshine recordings have never been made lii the county, but observers report that there are 100 to 120 clear, 80 to 90 partly clouc, and
165 to 185 cloudy days each year
The relative humidity is generally low although even in summer months humidity' may' reach 90 to 100 percent in the early morning hours.
1/ Oregon State Executive Department, Clay' Meyers, Secretary' of State,
Oregon Blue Book, 1971-72, January' 1971.

The following tables give information on temperature, precipitation and freeze data for the county.
Station
Table 1.
Weather Recording Stations, Sherman County'
Elevation
Years of Record
Temperature Precipitation
Moro..
I&'asco
Kent
SOURCE:
1,868
1, 26t
2,720
60 62
6
L5
U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, D6cennial Census of
U.S. Climate, Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No. 86-31,
1965.
Table Freeze Data, Sherman County', 1971
City
16° F.
20° F.
or below
2L° F.
or below
28° F.
or bolow
32° F.
or below
Kent
Moro
3/1-10/28
1/13-10/28 last date in spring - first date in fall - - - -
3/5-10/28
3/2-10/28
3/31-10/27
3/19-10/17
5/17-10/15
14/l2-..o/l7
5/30-7/8
)4/23-l0/16
SOURCE: U.S.. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Environmental Data Service, Climatological Data,
Annual Summary 1971, Vol. 77, No. 13.
Table 3.
Temperature Extremes, Sherman County', 1971
City
Highest
Temperature Date
Lowest
Temperature Date
Kent
Moro.
SOURCE:
102° F.
103° F.
8/11
8/11
12° F.
110
F.
10/29
1/12
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Environmental Data Service,
Annual Summary 1971, Vol. 77, No.
13.
Climatological Data,

Table ii.
Temperature and Precipitation, by' Month, Sherman County, 1951-1960
Are a Years Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. IMay June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Annual
Average
Precip.
inches
Kent... Per 1/10 1.60 1.19 1.05
.66 1.30
.92
.29
.2L
.50
.70 1.20 1.38
Reä/37 l.3L l.OL
Noro... Per 10 2.29 1.26 1.20
.68 i.1LL
.80
.18
.18
Rec
Wasco.. Per
Rec
.96
102.271.121.17
.80 1.05
.70
.8L
.98
.67
.26
.20
.23
.21
53 1.69 1.29
.98
.69
.7L
.67
.18
.20
.61
.50
.53
.87 1.31 1.29
11.03
.83 1.53 1.58
12.17
521.69 1.23
.9L
.7t
.83
.73
.17
.19
.6L1.
.98 1.70 i.6L1.
.88 1.58 1.52
iO.7L
ii.t8
11.69
.60 1.02 1.78 1.75
11.59
Average
Temp.
Kent... Per degrees
10 29.8 3I.7 38.2 L5.6 53.2 59.6 68.5 66.1 60.8 50.6 38.2
33.1
Rec 36 29.1 33.8 39.8 I6.L 53.9 60.1 68.3 66.8 59.9 50.2
39.1 33.1
Noro... Per
10 29.9 35.6 39.6 L7.2 5L.7 60.7 68.7 66.2 60.9 I9.8 38.0 33.5
Rec 30 29.8 3Li.6 L1.L Lj8.3 55.6 61.Lj. 68.9 67.5 61.2 50.7 38.7
33.7
L8.2
ti8.L
L18.7
L9.3
Highest
Temp.
degrees
Kent... Per 9 58.0 63.0 77.0 80.0 90.0 97.0 102 98.0 97.0 87.0 68.0 62.0
102.0
Moro.
Rec
Per
Rec
35 60.0 66.0 77.0 89.0 93.0 99.0 108 101 97.0 89.0 7Li.0 65.0
108.0
10 58.0 63.0 7L1.0 80.0 92.0 96.0 102 99.0 98.0 87.0 67.0 61.0
30 61.0 68.0 75.0 87.0 96.0 100 111 102 98.0 87.0 70.0 63.0
102.0
111.0
Lowest
Temp.
degrees
Kent... Per
9 -15 - 7
5 21 25 32
3L 39 30 22
- 8 - 3
Rec 35 -17 -19
Moro... Per
10 -22 -12 8
Rec 30 -22 -23
5 18 21 32
3L 37 21
19 20 32 3!
37 2
7 19 20 32
3L 35
2LL
8
20
8
- 8 - 8
-10
3
-10 - 6
-15
-19
-22
-23
1/ Per indicated the period or number of years the data were gathered.
2/ Rec is the number of records or how
SOURCE: many times the data were recorded at &e station
U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S. Climate,
Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No. 86-31,
1965.

Table 5.
Mean Daily Minimum and Maximum Temperatures,
Average Temperatures, and Total Precipitation, Sherman County, 1951-1960 and 1971
City Years
J
Jan. Feb.
Mar.JApr.MayJ1meJu1yfAug.Sept
Oct Nov. Dec.
Annual
Mean
Daily
Minimum
Kent...
Moro....
degrees
Rec /
Rec
35
30
9 229269289339O816153l513I7239229.2 25.9
37.1
21.8 26.0 30.2 314.7 141.2 146.6 52.9 51.9 146.6 38.8 30.3
26.1
37.3
22.9 27.7 29.8 314.9 141.2 146.9 52.2 50.7 b6.1 37.7 29.2
26.6
37.2
22.9 27.0 31.5 36.2 142.2 147.5 53.0 52.0 146.14 38.9 30.5
27.3
38.0
Mean
Daily
Maximum
Kent....
Moro.
Per
Rec
Per
Rec
9
36
10
30 degrees
36.7 ).42.5 147.14 57.3 65.1 73.0 83.8 80.8 714.3 62.1
36.0 141.5 149.5 58.1 66.8 73.9 83.7 81.7 73.2 61.6
36.9 143.14 149.5 59.14 68.1 714.6 85.1 81.7 75.8 62.0
36.6 142.3 51.3 60.5 69.0 75.2 814.8 83.0 75.9 62.14
147.1
140.3
147.)4
39.6
146.8
140.14
147.0
140.1
59.2
59.14
60.3
60.7
Average
Temp.
Kent....
Noro...,.
38.0 37.3 36.9 143.14 53.5 59.14 73.6 76.7 59.5 513
36.1 36.0 37.6 )4..Lj. 514.8 55.9 69.7 71.8 514.8 147.0
141.9
86.1
39.7
33.1
148.6
Total
Precip.
Kent....
Moro....
inches l65
.147 1.05
.67
.80
.73
.18
.68
.93
.57 1.28
.88
9.89
1..63
.12 1.28
.814
.93
.81
.20
.09 1.36
.145 1.50
1.03
10.214
/ Per
2/
Rec
SOURCE: indicates the period or number of years the data were gathered.
is the number of records or how many times the data were recorded at the station.
U S Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atliospheric Administration
Environmental Data Service, Climatological Data, Annual Summary'
No.
13.
1971, Vol.
77,
U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S. Climate,
Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No.
86-31, 1965.

Soils
The seven soil associations in Sherman County are Walla Walla very fine, sandy loam; Walla Walla silt loam, coarse solum; Walla Walla silt loam;
Ritzville silt loam; Condon silt loam; Nansene Rocky' silt loam; and Wrentham rocky silt loam.
Each association contains a few major soils and several minor soils in a pattern that is characteristic of the association, although not strictly uniform throughout the soil.
The soils within any one association are likely to differ in some or in many properties; for example, slope, depth, stoniness, or natural drainage.
Each soil association is named for the major soil series in it, but, as already noted, soiJs of other series may also be present.
L1.
-
The Walla Walla very fine sandy loam association,- which occupies about percent of the county, is located in the northern part of the county along the Columbia River.
It is mainly strongly' rolling hills.
The elevation ranges from about 200 feet along the Columbia River to about 1,200 feet on some of the higher ridges just three miles south of the river.
Seven large V-shaped canyons cut in a general south-to-north direction through the area.
The Walla Walla very fine sandy' barns are dominant, but the association includes significant acreages of Nansene, Starbuck, and Kuhi soils.
The slope range is from three to forty percent and many' soils are influenced by' either a northerly' or a southerly' exposure.
The Walla Walla soils hold about 0.12 inch of available moisture per inch of depth, which is less than that held by the other cultivated soils in the county'.
Runoff generally is low, and water moves through the soils at a moderately' rapid rate.
The Walla Walla soils are used mainly for growing wheat.
Yields vary' greatly, however, because of the differences in soil depth and exposure.
The deep north-facing Walla Walla soils produce the most, whereas, the moderately deep south-facing soils produce the least.
Barley is grom on many acreages because of acreage controls on wheat.
Some Walla Walla soils that were cultivated have been abandoned and now have a cover of cheatgrass, rabbitbrush, and sagebrush.
This acreage is gradually' being planted to improved perennial grass.
The Nansene, Kuhl, and Starbuck soils are generally' too steep, stony, or rocky to be cultivated If the range is in good condition, the Nansene soil and the north-facing Kuhl soils produce abundant forage and can be used for grazing until early summer.
The Walla Walla silt loam, coarse soluni association occupies about eight percent of the county.
The western part is smoothly rolling hills while the eartern and southern parts are less rolling.
In the western part, small drainageways run through the broad swales and larger streams have cut into recent alluvium or basalt bedrock and formed fairly deep cany'ons that have steep sides.
The Walla Walla silt barns occupy' more than 8 percent of this association, and the Stárbuck, Bakeoven, Nansene, and Hermiston soils make up the rest.
-6-

The depth of the soils is closely related to their location and slope.
Typically, the Walla Walla soils are very deep, especially those on ridgetops and on north-facing slopes The shallower Walla Walla silt barns occur mainly on south-facing slopes The range in slope is from three to thirty-five percent, but generally less than twenty "ercent
The Walla Walla silt loanis hold about 0.13 inch of available moisture per inch of depth Water moves through these soils at a moderately rapid rate but at a somewhat slower rate than tlroughout the Walla Walla very fine sandy barns The soils generally absorb most of the precipitation Consequently' runoff is not a serious hazard.
The Walla Walla silt barns are used almost entirely' for growing wheat.
Barley is grown on many of the shallower Walla Walla soils in this association
Small areas are in native grasses and are used for grazing A few areas have beenseeded to improved grasses.
The Starbuck, Bakeoven, and Nansene soils are too stony, shallow or steep to be cultivated Their use is limited to grazing
The Walla Walla silt loam association ccvers about 26 percent of the county The northwestern part, or Locust Grove section, is rolling and slopes generally to the north from Gordon Ridge South of Gordon Ridge to
Nigger Ridge, the association is less sloping.
The eastern part is mainly gently' sloping except along the large cany'on..
The Walla Walla silt barns are dominant in this association, but soils of the Nansene, Kuhb, Hermiston, Starbuck, and Bakeoven series are also included.
In riost places the Walla Walla soils extend to a depth of more than four feet:.
The shallower Walla Walla soils occur mainly' on south-facing slopes bu are also common on slopes near and along the deeper canyons.
The range in slope generally is from three to twenty percent, but in a few places the slope is as much as thirty-five percent
The Walla Walla silt barns hold slightly more than 0.17 inch of available moisture per inch of depth.
Surface runoff varies with different areas.
A relatively small acreage of the Hermiston soil 'occurs on the bottom of the Grass Valley, Hay', and Barnum Canyons.
This soil consists of alluvium1
Typically', it is deep and moderately alkaline.
The WaL.a Wafla silt loams are used almost entirely' for growing wheat in a summer-fallow rotation.
Barley is grown on some of the acreage because of the acreage controls on wheat.
Grass and alfalfa have been seeded in some areas that are not well suited to wheat or barley.
Native grasses grow mostly on the steeper slopes ond in areas that are not accessible for cultivation.

The Nansene, Starbuck, Kuhl, and Bakeoven soils cannot be cultivated, because they are stony, shallow, or steep.
They are used principally for range but need to be well managed to prevent overgrazing.
The Ritzvil]e silt loam association which occupies slightly more than three percent of the county, is in the extreme east-central part of the county.
Locally, it is known as "Starvation Point".
The topography is smooth to gently rolling hills tilting toward the northeast.
Drainage is also in that direction.
The Ritzville silt barns are the dominant soils, but the association also includes soils of the Nansene and Starbuck series.
The Ritzville silt barns are the only soils that are cultivated.
Their depth to basalt bedrock or calcerous material is from 30 to 50 inches.
The slope range is from two to thirty-five percent.
The Ri-bzville soils hold about 0.17 inch of available moisture per inch of depth.
In most places runoff is slow to medium.
Where slope is more than
20 percent, rimnoff is rapid.
The Ritzville soils are used primarily for rotation.
Yields of wheat are the lowest ii-i the county in this area.
Yields of barley are also low.
Some Ritzville soils have been abandoned for use for cultivated crops and have been seeded to crested wheatgrass.
The native range is on the steeper slopes and in areas that are not accessible for cultivation.
All of the Nansene soil is used for grazing or foi forage plants.
are high.
The Starbuck soils also are used for
Yields grazing, but they are somewhat droughty and are low producers of forage.
The Condon silt loam association which occupies about 3L percent of the county is south of Nigger Ridge.
It generally is less rolling than the associations to the north.
The extreme southern part in the vicinity' of Kent, is a nearly level plateau.
The Condon silt barns are dominant, but soils of the Bakeoven, Lickskillet, Wentham, Hermiston, Pedigo, and Walvan series are also included.
In the northern half, the depth to bedrock ranges from about 2½ to
Li.
feet.
In the southern half, it ranges from about 1½ to 3 feet.
The slope range of the Condon soils is from one to seven percent.
depth.
The Condon soils hold about 0.21 inch of available moisture per inch of
Their capacity to supply' moisture to plants depends on their depth to basalt bedrock.
The rate of surface runoff depends on the percentage of slope and on the condition of the surface soil.
Once water enters the soil, it percolates dDwnward at a moderate rate.
The Condon soils are used primarily' for rotation.
barley generally' are higher growing wheat in a summer-fallow
Yields are highest north and west of Grass
Valley.
Yields of on the Condon soils than on the Walla Walla and
Ritzville soils in other associations.
The Condon soils along the edges of this association are used mainly' for range.
8

The Wrentham, Lickskillet, and Bakeoven soils are too stony, shallow, and steep to cultivate.
They' are limited to range use and need to be well managed if overgrazing is to be prevented.
The Hermiston soil is used chiefly for grazing, but most of the range is in poor condition.
The talvan soil is used primarily' for growing wheat.
The Nansene rocky' silt loam, Starbuck extremely' stony silt loam, and
Lickskiflet extremely stony loam association which occupies slightly more than eight percent of the county', is characterized by' river breaks and very' steep canyons.
It occurs in narrow strips along the Deschutes River, from
Nigger Ridge to the Columbia River, and along the
John Day River, from just north of Ferry Canyon to the Columbia River.
The Nansene, Starbuck, and Lickskillet soils are dominant, but the association also includes soils of the Sagemoor, Hermiston, Walla
Walla, and Ritzville series, and sandy' alluvial land.
The Nansene soil is on very' steep north-facing slopes and is high in moisture-supplying capacity.
The depth to basalt ranges from two to six feet.
The Starbuck soils are on most of the south-facing slopes, mainly along the John Day' River.
They range from silt loam to very fine sandy loam in depth to basalt bedrock
In most places they are extremely stony and shallow and are low in moisture supply capacity.
The Lickskjllet soils occur mainly' on south-facing slopes along the
Deschutes River.
They' are shallow and are very' stony or extremely stony'.
The depth to basalt bedrock ranges from 12 to 2L inches and are low in moisture-supplying capacity'.
The Sagemoor soil is on terraces along both the Dcschutes and John Day
Rivers.
It occurs opposite the main cutting bank of the rivers at elevations less than 1,000 feet.
The HermistQn soil and sandy' alluvial land occur mainly along the John
Day River, but there are a few areas along the Deschutes
River.
Most of the acreage in this association is used for range.
Only' a few small areas are cultivated.
The Nansene soil is the highest producer of forage and can be grazed until midsummer, while the Lickskillet and Starbuck soils are low producers of forage and grazing is best in the late winter and spring.
The range on the Sagemoor soil is in poor condition as is the range on the Hermiston soils and sandy' alluvial land.
All need to be well managed to prevent overgrazing.
The Wrentham rocky' silt loam and Lickskillet extremely stony' loam association which occupies almost 16 percent of the county, occurs both in a narrow strip along the Deschutes River south of Nigger Ridge to the county line, and in a narrow strip along the John Day River, from just north of
Ferry Canyon southward to the county line.
It is characterized by' many' deep
V-shaped canyons.
The elevation ranges from about 700 to 2,800 feet.
-9-

The Wrentham and Lickskillet soils are dominant, but the association also includes soils of the Bakeoven, Condon,
Sagemoor, and Hermiston series, sandy alluvial land, and rock outcrop and rubble land.
The Wrentham soil oocurs on very steep north-facing slopes and ranges from 18 inches to more than 60 inches in depth to basalt.
The Lickskillet soils occur on steep and very steep south-facing slopes These are very stony, shallow soils that range from 12 to 2t inches in depth to basalt bedrock.
Debris and outcrops of basilt are common..
The Bakeoven and Condon soils occur in inextensive areas on narrow ridgetops between the Wrentham and Lickskjllet soils.
The Bakeoven soil is very shallow and stony' and the
Condon soils are moderately deep.
The Sagemoor soil occurs opposite the main cutting banks of the John Day' and Deschutes Rivers,
1,000 feet.
at elevations below
The Hermiston soil and sandy' alluvial land are on bottoms, mainly along the John 1y River.
Most of the acreage in this association is used for grazing.
Soil Characteristics and Land Capability
An interpretive grouping of soils in "Land Capabiltty
Classification" has been developed by the Soil Conservation Service.
Tnis grouping shows in a general way', how suitable soils are for most kinds of farming.
Soil characteristics &uch as depth, texture, wetness, slope, erosion hazard, reaction, waterholding capacity', inherent fertility' and climatic conditions as they influence the use and management of land are considered in grouping soils into eight capability' classes.
These eight classes are designated by
Roman numerals and the hazards and limitations of use of the groups increase as the class nunñier increases.
Class I land has few hazards or limitations whereas, Class VIII land is so limited that it is unfit for cultivation and grazing.
This land can only be used for recreation, wildlife habitat or water supply'.
The classification can be broken into two bility' classes I through IV is generally suited divisions: (1) land in capafor cultivation and other uses; and (2) land in capability' classes V through VIII is best range, forestry' and wildlife.
into subclasses to indicate the dominating suited for
Land capability classes are sometimes divided limitation or hazard.
The subclasses are ?eT? for wind or water erosion,
TtW!!
flow, for wetness or frequent overp5" for soil limitations, and "c" for climatic limitations.
Soil in capability Class I has few limitations that restrict its use.
There are no soils in this class found in
Sherman County.
Soil in Class lIc have some limitations that reduce the choice of plants or require moderate conservation practice.
The soils in this unit that are found in the county are Condon silt loam, (1 to
7 percent slope) and Walla Walla silt loam, (3 to
7 percent slope).
These soils occur on extensive ridge tops in the central and northern parts of the county.
Water erosion is a slight hazard.
They' are well suited to wheat production and are moderately' well suited to barley' production.
Yields of alfalfa and perennial grasses for hay' or pasture are sufficient to make those crops suitable for inclusion in a long rotation.
- 10 -

The soil in Class ITIe have severe limitations that reduce the choice of plants or require special conservation programs or both
The soils in this unit are Ritzville silt loam, (7 to 20 percent north slope); Condon silt loam, (7 to 20 percent north slope); and Walla Walla silt loam,
35 percent north slope).
These soils are on moderately steep and steep north-facing slopes.
good to poor.
suited to barley crops.
The fertility is high and workability ranges from
They are well suited to wheat crops, and moderately well
Yields of alfalfa and perennial grasses for hay or pasture are sufficient to make these crops suitable for inclusion in a long rotation on these soils as well as Class lic soils.
The soils in Class Ills occur on ridgetops in the central and southern parts of the county.
The slopes are gentle and runoff is slow with a slight hazard of erosion.
The soils included in this unit areCondon silt loam,
(i to 7 percent slope).; Ritzville silt loam, (2 to
7 percent slop);and Walla
Walla silt loam, (3 to 7 percent slope).
All of these soils, with the exception of Ritzville soil are well suited to wheat and barley production.
The
Ritzville soil is well suited for wheat crops, but only fairly well suited to barley production.
All are moderately well suited to alfalfa and perennial grasses for pasture and hay.
Class Ilic soils are found mainly on ridgetops and in broad swales in the northern part of the county.
The hazard of water erosion is slight and the danger of wind erosion varies from slight to severe.
The soils found in this unit are Walla Walla silt loam, (3 to 7 percent slope); Walla Walla very fine sandy loam, cent slope).
(3 to
7 percent slope); and Walvan loam, (2 to 10 per-
These soils are well suited to wheat, but only poorly or fairly well suited to barley crops.
However, yields of alfalfa and perennial grasses for hay or pasture are good.
Class lye soils occur in nearly all parts of the county except between
Wasco and the Coluiiibia River.
These soils have very severe limitations that restrict the choice of plants and require very careful management.
The soils in this unit are Condon silt loam, (20 to 35 percent slope);
Ritzvjfle silt loam, (20 to 35 percent north slope); Walla Walla silt loam, (20 to 35 percent north slope), Walla Walla silt loam, (7 to 20 percent south slope),
Walla Walla silt loam, (coarse solum,
20 to 35 percent south slope); Walla
Walla very fine sandy loam, loam,
(7 to 35
(7 to 20 percent south slope).
percent south slope); and Ritzville silt
These soils are moderately' to poorly suited to dry'land wheat and barley and only' fairly well suited to perennial grasses and alfalfa for pasture and hay.
There is only one soil in the Class IVw soil occurs on nearly' level bottom lands unit, Pedigo silt loam.
This in Finnegan C'ny'on and in the vicinity' of Grass Valley.
This soil is well suited to native grasses for hay' and pasture.
Class VIe soils are not suited to cultivated crops, but they are fairly well suited to improved pasture.
silt loam,
The soils included iii this unit
(3 to 35 percent slope); Sagemoor silt loam, are Condon
percent slope); sandy alluvial land, and Starbuck stony silt loam, to 20 percent slope).
There is only one soil in Class Vile, Quincy loamy fine sand, (0 to
20 percent slope).
This sandy soil is not suited to cultivated cropè.
It can be used for native range.

Class Vhs soils are not suited to cultivated crops, hay or pasture.
They are best suited to native range.
The soils in thii unit are Bakeoven very stony loam, Condon-Bakeoven
, Kuhi stony' silt loam and very' stony, rocky fine sandy loam, Lickskillet very and extremely stony' loam,
Nansene rocky silt loam, Starbuck-Bakeoven complex, Starbuck very and extremely' stony silt loam and Wrentham rocky silt loam.
The land in Class Vihle and s is not suited for crops, pasture hay', or range.
The soils included in it and present in Sherman County are Dune lands, riverwash, rockland and rock outcrop, and rabble land.
The Oregon Conservation Needs Conunittee has conducted an inventory' of
28 percent of Oregon land area to determine the use of land by capability classes and to ascertain conservation needs in the various capability' classes.
The following tables give information on use of land in Sherman County' and the conservation treatment that is needed.
Table
6.
Land Area and Use of Inventory Acreage, Sherman County, 1967
Use Acres
Inventory Acreage
Cropland
Pasture........
Range....
Forest and woodland
Other land.....
300,870
0
169,981
0
3,620
37Ij.,t71
7 l
Total Inventory Acreage
Percent of total land area in inventory acreage
Non-inventory' Acreage
Federal land (non-cropland)
Urban and built up
Water areas..
149,033
5, 576
200
Total non-inventory' acreage
5L.,8O9
Total land area...
......
SOURCE:
29, 280
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Coriservation Needs Inventory', U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1971.
- 12 -

Table 7.
Use of Sherman County Inventory' Acreage by' Capability Class, 1967
Use
Capability' Class ] Cropland
Pasture-
Range Forest
Other
Land Total
V
I
II
III
IV
VI
VII.
VIII...
o
87,819
175,951
36,718
O
382
O
O 6)48
0
1,29)4
25,578
)4,208
0
60,222
78,031
0
0
0 o
0
0
0
0
0
)403
268
0
0
130
268
2,551
0
99,516
201,797
)4o,926
0
60,735
78,299
3,199
Total........
300,870 169,981
0
3,620
)47)4, )471
1/ See page nine for general description of classes.
SOURCE:
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water
tion Needs Inventory', U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1971.
Conserva-
Table
8.
Conservation Treatment Needs, Sherman County, 1967
Classification
Total
Acreage
Acreage Neading
Treatment
All Cropland
Type of treatment needed:
Residue cover..
Sod in rotation
Contouring only..
Strip cropping-terracing diversions
Permanent cover..........
Water management............
300,827 212, 206
123, 89)4
22, 21)4
835
63,572
1,
339
352
Range . ..............
Type of treatment needed:
Improvement of vegetation
Re-establishment of vegetation
169,981 115, 158
96, 380
18, 778
Other Land..................
SOURCE:
3,)49O 2. 0)45
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Conservation Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1971.
- 13 -

Land Ownership
Land is classified in this analysis as public, which includes land owned by federal, state, acres or or local governments, and private lands.
.7% of the land in Sherman County is state owned and
About
1,600 acres or
531,200
8.8% is federally owned.
Less than 1% is local government owned land.
The following tables give data on land ownership in the county.
Table 9.
Public Land Ownership, Sherman County
Land Ownership
Total land in acres..............
Acres
531,200
Public land ownership in acres
Total.........
Federal..........
State.........
Local
5)4,908
)47 ,O86
3,857
3,965
Public land ownership as percent of total land area
Total....
Federal
State.......
SOURCE:
Oregon Department of Planning & Development; ment, March 196L.
10.3
8.9
0.7
0.7
Resources for Develop-
Table 10.
State Land Ownership, Sherman Cointy
Agency
Acres
Land
Value
Improvement
Value
Total
Value
Oregon State University
Division of state lands
Highway Division
Parks....................
Office and Naintenance
Total
SOURCE:
233.25
$37,020
1,317.00
10,916
.21
8,0)45
1,701
$15)4,
909
20,027
2)4,757
$191, 929
10,916
28,072
26,)458
1,593.91
$57,682
$199,693 $257,375
Legislative Fiscal Committee, Inventory of State Owned Real Property
- Secti3n 7.
-
1)4-

Table 11.
Federal Land Ownership in Sherman County by Agency', l96L
Agency
Acres
Bureau of Land Management
Bureau of Reclamation.
Corps of Engineers
....
Bonneville Power Administration
)41,
303
), 1O
1,388
6
Total....
Percent Federal Ownership
SOURCE:
L7 ,086
8.8%
Carolan, W.D., Jr., Federal Land in Oregon, Oregon State University,
1963.
Table 12.
Land Area in Highways, Streets and Roads Sherman County
Ownership
Acres
State Highways
County Roads..
City Streets.
2,120
3,L80
90
Total...
, 690
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue and Oregon State Highway' Division, unpublished data.
Land Use
Most of the land in Sherman County is rural and is used for agriculture.
Less tharx,one percent. .is.,c1assified as urban. The other major use of land in the county' is for grazing of cattle.
Table 13.
Land Use in Sherman County, 196L
Land Use
Urban.........................
Drylandfarming.............
Grazing
Percent
.19
60.78
39.O
Total land area
SOURCE:
100.00
Oregon Department of Planning and Evelopment, Resources for Development, l96L.
- l
-

Table lL.
Item
Land Use Analysis, Sherman County.
1970
Acres
T.C.V. Per
Assessor Roll
$1,000 's
Average
Value Per
Acre
Urban
Business, etc.
Residential rents
Quasi-private, hospitals, rel. *...........
Public roads, etc.
Total....
100
350
L7
237
73)..
$
200
LO
70
355
1,065
$2,000
1,257
1,)489
1,L98
$i,L5i
Rurban
Business.............
Residential rents......
(Agriculture)..
Quasi-private*...
Public roads, etc.*
Total Less Miscellaneous
5
30
(-2,8I1)
Lo
350
L25
10
30
(-1,I7O)
8
105
1S3
2,000
1,000
(-Si?)
200
300
$ 360
Agriculture-Grazing
Private inventory
Urban...........
Outlying
Allocation
Residential rents
Best......
Average
Poor
Public inventoryi
Outlying
Roads.
. . . . .
Total...................
Water
L6o,78o
2,8Ll
L57,939
1,000
1,15
291,39
166,870
69,261
61,93S
7,326
53o,oLl
531,200
2, S6o
3l,L7o l,L7o
30,000
20
720
27,175
3,32S
1,370
930
)4)40
32,8O
3)4,058
6)4
Total..........
S33, 760 3)4,058 $
6)4
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, unpublished data compiled by'
Waldo Carison.
68
517
66
250
1475
93
20
20
15
60
62
16 -

Agricultural Land
The agricultural land in Sherman County' is made up of irrigated land, 1,010 acres of woodland, and l,)486 acres of
286,080 acres of cropland.
This represents 87.9% of the total county' area.
The land is used principally' for raising wheat, barley and chickens, and for grazing approcLmately cattle.
1)4,00 beef
Table 15.
Land in Farms, Sherman County', 196)4, 1969
Acres
Item 196)4 1969
I
Total land
SOURCE: area..........
Proportion in farms
Acres in farms..........
Cropland harvested
Cropland pasture........
Other cropland.....
Woodland including woodland pasture
Other land.....
Irrigated land....
531,205
97.8%
519,615
128,715
1)4,608
1)45,565
1,238
229,)498
1,395
531,072
87.9%
)466,658
128,723
9,2)42
1)48,115
1,010
179,568 l,)486
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1 Area
Reports, Part )47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
B.C., 1972.
Table
16.
Acres in ]Jryland Cereal Grains, Sherman County, 1959, 1966, 1969
Major Crop liJheat
Barley
Allhay'...............................
1959
9)4,500
)43,900
)4,95o
Acres
1966
I
91,000
35,000
9,100
1969
93,000
27,000
11,000
Total..
SOURCE:
1)43,350 135,100 131,000
Oregon State University Extension Service, Agriculture in Oregon
Counties - Farm Sales and General Characteristics, Special Report
330, Oregon State University, 1971.
- 17 -

Water
Sherman County' is bordered on three sides by' major rivers: the Columbia
River on the north, the Deschutes River on the west and the John Day' River the east.
on
Gordon Ridge, elevation 2,170 feet, is two miles north of Moro.
North of this ridge, drainage is to the Columbia River.
South of the ridge, Borrum and Grass Valley Canyons drain to the John Day' River.
The smallest watershed in the county is off the southwest of this ridge which drains to the Deschutes
River.
Nigger Ridge, elevation 2,t90 feet, is midway between Moro and Grass
Valley.
Part of this ridge, although only two miles from the Deschutes River, drains to the John Day River.
The Columbia River watershed in the county, excluding the John Day River, covers 66,000 acres.
Tributary streams, flowing directly' to the river, have rather steep gradients and flow through deep, V-shaped canyons.
The Fulton,
Spanish, Hollow, Scott, and Helms Canyons terminate at the Columbia River.
The 1schutes River, with its main stem and minor tributaries, has a watershed of 1)47,200 acres in Sherman County'.
Buck Hollow Creek, along the southwestern county line, is one of its main perennial tributaries.
Finnegan and Macker Canyons are the principal drainageway's to Buck Hollow Creek.
The
Jones, Elder Creek, Macks, Sixteen, Harris and Wingate Canyons terminate at the Deschutes River.
The John Day' River has the largest watershed in the county', 318,000 acres.
The Barrum, Rosebush, and Hay' Canyons are the principal drainageway's to Grass
Valley Canyon, which terminates at the John Day River.
These canyons drain the central part of the county'.
Other canyons that terminate at this river are the Pine, Jacknife, Ferry, Cottonwood, dgrant and Biglow Canyons.
Water for drinking and other household uses is obtained chiefly from wells.
On most ranches shallow wells predominate, but deep, drilled wells are becoming more common.
Springs and artesian wells furnish water for a few homes.
Perennial and intermittent streams are a major source of waters
Water is also supplied by' artificial ponds that collect runoff.
Some springs have been developed on canyon slopes, but many ranches must use water by track to dry areas.
Irrigation is not common in the county', primarily because of the limited supply' of water on the uplands.
Most irrigation is along the John Day' River and other major streams.
Areas along the Columbia River are irrigated with water from the river and springs.
- 18 -

Table 17.
Source of Water for Domestic Use, Sherman County
Source of Water
Number
All housing units, total
Public system or private company
Individual well........
Other
SOURCE:
870
523
252
95
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing
Characteristics, Final Report HC (1) - B39 Oregon, U S Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
There are numerous small dams and reservoirs in Sherman County of which most are used for multi-purpose, irrigation, drainage, stock water,' and some recreation.
Both the Deschutes and the John Day' Rivers are in compliance with all of the Department of Environmental Quality Standards for water quality and sewage treatment with the exception of temperature.
According to Water
Quality' Control in Oregon 1/, solar heat causes most waters in Oregon to warm above the temperature standardB adopted.
Table 18.
Ground-Water Sources at Selected Localities in Sherman County'
County
Locality'
Location of Well
Site
Probable
Yield
(gal, per mm.)
Probable Depth of Drilling necessary' (ft.)
Deschutes mouth..
(Columbia River basalt alluvium)
Biggs
(Columbia River basalt alluvium)
Rufus
(Afluvjum Columbia River basalt)
Entire lowland
Along River
Along river
Along river
Entire lowland
500 - 1,000
50 -
200
So-
200
100 500
200 - 1,000
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Interior, Geological Survey'.
300 - 1,000
So
So
ido
300 - 1,000
1/
Oregon State Department of Environmental Quality', Water Quality' Control
In Oregon, Oregon Sanitary Authority', 1970.
- 19 -

There were only 1,1486 acres of irrigated land in Sherman County in 1969.
Although further rrigation projects could be developed, there are none proposed at this time. This is partially due to the scarcity of water on the county uplands.
At present there is an irrigation project using water from wells west of Rufus.
There are approxLmately grown on the irrigated land.
lSO acres of tree fruits and forage
However, to make this feasible, the soil must be treated with f3rtilizers.
For further information on water, drainage basins, and water rights, see
State Water Resources Board, John Day and Deschutes River Basins, March, 1962.
Water-Based Recreation
Although there are three major rivers bordering the county and available for recreation, water-based recreation is not of economic importance to the county.
There are, however, recreation areas along the rivers.
The Deschutes
River State Recreation Area has )43.L15
acres of land along the Deschutes where it joins the Columbia River.
There are
314 campsites with fishing available.
This area also has
36.
acres in Wasco County.
Together, the parks had
72,1417 visitors in ors in 1970-71.
1971-72 which was a slight decrease from the 714,936 visit-
Minerals
The value of mineral production in Sherman County fell from in 1963 to
$2,O8,0OO
$612,000 in 1970 The minerals present are stone, sand, and gravel.
According to the U.S. Geological Survey's Report on mineral and water resources in Oregon (1969), the Deschutes-Umatilla Plateau in which Sherman County is located contains very few mineral resources.
It has large areas of loessial soil; great amounts of road metal and common rock; and very' minor amounts of other minerals.
The Columbia River basalt supplies a nearly' limitless source of riprap, rock fell and coiimon stone along the lower levels of the plateau.
Large block rock, of jetty stone diminsion is also available in the young lava deposits along the Deschutes River.
These minerals are all of little economic value to Sherman County' or the area in general at the present time.
-
20 -

Wildlife
Mule deer found the habitat suitable in the county when grain farms replaced livestock farms and have since become an important game animal.
A small population of plumed quail live in a few isolated canyons and probably are the only remaining native game bird on the uplands.
The
Chinese ring-necked pheasant, Mongolian pheasant, valley quail, Hungarian partridge and Chuker partridge have been introduced in the county and are providing good recreation for hunters.
The mourning dove also provides some hunting.
Some IO species of migratory waterfowl and shorebirds can be seen at some time during the year on the waters and in the fields surrounding and within the county'.
Of these, the Canadian goose, cackling goose, and mallard, baldpate, and pintail ducks are most important as game.
Some of the more common smaller mammals found in the county are the coy'ote, bobcat, jackrabbit, cottontail, porcupine, raccoon, skunk, badger, beaver, mink, weasel and muskrat.
However, in 1970-71 trapping season, there was only one trapper's report with two beavers as the only furbearer trapped.
The rivers and streams bordering the county provide good fishing for steelhead trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, chinook salmon, bullhead, channel catfish, sturgeon and a variety' of nongame fish.
Many' man-made farm ponds are highly productive fisheries.
Table 19.
Mule Deer Population Trends, Sherman County
Unit
Herd
Range
Miles
Traveled
Deer
Observed 1970 l97l1 er mile
5 Yr. Ave.*
Sherman....
Columbia 190 S.
2
3.8
6.3
* y'ear average, 1966 - 1970.
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission,
State Game Commission.
1968 & 1971
Annual Report, Oregon
- 21 -

Table 20.
Mule Deer Herd Composition, Sherman County, 1971
Unit Bucks
Deer Classified*
Does Fawns Total
J
Columbia
...........
135 77 216
SOURCE:
Oregon State Game Commission, 19.; and 1971 Annual Report, Oregon
State Game Commission.
1971 data gathered November to December 1970 and early January
1971.
Table 21.
Unit
Average Mule Deer per 100 Does, Sherman County,
1966-71
1970
Bucks Fawns
1971
Bucks
I
Fawns
1966-70 Average
Backs Fawns
Columbia......
SOURCE:
66
3
Oregon State Game Commission, 19 68
State Game Commission.
57
7 73 and 1971 Annual Report, Oregon
Table 22.
1970 Deer Season, Sherman County'
Item
Number
Number of hunters...................
Bucks 1-2 point....................
Bucks
3 point
Antlerless
2,370
9,090
620
370
210
General season total.
SOURCE:
1,200
Oregon State Game Commission, 1968 and
1971 Annual
State Game Commission.
Report, Oregon
Table 23.
Duck and Goose
Harvest, Sherman County', 1970
Item
Ducks Goose
Number of hunters.....
Hunter day's....................
Harl)-e st.
. ..
. .. . . ..
SOURCE:
370
1,820
1,510
950
L.,39O
2,L2O
Oregon State Game Commission, 1968 and 1971 Annual Report, Oregon
State
Game Commission.
- 22 -

F[U14AN RESOURCES
Population
The population of Sherman County' was 2,100 in 1972.
The four incorporated areas in the state, Grass Valley, Moro, Rufus, and Wasco had a total of 1,185 inhabitants leaving 915 residents of the unincorporated areas in the county.
There are 2.5 persons per square mile in the county' and it ranks 314th in population as the third least populated county' in the state,
The iollowing tables give data on population by racial groups, density', growth, age, sex and components of change.
As can be noted from the tables, the population of Sherman and surrounding counties is decreasing steadily.
Table 214.
Number of Persons by' Racial Group, Sherman County',
1970
Racial Group
Caucasian..........
.......
Spanish Language...................
B lack
-
American Indian
..........
Other............................
Number
2,080
31
Percent
97.2)4
1.145
23
S
1.08
.23
Total
SOURCE:
2,139 100.00
0.S.U. Extension Service, Income and 1overty' ]ta for Racial Groups:
A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions,
Special Report
367, Oregon State University', 1972.
Table 25.
Sherman and Bordering Counties, Populaticn and Rank
Order
In Oregon, 1960 and 1972
County
1960
Population Rank
1972
Population Rank
SHERMAN
Wasco
Gilliam
Wheeler..
SOURCE:
2,14)46
20,205
3,069
2,722
36
21
3)4
35
2,100
20,520
1,980
1,820
3)4
22
35
36
Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of
Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University', July' 1972.
- 23 -

Table 26.
Land Area and Population Density, 1950, 1960, 1970
County
SHERMAN
Was c 0..........
Gilliam
Wheeler.
. ..........
SOURCE:
Population Density
1960 1970 f square miles - persons per squaremi1e -
83b
2,392
1,218
1,707
2.7
6.5
2.3
1.9
2.9
8.L
2.5
1.6
2.6
8.L
1.9
1.1
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:
1970 General
Population Characteristics, Final Report PC (1) - B39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1971.
Population in Sherman County has been decreasing over the past several years and is now much less populated than it was at the beginning of the century.
Possibly the John Day' Dam will attract some industries to the county and thus, increase the population.
Table 27.
Population Growth, Sherman County
Year Population
H Percent Increase
Period Percent
1920
1930
19L0
1950
1960
1972.............
. .
SOURCE:
3,826
2,978
2,321
2,271
2, LL6
2,139
2,100
1920:1930 l930-l9LO l9LO-l95Q
1950-1960
1960-1970
1970-1972
(-22.1)
(- 2.2)
7.2
(-12.6)
(- 1.8)
Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimated of
Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregpn, Portland
State University,
July 1972.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:
1970 General
Population Characteristics, Final Report PC (i)
- B39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1972.
2L

Table
28.
Population of Incorporated Cities, Sherman County, 1970
City
Number
Grass Valley...
Moro
Rufus.......
Wasco.........
1)40
290
355
)400
Incorporated area total..
Unincorporated area total
1,185
915
Total Sherman County population
SOURCE:
2,100
Center for Population Research and Census,
Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, sity, July 1972.
Population Estimates of
Portland State Univer-
Table 29.
Population by Age and Sex, Sherman County, 1960 and 1970
Age Group
Male Female Total Percent l96Oj 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970 1960 1970
Under 5 years....
5-9 years
10-1)4 years
15-19 years
20-2)4 years
25-3)4 years
35-)4)4 years
)45-5)4 years
55-6)4 years
65 years and over
131
122
117
8)4
1j2
1)4)4
185
200
106
77
92
106
102
38
113
12)4
15)4
158
119
150
138
76
)48
136
180
1)42
102
77
86
118
99
51
113
133
138
1)41
250
272
255
160
90
280
365
3)42
208
15)4
178
22)4
201
10.2
7.2
11.2
lo.)4
8.3
10.5
6.5
9.)4
89
226
3.7
)4.2
11.5
10.6
257 1)4.9
12.0
292 1)4.0
299
13.7
8.5
1)4.0
119
1)47 105 151 22)4 298 9.2
13.9
Total population.
Median age.......
SOURCE:
1,250 1,066 1,196 1,073
2,)4)46 2,139 100.0
100.0
3)4.1
35.5
30.0
3)4.3
32.2
3)4.9
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General
Population Characteristics, Final Report PC (i)
-
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
B39 Oregon, U.S.

Table
30.
Components of Change in Population, Sherman and Bordering Counties
County
Population
L/7o
Change Net Migration
/6o Number Percent Births Deaths Number IPercent
SHERMAN....
Wasco......
Jheeler....
2,139 2,14.6
(-307)
20,133 20,20S
(-12.6)
)417 22L
(- 72) (- o.L) 3,60 1,913
1,8L9
Gilliam....
2,3L1.2
2,722 (-873)
3,069 (-727)
(-32.1)
(-23.7)
336
)479 iL1L
260
SOURCE:
(Soo) (-2o.L)
(-1,76t) (- 8.7)
(-1,o6S) (-39.1)
(9L6) (-30.8)
Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, Resources Development Internship Program, "An Oregonian Profi1e", 1972.
Employment
Table
31.
Employment Status, Sherman County, 1960 and 1970
Subject Male
1960
Female Male
1970
Female
Total,
16 years and over.....
Labor Force
Total
Armed Forces.
.......
Civilian Labor Force.......
-
Employed.........
Unemployed.
Not in Labor Force
Total
Inmate of institution
Enrolled in school...
Other
Under
Over
6 years of age..
6S years of age
. . . . -.
SOURCE:
876
689
689
662
27
187
77
28
82
836
201
201
189
12
63S
86
L138
111
73
617
617
6oL
13
136
36
21
79
773
2l)
2lL
203
11
38
1425
96
U.S. Thireau of the Census, Census of Populatin: and Economic Characteristcs, Final Report PC (1)
-
1970 General Social
C39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 26 -

Table 32.
Percent of Age Group in Labor Force,
Sherman County, 1970
Years
Male Female
114-15
16-17. .......................
18-19.
20-21....
19.6
143.5
61.5
21.6
142.9
22-214
25-314
35-Li.L.........................
145-614.....
65 and over
SOURCE:
100.0
97.3
100.0
939
18.6
31.0
25.2
37.1
25.1
20.7
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final
Report PC (1)
C39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1972.
Table 33.
Industry Group of Employed, Sherman
County, 1970
Industry
Nnmber
Employed
Total employed, 16 years and over.....................
807
Agriculture, forestry, fisheries
Construction.............
Manufacturing..
Food and kindred products
Printing, publishing and allied industries
Chemicals and allied products
Railroads and railway express service..
Tracking service and warehousing..
Utilities and sanitary services..........
Wholesale trade.........
.....................
Food, bakery, and dairy' stores...
Eating, and drinking places...
General merchandise retailing...
Motor vehicle retailing and service stations
Other retail trade
Banking and credit agencies....
Business and repair services
Private households. .........
Other personal services.
Entertainment and recreation services
Health services, except hospitals
Elementary, high school, colleges
Welfare, religious and non-profit
Public administration
- government organizations
SOURCE:
2314
110
27
14
6
17
16
S
14
28
6
S
1114
6
36
14
35
25
61
6
28
32
15
10
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
1970 General Social
C39 Oregon, US.
-
27 -

Table 3)4.
Major Occupational Group of Employed, Sherman County, 1970
Occupation Male
Number Employed
Female Total
Professional, technical and kindred workers.....
Engineers...
Physicians, dentists, related practitioners
Health workers, excluding practitioners
Teachers, elementary' and secondary schools
Technicians, excluding health
Other professional workers
Managers and Administrators, excluding farm
Sales workers..
.
Clerical and kindred workers
Craftsmen, foremen, kindred workers
Operatives, excluding transport
Transport equipment operatives
Laborers, excluding farm........
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and farm foremen
Service workers, excluding private household
Private household workers................
SOURCE:
51
S
6
32
141
1)48
81
27
8
5)4
5
5
95
147
50
37
---
31
6
25
11
51
---
14
- --
---
71
24
88
S
6
63
141
1)48
81
98
1)4
79
16
56
95
51
50
24
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)
C39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Table 35.
Number of Hired Seasonal Workers in Agriculture by Type
Mid-Columbia Area, by Month, 1970 and 1971 of Worker
Month 1970
Local
1971
Intrastate
Migratory
1970
I
1971
Interstate
Migratory'
1970 1971
May
June
July
. . ............
September
October..............
SOURCE:
505
550
835
1495
1455
265
5)40
530
810
500
330
1415
60
115
1470
3140
180
2)40
20
175
3140
225
195
1475
So
2,855
875
100
675
1430
15
90
825
255
505
1,270
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment
Division,
Annual Rural Manpower Report, 1972.
1971
- 28 -

Table 36
Median Earnings of Selected Occupation Groups. Sherman County, 1969
Occupation Group
Male, total with earnings
1/.............................
.
Professional, managerial, kindred workers........
Farmers and farm managers
Craftsmen, foremen, kindred workers
Operatives and kindred workers
F arm laborers
. . . . .
Laborers, excluding farm and mine...
. .
1969
$ 6,553
8,100
8,882
6,917
5,063
5,286
)4
L8 3
Female, total with earnings 1/
Clerical and kindred workers
Operatives and kindred workers
1,L30
1,675
17
Includes persons in other occupation groups, not shom
SOURCE: separately.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)
C39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Table 37.
Number and Percent of Persons Unemployed in Sherman County and
Bordering Counties, 1968 and 1971
County Number of
1968
Percent of
People Labor Force
Number of
19 71
Percent of
People Labor Force
SHERJ1AN.
Wasco...
Wheeler.
Gi 11 jam............
SOURCE:
)
690
5o
80
7.L
6.0
7.9
720
60
50
7.3
7.6
5.6
Oregon State Department of Human Resources Eknployment Division,
Labor Force and Employment by County',
Division, 1969,1972.
1968 and 1971, Research Statistics
- 29 -

Table
38.
Labor Force Wasco-Sherman 1/ Counties, 1968 - 1971
Percent of labor force
Employment.....
Agricultural.....
Non-agricultural...........
Self-employed, unpaid family'
Annual Average
Industry'
Civilian labor force.
1968 1969 1970 1971
I
(
..................
9,370 9,630 9,620 9,800
Workers in labor-management disputes..
- -10 0
Unemployment...
690
7.)4
750
8,680 8,950 8,860 9,080
1,370
7,310
680
7.1
1,5)40
7,)410
7.8
i,)450
7,)410
720
7.3
1,380
7,700 and domestic
Wage and salary' workers
Manufacturing.............
Food Products
Lumber and wood products
Other manufacturing
Non-manufacturing
Contract construction
1,010
6,300
1,0)40
180
990
6,)42o
1,110
210
990
6,)42o
1,0)40
6,660
1,200 1,300
250 310
330
3)40
530
330 380
530 560 620 610
5,260 5,310 5,220 5,360
610 380
Transportation, communication, and utilities
Tjholesale and retail trade
Finance...........
Service and miscellaneous
Government........
i,)45o
200
)42O
1,500
200
)42O l,)470
190
)4io
1,5)40
190
870 910 930 960
1,680 1,750 1,830 1,820
/ Statistics are not available for Sherman County' alone.
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Hnman Resources, Employment
Division,
Labor Force and Employment in Oregon by' County',
Statistics Division.
1968-1971, Research
-
30 -

Table 39.
Covered Payrolls and Employment by Industry',
Sherman County, 1970 - 1972
Industry
Average Employment
1970 1971
Annual
19722/
Payroll 1971
Agriculture, forestry fisheries
Mining
Contract construction
Lumber and wood products
Manuf a c turing
Food and kindred products
Other manufacturing
Transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services
Iholesa1e and retail trade
Finance, insurance, real estate
Services and miscellaneous...
Government.......
0
O
O
15
1)48
1/
27
1/
0
83
0
0
1)4
155
1/
1/
0
55
13
131
8
28
25
$ 0
0
1,059,7)4)4
0
1/
0
71,0)40
653,91)4
1/
1/
191, OO
1/
1/ Unpublished counties
2/
March 1972 data
SOURCE Oregon State Department of Human Resources Employment Division, Oregon
Covered Employment and Payrolls 1970 and 1971 (ear1y Summary Data and
1972 First Quarter Data, Research and Statistics section.
Table 140.
Major Occupation Group of Unemployed, Over
Sherman County
16
Years Old
Occupation Group Male Female
Professional, technical, managerial workers.
Sales workers.....
Clerical and kindred workers
Operatives, including transport
Other blue collar workers..
Laborers, excluding farm.....
Farm workers...,.
Service workers, including private household
Craftsmen, foremen, kindred workers
Total.............
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1) C39
Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
6
-
31 -

Table
141.
Local Government Employees and Payroll, Sherman County,
1967
Item
Employees and Earnings
Population, 1966..
Employees ........
Full-time only..
October payroll - ($l,000's)
Education - ($l,000's)
Teachers only - ($l,000's)..
Functions other than education
- ($l,000's)...
Average earnings - full-time employees
Teachers - dollars....
Others.......
Full-time equivilant employment
Education...
Teachers only...
Functions other than education...
Highways.........
Public welfare.....
Hospitals.....
Health
Police protection
Financial administration..
General control...
Local utilities......
Other and unallocable..
SOURCE:
2,800
15)4
10)4
$ 57
145
613
368
119
88
51
31
9
1
2
3
3
9
14
32
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments,
Compendium of Public Employment, U.S. Government
1967, Vol. 3,
No.
2,
Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
Income
Table
142.
Net Effective Buying Income Estimates, Sherman and Bordering Counties
Area
Oregon.........
SHERMAN COUNTY...
Wasco
County................
'Wheeler County'
Gilliam County
SOURCE:
Net Dollars (1,000's)
1967 1970
Per Household
1967 1970
$5, 22)4,888
10, 951
59,750
3,14514
8,9)4)4
$6,650,690 $8,113
7,682
59,1410
5, 1418
9,955
8,299
6,908
7,597 8,9)4)4
$ 9,14)40
10,97)4
9,002
7, 7140
9, 1496
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic
1969 arid
1972,
University of Oregon, 1972.
Statistics
-
32 -

Table L3.
Bank Debits 1/ and Deposits, Sherman County', l96 - 1971
Year
196S
1966
1967
1968..
1969
1970.............
1971
Debits .a'
thousands
$151, 096
171,886
17,92l
187,960
212, 970
191,227
2l3,i7L
Deposits of dollars -
$3,793
3,983
L,3LS
)4,229
3, 9S1
L,.,196
1/ BanJc debits represent the dollar value of checks dr&wn against deposit accounts of individuals and businesses; included are debits to demand deposit accounts of individuals, business firms, and state and other political subdivisions, and payments from escrow or trust accounts; excluded are debits to U.S. government, interbank, time and savings accounts, and several other categories of accounts.
2/
Figures reported in the debits column are the combined total of Sherman and Hood River Counties.
SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics
1969 and 1972, University' of Oregon, 1972.
- 33 -

Table
1414.
Income of Families and Unrelated Individuals, Sherman County
I tern Number
All families
Income Range
Less than $1,000
$
1,000 -
1,999
2,000 -
2,99Q
3,000 3,999....
14,000 14,999
5,000 5,999..
6,000 -
6,999
7,000 7,999
8,000 8,999
9,000 9,999
10,000 - 11,999
12,000 - 114,999
15,000 - 214,999
25,000 - 149,999
50,000 or more
Median income.....
Mean income
Families with female head.
. . . . . . . . .
Mean income..
All families and unrelated individuals.....
Median income......
Mean income
All unrelated individuals
Median income
Mean income. ...........
Female unrelated individuals
Mean income. ..........................
Per capita income of persons
SOURCE:
591
$8,526
8,728
19
765
$6, 9147
7,143)4
17)4
$1,932
3,0140
89
$2,)41L1
2,638
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:
1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)
-
Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
039
1972.
20
23
23
30
79
19
142
39
39
52
99
68
147
11
- 314 -

The following table gives the mean income and income distribution for racial groups in Sherman County
However, the only racial group reporting any income is Caucasian.
Table
145.
Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups, Sherman
County, 1970
Item
Number Percent
Nimiber of persons, total
Caucasian.
..................
.
Spanish
Language...........
Black...........
......
. .
Aiii erican Indian
Other
. .
. . . ..
.. . . . . . .
Mean income
Faxriilies,
Caucasian ll races......
Unrelated individuals..
Caucasian.....
Other
Families by family' income class
All races
Under
$3,999.........
$14,000 5,999.......
6,000 - 11,999
12,000 and over......
Total..
Income below poverty' level (bpl)
Allraces..............
Caucasian..................
Persons in families - bpl ..
.............
Unrelated individuals - bpl
Under 65 y'ears
65 years and over
Male family' head, employed.....
.......
Male family' head, not in labor force
Income sources of families and individuals, bpl
Earnings
Social Security' or railroad retirement
Public
Assistance or welfare..... .........
SOURCE:
2,139
2,080
31
23
5
$8,728
8,728
3,0)40
2, 988
14,125
65
65
2)40
86
8
78
141
18
96
98
271
126
591
51
85
12
100.00
97.2)4
1.145
1.08
.23
16.214
16.58
145.86
21.32
100.00
100.00
100.00
for Racial Groups:
A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions,
Special Report
Oregon State University', 1972.
367,
-
35 -

Education
The education facilities in Sherman County are listed in the following tables along with data on racial distribution, enrollment, and years of school completed by Sherman County residents.
In 1971, there were 39 graduates of
Sherman High School and 60 individuals enrolled in institutions of higher education.
Table )46.
Formal ducation Facilities, Sherman County'
School District and
Type of School
Grades
Included
En.rol]jnent 1/ Certified 2/ ADM3/
Sherman Intermediate
Education District
Grass Valley School
District #23 ...........
Grass Valley Elementary
School................
Kent School District #9J
Kent Elementary
Moro
School
School
District #17
Moro Elementary'
School
Rufus School District #3
Rufus Elementary School.
Sherman-Union High
District #1
Sherman High School
Wasco School District #7
Wasco Elementary School.
Kg- 8
1-8
Kg-8
1-8
9-12
60
L5
9)4
88
232
3
3
8
5
18
50.0
)4o.
2
75.)4
55.9
199.5
9 107.6
Kg-8
156
1/
2/
From Sunmary of Pupil Personnel for the Fiscal Year Ending
June 30, 1969.
Certificated personnel from Oregon School
- Community College Cirectory.
3/ Average Daily Membership from Oregon School Districts
SOURCES: Oregon State Board of Education, 1971-72 Oregon School
- Community
College Directory' and, State Department of Education
Business and
Auxiliary' Services Statistical Services/School Finance,
Oregon
School Districts, 1972, Types Location and Size, and Oregon Board of Education Management Services/Program Support School Finance and Statistical Services, Summary' of Pupil Personnel for the Fiscal
Year Ending June 30, 1969.
- 36 -

Table )47.
Racial and Ethnic Distribution of Public School Enrollment by School District, Sherman County, 1972
District White Black
American
Indian
Spanish
Surname Other Total
Grass Valley
Kent.
. . ......
Moro..
Rufus..
Sherman-Union
High District #1.
55
78
53
55
)47
78
5)4
196
112
197
112
Total.
. . .
51i1
5)43
SOURCE: Compiled from Oregon Board of Education Reports by' O.S.U. Extension
Service.
Table )48.
Years of School Completed by Population
Sherman County
25 Years and Over
Education
Number of -
Males
Number of
Females Total Percent
No school years completed.......
Elementary' years
5-7 years.....................
8 years
. ......
High School
1-3 years years
.
College
1-3 years...........
years or more. ............
Median school years completed...
SOURCE:
18
26
119
117
203
66
83
12.2
6
16
5
87
113
265
88
59
12.3
6
3)4
31
206
230
)468
15)4
1)42
. )47
2.68
2.)4)4
16.21
18.10
36.82
12 12
12.12
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)
C39
Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 37 -

Table )49.
School Enrollment by Type of Grade Level and Age
Sherman County', 1970
School and Grade Level
Nuiriber or Percent
Nursery School.
Kindergarten.............
Elementary
.............
(1-8 years)
High School (i-)4 years)
College
Percent enrolled oy age
3 and Ij.
years old
S and 6 years old
3-3)4
,
..........
years
. . . .. . . . . . . .
7 to 13 years old. . . ..
. . . . . . . . . . . ' ........ . . . .
1)4 and 15 years old
.'.....
16 and 17 years old........
18 and 19 years old...
20 and 21 years old.
.....
22 to 2)4 years old..
.....
... . .....
25 to 3)4 years old..
SOURCE:
11
2)47
185
7
16.7
80.7
96.3
99.9
32.)4
7.)4
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)
C39 Oregon, U S
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Table So.
Residents Enrolled in Institutions of Higher Education,
Sherman County, Fall 1971
Institution
Nunther
Eastern Oregon College..
Oregon College of Education...
Oregon State University.
. .. . . . . . . . . .. . .
...... . . . . . . . . .
Portland State University'.....
Southenn Oregon College..
University of Oregon...
University of Oregon Dental School.......
.........
University' ofOregon Medical School
Oregon Technical Institute....
Judson Baptist College.
.. . . . . . .....
Lewis and Clarke College
. . ............... .
University' of Portland.....
Blue Mountain Community'
College...........
Central Oregon Community
College.................
Lane Community College..
Mount Hood Community' College
Portland Community College
SOURCE:
. .
3
6
1
2
9
1
Oregon Educational Coordinating Council 'Post Secondary' Enrollment
Distribution in Oregon", 1972.
1
0
2
1
16
8
21
7
1
S
1
-
38 -

Table
51.
Youth Organizations, Sherman County
Organization Membership
24-H..................
Vocational-Agriculture.....
Future Farmers of America..
Extension
Programs............................
Tractor Safety Training
Community Pride...
Youth
Council............
201
240
37
71
15
241
15
SOURCE: Unpublished data from 24-H Extension Office, Oregon State University.
Table 52.
Juvenile Delinquency, Sherman County, 1968
Cases Number
Allcases........................
Delinquency.........
. .........
Traffic.........................
Other
Commitments, 1970
Hillcrest.....................
NacLaren
SOURCE:
224
22
2
0
2
Oregon State Executive Department, Program Planning Division,
District Facts, 1970.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources,
Childrents Services Division, "Adolescent Population and Commitment
Data by County by Calendar Year 1967 - 1970".
-
39 -

Health and Vital Statistics
There are no existing health diagnostic and treatment centers in
Sherman
County.
All of the health facilities that serve this area are located in
Wasco County at The Dalles.
The following table gives information on these facilities.
Table 53.
Existing Medical Facilities, Number of Existing Beds, and Number of Beds Needed, Wasco-Sherman Counties, 1971 1/
Category and Community
Number of Facilities
Existing Needed
Number of Beds
Existing Needed
General hospitals
The
Dalles.............
Long-term care facilities
The Dalles
Diagnostic treatment centers.
2
2
2
102
191 lLi2
198
1
The State mental health plan is incorporated herein by reference.
2/
This figure reflects the total beds needed in the area.
Besides new beds added to the figure in ?existing?T column, some of the beds already in existence need improvement in order to achieve this
SOURCE: total number of beds.
Oregon State Board of Health, Oregon Plan for Construction and Modernization of Hospitals, Public Health Centers and Medical Facilities,
1971 Annual Revision, Health Facility Planning and Construction
Section, 1971.
Table
5t.
Existing Medical Facilities and Percent Occupancy
Facility
Location
Total
Capacity
Patient
Days
Percent of
Occupancy
Hospitals
Mid-Columbia Hospital The Dalles
The Dalles General
Hospital................
The Dalles
Long-Term Care Facilities
Columbia Basin Nursing
Home................
Valle Vista Nursing Home
The Dalles
The Dalles
SOURCE:
22
8L
5,892 l8,981.
90
62
106
71
38,537
23,133
98
76
Oregon State Board of Health, Oregon Plan for Construction and
Modernization of Hospitals, Public Health
Centers and Medical Facilities, 1971 Annual Revision, Health Facility Planning and Construction
Section, 1971.

Table 55.
Number of Licensed Medical Personnel and Ratio of Population per Professional, Sherman and Wasco Counties, 1969
Personnel
Sherman
Number Ratio Number
Wasco
Ratio
Medical doctors and doctors of osteopathy'.
De ntis t S
SOURCE:
...................
RegisteredNurses..............
Licensed Practical Nurses
Pharmacists
1
1
1
Oregon State Executive Department,
District Facts, 1970.
2,370
2,370
2,370
21
10
78
15
21
Program Planning. Division,
1,027
2,157
277
1,1438
1,027
Table 56.
Number of Admissions to State Psychiatric Hospitals and Mental Health Clinics and Ratio per 100,000 Population,
Sherman County',
1968 - 1969
Facility' Number Ratio
Psychiatric Hospitals
Mental Health Clinics
SOURCE: Oregon State Executive Department, Program Planning Division,
District Facts, 1970.
142
-Table 57.
Births and Deaths by Major Category
Sherman County and Oregon, 1968 and 1971
Category'
Sherman County'
Number
1967 1971 1967
Rate
1
1971
Oregon
Rate
1971
All births
All deaths........
Illegitimate births
Premature births
Accidental deaths
Infant deaths
32
19
2
S
2)4
19
1
12.3
7.3
192.3
9.1
62.5
)4l. 7
15.6
9.14
78.1
57.14
61,3
18.14
141.7
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of }Iuman Sesources, Oregon State Health
Division, Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital Statistics Section, 1971.

Table
8.
Health Statistics, Sherman County, 1970
Item
Sherman County
Number Rate
Oregon
Rate
Morbidity
Tuberculosis
Syphillis..............
Gonorrhea....................
Influenza
L/......
Hepatitis
Measles
Deaths from all causes........
Malignant Neoplasms (cancer)
Diabetes Mellitus
Heart Diseases.
....................
Cerebrovascular Diseases..
Arteriosclerosis
Other Cardiovascular Diseases
Influenza and pneumonia..
Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma
Peptic ulcer
Cirrhosis of the liver
Congenital Anomalies
Certain infancy mortality cau8es
All other diseases
Accidents...
Homicides
Suicides
1
19
2
1
7
S
248.1
9.1
96.2
248.1
336.5
224O.)4
11.6
5.3
2422.0
1,171.7
8
1
1
3824.8
248.1
248.1
248.1
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of
Division,
1971.
1/ Wasco and Sherman Counties are
2/
Rate per 1,000 population.
3/
Human Resources, Oregon State Health reported together.
Rate per 100,000 population.
18.1
9.24
168.24
13.3
3249.6
110.9
21 2
17.3
26.24
26.9
24.3
15.8
8.2
124.7
76.9
61.3
3.8
124.9
-24

Public Welfare
Although there are no facilities to care for the handicapped located within Sherman County, the State of Oregon operates three facilities which are available for use by Sherman County residents.
The School for the Blind, located in Salem in Marion County, provides special education for approximately 100 children with severe vision problems.
The School for the Deaf, also located in Salem, provides similar training for those children with severe hearing loss, and is available for children from four years of age through high school Oregon's Fairview Home provides both in-patient and out-patient training for mentally deficient minors and adults.
Table 9.
Average Monthly Public Welfare Cost Per Case for the Fiscal Year
1968-1969, 1971-1972, Sherman, Wasco, and Hood River Counties
Case
Average Payment Per Case
1968-69
I
1971-72
Old Age
Assistance.........................
Aid to the
Blind...........................
Aid to the Disabled.
General
Assistance......................
$58.96
7.Ll
62.9)4
28.8
$53.S
99.99
80.91
)4l.lO
Aid to dependent children - UN
1/..........
Aid to dependent children - Basic.
.........
-
Average Payment Per Person -
$12.31
$37.10
1/ This figure represents payments to families where male parent is in the home but unemployed.
The Basic figure represents all others.
SOURCE: Unpublished data from Public Welfare Division Research and Statistics
Section, Sondra Lippman.

Table 60.
Public Welfare Payments, District
7 and Sherman County
Item
Dec.
1968 -
3/
Cases
Aug.
1972
Average Payment
1968 1972
Cases receiving non-medical payments
Old Age Assistance.......
Aid to the Blind
Aid to the Disabled
Aid to dependent children...
General Assistance...
Foster
Care...........
Physicians Services 1/
2
2
2
1
0
)462
)47
396
)4,l14)4
191 n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
$ 59.50
88.59
79.05
)42 .32
)46.o3
O.A.A..
AB.....
AD.............................
ADC
FC.....
Hospital Payments 1/
0
0
1
1
1
1
12)4
13
173
972
90
87
$ 1)4.25
17.75
6.00
15.75
-- -
16.78
16.58
2)4.00
35.10
15.72
OAA..
....
AB.........
AD.......................
ADC.........................
. ..
GA
0
0
26
3
118.35
229.21
0
)49O .6)4
1
1
89
20
386.55
260.00
3O7.)4)4
50)4.86
FC
Drug Payments
2/
0
7 )426.22
OAA..
AB
.
A_IJ
GA..............
...
FC
...
. . .. .
rl.a. - not available
. ... ..
.......... . ..
S
1/ Persons, not cases
0
1
0
1
0
0
30
270
596
73
)4.85
1.25
22.67
27.75
22.32
9.57
18.06
5.19
2/
3/
District seven includes Klamath Lake, Wasco,
Deschutes, Sherman,
Hood River, and Crook Counties; Sherman County is not reported
Sherman County only.
Jefferson, separately.
SOURCE:
Oregon State Department of Human Resources,
Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, October
1972 and August 1972 editions.
Oregon Public Welfare
1970 and December 1970,

Housing
Table 61.
Housing Occupancy and Facilities, Shermati County,
1970
Subj ect
Sherman County
Number of Units Percent
State
Percent
Occupancy
All housing units
Seasonal or migratory..
Owner occupied.f.
Renter occupied............
Vacant year round.....
Population in housing units per unit
Owner occupied...........
Renter occupied....
Persons per room, all occupied units.
1.00 persons or less
1.01 to 1.50 persons
1.51 persons or more
Facilities
Lacking some oi all plumbing facilities
Telephone available
Air conditioning.
........
Median number of rooms
Median value 1/
Median gross rent 2/
879
9
31)4
112
2.9
2.7
3.1
758
718
30
10
58
636
353
$9,000
100.0
1.0
50.5
35.7
12.7
100.0
9)4.7
3.9
1.3
6.6
72.
LL
)4O.
2
3.7
69.1
22.7
8.1
100 0
9)4.7
)4. 2
1.1
)4. 7
85.5
5.0
$11, 300
6)4 93
1/ Owner occupied units
2/ Specified renter occupied; excludes one-family homes on ten acres or more.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing:
1970 Detailed
Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC (1)
- B39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1972.

THE COUNTY'S ECONOMY
The economy of Sherman County is based almost totally' on agriculture and livestock raising Although the land is low in organic matter, it is productive and it is possible to irrigate because the county is bordered on three sides by rivers The county has one of the highest percentage of tillable acres in the state, 'and is one of the state's leading wheat producing counties
Business aside from agriculture-related businesses are small.
There were more business in the county in 1900 than there are now, and most of them were larger This is a natural result of the decrease in population which Sherman County has experienced for many years With the completion of the John ]y Dam, this situation may change and possibly the county will see an increase in both population and business ventures.
This section will deal mostly with agriculture since it is the basis for Sherman County' s ebonomy.
Agriculture
Table
62.
Farm Size and Value, Sherman County, 195)4 - 1969
Subject 195)4 1959 196)4 1969
Approximate acres of land area....
......
Total number of farms........
Acres in farms
Average size of farms
Value of land and buildings
Average per farm...
.. .. .. ...
Average per acre
SOURCE:
531,200 529,280 531,200 531,072
93.2
98.6
97.8
87.9
265
2)47
221 209 b95,225 521,700 519,619 )466, 658
1,898.8
2,112.1
2,351.2
2,232.8
$116,883 $156,590 $182,687 $217,)4o5
62,32 70.69
78.7)4 97.36
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969,
Area Reports, Part )47,Oregon, U.S. Government Printing
Washington, D C
,
1972.
Vol. 1
Office,

The following table gives information on farm size and number of farms in each size class
It can easily be seen that by far the majority of farms are very large farms.
These are usually' farms whose major crop is wheat.
Table 63.
Number and Percent of Farms by Size,
Sherman County', 196)4 and 1969
Size
Number
196)4
Percent Number
1969
Percent
Less than 10 acres
10
50
70
100
-
1140
180
220
260
500
-
149 acres......
-
69 acres
99 acres...
139 acres
-
179 acres
-
219 acres
-
259 acres.......
-
1499 acres
999 acres
1,000 - 1,999 acres
2,000 acres and over
Total
SOURCE:
1)4
35
67
98
1
1
1
1
0.145
0.145
0.145
0.145
0.145
6.33
15.8)4
30.32
14)4. 314
1
16
2
1
27
59
86
8
Li
3.83
1.91
0.96
0.96
0.148
0.148
7.66
12.92
28.23
141.15
221 100.00
209 100.00
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of
Area Reports, Part
147,
Agriculture,
1969, Vol. 1
Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
147
-

Table 6)4.
Types of Farms with Sales Over $2,0O, Sherman County
Product Farms
196)4
Acres Farms
1969
Acres
Alfalfa...
Clover, hay
Small grain hay
Other hay
Hay crops, cut green eat . . . .
.
. .........
Winter wheat
Oats for grain
Barley for grain...
Land in orchards
Forest products
21
1
81 n.a.* n.a.
210
210
9
187
3 n.a.
628
90
2,391
32 n.a.
90,788
90,026
167
3)4,50)4
)43 n.a.
1)4
3
107
7
14
179
179
14
1)49
14
1
7141
361
6,858
851
389
87,293
8)4,532
13)4
31,878
3)4
Livestock
Poultry
Chickens older)
(3 months or
Farms Number Farms Number
73 2,8)40
2)4
920
Broilers (less than
3 months)
Turkey's
Ducks, Geese
Cattle and calves
Hogs and pigs..-..
Sheep and lambs.
All other livestock..
n0a.
n.a.
169
28
15 n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
13,905
1,016
782 n.a.
1
2
5
125
19
13
79
100
17
101
9,398
1,202
196
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1
Area Reports, Part
147, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
*n.a. - not available
Farms classified by economic class, as in the table on the next page, are only-those classified by the 'U.S.D.A. as "Commercial Farms".
In order to be classified as a commercial farm, the total value of the products sold must exceed $2,500 per year, or the owner of the farm must be under 65 y'ears of age and must not work off the farm more than 100 days per year.
The income received from other sources by' the owner and his family than the value of the products sold.
must be less
The following table on the next page gives information on farms, both commercial and non-commercial, by economic class.
-
148 -

Table 65.
Farms by Economic Class, Sherman County, 1950, 1955, 19614, 1969
Economic Class 1950 1955
19614 1969
Commercial
Farms.............
Class I (sales of $140,00o or more)..
Class II (sales of
$39,999)
$20,000 to
Class III (sales of $10,000 to
$19,999)
Class IV (sales of $5,000 to
$9,999)..
Class V (sales of
$14,999)
Class VI (sales of
$2,500 to
$50 to
$2, 1499)
Other Farms
Part-time
Part-retirement..
Abnormal
SOURCE:
266
252
218
209
17
2
15
219
145
87
57
21
7
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agricu1ture,
1969,
Vol. 1
Area Reports, Part
147, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
199
25
78
52
27
12
5
Table
66.
Farm Operators by' Age and Years of School Completed,
Sherman County
Subject
1959
19614 1969
By Age
Average Age - years
65 years and over
By' Years of School Competed
Elementary'
0 to
14 years
5 to 7 years
8 years..
High School
148.6
29 n.a.
n.a.
148.8
214 n.a.
n.a.
8
50.2
19 n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
1 to
14
3 years years......
College
1 to 3 years.........
years or more
14
Farm Operators
Full owners
Part owners..
Managers
Tenants
S n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
53
106
3
85 n.a.
81 n.a.
39
148
99
2
72 n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
*n.a. - not available
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
1969, Vol. 1
Area Reports, Part
147, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, n.a.
58
96
55
- 149 -

Table 6T.
Value of Farm Products Sold 1/, Sherman County
Product
1966 1967 1968 1969r l97Op
All crops, livestock and livestock products
All crops
Grain, hay and seeds
Hay
Grain
'Wheat.............
Barley
Vegetables, fresh and for processing
All berries
All tree fruits and nuts
All livestock and livestock products
Dairy products
Poultry products..........
Cattle and calves..
......
Sheep and lambs.......
Hogs
. . . . .
$7, 1411
6,215
6,211
Lu4
6,167
14,615
1, 550
14
1,196
3
1
1,062
12
89 thousands of dollars -
$6,012
14,836
14,820
27
Li., 793
14,1493
296
16
1,176
3
1
1,053
9
79
$5,871
14, 529
14,515
23
14,1492
14,053
L.38
1)4
1,31j.2
3
1
1,207
8
90 r - revised p - preliminary
1/ Crop year includes quantities sold or held for sale.
SOURCE: U.S.D.A. and 0.S.TJ. Extension Service cooperating,
Data Sheets", Oregon State University, 1971-72.
$5,
1486 $7,590
14,223
L,201
29
14, 172
3,1466
702
22
1,263
3
1
1,12)4
10
93
5,727
5,703
100
5,603
)4,Lo8
1,193
2)4.
1,863
3
1
1,50)4
7
15)4
"Oregon Commodity
Table 68.
Acres of Crops 1-larvested, Sherman County, 1968, 1969, 1970
Crops Harvested
1968 l969r l97Op
Sweet dherries (tons)
Barley
Oats...
Wheat
Hay
20
16,000
250
1214,000
14,900
- acres
140
27,000
300
93,000
11,000
140
31,000
300
83,500
13,000 r - revised p - preliminary'
SOURCE: U.S.D.A. and O.S.U. Extension Service
Data Sheets", Oregon State University cooperating, "Oregon Commodity'
1971-72.

Table 69.
Livestock and Poultry Numbers, Sherman County
Category 1967 1968 f
1969r 1970r
5,000 5,000 5,000 Chickens and eggs
Turkeys..............................
Milk cows, heifers....
All cattle..
Hogs.........................
Sheep.........
5,000 n.a.* n.a.
1,200
100
1)4,000
1,200
800
100
1)4,000
1,300
500
100
15,000 n.a.
1100 n.a. - not available r - revised
SOURCE: U.S.D.A and 0.S.U. Extension Service cooperating, "Oregon Commodity
Data Sheets", Oregon State University', 1971-72.
Although the table above does not include the preliminary figures for
1971, it was estimated that the number of chickens and eggs would increase from 5,000 in 1970 to 121,000 in 1971.
There are no industries in Sherman County' related to the agricultural products produced in the county'.
There are no forest products harvested, nor are there any related manufacturing industries.
According to the 1970
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers, the only manufacturer located in the county' is the Sherman County Journal, which employ'es two people.
There are no actual mineral or mining industries in the county', but stone, sand, and gravel production was valued at $612,000 in 1970.
This was a decrease of $l,)4)4)4,000 from 1963, which indicates that this industry is decreasing in economic value to the county.
Outdoor Recreation
There are no national parks or recreation areas in Sherman County' at the present time.
The county' has made improvements on Biggs and DeMoss county parks and is continuing work on Biggs Park.
The following tables give data on the one state park in the county.
The Deschutes River State
Park, located at the mouth of the Deschutes River.

Table
70.
Origin of Cars to State Park, Sherman County, 1971 1972
Deschutes River State Park
Recreation Area (h3.L5
Acres) Number of Cars
Portland
Willamette Valley
....
Oregon Coast..
Sowthwest Oregon....
Central Oregon
Eastern Oregon..
Total Oregonian Capernights..
S..
S
13
7
1,686
California
Washington
Rocky Mountain States
Canada
. . . . . .
Central States
Eastern
States.......................
25
'Li
6
9
6
Total Oat-of-State Campernights 2,693
SOURCE: Oregon State Highway' Division, State Parks and Recreation Section,
"Camper Origin Report".
Table
71.
Day' Visitor Attendance, Deschutes River State Recreation Area
Sherman County'
Year Number of Visitors
1967-68
1968-69
1969-70
1970-71
1971-72
SOURCE:
)i5,5o8
57,2OLi
68,266
7L1,936
72, Li17
Oregon State Highway Division, State Parks and Recreation Section,
"Day Visitor Attendance".

Table 72.
Overnight Camping by the Public,
Deschutes River State Recreation Area, Sherman County'
Year Camper Nights
1967-68
1968-69...
1969-70
1970-71
1971-72
SOURCE:
6,723
10,192 l3,66L lti3O2 l3,03
Oregon State Highway Division, State Parks and Recreation Section,
"Overnight Camping by the Public".
Table 73.
Maintenance Expenditures Compared to Revenue,
Desehutes River State Recreation Area, Sherman County
Year and Item Dollars
1970-71
Expense
Revenue
Balance........................
$12,719.92
)4,197.O0
(-8,22.92)
1971-72
Expense
Revenue
9, 9La. 51
,6o9.oO
Balance...
SOURCE:
(-5,335.5')
Oregon State Highway Division, State Parks and Recreation Section,
"Maintenance Ecpenditures Compared to Revenue".
-
3 -

The following table gives the average expenditures of state park visitors in 19614. The figures are averages for 19 state parks surveyed throughout the state, not figures for Sherman County alone.
Table
714.
State Park Visitor Expenditures, Sherman County,
19614
Subject
Day Visitors Campers Totals
Average expenditures per party for total stay
Oregon
Oat-of-State
All
$10.72
18.26
13.12
$27.30
28.75
28.18
Total expenditures within miles of 19 parks surveyed
25
Lodging.
. . . . .
Food......
Automobile
Recreation
Other
.. .
.
$ 2,775,302.00
$ 263,14)48.00 $ 3,038,750
14,197,357.00
2,362,14)47.00
1,376,183.00
8)48,6)46.00
92)4,006.00
5o5,588.00
5,121,363
2,868,035
298,316.00
1,67)4,1499
191,775.00
1,0140,1421
Total........................
$11,559,935.00
$2,183,133.00 $13,7)43,O68
Average expenditures per car per day
Food and drink
Lodging......
Automobile
Re creation
Other expenses...
$ 3.66
2.142
2.06
1.20
.7)4
$ 14.77
1.36
2.61
1.5)4
.99
Total......................
SOURCE:
$10.08
$11.27
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State
The State Park Visitor in Oregon, State Parks
196)4.
Highway Division, and Recreation Section,
The Bureau of Land Management operates park, Beavertail-Nock Canyon, has one park within the county.
The
36 campsites and 14 picnic sites.
Recreation opportunities include, rockhounding, sightseeing, and fishing.
- 5)4 -

The following table gives information on both existing and proposed recreation areas in the county.
Site
Table 7. Recreation Sites, Sherman County'
Ownership /
Administration 1/
Day'
Use
Over-
Night Acres Activities 2/
John Day River Game
Management Area...
John Day River
Recreation Site...
F 880 H,F
F F
X C,P,B,WS,S,
HK, HS
Rufus Recreation
Site.............
Biggs Recreation
Site.............
Deschutes River
State Park........
C
X
X 2
B,F
B,WS,F,SS,HS
S S X X
3 C,P,B,F
1/ F - Federal; S - State; C - County
2/ C - Camping H - Hunting
P - Picnicking F - Fishing
B - Boating HK - Hiking
WS - Waterskiing SS - Sightseeing
S - Swimming HS - Historic
Note:
SOURCE:
Underlined sites and areas are proposed for future development.
Data compiled from information prepared b U.S. Bureau of Outdoor
Recreation for their report entitled, The Lewis and Clark Trail, A
Proposal for Development, September 30, l96.
Hunting is an important aspect of Sherman Countyts outdoor recreation.
The County is located in the Sherman Unit of the Oregon State Caine Management areas.
The table on the next page gives data on the 1971 deer season.
More information on the hunting season and herd composition is available in the wildlife section of this report.

Table 76.
Deer Season, Sherman Unit
Item
Number
Number of hunter days....
Bucks 1-2 point....
Bucks 3 point
+..........
Antlerless
General Season Total..
.. .
. . . . . .
............
Percent hunter success.
Percent 1-2 point bucks..
Additional harvest.......
Early seasons
Late Seasons.
Total
. . .
. . . . . . . . .
................
harvest.................................
Deer harvested per square mile
. . . . . . . . . .
.
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, "Oregon State
May'
1972.
1,760
360
220
0
580
33%
62%
0
0
0
580
0.29
Game Commission Bul1etiit
Business
Table 77.
Retail Trade, Sherman County, 1963, and 1967'
Business
Establishments - (number)
1963 1967
Sales - ($i,000)
1963
]
1967
Retail trade, total.......
Lumber, building materials, hardware, farm equipment dealers..
General merchandise
Group stores.........
Food stores.
.............
Automotive dealers
Gasoline service stations
39
6
0
39
0
6
0
$2,89L $2,)465
1,OL6
D*
368
0
897
0
L23
0
Apparel, accessory' stores..
Furniture, home furnishings, equipment stores
Eating, drinking places..
Other retail stores
Drug, proprietor stores
Non-store retailers
10
1
0
10
2
1
2
7
1
1
12
3
1
1
621
D
D
D
0
593
D
388
D
D
37)4
B
B
D
- withheld to avoid disclosure
SOURCE:
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business,
Trade: Oregon, BC
1968 and 1967 Retail
67 -
RA 39,
U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
- 56 -

Item
Table
78.
Wholesale Trade, Sherman County',1963 and 1967
Total
19631 1967
Merchant
Wholesalers
1963 1967
1
Other
Operating Types
1963 1967
Number of establishments00..
Sales ($1,000) ....... ......
lL 12
$8,198 $S,2)4
3
D3E
withheld to avoid disclosure
SOURCE U S Bureau of the Census, Census of Business,
Trade Oregon, BC
1963 and 1967 Wholesale
67 -
WA 39, U.S
Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
Table 79.
Selected Services, Sherman County, 1963 and 1967
Item 1963 1967
Establishments
Total number.
With payroll
Receipts
All extablishnients, total ($1,000)
Establishments with payroll ($1,000)
Payroll, entire year ($1,000)..
Payroll in dollars..................
Paid employees.
..........
Active proprietors of unincorporated business
2L
8
$21)4 l2L
30
6L9*
11*
25
19
6
$205
99
25 n.a.i/
21
Number of Establishments,
By Kind of Business Group
Hotels, motels, tourist courts, camps
Personal services..
Miscellaneous business services..
Auto repair, auto services, garages................
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures...........
Other amusement, recreation services lii.
2
1
1
6
9
1
1
3
* Workweek ended nearest November 15
*-* Workweek including March 12
1/ n.a. - not available for
SOURCE:
1967
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business,
Wholesale Trade: Oregon, BC
1963 and 1967
67 -
WA 39, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.

FUEL IC SERVICES
County government was started in 1889 when Sherman County was separated from Wasco County Except for state highways, the roads are constructed and maintained by the county government, which is also responsible for the general government, the collection of taxes, and the keeping of peace.
County officials consist of one county judge, two county commissioners, one sheriff, one county treasurer, one county assessor, one school superintendent, and one chairman of the County Planning Commission.
Others are one justice of the peace and the county district attorney.
Transportation
A branch of the Union Pacific Railroad extends from Biggs, on the main line along the Columbia River, to Kent, near the southern border.
The Oregon
Trunk Railroad also crosses the county, connecting with the Union Pacific at the Columbia River and extends the full length of the county along the western edge following the Deschutes River southward.
There are over 600 miles of county roads.
U.S. Highway #97 extends from north to south, Interstate 80N extends from east to west along the Columbia
River linking the county to Portland, the principal market.
Barge traffic on the Columbia is available.
However, there is no port in Sherman County.
Nearest ports are: Port of The Dalles at The Dalles;
Port of Arlingtor at Arlington, and Port of Morrow at Boardman.
There is on'y' a minor public airstrip at Wasco and some private airstrips.
The nearest commercial airline services are at The Dalles and
Pendleton.
Table
80.
Land Area in Highways, Streets, and Roads, Sherman County
Ownership
Acres
State highways.
. . . .
. .
County' roads
. . . . . . . .
.................... . .
City' streets. . .. ...................
. .
2,120
3,L8O
90
Total.............
5, 690
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue and Oregon State Highway' Division, unpublished data.
-
58 -

Table
81.
Motor Vehicle Registration, Sherman County, 1970
Vehicle Number
Passenger vehicles
Buses
Trucks
All trailers
Motorcycles..................
Recreational.........
1,592
6
Ll8
190
55
130
Total.........
SOURCE:
2,391
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics
1972, University of Oregon, 1972.
Table
82.
Number of Aircraft and Boats, Sherman County, 1968
Subject Number
Aircraft..
.......
Boa
..............
10
103
SOURCE: Oregon State Executive Department, Program Planning Division,,
District Facts, 1970.
Communication
The county' has no locally' operated television or radio stations, but is served by' those located outside the county.
The telephone service is made available by' the Pacific Northwest Bell and General Telephone and
Electronics Companies.
The only newspaper published in Sherman County is the Sherman County' Journal, which employs two people.
-
59 -

Table 83.
Communication Facilities Sherman County, 1970
Facilities Number of Housing Units
Battery' radio sets
Yes
No
Telephone Available
Yes
No
Television Sets
One
Two or more
None
IJEF Equipped
Yes..
No
SOURCE:
...
......
59)4
152
636
122
500
1)47
99
503
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing:
1970 Dejai1ed
Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC (1) - B39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Library' Facilities
Sherman County has one library in the county, located at Moro, the county seat The library receives its public support from city funds and had $906 in expenditures for the year ending June 30, 1970.
The library' spent $0.38 per capita and its circulation was only 0.8 per capita as compared to 6.3 per capita for the state.
The following table gives information on the county' library.
Table 8Li.
Sherman County Library Statistics, 1970
Item Number
Population of area served
Volumes
Circulation
Hours open per week
Receipts
City
Other funds
.
330
3,136
1,830
S
$200
S17
Total revenue including balance
Expenditures
Library materials
Salaries
Total operating expenses
Oregon- State Library, Director:v' of Oregon Libraries statistics for the year ending June 30, 1970.
$988
$860 annual
$906

Utilities
Table
85.
Housing Units by Water Supply and Sewage Disposal,
Sherman County, 1970
Item
County
Number
I
Percent
State
Percent
Water Source
Public system or private company
Individual well
Other or none.......
Sewage Disposal
Public sewer
Septic tank or cesspool
Other
SOURCE:
887
725
13)4
620
1,0)41
85
50.80
)4l.52
7.67
35.51
59.62
)4.87
80.00
16.95
3.20
61.03
37.51
i.)4)4
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed
Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC (1) B39 Oregon, U S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1972.
Table
86.
Types of Fuel Used for Heating, Cooking, Water Heating,
Number of Housing Units, Sherman County,
1970
Type of Fuel
Home
Heating
Water
Heating Cooking
Utility gas
Fuel oil, kerosene, etc....
Coal or coke...............
Wood
Electricity........
Bottled tank or LP gas
Otherfuel......
None.........................
SOURCE:
)461
21
20)4
60
21
659
66
63)4
86
26
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed
Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC (1) B39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
-
61 -

PUBLIC FINANCE
Table 87.
1970-71 and 1971-72
Property Tax Levies and Assessments
Sherman County'
Sherman Count
Item 1970-71
- - - -
1971-72 dollars - - -
Local government
County.................
$256,830 $ 3OL,21O
Cities........
37,2L18 38,329
1970-71
26.29
3.81
1971-72
- - - percent - - -
28.03
3.53
Total.............
$29t,o78 $ 3L2,569 30.10
31.56
School districts
I.E.D.
.
.............
$
---
$ 352,092
Joint.........
Eaementary and unified.
Union high......
County unit.....
285,9Th l77,3t8
218,981
23l,6t8
158,323
Community' college
29.27
18.15
22.tl
32J4
21.3L
Total..................
$682,303 $
Special districts
Cemetery. ........
Fire protection
Hospital..
Park and recreation
Port...
Road..........
Sanitary'
Water supply'...........
Other
685
Total.............
Total levies
$ 685
$977,066
7L1.2,o63
-
7Lj5
69.83
0.07
$
7Lj5 0.07
$1,085,377 100.00
68.37
0.07
0.07
100.00
Special assessment
Fire patrol
Forest fee..
Biking and drainage....
Irrigation
Lighting
Other
Total assessment
Total levies and assessments
SOURCE:
$977,066 $1,085,377 100.00
100.00
Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary' of
Assessment and Tax
Rolls for the 1971-72
Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property
Tax Collections, 1972.
- 62 -

Item
Table
88.
Selected Items of Local Government Finances,
Sherman County,
1966 - 1967
Sherman County.
Total Amount Per Capita
($1,000)
Amount
State
Per Capita
Amount
General revenue, excluding interlocal.....................
Intergovernmental revenue
From state government
From Local sources.....
Taxes
Property.
Other.......
Charges and miscellaneous
$1,201
Li63
Li35
737
610
602
8
127
$L128.86
165. Li9
155.L10
263.38
217.85
215.00
2.86
)45.52
$308
97
83
210
156
151
S
5)4
Direct general expenditure
Capital outlay
Other...
Education...................
Other than capital outlay'....
Highways
Other than capital outlay'....
Public welfare
Hospitals
Other than capital outlay'
Health............
Police protection..
Fire protection.............
Sewerage..
S.
Other than capital outlay....
Sanitation other than sewerage..
Parks and recreation
Natural resources...............
Housing and urban renewal......
Correction
Libraries
Financial administration......
General control......
General public buildings..
Interest on general debt..
Other and uriallocable
1,238
221
1,017
660
639
353
183
2
2L
7
S
5
S
)4i2. 30
78.98
363.32
235.66
228.27
125.99
65.27
0.06
2.68
8.5)4
1.79
1.79
1.79
0.61
316
62
25)4
180
152
30
20
2
6
12
9
8
3
17
25
15
13
112
6.1)4
8.88
5.53
Li. 66
39.98
Water supply' revenue....
Water supply expenditure...
12
13
General debt outstanding.........
Long-term
Local schools.................
Other
SOURCE:
362
362
362
129.32
129.32
129.32
21)4
203
101
101
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, ,l967, Vol. L, No.
Compendium of Government Finances, U.S. Governrrent Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
2
10
Li
3
6
21
3
S
8
Ii
2
-
63 -

Table
89.
Assessed Value of Taxable Property,
Sherman County, 1970-71 and 1971-72
Item
Amount
1970-71 f
1971-72
Percent
1970-71 1971-72
Utilities' property
Airline companies
Electric companies
Express companies
Gas companies............
Heating companies
Pipeline comapnies
Railroad companies
Tank and private car companies
Telegraph companies
Telephone companies
Water companies.
Water trans. companies
Total
$ --_ $
3,161,196 3,105,0145
3,517,739 14,800,5)49
2,117,7140 2,215,950
199,226
2,362
1,14148,9314
30,150
27,000
$10, 50)4,3)47
2)41,213
1,000
1,1456,335
30,150
75,800
$11, 926, 0L2
5.85
6.51
3.92
0.37
2.68
0.06
0.05
19.145
5.26
8.13
3.76
0.141
2.147
0.05
0.13
22.08
Other real property
Lands
Inside corporate limits..
Outside corpo2'ate limits.
Luprovements
Inside corporate limits..
Outside corporate limits.
Timber, excluding land.....
Less veterans' exemptions..
Less senior citizens' residence exemptions.
.....
Total taxable real property..
$ 652,565 $ 726,195
26,876,52)4 29,21.2,592
14,250,3)41
6,257,0)41
14,637,23)4
7,300,173
(-125,575) (-110,287
)
(- 148,752 (- 57,303)
$37, 877, 1432 $141,723,316
1.21
149.76
20.21
149.55
7.87
11,58
7.86
12.37
(-0.20) (-0.21
(-o.o9)
70.12
(-o.io
70.70
Personal property
Merchandise and stock in trade..................
Furniture, fixtures, and
6145,685 $ 1482,1)48
1.20
0.82
equipment.
Farm machinery and
365,7)4)4 327,706 0.68
0.56
equipment.
3,188,285 3,101,293 5.90
5.25
Other machinery and equipment
Livestock
Miscellaneous
Less veterans' exemptions
3148,652 125,369
1,072,711 1,305,812
22,617
(-6,815)
37,920
(-8,556)
0.65
1.99
o.o)4
0.21
2.21
0.06
(-o.oi) (-0.01)
Less senior citizens' exemptions
(-2,120) (-3,630)
Total taxable personal property.....................
$ 5,63)4,759 $ 5,368,062
10.143
Total taxable property.......
5)4,016,538 59,017,1420 100.00
(-0.01)
9.10
100.00
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax
Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property
Tax Collections, 1972.

Table
90.
City Valuation, Tax Rates and Taxes Extended, Sherman County
Population.......
Code Area 1/
Assessed Value
Assigned Ratio.,
14io
7-1
$1,860,016
100.00
285
17-1
$1,775,871
100.00
3145
3-1
$1,759, 537
100 00
150
23-1
$1, 1412, 2114
100.00
Rate/$l,000 by levying unit
County............
City'............
School.......
Other
Total..............
City'
Tax..............
Consolidated Tax
$
14.39
3.61
12.10
0.76
20.86
6,715
38,800
$
14.39
11.75
12.16
0.76
29.06
20,866
51,607
$
14.39
3.50
12.62
0.88
21.39
6,158
37,636
14.39
3.25
114.97
0.76
23.37
14,590
33,003
1/ Code areas are assessors' divisions which
SOURCE: cover all or part of a city.
Oregon State Department of Revenue, and
1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70
1970-71
Property Tax Collections, 1972.
Table 91.
Amount and Percent of Unpaid Property' Tax,
Sherman County, 1971
Item
Total
Amount
Amount
Unpaid
Percent
Of Unpaid
Property Taxable
Real . .........
Personal.....................
Public utilities..............
Western Oregon additional timber tax.
Yield tax
Total
SOURCE:
$657,338 $27,712
99,7314 5,313
170,507
11414
14.21
5.32
0.08
$927,579 $33,169 3.57
Oregon State Department of Revenue, iiiu
1971-72
Fiscal Year and 1969-70 rroperty'.uax UoLLections, .ti72.
- 65

Table 92.
Summary' of 1971-72 Property Tax Levies and Assessments
Item Amount in Dollars
County
Ci ties
Community Colleges
Elementary' and secondary school districts
Intermediate county'
Education joint
Elementary' and unified
Union high
County unit
Total school districts
Special Districts
Cemetery
Fire protection
Hospital
Park and recreation
Port
Road
Sanitary'......
Water supply
Other
Total special districts
Total Gross Ad Valorem Levies
Special Assessments
Fire Patrol
Forest fee
Diking and drainage irrigation
Lighting
Other
Total Special Assessments
Total Gross Levies and Assessments
Less Property Relief Money'
SeniorCitizens..
Game Commission.....
Total Net Ad Valorem Levies
Net Ad Valorem Taxes by Class
Real Property
Personal Property
Utility' Property'......
$
$
3OL,2tO
38,329
3S2,092
231, 6L8 l8,323
Th2,063
7)4
7L
$i, o8S, 377
$
$l,o8, 377
(-1, L56)
$1,083, 921
770,611
100,1486
2l2,82
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, and
1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70
1970-71 Property Tax Collections, 1972.
- 66 -

Table 93.
Per Capita City Taxes and Valuation Percentage Distribution of
Consolidated Rates and Dollars Per Thousand Rates on True Cash Value in Sherman County
Item
Was co Noro Rufus
Grass Valley
True Cash Value (T.C,V)
Per Capita True Cash
Value
Per Capita Tax
City
Consolidated
Percentage of Total Levy
County
City
School
Other
Average Rate/$TCV Basis
County
City
School
Other
Total
SOURCE:
$1,860,016
14,537
16
95
21.0
17.3
58.0
3.6
14.39
3.61
12.10
0.76
$1, 775,871
6,231
73
181
15.1
140.14
141.8
24.39
11.75
12.16
0.76
$1,759,537
5,100
109
20.5
16.14
59.0
14.1
14.39
3.50
12.62
0.88
$1, 1412 , 2114
9,1415
31
220
18.8
13.9
614.1
3.3
14.39
3.25
114.97
0.76
20.86
29.06
21.39
23.37
Oregon State Department of Revenue, 1971-72 Fiscal Year 1969-70 and
1970-71 Property Tax Collection, 1972.
- 67 -

Selected List of Agencies
The following list gives names and addresses of agencies that have served as data sources for this publication and may provide further or more current data on subjects of interest.
In addition, a number of local and county offices are available to offer local information and assistance, including:
Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation
Assessor
City Library
Corrections and Parole
County Engineer
County Extension
County' Surveyor
Employment Division
Game Commission
Health Department
Public Welfare
Soil Conservation Service
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, University of
Oregon 97)403
Oregon, Eugene,
Center for Population Research and Census, Portland
State University,
72)4 S.W. Harrison, Portland, Oregon
97201
Children Services Division, Oregon State Department
Public Services Building, Salem, Oregon
97310 of Human Resources,
)4.
Department of Environmental Quality', 123)4 S.W.
9720)4
Morrison, Portland, Oregon
S.
Economic Research Service, U.S.D.A. Extension sity', Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Hall, Oregon State Univer-
Extension Service, Oregon State University', Corvallis,
Oregon
97331
Fish Commission of Oregon, 1)400 S.W. 5th Street,
Portland, Oregon 97201
)4-H Youth Office, Extension Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
Oregon 97331
Forest Service, U.S.D.A., 319 S.W. Pine
Street, Portland, Oregon 9720)4
Governor's Office Economic Development Special Projects, State Capitol
Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Local Government Relations Division, Oregon
2)40 Cottage S.E., Salem, Oregon 97310
Executive Department
-
68 -

12.
Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Allen Hall, University of Oregon,
Eugene, Oregon 9Th03
13.
Oregon Board of Higher Education, School Finance and
9L2 Lancaster Drive N.E., Salem, Oregon
97310
Statistical Services, lL.
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries,
Portland, Oregon 97201
1LIOO S.W. 5th Street,
Oregon Educational Coordinating Coincil, L263 Commercial S.E., Salem,
Oregon
97310
Oregon State Department of Revenue, State Office Building, Salem, Oregon
97310
Oregon State Eiployment Division, Community Manpower, Research and
Statistics, or Rural Manpower sections, Lab, and md. Building, Salem,
Oregon 97310
19
Oregon State Game Commission, l631 Alder, Portland, Oregon
9721L1
Oregon State Health Division, Department of Hian Resources, lL0O S.W.
5th, Portland, Oregon
97201
20.
Oregon State Highway Division, State Parks and Recreation Section, 8009
E Burnside, Portland, Oregon 97215
21
22
Oregon State Lands Division, 502 Winter N.E
,
Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Library, State Library Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
23
27
28
Oregon State Public Welfare Division, Department of Human Resources, Public
Services Building, Salem, Oregon
97310
2L1..
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service
809 N.E. 6th Street, Portland, Oregon
97232
Secretary of States Office, State Capitol Building, Salem, Oregon
97310
Soil Conservation Service, U.S.D.A., 1218 S.W. Washington, Portland, Oregon
97205
State Water Resources Board, 1158 Chemeketa N.E
, Salem, Oregon 97310
U S Department of Commerce, 921 S.W Washington, Portland, Oregon 972OLL
(for copies of U.S. Census publications)
-69 -

Selected Bibliography
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics
University of Oregon, 1972.
1972,
Carolan, W.B. Jr., Federal Land Oregon, Oregon State University, 1963.
Center for Population Research and Censiis, Population Estimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Ore, Portland State University, July 1972.
L.
Office of the Governor, Planning Division) Health Facts, 1969.
Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Directory of Radio and Television
Stations for the State of Oregon, 1972.
Oregon Board of Higher Education, 1969 School Directory and 1971-72 Oregon
School-Community College Directory, School Finance and Statistical Services
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Conservation
Needs Inventory', U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1971.
Oregon Department of Planning and Development, Resources for Development, l96t.
Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, Past Secondary Enrollment in
Oregon, 1972.
Oregon State Board of Census, Components of Population Growth, Population
Bulletin P-3, 1961.
Oregon State Board of Health, Oregon Plan for Construction and Modernization of Hospitals, Public Health Centers and Medical Facilities, 1971
Annual
Revision, Health Facility' Planning and Construction Section, 1971.
Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers
-
1970.
Oregon State Department of Enployment, 1965 Oregon Farm Labor Report, 1966.
lL.
Oregon State Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality
In Oren, Oregon Sanitary Authority, 1970.
Control
Oregon State Department of Forestry' jointly with U.S. Forest Service,
Oregon Timber Industries, 1968,
Wood Consumption and Mill Characteristics,
1968.
Oregon Statc Department of Human Resources, Children Services
Division,
Adolescent Population and Commitment Data by County', by Calendar Year
1967-1970.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Ekuployment Division,
Farce and Employment in Oregon by County'
Labor
1968 through 1971 publications,
Research and Statistics Section.
- 70 -

Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division,
Annual Rural Manpower Report, 1972.
1971
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Oregon
Covered Employment and Payrolls, 1970 and and Statistics Section, 1971, 1972.
1971, Summary Data, Research
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon Public Welfare Division,
Public Welfare in Oregon, October 1970, December
1970, May 1972, and August
1972 editions.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division,
Implementation and Enforcement Plan for the Public Waters of the State of
Oregon, Oregon Sanitary Authority, 1967
22
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division,
Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital Statistics Section, 1971.
23.
Oregon State Department of Revenue, First Biennial Report 1968-70.
2t.
Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary' of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the
1972.
1971-72
Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property' Tax Collections,
2.
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division, "Day'
Visitor Attendance", State Parks and Recreation Section, 1972
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division,
"Overnight Camping by the Public", State Parks and Recreation Section, 72
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway' Division, "The
State Park Visitor in Oregon", State Parks and Recreation Division
Oregon State Executive Department, Clay' Meyers, Secretary' of State,
Oregon Blue Book, 1971-72, January 1971.
Oregon State Executive Department, Program Planning Division, District
Facts, 1970
Oregon State Fisheries Commission, 1968 and 1971 Annual Report.
Oregon State Game Commission,
Game Commission.
1968 and 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State
Oregon State Game Commission, "Oregon State Game Commission Bulletin",
May'
1972.
Oregon State Lands Division, Inventory of State-Owned Real Property', By
County',
1970.
3)4.
Oregon State Library', Directory' of Oregon Libraries, annual statistics for the year ending June 30, 1970.
-
71 -

Oregon State University Extension
Service, Agriculture in Oregon Counties
- Farm Sales and General Characteristics, Special Report
330, Oregon State
University, 1971.
O.S.U. Extension Service, Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups:
A
Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, Oregon
State University, 1972.
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range
Experiment Station, 1968.
State Water Resources Board, River
Basin Reports.
State Water Resources Board, U.S.D.A. River Basin Reports on Water and
Related Land Resources, 1962.
!O.
Ll.
142.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture,1969, Vol. 1 Area Reports,
Part L7, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1972.
U.S. Bureau of
BC 67 - RA 39, the Census, Census of Business,
1967 Retail Trade: Oregon,
US. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of
Oregon, BC 67
the Census, Census of Governments,
1967 Wholesale Trade:
WA 39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
1969.
143.
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. Lj,, No.
5:
Compendium of Government Finances, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
14)4.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census ton, D.C., 1969.
of Governments, 1967, Vol.
3, No. 2,
Compendium of Public Employment, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washing-
145.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing:
1970 Detailed Housing
Characteristics, Final Report HC (1) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C.,
1972.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census
Oregon, MC 67 (3) of Manufacturers, 1967, Area Services:
- 38, U.S. Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1970.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Census of Population, General
Trends for Metropolitan Areas, 1960
Demographic to 1970, Final Report PHC (2)
- 39,
U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1971.
U.s. Bureau of the Census,
Census of Population:
1970 General Population
Characteristics, Final Report PC (1) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C.,
1971.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:
1970 General Social and
Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (i) - C39 Oregon, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1972.
-72 -

50.
U.S.D.A. and O.S.U. Extension Service cooperating, "Oregon Commodity
Data Sheets", Oregon State University, 1971-72.
51 U S ]partment of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S
Climate, Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No.
86-31, 1965.
52 U.S
Forest Service, Forest statistics publications for various Oregon regions, Resource Bulletin PI'M-1O, Pacific Northwest Experiment Station.
53.
U.S. Forest Service, "1970 Timber Harvest", U.S.D.A. Forest Service
Resource Bulletin PNW-38, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment
Station, 1971.
5L1.
U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey Reports.
55 U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Environmental Data Service, Climatological Data Annual Summary 1971,
Vol.
77,
No.
13
- 73 -

I
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
Extension Service, Oregon State University Corvallis, Joseph S. Cox, director. This pubflcottan was produced and distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. Extension work Is a cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U. S. Departmintof AgriCidlure, and Oregon couidles.