Ote9on
-

Deschutes County, Oregon
RESOURCE
ATLAS
NATURAL
HUMAN
ECONOMIC
PUBLIC
May 1973
Oregon State University Extension Service
Prepared by Marilyn Ruttle, Research Assistant,
Under the supervision of Robert 0 Coppedge,
Extension Economist, and Russell C Youmans,
Extension Resource Economist,
Department of Agricultural Economics
For sale by the Extension Business Office, Extension Hall 118,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
$2 50 per copy

Sisters
Red ond 0 5
MIL ES
10 IS
20
Crane p,o,i
Reser,o,
STATE
Lopine ac Lake
Millican
Brothers
Hampton
PRIMARY HIGHWAYS 0
SECONDARY HIGHWAYS 0
COUNTY ROADS
INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS()

General Description
Physical Aspects.
Climate
Soils
............
Soil Charactristics and Land
Land Use......
Land Ownership.
Water
.
.
Minerals.
Forest Land
Wildlife.
Capability
Human Resources
Population.
Employment.
Income.
Education
..........
Health and Vital Statistics
Public Welfare.......
Housing
The County's Economy.
Agriculture
Logging and Wood Products
Mining - Mineral and Metal Industries
Manufacturing
Outdoor Business...................
Public Services
Transportation.
Communication .
Library Facilities.
Utilities
Public Finance.
Selected List of Agencies
Selected Bibliography
.
30
30
35
39
43
46
50
52
2
8
10
11
19
5
6
20
24

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Deschutes County now ranks 11th in size in the state with a total area of 1,939,200 acres It is in the heart of the state and is bordered on the south by Klamath and Lake Counties; on the east by Crook County, on the north by Jefferson County and on the west by Lane and Linn
Counties.
The county is in the southwestern part of the Walla Walla section of the Columbia Plateau physiographic province It consists, in the eastern part, principally, of a nearly level to rolling high plateau which slopes gently northward.
Bend and 3,000 feet near Redmond.
The altitude is about 3,700 feet near
The western part of the county consists of the Cascade Mountains and their foothills.
The highest of the mountains is the South Sister Mountain at 10,354 feet.
basin.
Almost all of the county lies within the Deschutes River drainage
The river enters the area from the south at an altitude of 3,700 feet.
As it flows northward through a shallow valley only 50 to 100 feet lower than the plateau to the east, it is joined by its main tributaries, the Crooked River, Mud Spring Creek and Willow Creek.
The valley deepens considerably as the river continues north of Big Falls.
The eastern part of the county has little or no dissection due to stream flow.
This is particularly noticeable in areas underlain by lava flow and in area west of the Deschutes River that are underlain by outwash sand and gravel.
The southeastern part of the area is covered by recent lava f low and is somewhat rolling.
Most of this land is either lava or shallow stony soil and has no surface drainage.
Because of its variety of physical characteristics Deschutes County attracts many tourists and one of its major industries is recreation.
Bachelor Butte is becoming an increasingly popular ski area, while the
Lava Caves and Three Sisters Primitive and Recreation areas remain a favorite spot for tourists.
Lumbering is a major industry in the western part of the county, while the major emphasis in the central and eastern part of the county is agriculture and livestock raising.
The first white man to come into the Deschutes County area was a trader for the Hudson Bay Company, by the name of Peter Skene Ogden, who was in the area during the spring of 1826.
In 1843, John C. Fremont, guided by Kit Carson, traversed the area from north to south on his way to Nevada.
In 1862, Felix Fox, Jr. began to build a road from the
1/ Oregon State Executive Department, Clay Meyers, Secretary of State,
Oregon Blue Book, 1971-72, January 1971, Oregon State University
Cooperative Extension Service, Agriculture in Oregon Counties - Farm
Sales apd General Characteristics, Special Report 330, Oregon State
University, 1971.

Willamette Valley up the McKenzie River into the
Deschutes County.
Fox had intended to ship supplies to the mines and miners in eastern Oregon where a mining boom was underway.
The same reason induced several ranchers to settle in the area and to start raising livestock.
In 1871, the first post office in the area was established at Prineville, a town named after
Barney Prine, its first merchant.
In the same year, the "Willamette
Valley and Cascade Mountain Wagon Road Company" was the Wiley Pass Road into a good wagon road.
organized and built
The population grew slowly but steadily, and in 1886 a post office, named
"Bend" was established on John Todd's "Farewell Bend" Ranch.
population of 21 persons.
By 1900, Bend had grown to a total
Nineteen hundred and 1901 saw the beginning of construction for irrigation canals, and also construction of the first sawmill in Bend.
In 1902, the "Oregon Trunkline" railroad and
"The Deschutes Line" began building their tracks on each side of the
Deschiites River from the Columbia to Madras.
On December 20, 1904, the city of Bend was incorporated with A.H. Goodwilly as the first mayor.
On October 5, 1911, the OregonTrunkline was completed to
Bend.
Deschutes
County was officially established on December 13,
1916, on an area which was carved .out of Crook County.
A brief summary of the major facts for the county are noted below.
Area: 3,060 square miles
1,939,200 acres
Elevation at Bend: 3,629 feet
Average Temperature:
Summer 61 2
Winter 34 3
County Seat: Bend
Population: 33,800 (July 1, 1972)
True Cash Value: $224,863,714 (1971)
Principle Industries: Lumbering
Agriculture, Livestock Raising,
Recreation
PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Climate
The climate of the Deschutes area is continental, but the moderating effects of the Pacific Ocean are not entirely shut off by the Cascade
Mountains
The prevailing weather is not so mild as that of western
Oregon nor as rigorous as that of the Rocky Mountain region or the Great
Plains Temperatures are generally comfortable, though there are occasional extremes, and cloudy or foggy weather is rare
Precipitation varies from an estimated 70 inches or more on the
Cascade Divide to as little as 5 or 6 inches on parts of the basin floor.
The heaviest precipitation occurs along the crest of the Cascades.
This rapidly fades out to some 10 or 15 inches near the foothills
On most of the plateau precipitation amounts to approximately 10 inches, but nowhere is precipitation sufficient for crop cultivation without reliance on dry-farming methods or on irrigation.
The annual rainfall varies greatly from year to year.
At Bend it has varied from 6.04 to 25.74 inches and at Redmond, from 4.39 to
14.19
inches.

The precipitation is distributed unevenly throughout the year, although it is distributed more evenly than that west of the Cascade
Mountains.
The precipitation is greatest in winter, when a large part falls as snow.
The average snowfall varies from 17.0 inches at Redmond to 35.9 inches at Bend.
Generally May and June are months of relatively high rainfall; July and August commonly are the driest months.
Most of the rains are light, but thunderstorms are somewhat frequent in the summer.
The extremes in temperature are wide. A temperature of 250 F. below zero has been recorded at Bend.
Although temperatures rise above
100 in summer, the humidity is low and nights are cool.
The coldest temperatures in winter and the warmest temperatures in summer occur when the ocean winds cease and the area is dominated by a mass of continental air.
The average growing season at Bend is 90 days, however, a large amount of variance is possible.
Frost has occurred at Bend as late as
July 29 'and as early as August 12.
The short growing season permits successful cultivation of only the more hardy types of crops, and occasionally even these are damaged by frost.
There is a relatively great diurnal range in temperature throughout the year, and early morning frosts have occurred in every month.
Hail and glaze-ice storms occasionally occur but seldom do material damage.
Tornadoes are very rare.
Other features of the climate, such as a high percentage of possible sunshine in summer, are favorable for specific crops, and invite tourists, vacationers, and sportsmen who enjoy the brisk dry air, clear skies, and cool nights.
For more information and maps see Climates of the States-
Oregon, number 60-35, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce,
Environmental Services Administration in 1960 and revised in 1967.

Table 1.
Average Temperature and Total Precipitation, By Month, Deschutes
County
Stat ion
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual
Average
Temp.
degrees Farenheit -
-
Bend
Brothers
Redmond 2W
Redmond
Airport
Sisters
Wickiup Dam
34.4
29.9
36.3
34.6
41.8
50.9
53.4
64.5
31.0
30.5
38.5
47.9
51.8
63.8
34.7
36.5
.37.2
43.3
52.4
55.9
67.6
66.8
51.5
65.7
49.1
68.9M 53.9
37.0
34.6
34.6
35.0
41.2
50.2
54.7
66.5
34.6M 34.5
41.8
51.1
54.0
68.2
52.4
64.7
66.2
51.6
27.9
30.4
29.0
38.6
47.8
51.9
63.6
64.5
49.4
42.3 38.6 30.0
41.1 34.6 24.0
44.5 39.1 32.5
43.9 38.4 30.7
44.0 38.0 30.6
40.5 36.1 26.9
45.4
42.3
47. 2M
46.1
45. SM
42.2
Total
Precip.
inches
Bend
Brothers
3.15
1.70
.26
1.12
.43
1.08
Redmond 2W 1.81
.16
.74
Redmond
Airport 1.82
.22
.87
Sisters
4.53
1.14
2.11
Wickiup Dam 6.03
2.00
3.04
.14
.58
.10
.14
.30
.43
.79
.67
.83
1.87
1.11
1.57
1.29
.88
.80
.21
.52
.94
.07
.69
.14
.61
.13
.13
.20
.09
.18
.03
.13
.22
.40
.49
.37
.39
.89
.96
.71 1.26 1.42
1.00 2.28 1.05
.30
.66
.96
10.81
10.94
7.05
.30
.99
.97
8.42
.58 1.70 1.98
15.12
1.05 2.70 3.56
22.63
M - one or more days mIssing.
If average value listed, less than 10 days record is missing.
SOURCE:
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Climatological Data, Annual Summary 1971, Vol 77 No 13
Table Freeze Temperature Data, Spring
Fall, 1971, Deschutes County
Station
Last date in. Spring - First date in Fall; Minimum of:
16° or below 20° 24° 28° .32°
Bend
Brothers
Redmond 2W
Redmond Airport
Si sters
Wickiup Dam
4/24-10/28
4/17-9/18
3/17-10/28
4/24-10/17
3/19-10/17
3/19-10/28
SOURCE:
5/17-10/14
5/20-9/7
4/19-10/17
4/24-10/14
4/19-10/14
4/3-10/17
5/17-9/18 6/28-9/14 6/29-7/11
6/29-7/3 6/29-7/3 6/29-7/3
5/17-10/14 5/17-9/17 6/29-9/7
5/17-10/14 6/28-9/17 6/29-7/6
4/28-9/18 6/29-9/7 6/29-7/3
4/19-9/18 5/17-9/15 6/14-7/11
U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Climatological Data, Annual Summary,
1971, Vol. 77,
No. 13.
-4-

Soils
1/
Most of Deschutes County is made up of pumice-mantled lava plains and buttes.
Eolian deposits of pumice from the eruption of Mt. Mazama
(Crater Lake) about 7,000 years ago form a nearly continuous mantle as far north as Redmond.
Further north and east, near the Jefferson-
Deschutes County line, the pumice sand becomes thin and discontinuous.
Most of this country is underlain by relatively young lava flows and flows near Lava Butte are even younger than the pumice fall.
The northern portion of the pumice zone is semi-arid with native vegetation composed mainly of big sagebrush, juniper and bunchgrasses
Soils of the Deschutes series predominate.
These are light-colored, moderately deep, sandy loam soils formed in sand-sized pumice.
Redmond soils are similar but they have loam to clay loam subsoils.
The Odin series consists of poorly drained, clay loam textured soils, found mainly in depressions.
The Deschutes series is quite variable in characteristics, depending on the terrain on which the pumice fell, distance from the source, and the amount of reworking since deposition.
Some areas are in large continuous bodies and may overlie gravelly sandy outwash, as near Cloverdale.
Other areas are in small depressions and swales on the surface of the lava flows with intervening low ridges of lava rockland known as scabland.
Some areas are mapped as stony phases and some are shallow to bedrock.
Loamy sand textures are common near Bend where the size of the pumice sand is more coarse.
Most of the larger areas and many smaller pockets of these soils are irrigated for crops and pastures.
The area along
Dry Creek near Brothers is at higher elevations and is used for range.
An area northwest of Sisters is formed in cindery materials derived from local volcanic sources.
This area has forest vegetation and higher precipitation than is typical for the Deschutes series.
The forested pumice zone extends from Bend and Sisters southward into Klamath Basin.
The vegetation is ponderosa and lodgepole pine with bitterbrush and manzanita shrub understory and a sparse grass.
and herb ground cover.
The area west of Bend and Sisters has Shanahan-like soils formed in moderately deep sandy loam pumice over buried loamy soils.
This area is comprised of a series of sloping bench levels ascending toward the high Cascades with steep-sided incised drainages at rather close intervals,
The lava plain south of Bend is relatively undissected with generally low relief and a deeper and coarser pumice mantle.
These coarse, gravelly textured, excessively drained pumice soils are in the Lapine series.
Young volcanic cones, called buttes, are common in the area.
Most of these cones as well as the high Cascade peaks are mapped as rockland.
1/ State Water Resources Board, Oregonvs Long Range Requirements for
Water, Appendix 1-5, General Soil Map with Irrigable Areas.
-5-

Low areas with a periodic high water table have a lodgepole pine forest cover.
These somewhat poorly drained areas are mostly coarsetextured Wickiup soils.
Poorly drained, dark, moderately fine-textured
Dilman soils are on bottomlands, primarily along the Little Deschutes
River.
The Paulina Mountain highlands of the collapsed Newberry Caldera are found southeast of Bend.
A mantle of coarse Newberry pumice, ejected only about 2,000 years ago, extends eastward to the south of
Brothers.
This area has been mapped as a coarse phase of the Lapine soils.
Shanahan soils occur in Mazama age pumice on the southern periphery of coarse Lapine soils. These pumice soils extend into semiarid, juniper-sagebrush country, not typical for these generally forested series.
Unit 52, 53 and 55 soils occur in sloping pediments and fans within the high lava plains near Hampton.
Unit 52 soils are sandy and moderately deep to a hardpan.
Unit 53 and 55 are shallow to a hardpan.
Unit 53 soils are formedin sandy loath materials.
Unit 55 soils are loam-to-clay loam and have a concentration of lag gravel at the surface.
Soil Characteristics and Land Capability
Deschutes County is located in central Oregon.
Its land areas are extensively varied, including parts of the Cascades, grazing and forest lands of the central pla.teau and arable valleys.
Over 90 percent of the total land area is made up of either grazing land or forests and 82.7 percent of the land is publically owned.
Because of the wide variation of land forms and soils the Soil
Conservation Service has developed a land classification system based on the suitability of the land for most kinds of farming.
Soil characteristics such as depth, texture, wetness, slope, erosion hazard, overflow hazard, permeability, structure, reaction, waterholding capacity, inherent fertility and climatic conditions as they influence the use and management of land are considered in grouping soils into eight land capability classes.
The classification does not apply to soils used for most horticultural crops, or for other crops that have special requirements The hazards and limitations of use increase as the class number increases The classification can be broken into two divisions: (1) land in capability classes I through IV is generally suited for cultivation and other uses; and (2) land in capability classes
V through VIII is best suited for range, forestry and wildlife.
Land capability classes are also broken down intosubclasses to indicate the dominating limitation or hazard The subclasses are tet for wind and water erosion, "w" for wetness or frequent inundation from overflow, for soil shallowness) stoniness or drought, and "c" for climate that is too cold or too dry.
The following tables give information on land ownership, use, and capability.
For more information on forest land use and ownership see
Timber Resource Statistics for Central Oregon, U.S. Forest Service
Resource Bulletin PNW-24, 1968.
For information on land conservation

needs see Oregon Soil and Water Conservation Needs
Inventory Committee
January 1971 bulletin, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
For additional information on land use and soil types see Resources for Development,
Oregon Department of Planning and Development,
March 1964 or Oregon's
Long Range Requirements for Water, General Soil
Map Report, Appendix
1-5, State Water Resources Board, 1969.
Table 3
Land Use and Area of Inventory Acreage, Deschutes
County
I tern 1958 1967
Inventory Acreage
Cropland
Irrigated
Non-irrigated
Pasture
Range
Forest
Other land
Total inventory acres
52,685
48,200
4,500
0
181,238
258,131
21,946
514,000
59,103
54,667
4,436
5,114
265,528
137,000
24,500
491,245
22.9%
Percent of total land area in inventory
Non- Inventory Acreage
26.0%
Federal Land
Urban Buildings
Small Water Areas
1,398,183
21,977
3,120
1,417,728
25,000
3,307
Total non-inventory acres
1,423,280 1,446,035
Total land area
SOURCE:
1,973,596 2,146,182
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon
Soil and Water
Conservation Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil Conservation
Service,
1971.

Land Use
Table 4.
Use of Deschutes County Inventory Acreage by Capability Class, 1967
Class
Cropland Pasture-Range
Use of Acreage
Forest Other Land Total o
27,084
22,989
2,703
4,500
1,827
0
0
0
7,921
755
1,132
3,394
214,818
42,622
0
0
0
2,016
16,125
403
110,456
0
8,000
0
600
300
300
0
300
300
22,700
0
35,605
26,060
20,260
8,297
327,401
42,922
30,700
Total..
59,103 270,642 137,000 24,500 491,245
SOURCE:
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Conservation Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, 1971.

Item
Table 5.
Deschutes County Land Use Analysis 1970.
Acres
True Cash Value!
Assessors Roll
Average Value
Per Acre
(1,000 dollars) (dollars)
Urban:
Business
Residential-Rents
QuasiPrivate, Hosp*.
Public Roads, etc.*
Total
1,500
4,384
35
1,621
7,540
15,000
20,000
210
7,780
42,990
10,000
4,562
6,000
4,800
5,702
Rurban:
Business
Residential-Rents
Agricultural
Quasi Private*
Public Roads, etc.*.
Total Less Msc.
Agricultural-Grazing:
Private Inventory
Out lying
Urban
Allocations
Residents-Rents
Best Land
Average Land
Poor Land
Public Inventory
Allocation
Agr. -Grazing
Roads
Total Agric
45
390
(10,425)
100
1,500
2,035
70, 677
60, 252
10,425
3,500
15,000
20,000
32,177
657,850
360
1,755
(10,885)
500
1,800
4,415
41,685
30,800
10,885
8,000
15,000
17,385
1,300
19,635
644,850-.--19,245
13,000 390
728,527 61,320
8,000
4,500
(1,044)
5,000
1,200
2,170
590
511
1,044
2,286
1,000
869
40
30
30
30
84
Forest:
Private Inventory
Al location
Residents-Rents
Outlying Forest
Public Inventory
Al location
Forest
Roads
, etc
Total Forest
114,582
750
113,832
1,084,596
1,065,852
18,744
1,199,178
2,000
500
1,500
18,440
18,120
320
20,440
17
667
13
17
17
17
17
Land
Water
Total Area
1,937,280
21,120
1,958,400
129,165
*
- tax exempt
SOURCE: Oregon Department of Revenue, unpublished data, compiled by Waldo
Carison.

Land Ownership
Table 6.
Value and Income of State Owned Land in Deschutes County, 1970.
Agency Acres Land Value
Improvement
Value
Total
Value
Annual
Rental Incom
State Engineer
Dept. of Forestry
Game Commission
University of Oregon.
State Lands Division.
Military Dept
Aeronautics Div
Highway Division
Parks
Office
Total
930.00
20.00
45.13
3.00
23,996.34
2.40
75.70
33,000
1,010
48,130
150
786,504
150,000
16,525
3,311.75
57.57
309,212
14,852
28,441.89 $1,341,383
60,920
312,280
49,419
323,670
$
33,000
61,930
360,410
49,569
766,504
473,670
16,525
1,212,327
274,764
1,521 ,539
289,616
$2,233,380 $3,574,763
$
330
480
565
576
1,200
$3,151
SOURCE: Legislative Fiscal Committee, Inventory of State-Owned Real Property,
Section VII, January, 1970.
Table 7.
Agency
Federally Owned Land i Deschutes County. 1962
Acres
Forest Service
Federal Aviation Agency
General Services
Bonneville Power Administration
Bureau of Land Management
Bureau of Reclamation
Post Office Department
Total Federal Land
Percent of Land Federally
Owned............
966,846
120
1/
40
430,645
38,083
1
1,435,735
74.1%
1/ Less than half an acre.
SOURCE: Carolan, W.B., Jr., Federal Land in Oregon, Oregon State
University, 1963

Table 8.
Land Area in Highways, Streets and Roads,
Deschutes C
Ownership
Acres
State Highways
County Roads
City Streets
Total
3,070
7,070
540
10,680
SOURCE:
Oregon State Department of Revenue and Oregon State
Highway
Division, unpublished data.
Water
Of the 3,060 square miles area of Deschutes County, 2,738 square miles or
1,752,320 acres are within the Deschutes Drainage
Basin This amounts to 90 percent of the county's land area.
The remainder, situated in the southeastern part of the county, is in the Goose and Summer Lakes Basin.
The Deschutes
Basin is divided into 5 sub-basins; three of these (Upper Deschutes,
Middle Deschutes, and Lower Crooked) are largely contained within the
Deschutes County.
The eastern tip of the county is contained in the
Upper Crooked Sub-Basin.
The Upper Deschutes sub-basin includes all of the Deschutes watershed above Benham Falls at river mile 18L
It contains 1,710 square miles, fifty-two percent of which are in Deschutes County.
The sub-basin is bounded on the west by the Cascade Range, on the south by the divide between the Deschutes and Kiamath
Basins, on the east by the Walker Rim, Crater Buttes, and Paulina
Mountains, and on the north by the arbitrary divide which extends from the Paulina Mountains through
Benham Falls to the Three Sisters in the Cascades.
All major streams in this sub-basin, with the exception of Paulina
Creek, originate in the Cascade Mountains.
There are more than 750 miles of streams of which only 310 miles are perennial in nature.
Included in these figures are 71 miles of the Deschutes main stem, 97 miles of the Little Deschutes River, and 30 miles of
Crescent Creek.
The Deschutes River travels on an average gradient of only 8.5 feet of drop per mile in the 71 mile course from Lava Lake to Benham Falls.
The Little Deschutes drops 350 feet in its upper 3 miles but averages only 9 feet per mile in its lower 95 miles to the confluence with the
Deschutes main stem.
Crescent Creek has an average gradient of about
15 feet per mile between Crescent Lake and its confluence with the Little
Deschutes River.
The average annual yield of the Upper Deschutes sub-basin, determined at the gauging station on the Deschutes River at Benham Falls, is
863,500 acre-feet and much of this water is in the form of releases for irrgation diversion at downstream locutions.
This is further illustrated

by the yield of the Deschutes River below Bend, discussed in the next section, which averages 149,200 acre-feet annually. Average monthly discharges of the Deschutes River below Wickiup Reservoir reflect storage regulation as indicated by low flows during winter and spring runoff, the reservoir filling period, and high summer flows as a result of irrigation releases.
Discharges of the Little Deschutes River more closely approximate natural flows for that drainage area and illustrate the peak that occurs during spring snowmlt and the relatively low late summerand early fall flows.
A few farms and resorts have rights for domestic water totaling two cfs for surface water from streams, but most households use only small quantities of water.
The town of Gilchrist has rights for two cfs of surface water and one cfs of ground water.
The maximum capacity of the water system of
Gilchrist is 900,000 gallons per day (1.4 cfs) and the average output
50,000 gallons per day.
A population of 500 is served by the system, which at the present uses only water from wells.
Irrigation rights form the largest group in the sub-basin totaling
317 cfs for the irrigation of 13,835 acres from surface waters of the streams.
Three large rights for storage of irrigation water exist in this area: 50,000 acre-feet in Crane Prairie Reservoir; 200,000 acrefeet in Wickiup Reservoir; and 86,050 acre-feet in Crescent Lake
Reservoir.
All of these reservoirs store water for irrigation use outside the Upper
Deschutes sub-basin, but still mainly within Deschutes County.
The only storage right for lands within this sub-basin is on Paulina
Lake for
3,780 acre-feet supplying supplemental irrigation water to ranches along
Paulina Creek.
The Middle Deschutes sub-basin includes the Deschutes drainage between
Mecca, mile 96, and Benham Falls, mile 181, with the exception of the
Crooked
River drainage which is treated separately.
Thesub-basin has an area of
1,850 miles, of which 48 percent are in Deschutes County.
The western boundary of the sub-basin is formed by the Cascade Range, the southern boundary runs from the Three Sisters east, crosses the Desehutes
River at Benham Falls, and continues towards the Paulina Mountains.
The eastern boundary, which is not well defined topographically, runs north on the lava plateau between the Crooked River and Deschutes watersheds.
The northern boundary runs west in the Mud Springs area, crosses the Deschutes
River near Mecca, and continues on the divide between Shitike Creek and the
Warm Springs River.
All major streams with the exception of Willow Creek, originate in the
Cascade Mountains.
There are 910 miles of streams in this sub-basin, of which only 330 miles are perennial in nature.
These figures include 85 miles of the Deschutes main stem, 41 miles of the Metolius River, 41 miles of
Squaw Creek, and 33 miles of Shitike Creek.
The gradient of the Upper
Deschutes River is only 8.5 feet of drop, per mile but it increases below
Benham Falls to an average of 38 feet per mile to the confluence of the
Metolius River and 13 feet per mile below that point to the northern boundary of the sub-basin.
- 12 -

The annual yield of the Upper Deschutes sub-basin at Benham Falls would also be the inflow to the Middle Deschutes sub-basin
Progressing downstream, however, the effect of irrigation diversions is apparent in the much lower yield of the Deschutes River near Bend which averages 430,500 acre-feet annually as compared to the inf low of 863,500 acre-feet at Benham
Falls.
Further downstream, near Culver in Jefferson County, the yield has increased again to an annual average of 800,200 acre-feet.
The highest monthly flows at Bend and Culver are in the winter months,
December through March, and the lowest flows in the summer, July and August, which again is a reflection of stream regulation.
Further downstream, at
Madras, the pattern of discharge more closely represents natural conditions with peak runoff occurring during the snowmelt period and low flows in the late summer.
Concentrations of water rights in the Middle Deschutes sub-basin are found along the Deschutes in the vicinity of Bend, on the middle portion of
Tumalo Creek, along Squaw Creek near Sister, and on the Metolius River in the Camp Sherman area.
The largest group of water rights totals 3,505 cfs for the irrigation of 135,636 acres.
Irrigation diversions near Bend represent nearly 85 percent of all consumptive diversions in the Middle Deschutes sub-basin and over 56 percent of all water use in that area.
The upper and lower Crooked River sub-basins do not contain any perennial streams within the county that drain into the Crooked River, although their land area includes 735 square miles within Deschutes County.
- 13 -

Table 9.
Location
Water Flow and Yield Summary, Deschutes County,
1968
Minimum c fs
Maximum c fs
Mean c fs
Yield/Year
Ac/Ft
Deschutes River at Benham Falls
Deschutes River
Below Bend
Deschutes River
Below Snow Cr
Deschutes River
Below Crane Prairie Res.
Deschutes River
Below Wickiup Res
Fall River
Near Lapine .............
Lake Creek
Near Sisters
Little Deschutes Riv.
Near Lapine
Squaw Creek
Near Sisters
Tumalo Creek
Near Bend
Crooked River
Near Terrebonne
SOURCE:
480
13
82
47
20
111
24
39
45
37
45
2,310
854
157
282
1,710
130
211
504
420
284
349
1,189
205
93.9
151
608
121
44.1
139
88.6
79.5
127
863,500
149,200
68,140
109,800
441,400
88,190
32,040
100,800
64,330
57,730
91,930
U.S. Geological Survey, State Engineer, 1968 Water Resources
Data for
Oregon, Part 1.
- 14 -

Water quality in the Deschutes Basin is affected primarily by impoundments and irrigation waste contributions.
Industrial and domestic wastes are nowhere a troublesome threat to water purity.
The Oregon State Sanitary
Authority has maintained 13 sampling stations in the basin for about eight years.
No expansion of survey schedules or special surveillance programs is necessary at this time. 1/
Domestic water supplies are obtained from ground water, streams and springs, and irrigation canals.
Surface water rights total 16 cfs which represents a maximum annual consumption of 11,400 acre-feet.
However, many rights for household and stock use from irrigation ditches are classified under irrigation rather than domestic and are therefore not included in this total.
These domestic rights, scattered throughout the basin, are intended for stock, camps, park and household uses.
Shortages occur when during the summer months a large number of streams are dry, and when wells do not recharge as fast as they are depleted.
The ground water level is such that well depths of above 500 feet are not uncommon.
Sources of municipal water supply are the same as those for domestic purposes streams, springs, ground water, and irrigation canals
Some rights are transferred irrigation rights and are subject to the applicable seasonal restrictions of the original rights.
The quantity of water available for municipal purposes is adequate for both present and immediate future needs.
Surface water rights for irrigation represent the largest consumptive group in the Deschutes River Basin, totaling 5,452 cfs for the irrigation of
259,469 acres,
However, only about 70 percent of the lands holding rights were actually irrigated.
The highest level of irrigation development exists in the valleys and on the plateaus in the vicinity of Bend, Sisters, Madras, and Prinevi]je,
Most of these lands are included in the Deschutes and
Crooked River Projects of the Bureau of Reclamation.
Average rainfall in most agricultural areas during the summer months ranges from one to five inches.
Irrigative agriculture, therefore, is largely dependent upon storage projects for water.
A detailed discussion of each irrigation project follows, It is taken from a publication of the Bend City Planning Commission, titled: "The
Character and Resources of the Bend Area,'t published in April
1956.
Arnold Irrigation District was first organized as a company in 1905.
It was made a district in 1936
The Arnold Canal is the first diversion below Benham Falls and irrigates lands to the south and east of Bend.
In the Deschutes Board Report of 1922 the area was given as 16,500 acres; in recent years, however, the irrigated area of this project has stabilized at
1/ Oregon State Sanitary Authority, Implementation and Enforcement Plan for Public Waters of the State of Oregon, May 1967.
- 15 -

4,110 acres.
Its water is provided from the Crane Prairie Reservoir and direct flow from the Deschutes River.
The Benham Falls Project has been approved and recommended by the U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation after extensive research of the area.
Due to the volcanic nature of the Deschutes River Channel, many dam sites were investigated by geologists and engineers.
some 15 miles southwest of Bend.
The site decided upon is at Axix "G",
The great need for this supplemental storage on the Deschutes River is to supply additional water for all existing upper Desehutes River Basin districts, with the exception of the Swalley
District.
This new reservoir would reduce the time for water delivery to irrigation districts some 40 to 42 hours over the 48 hours it normally takes water from the Wickiup Reservoir to reach the nearest irrigation district.
Water from the new Benham Falls Reservoir would reach the nearest irrigation district in about 6 hours.
This new reservoir will have a capacity of
87,000 acre-feet including 78,000 acre-feet of usable capacity and 9,000 acre-feet of dead storage.
The Benham Falls Dam is planned as an earth and rock-fill structure with a 2:1 downstream slope and a 3:1 upstream slope.
The height of the dam will be 44 feet above the stream bed.
The length of the dam at the crest is 4,100 feet.
A crest width of 25 feet will be provided.
In addition to the spiliway and outlet works, a fish ladder will be provided.
The fish channel will be 6 feet wide at the upper end and 8 feet wide at the lower end.
Irrigated lands included in the Benham Falls project are - Arnold Irrigation District, Central Oregon Irrigation District.
The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Oregon State Game Commission have expressed disapproval of this project because of the loss of marsh land, meadows and forest cover that will be destroyed by the reservoir and the resulting damage to habitats of deer, water fowl and fish.
This reservoir will reach up the Deschutes River some 23 miles and up the Little Deschutes
River some 13 miles and have an area of some 7,600 acres.
The length of the pooi will be about 6 miles.
This project has been recommended by the
U. S. Bureau of Reclamation but has not been approved by the Congress.
Opposition has been expressed by several groups and approval of the project is not expected.
The Central Oregon Irrigation District lies to the north and also to the east of Bend and is served by the Pilot Butte Canal and the Central
Oregon Canal, taking water from the Deschutes River These canals inaugurated broad-scale irrigation projects in this county The irrigated area within this project is 43,880 acres with about 40,000 acres producing crops
Water for this project is allotted from the Crane Prairie Reservoir.
The original Crescent Lake Dam was built in 1922 at the outlet of
Crescent Lake It was a timber and rock-filled dam, designed for a storage capacity of 86,000 acre feet, at a gauge height of 23 feet.
This lake is
85 miles southwest of Bend.
The water from this reservoir was allotted to the Deschutes County Municipal Improvement (Tumalo) District.
Several years ago serious deterioration took place in the old dam and twice the storage was reduced--once, to 15 feet on the gauge and second, to 10 feet on the gauge.
Plans were then made for the reconstruction of this dam.
The project was approved by the U. S. Congress fpr construction by the U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation and money was appropriated for the new dam in 1954.
This project
- 16 -

was completed in 1956.
Provisions are provided for adequate care of fish by the used of fish screens and minimum year-round stream flow
The Crook County Improvement District No. 1 (Lone Pine), though not in
Deschutes County, does use irrigation water vital to this area.
The irrigated farms of these nearby projects lie within the trade area of Bend.
This district of 2,370 irrigable acres secures its water through the Pilot
Butte Canal of the Central Oregon Irrigation District.
The source of its water is the Crane Prairie Reservoir in which it has a storage right.
The facilities of this project were built by the North Canal Company in 1922 and 1923 under the Carey Act.
One unique feature in the facilities of this project is a 28 inch siphon supported by a steel suspension bridge carrying district water across the Crooked River.
This district is immediately north of the Central Oregon District and in Crook County.
The Deschutes County Municipal Improvement District (Tumalo District) lies on the west side of the Deschutes River about two miles north of Bend.
This project was started as a State project in 1904 under the provisions of the Carey Act and some 27,000 acres were proposed to be irrigated from
Tumalo Creek.
Tumalo Reservoir was constructed on Tumalo Creek but failed to hold water; however, the construction of a dike within the total reservoir area created an upper reservoir that is in constant use.
After the failure of the reservoir the acreage of the project was cut to 15,400 acres.
In 1919, this district was reorganized and the acreage again reduced.
The storage right of the Walker Basin Irrigation Company at Crescent Lake was purchased and a reservoir of 86,000 acre-feet capacity was constructed and placed in operation by 1922.
reduced capacity.
In time this dam deteriorated with resulting
At the present time there are 6,650 irrigable acres in this Tumalo District, using water from Tumalo Creek and its tributaries,
Crescent Lake and 9½ second-feet from the Deschutes River.
When future demands for irrigation water warrant the expense, it is considered possible to seal the floor fault of the Tumalo Basin reservoir and restore it to use.
The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation has had similar experiences in Idaho and believes the reclaiming of this reservoir possible.
Deschutes Reclamation and Irrigation Company (Swalley) has the oldest decreed right to water for irrigation from the Deschutes River.
It is located just north of Bend on the east side of the Deschutes River.
It requires no additional water.
It is a project of 4,180 acres.
Snow Creek District lies just west of the Deschutes County Municipal
Improvement (Thmalo) District.
It is a district that includes but one land ownership with a total irrigable acreage of about 1,500 acres.
It secures its water from Three Creeks Lake.
The Squaw Creek District consists of 4,000 acres and is located north of the Snow Creek District, and about nine miles west of the Central Oregon
District.
The water for this district comes from Squaw Creek.
This district needs a reservoir for the impounding of additional Squaw Creek water and resulting improvcment in irrigation The topography in the vicinity of this project is discouraging to the construction of the needed reservoir but thorough investigation could no doubt find a logical site for such a

reservoir.
The Deschutes Project is located in parts of Deschutes, Jefferson, and
Crook Counties.
This investigation is attempting to determine the optimum use of water and related land resources in the Central Deschutes area.
There are about 340,000 acres of arable land in the Central Deschutes Basin of which some 165,000 acres are presently irrigated.
Of these totals, it may be possible to serve about 66,000 acres of new lands with an adequate water supply and to provide supplemental water to an estimated 121,000 acres of irrigated lands.
By (1) use of unassigned space in the Prineville reservoir, and (2) lining the distribution systems of 4 irrigation districts and (3) development of four new storage reservoirs, 393,000 acre-feet of new water storage space could be made available in the Central Deschutes system.
The special report on the Deschutes Project will present framework plans for the development with recommendations for future detailed studies.
Much water loss is sustained in streams, canals, and reservoirs.
No doubt the future demands will bring more attention to the sealing of reservoir basins and the sealing or diversion of streams and canals.
The recovery of vital water will warrant this expense as water needs become very urgent, to provide for increasing population and agricultural demands.
One study made during the broad investigation for the Benham Falls Dam disclosed that for a distance of about eight miles between the Falls and Lava Island, there is now a loss averaging about 6.7 percent.
At some future time the need for this lost water and for new irrigable lands will be such as to warrant the cutting of a new channel in more impervious ground.
The Benham Falls studies have confirmed this possibility.
Major hydroelectric developments in Deschutes County are listed in the table following.
There are rights ofonly a few cfs each (not listed) which are used to a large extent for pumping irrigation water rather than for the generation of electric power.
Table 10.
Major Hydroelectric Developments, Deschutes County, 1959
Name Stream
Installed
Capacity
Kilowatts
Average Annual
Generation
1,000 kwt-hrs
Cline Falls, P.P.
L.
Bend, P.P.
L
Total
Deschutes Riv
Deschutes Riv
750
1,110
1,860
4,600
5,600
10,200
SOURCE: State Water Resources Board, Deschutes River Basin, January 1961.
- 18 -

Industrial water rights are scattered throughout the basin and are used by various industries, mainly lumber and food processing plants, sand and gravel operations, and railroads.
Many industrial plants receive water from municipal water systems and do not hold individual water rights.
Industrial water rights for the Basin total 239 cfs.
Mining does not play alarge part in the economy of the Basin except for the production of sand and gravel and related building materials, and these usually obtain industrial water rights.
There are only three water rights for a total of 51 cfs in the Basin.
Water rights for recreation were issued in the past only for swimming pools and related purposes at resorts, and thus totaled less than one cfs.
Restrictions on the use of water are sometimes given in conjunction with the issuance of other water rights.
Minimum flows have to be maintained in the Deschutes River below Wickiup Dam and below Bend at all times of the year to preserve aquatic life and scenic attractions of the stream.
Most of the recreational areas in the Basin are located on streams, lakes, and reservoirs and their value and attractiveness depend directly on water.
The Deschutes Basin is one of the most popular recreational areas of the
State, and fishing is one of its major attractions.
Water rights for fish have been appropriated in the past only for the propagation of fish in hatcheries.
Minerals
There has been no really definitive studies of the mineral resources of
Deschutes County; however, the known economic mineral resources include diatomite, pumice, scoria, cinders, building stone, sand and gravel, and crushed rock.
Diatomite occurs in large deposits in several places.
It has been produced and processed consistently for many years at a quarry on the
Deschutes River near Terrebonne.
Pumice, abundantly distributed over Central Oregon, has been produced commercially from pits located near Bend.
By far the largest production since World War II has been for lightweight aggregate.
Deposits of perlite, limestone and gypsum are also known to exist but have not been extensively developed.
The collection of agates and opals for manufacture into jewelry and as tourist souvenirs has become of considerable importance as a hobby or sideline activity for a number of local and outside enthusiasts.
The geology of the Deschutes Basin is quite variable, including some of the youngest, as well as the oldest bedrock in Oregon.
Much of the Basin
SOURCE: Letter from Ralph S. Mason, Deputy State Geologist, Nov. 16, 1972 and an Outline of Geology and Mineral Resources by the State of
Oregon, Department of Geology and Mineral Industries.
- 19 -

is underlain by basaltic lavas and tuffs ranging in age from Mid-Tertiary
Columbia River basalt in the lower basin to Pleistocene and recent flows in the Cascade Mountains and near Bend.
bess and pumice ash are present in large
The Dalles formation, composed mainly of volcanic-derived sediments and intercalate4 central plains and plateaus.
lavas, underlies the
Thick to thin surficial Eolian deposits of portions of the Basin.
Forest Land
Over half the area is covered with coniferous timber line around the higher peaks and on recent forest and woodlands, and the remainder is covered with sagebrush and bunchgrass.
the entire eastern slopes of the Cascades except
Forests blanket for small areas above lava flows.
They also cover the Ochoco and Maury Mountains but are found mostly on the north facing slopes of the lower foothills and outlying buttes.
The dominant species of tree is the ponderosa which occupies a belt varying from 5 to 20 miles pine (Pinus ponderosa) in width along the entire western border of the region and throughout most of the Ochoco Mountains.
In the more accessible areas, many of the larger trees have been logged off, but there are still large stands of old growth timber adjacent to highways and in remote and inaccessible areas which have long been in national forests.
The continuity of the virgin ponderosa belt is broken by some
Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia), western white pine (Pinus monticola), immature stands of second growth ponderosa, and pockets of lodgepole pine
(Pinus controta) where cutting has occurred.
On the upper slopes of the
Cascades are pure stands of mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertesiana), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), noble fir (Abies procera), Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), Douglas fir, larch (Larix occidentalis), and mixed stands of these and other species.
In the highest areas are found subalpine forests consisting of sparse stands of alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), white fir (Abies grandis), and lodgepole pine.
These often cover the ridges and extend to timberline on the several peaks that rise above the summit of the Cascades.
Mixed types predominate for three to ten miles along the Cascade summits.
Although the stands of ponderosa are relatively pure in most of the timbered areas, on the basin floor they begin to merge into a woodland-steppe zone of scattered juniper (Juniperus occidentalis), and lodgepole pine, bunchgrass, and sagebrush.
Areas where there are large, relatively pure stands pole pine are found in the central and south of juniper and lodgecentral portions of the Basin
Lodgepole pine predominates to the south near Beaver gradually intermixing with pondersoa pine.
Marsh and extends north
Where drainage is poor the ponderosa is absent, or confined to slight rises which are better drained.
Farther north on the central plateau, which includes much of the core area, is an extensive woodland of junipers, said to be the largest in the world.
They are also found to the southeast along ridges in the semi-arid High
Lava Plains.
The original natural vegetation of the nonforested area was predominantly perennial bunchgrass, but as a result of various factors, much of this has
- 20 -

been invaded by less valuable annual tridentata) grasses, weeds, and sagebrush (Artemisja
The predominant bunchgrasses are bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), and Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda).
Other less abundant perennial grasses are needlegrass (Stipa spp.),
Indian ricegrass (Orzopsis hymenoides), thickspike wheatgrass (Agropyron dasystachyum), junegrass (Koeleria cristata), and giant wild-rye (Elymus cinereus).
Giant wild-rye grows in swales and other moist sites.
Idaho fescue is most abundant on deep soils and on moist northern exposures.
On the sandy soils, Indian ricegrass, sand dropseed (Spbrobolus cryptandrus), beardless wild-rye (Elymus triticoides), needlegrass, and thickspike wheatgrass commonly predominate.
Excellent grasses for livestock are found among the open stands of ponderosa pine and in the various meadows surrounding the
Cascade lakes and well-watered lowlands.
Some desireable perennial grasses are also found among the juniper woodlands if the range has been under proper management.
In Deschutes County the junipers form an open woodland.
The trees are
50 to 100 feet apart, and some are 15 to 20 inches in diameter and 20 or
30 feet tall.
The larger trees have a spreading branchy form.
The understory of big sagebrush, rabbitbrush, bunchgrasses, annual grasses, and associated herbs is similar to the natural cover on the open range in
Jefferson County.
Junipers often reach considerable size in this locality but are generally considered worthless except for fuel and fenceposts and for making small curios.
Toward the south, as the elevation becomes higher and the amount of precipitation increases, the junipers and other plants become somewhat larger and the stands denser.
In the southern and western parts of the county, where the annual precipitation is about 12 inches and the altitude is 3,100 to 3,700 feet, ponderosa pines are scattered among the junipers.
At about the same elevation or slightly lower, bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) appears as part of the understory.
Bitterbrush, also called antelope brush, is a shrub that provides good browse for livestock and big game animals.
The best grazing is found within the forested that are well watered.
since that area is located within and areas, especially in areas
Grazing is generally poor among the juniper woodlands, close to the core area and has long been overgrazed.
Productivity of the range is low compared to the original condition in all unprotected districts.
Several decades of logging activity have changed the character of about half of the countys commercial forest area.
This logging has been principally in the ponderosa pine forests.
Total area logged to date is 470,000 acres, Selectively cut stands of 237,000 acres or half of the logged area at the time of the reinventory of 1953 contained sufficient volume per acre to be classed as sawtimber.
At that time there were 360,000 acres of uncut sawtimber; of this 57 percent is stocked by ponderosa pine, 22 percent is in lodgepole pine and 21 percent is in the upper slope species (mountain hemlock, firs, spruce).
The total poletimber stand occupies 317,000 acres of which 180,000 acres was logged for the original ponderosa pine sawtimber.
Seedling and sapling stands cOver
40,000 acres, four-fifths of which is logged land.
- 21 -

Nonstocked area is 15.000 arcres of which one-fourth is land deforested by fire and the remainder is cut-over land.
Some of the logged off land has been cleared for agricultural or other nonforest use.
Table 11.
Growth and Mortality by Species, Deschutes National Forest
Species
Total
Net Volume
MM bd-ft.
Mortality
Working Circle
MM bd-ft
Total Net
Growth
MM bd-ft.
Douglas Fir
Ponderosa Pine
Sugar Pine
Western White Pine
Lodgepole Pine
Whitebark Pine
White or Grand Fir
Shasta Red Fir
Pacific Silver Fir
Noble Fir
Sub-alpine Fir
Engelmann Spruce
Mountain Hemlock
Western Hemlock
Incense Cedar....
Western Larch
Hardwoods
Total
SOURCE:
917.4
6,042.7
31.0
163.1
1,101.4
24.9
765.2
73.8
91.4
152.1
177.7
76.6
1,416.7
9.3
17.3
6.4
14.6
11,081.6
6.7
13.3
.4
4.0
.1
3.8
.9
2.2
1.2
2.3
.2
35.1
-.4
49.3
.5
1.5
27.0
.2
13.0
.8
-.3
1.7
-.3
10.7
103.7
U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Inventory
Statistics,
Pacific Northwest Region, December, 1962.
- 22 -

Table 12.
Net Volume and Area by Type, Deschutes County, Deschutes NatL Forest
Type Acres MM bd-ft MM cu-ft
Ponderosa pine:
Young
Growth
P1
P2
RP 1
P3 Virgin
Residual
P4
RP3
RP4
Associated species: RD2
Young growth WBP1
FM2
Virgin
Residual
HD 2
D3
D4
FM3
WF 3
WF4
ES3
ES4
J3
RD3
RD4
WF 1
WF2 .......
RWF 1
RWF2
ES1
ES 2
Ji
J2
Lodgepole pine:
Young growth
Virgin
Residual
Mountain Hemlock:
Young
Virgin
RWF 3
RWF4.
RJ4 .....
LP1
LP2
RLP 1
RLP2
LP3..
RLP3
MH1
MH2
MH3
MH4
NS
Total Commercial
Non-Commercial
Non-Forest
Total Area
SOURCE:
3,705
1,852
617
617
2,470
617
618
617
2,470
4,940
8,026
6,174
617
618
617
617
1,852
1,852
1,852
617
51,243
204,972
5,557
8,643
40,747
3,087
617
12,348
37,043
19,756
44,452
808,773
10,495
72,235
891,503
53,095
67,295
16,669
6,174
30,869
74,704
23,461
54,330
617
617
2,469
4,939
3,704
65.7
52.4
67.7
17.2
251.5
1,559.1
131.6
941.3
.7
.1
6.2
6.3
10.6
18.6
11.2
1.1
1.5
3.3
1.8
29. 2
299.5
18.8
.9
49.7
499.2
576.7
2.7
5,552.1
5.5
65.5
58.6
125.0
112.3
23.1
12.9
1.8
4.4
33.1
21.7
16.5
4.5
54.1
373.5
15.0
5,552.1
1,624.3
U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, Inventory Statistics,
Pacific Northwest Region, December 1962.
.3
4.8
2.8
6.4
4.2
4.9
.2
1.8
.8
24.6
40.9
14.6
6.1
64.6
275.7
31.7
164.9
.2
.2
.4
1.4
12.3
20.3
35.8
26.2
5.3
2.9
.4
1.0
6.4
6.4
5.1
.5
36.0
373.3
4.6
13.3
103.7
5.1
.4
27.4
151.8
133.8
.8
1,624.3

For further information on the Forest in Deschutes County see the
Inventory Statistics of the Deschutes National Forest,
Deschutes Working
Circle.
Wildlife
The fish and wildlife in Central Oregon comprise a resource base of great importance.
Every year sportsmen are attracted to the excellent fishing in the lakes and streams and in the fall thousands of hunters visit the national forest to hunt deer, elk, and antelope.
Many streams contain trout, and the upper reaches of the Deschutes
River and the Cascade lakes are particularly well stocked.
Numerous species of waterfowl are found near the lakes and rivers.
The number of game animals varies widely from year to year, depending upon policy established by the State
Fish and Game Commission and the legishunting to maintain lature.
From time to time large areas are closed to the supply of game.
A large game refuge has been created near the Newberry
Craters, and several fish hatcheries have been established to increase the supply of game fish.
Deschutes County has excellent populations of mule numbers of blacktail deer, Rocky Mountain elk, and deer and limited antelope.
More than
100,000 man days are spent afield by big game hunters each hunting season, mainly hunting for deer.
animals.
The average annual kill of deer is about 6,000
Mule deer have shown a steady increase in population due to larger areas of improved habitat created by logging operations with some increases noted adjacent to irrigated lands, and due to a great reduction of predators.
The population of mule and blacktail deer in the
Deschutes
National Forest was estimated at 1,200 in 1924 and
62,000 in 1960.
Table 13.
Mule Deer Herd Composition, DeschuteS County, 1971.
Units District
Classification
Adult Fawn Total
Fawns!
100 Adults
Percent
Survival
Des chutes..
Paulina....
SOURCE:
Deschutes
Deschutes
160
760
62
300
222
1,062
42
39
93
62
Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report,
Game Commission
Oregon State
- 24 -

Units
Table 14.
Antelope Herd Composition, Deschutes County, 1970
District
Classification
Bucks Does Fawns
Bucks!
100 Does
Fawns!
100 Does
Maury
Wagontire
Paulina
Deschutes
Deschutes
Deschutes
7
20
2
45
70
9
18
28
6
16
29
--
40
40
--
Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game
Commission.
Table 15.
Aerial Antelope Inventory, Déschutes County, 1971
Unit and Area District Miles Antelope Antelope/Mile
Maury
Paul ma
Wagont ire.
Deschutes
Deschutes
Deschutes
200
200
250
195
300
420
1.0
1.5
1.7
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission,
Commission.
1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game
Table 16.
Big Game Population Trends, Deschutes County, 1962-1971
Game Animal and Unit
Miles
Traveled
Number
Observed 1962 1963 1964 1965 1971
Mule Deer
Deschutes
Paulina
Antelope
Des chutes
Paul ma
55
280
108
1,308
2.1
4.6
1.2
3.2
1.9
4.5
2.1
4.7
200 303 1.2
1.8
1.9
1.5
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game
Commission.
2.0
4.7
- 25

Table 17.
Deer and Elk Harvest, Deschutes County, 1971
Item Deer Elk
Number of Hunters
Season Total Harvest
Percent of Hunter Success
Animals Harvested! Sq. Mi
8,030
1,060
13
.77
90
3
3
.00
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State
Game Commission.
A remarkable increase in the population of game birds has taken place on irrigated lands in the basin.
Excellent populations of valley quail and chukar partridges and limited numbers of pheasant, grouse, sage grouse, doves, and Hungarian partridges are found in the basin.
About 50,000 hunter days afield are spent each year in search of small game.
Waterfowl use of the Deschutes Basin is not as extensive as other game speëies.
Some local nesting takes place along the streams and lakes, especially in the lower reaches of the Little Deschutes River.
Waterfowl hunting is more limited than in many other areas of the state.
Bird
Table 18.
Small Game Birds
Hunters Harvest
Waterfowl, Deschutes County, 1970
Days
Hunted
Sq. Miles
Of Habitat
Birds Killed
Per Sq. Mi.
Pheasant
Quail
Hungarian Partridge
Blue Ruffed Grouse
Silver Gray Squirrel
Mourning Dove
Duck
Goose
Snipe
SOURCE:
2,540
2,980
460
190
20
1,960
2,150
1,080
40
8,240
30,410
1,350
320
130
21,630
11,840
1,540
40
9,680
16,130
1,,900
290
40
7,060
11,570
5,560
20
344
5,665
3,494
2,172
2,172
3,494
Oregon State Game
Commission.
Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game
24
5.4
.4
.1
.1
8.6
- 26 -

Table 19.
Upland Game Spring Population Inventory, Deschutes
District, 1965 and 1970
Item Pheasants Valley Quail
Adults
Chicks
Total
Miles Traveled
Number/ 100 miles
1965
1970
42
139
181
180
2.6
7.8
10
3
13
125
2.4
14.7
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon
State Game Commission.
Furbearers in the basin include beaver, muskrat, mink, marten, and otter.
Beaver and muskrat are the most important species in the trapping industry with both being dependent on aquatic habitat.
However, trappers reports indicate that many species of furbearing animals are caught that are not traditionally thought of as furbearers, such as the coyote.
Table 20.
Trappers Reports, Deschutes County, 1970-71
Animal No. Caught Average Pelt Price
1971
Beaver
Otter
Mink
Muskrat
Raccoon
Marten
Civet Cat
Weasel
Badger
Gray Fox
Wild Cat
Coyote
1
15
18
5
3
2
14
10
15
55
16
19
$ 11.60
19.57
5.62
.85
1.85
6.07
1.31
.55
2.05
1.30
8.92
3.15
$
9.52
23.60
3.29
.91
1.98
5.77
.91
.32
3.25
2.45
13.66
6.93
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon
State Game Commission,
- 27 -

A variety of fish utilize the streams and lakes in Deschutes County.
Anadromous fish (i e
, fish which migrate upstream to spawn) include spring chinook and steelhead trout the
Resident species include the rainbow trout, brown and brook trout, roach kokanee, whitefish, and others
Table 21.
Water F Species
Summary of Net Collections, Deschutes County
Lakes, 1970
Date Number of Nets Number of Fish Percent of
Total
Big Cultus
LT
Rb
BT
Wf
10/13
16
26
2
38
19.5
31.7
2.5
46.3
Big Lava
BT
Rb
Ro
Crane Prairie
Rb
BT
Co
K
Ro
10/2
9/10-11
122
4
27
145
6
73
5
1,800
79.7
2.7
17.6
7.2
.3
3.6
.2
88.7
East Lake
Rb
BT
Br
10/7
13
842
4
1.5
98.0
.5
Paul ma
Rb
Ro
10/8
156
18
89.7
10.3
LT - Lake Trout; Rb - Rainbow Trout; BT - Brook Trout;
Wf - Whitefish;
Ro - Roach; Co - Coho Salmon; K - kokanee
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon
State
Game Commission.
- 28 -

Table 22.
Average Fork Length of Female Fish in Each Stage of Maturity in
Selected Deschutes County Lakes, 1968
Water Species
Big Cultus
Rb
LT
Immature
Number
Maturing
Mat ure
Ave. Length Number Ave. Length Number Ave. Length incEes.
inches inches
6
15
9.7
17.8
21.0
Crane Prairie
Rb
BT
K
Co
19
4
1
6
9.8
7.0
10.3
8.3
13
32
5
13
14.2
10.3
11.7
11.3
East Lake
BT
7.0
12.6
2 13.1
Little Cultus
Rb
BT
9.0
2
24
10.4
8.0
Paul ma
Rb
9.4
Wickiup
Br
K
18.4
10.1
1 20.0
Rb - Rainbow Trout; LK Lake Trout; BT - Brook Trout; K - Kokanee; Co - Coho
Salmon
SOURCE: Oregon State Fisheries Commission, 1968 Annual Report.
Table 23.
Summary of East and Paulina Lake Catch Statistics, 1968
Item
1966
East Lake
1967
I
1968 1966
Paulina Lake
1967 1968
Angler Trips
Total Trout Caught
Fish/Hour
Fish/Angler
38,600
86,000
.71
2.23
36,300 44,462 24,400 24,900
78,600 97,419 49,000 65,900
.50
2.17
.56
2.19
.63
2.00
.67
2.65
SOURCE: Oregon State Fisheries Commission, 1968 Annual Report.
22,695
56,608
.71
2.49
- 29 -

HUMAN RESOURCES
Population
The population of Deschutes County numbered about
33,800 persons in
July 1972 or 11.05 persons per square mile.
Two-thirds of the county's population lives in urban areas, about 10 percent live on farms, and the remaining 24 percent make up the rural non-farm population.
Table 24.
Population Rank Order in Oregon, Deschutes and Bordering Counties
1960, 1966 and 1972
County
Rank
1960
]
Population
1966
Rank Population Rank
1972
Population
DESCHUTES
Crook
Jefferson
Klamath
Lake
SOURCE:
18
27
30
10
29
23,100
9,430
7 , 130
47,475
7,158
16
27
26
9
30
27,600
8,950
10,300
48,300
6,230
16
27
28
11
31
33,800
10,610
8,980
51,940
6,740
Center for Population Research and Census, Population
Estimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University, July
1972 and 1966.
of the Census, Census of Population:
1960 General Population
U.S. Bureau
Characteristics, Final Report PC(1) - B39, Oregon,
U S Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1961.
Table 25.
Land Area and Population Density in Oregon, 1950, 1960 and 1972
County and State
State
D E SC HUT ES
Crook
Jefferson
Kl ainath
Lake
Land Area
Sq. Mi.
96,248
3,027
2,980
1,794
5,972
8,269
1950
15.8
7.2
3.0
3.1
7.1
0.8
Population Density
1960
1
18.4
7.6
3.2
4.0
7.9
0.9
1972
22.7
11.2
3.6
5.0
8.7
0.8
SOURCE: Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of
Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State
University,
July 1972.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of
Population: 1950 and 1960
General Population Characteristics, Final Report
PC(1) - B39, Oregon,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1951, 1961.
- 30 -

The recent population growth in Deschutes County has been remarkable.
Between 1966 and 1972, the county growth rate was approximately
23 percent.
This compares to a 12 percent increase for the State of Oregon.
Year
Table 26.
Population Growth, Deschutes County
Population Period Percent Increase
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1965
1966
1972
9,622
14,749
18,631
21,812
23,100
27,000
27,600
33,800
1910-19 20
19 20-1930
1930- 1940
1940- 1950
1950- 1960
1960- 1965
1960-1966
1966- 1972
53.3
26
. 3
17.1
5.9
16.9
19.5
22.5
SOURCE:
Table 27.
Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State
University, July 1972.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970
General
Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)
-
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
C39,
Oregon,
1971.
Population of Incorporated Cities, Deschutes County, 1920-1972
Year Bend Redmond Sisters
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1966
1972
5,415
8,848
10,021
11,409
11,936
13,200
14,530
585
944
1,876
2,956
3,340
3,846
3,920
723
602
630
635
SOURCE:
Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State
University, July 1972.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970
General
Poyulation Characteristics, Final Report PC(l) - B39, Oregon,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
- 31

Table 28.
Number of Persons in Deschutes County by Race, 1970
Race
Number
County
Percent
Caucasian
Spanish Language
Black
American Indian
Other
Total
SOURCE:
29,781
441
24
93
103
30,442
97.83
1.45
.08
.31
.34
100.00
Oregon State University Extension Service, Income and
Poverty Data for Racial Groups:
A Compilation for Oregon
Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, Oregon State
University, 1972.
Table 29.
Components of Change in Population, Deschutes County
1950-1960 1960- 1970
I tern
1940- 1950
Net change
Natural increase
Net migration
SOURCE:
3,181
2,768
413
1,288
3,052
-1,764
7,342
1,989
5,353
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic
Statistics 1972, University of Oregon, 1972.
The.composition of Deschutes County's population by age and sex is much the same by percent as that of the State of Oregon.
About 34 percent of the county's population is under 18 years of age, 56 percent in the
18 to 64 age group and the remaining 11 percent 65 and over.
The median age in Deschutes County is 31.0 years.
Composition by sex shows 49.4
percent males and 50 6 percent females
Figures for the State of Oregon are almost identical with 33 percent under 18 years of age, 55.8 percent
18 to 64 years, 10.8 percent 65 years and over, and 49.0 percent males, and 51.0 percent females.
The median age for the state is 21.8 years of age.
- 32 -

Table 30.
Population by Age, Race and Sex, Deschutes County, 1970
Age Group
Under 5 years..
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
75-79
80-84
85 and older...
Total
All Races
Male JFemale
1,192 1,151
1,492 1,453
1,597 1,643
1,451 1,386
825 897
810
932
961
927
789
895
885
858
893
745
638
428
313
164
120
831
906
992
909
904
741
616
430
311
228
129
Male
White
J Female
1,173
1,480
1,592
1,449
807
807
927
785
891
878
852
889
741
636
425
313
163
120
1,143
1,438
1,627
1,373
877
956
921
822
902
983
904
901
737
615
428
310
228
129
Black
Male Female
1
2
3
15,027 15,415 14,928 15,294 12 12
1/ Includes Spanish Language
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General
Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)-B39 Oregon,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
-
33 -

Table 31.
Social Characteristics of Deschutes County and Cities Over
10,000, 1970
County
Country
Bend
Total Population
Native of Native parentage
Native of foreign or mixed parentage
137l0
12,238
1,166
30 .442
27,440
2,471
Foreign Born
306 531
Total Foreign Stock
United Kingdom
Ireland
Sweden
Germany
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Hungary
U.S S R
Italy
Canada
Mexico
Other Americas
1,472
114
44
87
229
34
7
13
7
46
9
333
5
6
3,002
253
61
215
522
63
36
60
14
76
75
638
18
40
Persons of Spanish Lanuage
Persons of Spanish origin or descent
931
105
Mother tongue total
English
French
German
Spanish
Other
SOURCE:
13,710
12,078
63
407
89
1,073
30,442
27,095
97
778
204
2,268
U.S: Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:
1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report
PC(1)-C39
Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 34 -

Employment
The Oregon State Department of Employment reported in 1971 the total civilian labor force for Deschutes County as 14,050 persons At that time the number of unemployed was 890 or 6.3 percent of the labor force.
Table 32.
Labor Force in Deschutes County, 1968 and 1971
Industry
Annual Averages
1968 1971
Civilian Labor Force
Unemployed
Percent of Labor Force
Employed
Agricultural
Non-agricultural
Self-employed, unpaid and
Domestics
Wage and Salary Workers
Manufacturing Total
Food products
Lumber and wood products
Other manufacturing
Non-manufacturing
Contract construction
Transportation, Communication,
Utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, Insurance E Real Estate
Service and Miscellaneous
Government
11,570
620
5.4Z
10,950
740
10,210
1,400
8,810
2,350
120
1,740
490
6,460
380
540
2,110
410
1,220
1,800
14,050
890
6.3%
13,160
720
12,440
1,670
10,770
2,720
120
1,880
720
8,050
570
660
2,320
710
1,660
2,130
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of
Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final
Report PC(i)-C39 Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1972.
- 35 -

Table 33.
Employment Status, Deschutes County and Bend, 1970
Subject
Deschutes County Bend
Male, 16 years and older
Labor Force
Percent of Total
Civilian Labor Force
Employed
Unemployed
Percent of Civilian Labor Force
Not in Labor Force
Inmate of Institution
Enrolled in School
Other: under 65 years
65 years and over
10,341
7,708
74.5%
7,704
7,230
474
6.2%
2,633
78
621
684
1,250
4,666
3,413
73.1%
3,413
3,224
189
5.5%
1,253
14
376
305
558
Female, 16 years and older
Labor Force
Percent of Total
Civilian Labor Force
Employed
Unemployed
Percent of Civilian Labor Force
Not in Labor Force
Inmate of Institution
Enrolled in School
Other: under 65 years
65 years and over
10,928
4,687
42.9%
4,687
4,325
362
7.7%
6,241
184
561
4,148
1,384
5,087
2,348
46.2%
2,348
2,180
168
7.2%
2,739
72
245
1,749
668
Male, 16 to 21 years
Not enrolled in school
Not a high school graduate
Unemployed or not in labor force
SOURCE:
1,375
417
176
68
676
147
61
11
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)-C39 Oregon
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,1972.
- 36 -

Table 34.
Percent of Population in Labor Force by Age and Sex, 1970
Age Group Deschutes County
Male Female Male
B end
Female
Years
14-15
16-17
18-19
20-21
2 2-24
25-34
35-44
45-64
65 and over
18.5
41.8
55.9
71.5
88.5
94.9
95.3
86.8
21.8
10.5
34.5
57.6
47.2
53. 1
46.9
56.8
46.2
12.2
24.2
38.0
54.6
64.3
87.9
91.2
94.0
87.0
22. 4
13.2
41.2
62.7
46.2
53.6
48.3
59.6
52.4
14.9
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-C39, Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Table 35.
Number of Hired Seasonal Workers
Deschutes County, 1965 and in Agriculture by Type of Worker,
1971, Midmonth Figures
Month
1965
Local
1971
Intrastate
Migratory
1965 1971
Interstate
Migratory
1965 1971
May
June
July
August
September
October
200
200
300
200
70
560
250
300
250
300
375
250
75
50
50
50
30
65
250
250
150
150
200
225
200
300
300
275
315
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division,
1971 Annual Rural Manpower Report, 1972.
50
50
50
100
- - -
150
- 37 -

Table 36.
Number and Percent of Persons Unemployed for Deschutes and Bordering
Counties, 1963, 1968, 1971
County
DESCHUTES
Klamath
Lake
Jefferson
Crook
Total Labor Force
Number
Unemployed
1963 1968 1963
I
1968
I
1971
9,380 11,570 14,050 530
17,430 19,930 20,950 1,000
2,790
4,340
3,890
3,020
3,930
4,540
3,020
4,000
4,800
170
150
220
1971
620 890
930 1,350
210
250
210
320
210 370
Percent
Unemployed
1963
I
1968
5.7
5.7
6.1
3.5
5.7
5.4
4.7
7.0
6.4
4.6
1971
6.3
6.4
7.0
8.0
7.6
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Labor
Force and Employment in Oregon by County 1968 through 1971 publications,
Research and Statistics Section.
Table 37.
Major Occupation Group of Unemployed, Deschutes County,
1960 and 1970
Group 1960 1970
Male
Professional, Technical
E
Managerial Workers
Sales Workers
Clerical Kindred Workers
Craftsmen) Foremen Kindred Workers
Operatives, inc. transport
Laborers, except farm
Farm Workers
Service Workers
574
33
18
4
98
155
176
69
21
468
51
9
5
117
94
126
15
44
Female
Professional, Technical
E
Managerial Workers
Sales Workers
Clerical
Operatives,
Kindred Workers md.
transport
Other Blue-Collar Workers
Farm Workers
Service Workers
Private Household Workers
236
12
19
26
19
5
8
83
64
336
41
32
76
80
27
--
59
10
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970
General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report
PC(1)-C39 Oregon, U S Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 38

Income
Table 38.
Mean Income by Race, Deschutes County, 1970
Rae e Families
Unrelated
Individuals
All Races
Caucasian
Spanish Language
Other
$ 9,987
$ 9,997
$ 8,834
$10,675
$ 3,500
$ 3,539
$
858
$
SOURCE: Oregon State University Extension Service, Income and
Poverty Data for Racial Groups: A Compilation for
Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367, Oregon
State University, 1972.
Category
Table 39.
Families by Income Class, Deschutes County, 1970
Spanish
All Races
Language
Number
I
Percent Number Percent
Caucasian Other
Number Ipercent Number Percent
Under $3,999
$4,000-$ 5,999
$6,000-$ 11,999
$12,000 +
Total
1,437
834
3,632
2,434
8,337
17.24
10.00
43.56
29.20
100.00
7
20
46
20
93
7.53
21.51
49.46
21.50
100.00
1,425
814
3,570
2,401
8,210
17.36
9.91
43.48
29.25
100.00
16
13
34
14.71
47.06
38.23
100.00
SOURCE: Oregon State University Extension Service, Income and Poverty Data for Racial
Groups: A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special Report 367,
Oregon State University., 1972.
Table 40.
Net Effective Buying Income Estimates, 1965 and 1970
I tern
1965
Oregon
1970
Deschutes County
1965 1970
Net Dollars (1,000)
Per Capita
Per Household
$4,552,279
2,369
7,436
$6,650,690
9,440
$53,651
2,121
6,624
$83,615
8,040
SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics
1972, University of Oregon, 1972.
- 39 -

Table 41.
Income in 1969 of Rural Population by Families,
Deschutes
County, 1970
Income
Farm
Non-Farm
Less than $1,000
$l,000-$l,999
$2, 000-$2, 999
$3,000-$3,999
$4,000-$4,999
$5,000-$5,999
$6,000-$6,999
$7,000-$7,999
$8, 000-$8 ,999
$9,000-$9,999
$10,000-$11,999
$12,000-$14,999
$15,000-$24,999
$25,000-$49,999
$50,000 or more
25
25
46
35
37
27
8
36
29
34
77
107
73
36
10
74
134
177
178
174
160
263
208
297
162
374
388
364
83
19
Median income
Mean income
Per capita income
SOURCE:
$10,013
$11 ,378
$ 3,376
$8,537
9,639
2,899
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report
PC(1)-C39
Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 40 -

Table 42.
Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups, Deschutes County,
1970
Item
Number Percent
Mean Income
Families: All races
Caucasian
Spanish Language
Black
Unrelated
Other individuals:
All races
Caucasian
Spanish Language
Black
Other
Families by Income Class
All races: under $3,999..
$4 ,000-$5 ,999
$6 , 000-$ 11, 999
$12,000 +
Total
Caucasian: under $3,999
$4,000-$5 ,999
$6, 000-$ll ,999
$12,000 +
Total
Spanish Language: under $3,999
Black:
$4,000-$ 5,999
$6,000-$ll,999
$12,000 +
Total under $3,999
Other:
$4,000-s 5,999
$6,000-$ll,999
$12,000 +
Total under $3,999
$4 ,000-$5 ,999
$6,000-$ll,999
$12,000 +
Total
Income-below poverty level (bpl)
Families bpl: All races
Caucasian
Spanish Language
Black
Other
Persons in families bpl
Unrelated individuals bpl
Under 65
65 and over
$ 9,987
$ 9,997
$ 8,834
$10,675
$ 3,500
$ 3,539
$
858
16
13
34
851
840
6
5
2,722
475
394
1,437
834
3,632
2,434
8,337
1,425
814
3,570
2,401
8,210
7
20
46
20
93
14.71
47.06
38.23
100.00
100.00
98.71
.70
.59
17.24
10.00
43.56
29.20
100.00
17.36
9.91
43.48
29.25
100.00
7.53
21.51
49.46
21.50
100.00
41 -

Table 42, cont.
Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups,
Deschutes County, 1970
Percent
Item
Number
Male family head (14-64 yrs) bpl
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Female family head bpl in labor force with children below 6 yrs
Income source of families and unrelated individuals bpl
Earnings
Social security or railroad retirement
Public assistance or welfare
SOURCE:
242
35
112
33
830
770
142
Oregon State University Extension Service, Income
Racial Groups and Poverty Data for
A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special
Report 367, Oregon State University, 1972.
Table 43.
Median Earnings of Selected Occupation Groups, Deschutes County,
1960 and 1970
Occupation Group
1960 1970
Male, total with earnings
Professional, Managerial, Kindred Workers
Farmers Farm Managers
Craftsmen, Foremen, E Kindred Workers
Operatives
Farm Laborers
Kindred Workers
Laborers, exc Farm E Mine
$ 4,615
5,872
1,843
4,943
4,440
4,093
$ 7,634
10,206
2,413
7,808
7,153
1,965
6,130
Female, total with earnings
Clerical ?j Kindred Workers
Operatives Kindred Workers
SOURCE:
1,742
2,859
1,714
2,825
3,343
2,869
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)-C39 Oregon, U S
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 42 -

Education
Table 44.
Formal Education Facilities, Deschutes County, 1971
District and School Grades
Estimated Number of Students
Bend, #1
Bear Creek
Kenwood
Kingston
Lapine
Marshall
Pilot Butte
Thompson
Yew Lane
Young
Cascade Junior High
Pilot Butte Junior High
Bend High School
1-6
1-6
1-3
1 -6
1-4
1-6.
1-4
1-4
1-4
7-9
7-9
10-12
752
407
160
129
99
669
230
103
108
582
824
1,305
Redmond, #2J
Al La 1 La
Cloverdale
Edwin Brown
Jessie Hill
John Tuck
M.A. Lynch .....
Terrebonne
Tuma lo
Redmond Middle
Redmond High
1-4
1-3
1-3
4
4-6
1-3
1-6
1-6
7-8
9-12
21
17
212
152
485
308
189
215
535
1,026
Sisters, #6
Sisters
Kg -8 164
Brothers, #15
Brothers
1-8
12
SOURCE:
Letter received from Lloyd Thomas, Coordinator Statistical
School Finance, Oregon Board of Education,
November 16,1972.
Services
- 43 -

Table 45.
Average Daily Attendance and Status of High Schools,
Deschutes
County, 1971-1972 School Year
District and Number
Average Daily
Attendance
Joint With
High School
Status
Deschut es
Bend, #1
Redmond, #2J
Sisters, #6
Brothers, #15
5,052.9
2,928.8
139.9
9.9
Jefferson 24J,37J
Unified A
Unified 2/
UE 3/
-
UE
1/ Provides education for grades 1-12, organized under provisions of ORS
330.505 to 330.780
2/ Provides education for grades 1-12.
3/ Provides education for grades 1-12 but does not operate a high school
This type of district sends its high school pupils to districts operating high schools and pays tuition.
SOURCE State Board of Education, Statistical Services and School Finance,
"Oregon School Districts", July 1, 1972, Type,Size, Location.
Table 46.
School Enrollment, 3-34 years, Deschutes County, 1970
School Total Pub 1 Ic
Private
Nursery School
Kindergarten
Elementary (1-8)
High School (9-12)
College
SOURCE:
73
248
4,799
2,293
639
38
123
4,610
2,270
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:
1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)-C39
Oregon, U S Government Printing Office, Washington, D C
,
1972
- 44 -

Table 47.
Percent of School Enrollment By Age, Deschutes County,
1970
Age Group
Percent
3 and 4 years
5 and 6 years
7 to 13 years
14 and 15 years
16 and 17 years
18 and 19 years
20 and 21 years
22 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
...
7.9
52.8
93.6
949
84.0
55.1
22.1
9.2
3.8
SOURCE:
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:
1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)-C39
Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1972.
Table 48.
Years of School Completed by Population 25 Years and Over,
Deschutes County, 1970
Education
Male Female a
No School Years Completed
Elementary: 1-4 years
5-7 years
8 years
High School: 1-3 years
4 years
College: 1-3 years
4 years or more
54
163
513
1,227
1,543
2,892
1,118
959
47
89
390
1,003
1,656
3,636
1,369
699
Median school years completed
Percent high school graduates
SOURCE:
12.3
58.7
12.3
64.2
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:
1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC (1)-.C39
Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 45 -

Table 49.
Youth Organizations, Deschutes County, 1971
Organization
Membership
4.-H
Vo-Ag Enrollment
Future Farmers
Camp Fire Girls
757
215
100
540
SOURCE:
Unpublished data from Campfire Girls and Oregon State
University Extension Service, 1972.
Health and Vital Statistics
The medical care facilities of Deschutes County are around the two major population centers of Redmond located in or and Bend.
Most of the medical personnel are also located in those areas.
Two hospitals exist in the county, St. Charles Hospital in Bend and Central Oregon District
Hospital in Redmond.
The Oregon State Board of Health states that a rehabilitation center is needed in Bend but to date no facility exists.
The following two tables give the ratio of medical personnel to the total population and the existing facilities and percentage of occupancy.
Table 50.
Medical Personnel in Deschutes County, 1969
Profess ion Number Ratio 1/
Medical doctors and doctors of osteopathy
Dentists
Registered nurses
Liscensed practical nurses
Pharmacists
42
20
120
76
25
1/ Ratio to total populatiom
SOURCE: Oregon State Executive Department, Program P1annin
Division, District Facts, 1970.
696
1,461
244
384
1,169
- 46 -

Table 51.
Licensed Health Care Facilities in Deschutes County, 1972
Name of Facility Capacity Location
Nursing Homes
Bachelor Butte Nursing Center
Harmony House Nursing Home
Redmond Heights Nursing Home
Sunset Nursing Home
In-Patient Care Facilities
Central Oregon District Hospital
St. Charles Memorial Hospital, Inc
Homes for the Aged
Bachellor Butte Home for the Aged
Harmony House
Silver Crest Home for the Aged
Sunset Home for the Aged
14
5
16
19
74
18
41
53
67
99
Bend
Bend
Redmond
Bend
Redmond
Bend
Bend
Bend
Redmond
Bend
SOURCE: Unpublished data from Oregon State Health Division received in a letter on December 2, 1972.
The following three tables show the primary uses of medical facilities in the county.
The first gives data on births and deaths in the county; the second gives the race and sex of births in the county and the third gives data on the types and occurrences of a variety of diseases in the county.

Table 52.
Births and Deaths by Number and RateVDeschutes County and Oregon
Item
Number
County
Rate Number
Oregon
Rate
Live Births
Illegitimate
Immature
Congenital Malformations
553
40
30
9
17.5
72.3
54.2
16.3
33,344
2,603
1,915
400
15.6
71.8
57.4
12.0
Deaths from all causes
Malignant neoplasms
Diabetes mellitus
Diseases of the heart
Cerebrovascular diseases
Arteriosclerosis
Other cardiovascular diseases..
Influenza and pneumonia
Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma.
Peptic ulcer
Cirrhosis of the liver
Congential anomalies
..........
Certain causes of mortality in infants
All other diseases
331
57
2
101
46
8
13
3
7
6
2
6
5.
31
10.5
108.2
6.3
319.3
145.4
22.1
19.0
25.3
41.1
9.5
6.3
19.0
15.8
98.0
20,087
3,608
285
7,492
2,377
455
370
566
577
92
338
175
314
1,649
9.4
168.4
13.3
349.6
110.9
21.2
17.3
26.4
26.9
4.3
15.8
8.2
14.7
76.9
Accidents
Suicides
Homicides
Infant deaths
Neonatal deaths
Fetal deaths
Therapeutic abortions
36
5
3
12
7
24
121
113.8
15.8
9.5
21.7
12.7
43.4
218.8
1,314
319
81
615
416
841
6,984
61.3
14.9
3.8
18.4
12.5
25.5
209.5
1/ Rates are computed as follows: 1) live births, deaths per 1,000 population, 2) illegitimate and immature births, congenital malformations, infant, neonatal and fetal deaths per 1,000 live births, 3) selected causes of death and morbidity per 100,000 population, and 4) therapeutic abortions per 1,000 live births.
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health
Division, Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital Statistics Section,
1971.

Table 53.
Births by Sex and Race, Deschutes County and Oregon
Item County Oregon
Total
Male
Female
White
Black
Indian
Other non-white
....
553
289
264
535
2
10
6
33,344
17,272
16,072
13,850
654
478
354
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State
Health Division, Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital
Statistics Section, 1971.
Table 54.
Reported Cases of Diseases in Deschutes County, 1971
Disease Number
Amebiasis
Viral infectious hepatiti.s
Influenza
Rubeola
Mumps
Salmonellosis
Pertussis
Tuberculosis
Gonorrhea
Rubella
1
12
574
50
52
4
2
3 1/
52 2/
6
1/ This is a rate of 9.5 per 100,000 population
2/ This is a rate of 164.4 per 100,000 population
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State
Health Division, Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital
Statistics Section, 1971.

Public Welfare
Table 55.
Average Mon-Medical Payments for Public Welfare Cases, 1972
Category
Number of
Cases
Average
Payment
Total
Payments
Old Age Assistance
Aid to the Blind
Aid to the Disabled
Aid to Dependent Children
General Assistance
Abundant Foods
115
8
102
282
25
2,006
$60.27
76.13
75.19
44.61
54.20
$6,931
609
1,670
41,087
1,355
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon Public Welfare
Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, August 1972 edition.
Table 56.
Total Medical Payments by Type of Service,-1 1972
Service Payment
Physicians
Hospitals
Out-patient
Nursing homes
Drugs
Dental
Visual
Transportation
Other
Total
$ 8,796
19,341
872
31,436
6,473
1,434
223
180
538
69,293
1/ Mental Hospital payments not included
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon
Public Welfare Division, Public Welfare in Oregon,
August 1972 edition
- 50 -

Table 57.
Medical Payments, Deschutes County, 1972
Category Physicians
Persons J Average
Hospital Drugs
Persons JAverage Persons Average
Old age assistance
Aid to the blind
Aid to the disabled
Aid to dependent children.
General assistance
Family cases
Total
35
4
34
215
10
11
309
$ 10.54
31.12
44 59
26.54
87 22
18.93
28.46
14
2
11
26
2
1
56
$ 69.21
304.81
659 76
347.85
596 23
268.50
345.38
156
5
75
156
11
5
408
$ 21.29
12.80
20 61
8.81
12 87
5.17
15.91
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon Public Welfare
Division, Public Welfare in Oregon, August 1972 edition.

I-lousing
Table 58.
Housing Characteristics Including Structure, Utilization, and
Plumbing, Deschutes County, 1970
Subj ect Total Rural Occupied Farm
All year-round units
Units in structure
1
2
3and4
5 to 19
20 or more mobile home or trailer
Year structure built
1960- 70
1950-59
1940-49
1939 or before
Complete bathrooms
1
1½
2 or more none or used by another household ...........
Source of water public system or private co individual well other
Sewage disposal public sewer septic tank or cesspool other
Heating equipment steam or hot water
built in electric floor, wall, pipeless furnace room heaters with flue room heaters without flue fireplaces, stoves, portable heaters none
All occupied units
11,201
8,770
261
153
646
163
1,208
3,784
1,375
1,636
4,406
8,275
887
1,478
543
8,357
1,347
1,479
1,234
9,611
338
349
3,406
2,509
670
2,540
566
1,113
48
10,101
4,727
3,492
33
16
92
31
1,063
2,402
606
578
1,141
3,215
383
746
367
1,912
1,339
1,460
232
4,164
315
50
1,261
1,265
188
712
283
942
26
4,074
694
621
73
183
90
91
330
511
66
66
62
74
221
410
6
638
61
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed
Housing Characteristics, Final Report HC(1)-B39 Oregon, U S
Government Printing Office, Washington, D C
,
1972
11
160
92
36
95
22
278
- - -
694
- 52 -

THE COUNTY'S ECONOMY
Agriculture
Agriculture is an important sector of Deschutes County's economy
A total of 503 farms comprised 163,340 acres or 8.4 percent of the county's total land area.
Livestock and dairy farms are the two most important types of farms, as detailed later.
Table 59.
Farm Size and Value, Deschutes County, 1959, 1964 and 1969
Subject 1959 1964 1969
Approximate acres of land area...
..
1,937,280
Proportion in farms 18.5%
Total number of farms
Acres in farms
795
357,900
Average size of farms
Value of land and buildings
Average per farm
Average per acre
450.2
$28,613
80.52
1,939,200
13.1%
775
253,152
362.6
$41,820
128.40
1,939,712
8.4%
503
163,340
324.7
$43,656,856
$86,792
267.27
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1 Area
Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington
D.C., 1972.
The next table shows distribution of farm sizes.
Approximately 43 percent of the farms are under 50 acres in size, while 34percent are between 50 and 180 acres.
The average is about 325 acres, due to the presence of large livestock farms.
Between 1959 and 1964, the acreage in farms decreased almost 30 percent, while the number of farms showed only a slight decrease The combination of these facts results in the lower average size of farms in 1964 as compared to 1959..
- 53 -

Table 60.
Number and Percent of Farms by Size, 1959, 1964 and 1969
Size
Number
1959
I
Percent INumbe
1964 196 9
1Percent Number Percent
Less than 10 acres 66 8.3
51 6.6
34 6.8
10 to 49 acres 237 29.8
285 36.8
182 36.2
50 to 69 acres 31 3.9
44 5.7
46 9.2
70 to 99 acres 128 16.1
102 13.2
60 11.9
100 to 139 acres
140 to 179 acres
69
75
8.7
9.4
58
63
7.5
8.1
32
40
6.4
8.0
180 to 2l9acres...
31 3.9
28 3.6
20 4.0
220 to 259 acres 23 3.0
17 2.2
14 2.8
260 to 499 acres 53 6.7
64 8.3
38 7.6
500 to 999 acres 38 4.8
26 3.4
16 3.2
1,000 to 1,999 acres 17 2.1
16 2.1
8 1.6
2,000 acres or more
Average size-acres.
SOURCE
27
450.2
3.4
21
326.6
2.7
13
324.7
2.6
U S Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture 1969, Vol 1
Reports, Part 47 Oregon, U S
Government Printing Office, Washington
D.C., 1972
The main type of farm in Deschutes County is livestock and livestock product, followed by dairy
Over half of the farms are unclassified as to type.
- 54 -

Type
Table 61.
Farms by Type, Deschutes County, 1969
Number Acres
Cattle and Calves
Hogs and Pigs
Sheep and Lambs
Horses and Ponies
Chickens
Other Livestock and Poultry
So rghums
Theat and Other Small Grains
Hay
Potatoes
Berries
Other Crops
Greenhouse Products
357
50
39
223
71
41
1
34
314
35
2
11
1
296
24,055
1,992
2
462
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol.1
Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
Classification of farms by economic class considers only those classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as "Commercial Farms".
In general, all farms with a total value of products sold amounting to
$2,500 or more are classified as commercial.
Farms with sales of $50 to
$2,499 are classified as commercial if the farm operator was under 65 years of age and (1) he did not work off the farm 100 or more days during the year and (2) the income received by the operator and members of his family from nonfarm sources was less than the value of all farm products sold.
- 55 -

Table 62.
Farms by Economic Class, Deschutes County, 1959, 1964, 1969
Economic Class 1959 1964 1969
Commercial Farms
Class I (Sales of $40,000 or more)
Class II (Sales of $20,000-$39,999).
Class III (Sales of $l0,000-$19,999)
Class IV (Sales of $5,000-$9,999)
Class V (Sales of $2,500-$4,999)
Class VI (Sales of $50-$2,499)
Other Farms
Part-time
Part-retirement
Abnormal
439
30
26
86
117
130
50
370
313
57
400
25
37
60
96
107
75
375
305
70
198
167
29
2
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol.
1 Area
Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U S Government Printing Office, Washington
D.C., 1972
305
29
43
57
62
86
28
Most of the farmers in the county own their farms.
According to census data, in 1969 there were more than 75 percent full owners, about 15 percent were part owners, and the remaining 10 percent were tenants There were no managers in 1964 or 1969.
Table 63.
Farm Operators by Tenure, 1959, 1964 and 1969, Deschutes County
Tenure 1959 1964 1969
Full Owners
Part Owners
Managers
Tenants
630
110
4
51
623
96
56
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol.
Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D C
,
1972
386
79
38
Area
- 56 -

Table 64.
Farm Operators by Age, Deschutes County, 1964 and 1969
Subj ect 1964 1969
Average Age
65 years old and over
55-64 years
45-54 years
35-44 years
25-34 years under 25 years
50.5
112
183
223
181
69
7
52.4
85
142
134
95
39
8
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1
Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
Table 65.
Farm Operators by Value of Farm Products Sold, 1964 and 1969
Value of Products Sold
1964
Farm Operators
1969
Total Number of Operators
Under $250
$250-$999
$1, 000-$1, 999
$2,000-$4,999
$5,000-$9,999
$10 ,000-$ 14,999
$15,000-$19,999
$20,000-$29,999
$30, 000-$ 39
, 999
$4o,000-$59,999
$60,000 and over
775
130
159
123
145
96
!il
I,
503
54
102
70
277
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969; Vol.
Area Reports
1
Part 47, Oregon, U S Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
The agricultural land base for Deschutes County consists of 27,735 acres of harvested cropland (or roughly 17 percent of land in farms),
38,448 acres of pastured cropland (or 23 percent), 9,991 acres (5 percent) of woodland pasture, and 86,000 acres (53 percent) of other land.
- 57 -

About 16,775 acres of the total rangeland are classified as improved pasture.
A total of 37,496 acres (22 percent) are irrigated land in farms.
Table 66.
Land in Farms by Use, Deschutes County, 1959, 1964 and 1969
Land in Farms
Cropland harvested
Cropland used only for pasture.
Cropland not harvested and not pastured
Cultivated summer fallow
Soil improvement
Other-failure or idle
Woodland pastured
Woodland not pastured
Other land
Irrigated land
357,900
29,875
26,745
8,242
3,542
867
3,833
96,396
30,184
152,507
44,161
253,152
26,875
17,346
10,742
4,464
751
5,527
27,414
1,872
154,025
44,482
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol.
Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
163,340
27,735
38,448
2,066
9,091
86,000
37,469
- 58 -

Logging and Wood Products.
Table 67.
Timber Ilarvest by Ownership, Deschutes
County, 197021
Ownership
Production
Percent of Total
1,000 bd.ft.
Total Timber Harvest
Private
Forest Industry
Other
National Forest
92,944
24,420
23,874
546
68,524
100.0
26.3
25.7
.6
73.7
1/ Scribner Log Rule
SOURCE:
Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Survey
Project, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range
Experiment Station,
Portland, Oregon.
Table 68.
Log Consumption by Species, Deschutes County, 196821
Species
1968
,000 bd.ft.
All Species
Douglas fir
Hemlock
True firs
Ponderosa Jeffery pine
White E sugar pine
Other softwoods
.
130,472
2,076
341
4,786
119,664
1,023
2,582
1/ Scribner log rule
SOURCE
Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with U S Forest
Service, Oregon Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption and
Mill Characteristics, 1968.
- 59 -

Table 69.
Production and. Disposition of Residue, All Types by Weight,
Deschutes County, 1968
Item All Types Coarse Medium Fine
Total produced
Total used 1/
Pulp -
Board
Fuel
Unused
147,169
146,797
75,024
31,574
40,199
372
79,264
79,024
75,024
---
4,000
---
31,574
31,574
31,574
36, 31
36,199
36,199
132
1/ Used residues were not necessarily consumed in the area in which they were produced
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with U.S. Forest Service,
Oregon Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption and Mill Characteristics, 1968
Table 70 .
Origin of Logs Consumed by Ownership Class, 1968
Ownership 1968
All Owners
National Forest
Forest Industry
Own Lands
Other Industry
Farmer and Misc. Private
130,472
84,254
42,750
1,724
1,744
1/ Scribner log rule
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with U.S. Forest
Service, Oregon Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption and
Mill Characteristics, 1968.
- 60 -

Table 71.
Installed 8-I-Jour Capacity of Sawmills,Deschutes County,
1968 1/
Mill
Capacity
1,000 bd.ft.
Mill size class D 2/
Mill size class C 3/
Mill size class A 4/
15
70
400
Total capacity
485
1/ Scribner log rule
2/ Mill size class D = shift less than 40,000 bd.ft. capacity per S hour
3/ Mill size class C = 40,000-79,000 bd.ft. capacity per 8 hour shift
4/ Mill size class A = 120,000 bd.ft. capacity per 8 hour shift
SOURCE:
Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with U.S. Forest
Service, Oregon Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption and
Mill Characteristics, 1968.
Table 72.
Log Production, Deschutes County, Various Years
Year
Production
1,000 bd.ft.
1955
1960
1961
1965
1970
48,218
76,923
90,113
131,300
92,900
1/ Scribner-log rule
SOURCE: Oregon State Board of Forestry and West Coast Lumbermen's
Association.
- 61 -

Mining - Mineral and Metal Industries
Table 73.
Value of Mineral Production, Deschutes County, 1961-65 E 1970
Year Value Minerals Produced in Order of Value
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1970
$870,000
528,000
819,000
653,000
888,000
760,000
Pumice, Sand and Gravel,. Stone
Pumice, Sand and Gravel
Pumice, Sand and Gravel
Pumice, Sand and Gravel
Pumice, Stone, Sand and Gravel
Pumice, Stone, Sand and Gravel
SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic
Statistics 1972, University of Oregon, 1972.
Manufacturing
Table 74.
Manufacturers by Type and Number of Employees, Deschutes County
,
1970
Manufacturers
Number of Employees
Wood Products
Bailey and Company, Ralph A
Fox and Company, William L
Brooks Willamette Corp
Trailer Coaches
Beaver Coaches, Inc
J E R Canopy E1 Camper, Inc
United States Mobile Homes Oregon, Inc
Treated Minerals and Earth
Bend Aggregate E4 Paving Company
Cascade Pumice Company
Central Oregon Pumice Company
Newspapers
Bend Bulletin, Inc., The
Redmond Spokesman, Inc., The
Miliwork
Bend Cabinet and Fixtures
Bend Miliwork Corp
Cascade Forest Products, Inc
Oregon Trail Box Company
7
150
14
95
15
8
11
27
15
3
1
96
40
4
70
- 62 -

Table 74 cont.
Manufacturers by Type and Number of Employees, Deschutes
County, 1970
Manufacturers Number of Employees
Oregon Woodwork, Ltd
Whittier Moulding Company
Ponderosa Mouldings, Inc.
Dairy Products
Bend Dairy
Eberhard Creamery, Inc
Kilgores Dairy Company
Sawmills and Planing Mills
Bend Manufacturing Company
Brooks-Scanlon, Inc
Lelco, Inc.
Inland Precuts, Inc
Graves Manufacturing Company
F ? F Products
Russell Industries
Central Oregon Fir Supply Company
Boxes and Shook
L G Wood Products
Boyle Manufacturing Co., K.L.
Gray Iron Foundries
Mid-Oregon Iron Works, Inc
Meat Packing Plants
Cinder Butte Packing Co.
Myers Packing Co.
Games and Toys
North Pacific Products Co.
Small Arms Ammunition
Nosier Bullet Co.
Bread and Bakery Products
Pioneer Bakery Co.
Motorcycles, Bicycles and Parts
Powroll Performance
Leather Gloves and Mittens
Sullivan Glove Co.
Men's, Youth, and Boy's Clothing
Western Trails, Inc
Motor Vehicle Parts and Assesories
Barnes Manufacturing Co
Prepared Feed for Animals and Fowl
Deschutes Fariiiers Coop.
Farm Machinery, and Equipment
Newhouse Manufacturing Company
Animal Marine Fats and Oils
Redmond Rendering Company
Mechanical Measure and Control Instruments
Wagner Electronic Products
Ready Mixed Concrete
Redmond Ready Mix
Bend Redi-Mix, Inc
- 63 -
17
18
5
26
150
110
65
4
22
24
20
400
2
6
10
10
20
15
3
16

Table 74 cont.
Manufacturers by Type and Number of Employees, Deschutes
County, 1970
Manufacturers Number of Employees
Miscellaneous Machinery, except electrical
Bennett's Machine Shop
Oregon Carburetor Company
Bates Ayres, Inc
Signs and Advertising Displays,
Carison Company
Wood Household Furniture
Carter Wood Products
Page Cabinet and Panel
Miscellaneous Metal WOrk
Central Oregon Machine
Rookwood Starting and Training Gates, Inc
Bottling Company
Coca-cola Bottling Co
Pepsi-Cola-7 up Bottling Co
Logging Camps and Contractors
Couch Logging Mahion I
Couch Logging, Robert J
Katter Lumber Co
Pitts Logging, Gene
Sexton Logging Co
Van Tassel Logging Co
R F4 0 Logging
Vandehey, Get. N
Hartford Logging, Roy
Demaris, Albert J
Barclay Logging Co., mc, Harold
Pumps, Pumping Equipment
Engineered Products Manufacturing Co
Commercial Printing, Lithographic
Fowler Printing Co
Concrete Block and Brick
Grimes Pumice Block, Inc
1
6
15
1
5
5
6
1
5
7
7
90
17
16
2
100
4
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers, 1970
64 -

Outdoor Recreation
Deschutes County contains a large number of varied recreational resources, consisting of mountain and river scenery, outstanding geologic features; extensive forests; excellent hunting, and a valuable sport fishery in the high Cascade Mountain lakes and reservoirs
State parks and National
Forest camps provide picnicking and camping facilities
Deschutes National
Forest provides a wide variety of recreational activities such as skiing, sightseeing, mountain climbing, boating and fishing.
There are also several city parks around the Bend area that may be used for sightseeing, hiking, and picnicking.
The following tables give information about
U.S. Forest Service and State parks in the Deschutes area.
Table 75.
U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Areas,
Deschutes National Forest 1/
Name of Area
Allen Springs
Allingham
Beach...
.
Benham Falls
Big River
Blue Bay
Browns Creek
Cabin Lake
Camp Sherman
China Hat
Cinder Hill
Cold Spring
Contorta Point
Cow Camp
Crane Prairie
Crescent Creek
Crescent Lake
Cultus Lake
Cultus Lake Picnic
Cultus Lake N Unit
Deschutes Bridge
Devils Garden
Devils Lake
Driftwood
East Davis Lake
East Lake
Elev.
2,800
2,900
4,900
4,100
4,200
3,400
4,400
4,500
3,000
5,100
6,370
3,400
4,850
4,500
4,400
4,500
4,850
4,700
4,700
4,700
4,625
5,500
5,500
6,400
4,400
6,370
Tents
Sites
Trlrs.
12
--
3
12
8
9
--
--
5
5
5
7
--
5
37
32
--
--
--
6
--
3
--
8
--
14
17
25
4
10
--
5
20
14
14
14
105
22
6
5
50
--
6
30
Picnic
Facilities and
2/
Activities -
7 PW,F,H1,R,Sc,St
--
PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St
4 PW,B,F,H,L,R,S,Sc
BL,X,B,F,H,Sc,St
BL,B,F,H,St
---
BL,Ft,PW,B,F,Hi,Sc,L,Ws
--
Well, F,H,St
--
PW,H
2 CK,PW,F,H,fli,R,S,St
--
PW,H
--
BL,FT,PW,B,F,G,L,SC
4 H,Hi,Sc
--
B,F,H,L,S,Sc,Ws
--
B,F,H,S
--
BL,well,B,F,H,S
--
F,G,H,St
5 BL,PW,B,F,H1,H,L,R,S,
16
13
Sc ,Ws
BL,well,B,F,H,L,S,Sc,St
H,L,S,Sc
H,L,S,Sc,B,F,Ws,BL
--
B,F,St
--
F,G,H,Sc,St
--
BL,B,F,H,L,R,Sc
--
B,F,H,L,R,Sc
4 BL,D,well,B,F,H,L,St
--
BL,PW,B,F,G,L,Nt,Sc
-
65 -

Table 75, cont.
U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Areas,
Deschutes National Forest 1/
Name of Area
Elk Lake
Gorge
Hot Springs
Indian Ford
Jack Lake
Lava Camp Lake
Lava Flow
Lava Lake
Link Creek
Little Crater
Little Cultus
Little Deschutes...
Little Fawn Picnic.
Little Lava Lake
Lower Bridge
Mallard Marsh
Meadow
Mile
Monty
North Davis Creek
North Wickiup
Odell Creek
Odell Picnic Grnci..
Paulina Cr. Obs.Pt
Paulina Lake
Pebble Bay
Perry South
Pine Rest
Pioneer Ford
Point
Prairie
Princess Creek
Pringle Falls
Quinn River
Rainbow
Reservoir
River
Riverside
Rock Creek
Rosland
Elev.
4,900
2,900
6,400
3,200
5,400
5,200
4,400
4,800
3,400
6,330
4,800
4,700
4,900
4,800
2,800
4,950
4,000
4,690
2,080
4,400
4,305
4,400
4,800
4,800
6,320
6,300
4,800
2,000
2,900
2,800
4,900
4,400
4,800
4,300
4,400
6,400
4,400
4,300
3,000
4,400
4,200
--
3
--
4
--
4
2
4
11
2
6
Sites
Trirs.
15
8
43
--
8
13
10
35
32
51
33
17
--
76
20
--
--
5
---
15
--
6
64
--
65
--
--
40
--
12
--
6
32
9
18
5
14
48
Tents
--
3
10
--
9
10
2
13
--
5
6
25
13
--
8
--
2
Picnic
Facilities and
2
Activities -
5 BL,PW,B,H,L,F,R,Sc
--
PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St
5 BL,PW,B,F,G,L,Sc
5 GP,well,H,St
X,F,H,Hi,L,R
-
--
SH,F,H,Hi,L,Sc
BL,well,B,F,H,G,L
8 BL,well,B,F,Hi,L,R,S,Sc
--
BL,PW,B,Hi,L,Sc,Ws
--
BL,well,B,F,Hi,L,Sc
--
BL,B,F,H,L,R,S,Sc
Well,F,H,St
8 BL,B,F,H,L,R,Sc,S
--
BL,B,F,H,L,S
2 PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St
-
Well,B,F,H,L
--
F,H,St
B,F,L,St
FT,PW,B,F,G,H,Sc,St
4
BL,B,F,H,St
--
BL,B,F,H,L,S
17
BL,wells,B,F,H,S
BL,well,B,F,H,Hi,L,R,
5
Sc,St
2 Sc,1I
5 PW,G,Sc,St
5 BL,PW,Ft,B,F,G,Hi,L,S,Sc
--
B,F,H,L,S,Sc
BL,FT,PW,B,F,H,L,S,G,
7
Sc,Ws
2 CK,GP,PW,FT,F,}i,Hi,R,
2
4
Sc,St
CK,GP,PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St
BL,PW,B,F,H,L,R,Sc
6
Well,F,H
BL,D,G,P,PW,B,F,H,Hi,
L,Sc
F,H,St
--BL,PW,B,F,H,St,L
--
B,F,H,L,R
BL,B,F,H
--
B,F,H,St
--
F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St
--
Well,B,F,H
1 GP,well,F,H,Ht,Sc,St
- 66 -

Table 75, cont.
U.S. Forest Service Outdoor Recreation Areas,
Deschutes National Forest 1/
Name of Area
Elev.
Tents
Sites
Trlrs.
Picnic
Facilities and
2
Activities -
Round Lake
Satan Creek
Scout Lake
Sheep Bridge
Simax Bay
Simax Beach
Smiling River
Soda Creek
South
South Shore
South Twin Lake
Spring
Street Creek
Summit Lake
Sunset Cove
Sunset Picnic Grnd
Suttle Lk. Picnic
Suttle Lake Ski
Tandy Bay
Three Creek Lake.
Todd Lake
Tranquil Cove
Trapper Creek
4,200
5,400
3,700
4,400
4,850
4,850
2,900
5,400
4,950
3,400
4,300
4,850
1,980
5,600
4,800
4,900
3,400
3,400
4,850
6,400
6,200
4,850
4,800
11
4
--
2
2
15
3
2
--
16
15
6
6
22
2
13
37
56
35
3
30
16
5
10
33
8
26
14
4
10
13
27
BL,X,F,H,Hi
F,H,Hi,L,Sc
PW,FT,H,Hi,L,S ,Sc
BL,well,B,F,H
D,PW,B,F,H,L,R,S ,Sc,Ws
B ,F ,H ,L, R, S , Sc ,Ws
PW,F,H,Hi,R,Sc,St
B,F,H,Hi,L,Sc
BL,B ,F,L,Sc
BL,PW,B,F,Hi,L,Sc,Ws
PW,BL,B,F,H,L,S
BL,D,well,B,F,H,Hi,Ht,
L,R,S,Sc,Ws
BL,B,F,H,L,Ws
BL,B,F,H,Hi,R,Sc
BL,D,well,F,B,H,Hi,L,Sc
PW ,
F , H, L, S , Sc
BL,CK,FT,GP,PW,B,F,Hi,
Pg , S , Sc ,Ws
BL,PW,B,F,Hi,L,Sc,Ws
B,X,F,H,H± ,L,R,S ,Sc,Ws
BL , B ,F ,I-I, R, S , Sc
PW,B,F,H,L,R,S,Sc
B,F,H,L,R,S,Sc,Ws
BL,PW,D,B,Bp ,F,H,Hi,L,
R, Sc
H ,Hi, Sc , St
BL,PW,F,Hi,Sc,Ws
BL,D,well,B,F,H,L
H,Hi, Sc, St
B , F , H, St
Tumalo Falls
West Cultus Lake
West Davis Lake
West Indian Ford.
Wyeth
5,000
4,700
4,400
3,240
4,400
4
12
-
9
3
20
--
7
1/ Not all of the Deschutes National Forest
2/
Facilities and Activities:
BL-boat launching B-boating
CK-community kitchen
D-dock
Bp-berry picking
F-fishing is in Deschutes County.
Mc-mountain climbing
Nt-nature trail
Pg-playground
FT-flush toilet C-geologic R-riding
GP-group picnic H-hunting
S - swimming
PW-piped water Hi-hiking Sc-scenery
Well-well with hand pump Ht-historical Sd-sand dunes
X-no trlrs. because of L-lake
S t- s t ream rough, narrow access Ws-water sports V-viewpoint road
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Region, National Forest Campground Directory.
-
67 -

Table
76.
State Parks and Recreation Areas, Deschutes County, 1972
Name of Area
Indian Ford
Peter Skene Ogden.
Smith Rock
Dee Wright Memorial
Cold Spring
Sisters
Cline Falls
Lava Camp Lake
Tumal o
Tumalo
Robert W. Sawyer
Pilot Butte
Meadow
Three Creek Lake.
Todd Lake
Sparks Lake Area.
Elk Lake
Cultus Lake
Lava Lakes
Lava Butte Info
Lava River Caves
Big River
Limb erlo st
China Hat
S. Lapine
Twin Lakes
Wickiup Reservoir
Waldo Lake
Craine Prairie Res
LaPine
East Lake
**
68
--
--
6
6
121
69
50
13
5
15
19
37
25
29
--
--
5
12
**
Tent
I
Sites
Trir
I
Picnic
17 15 5
4
10
**
22
--
--
13
20
--
--
12
5
--
--
--
14
--
56
56
86
72
95
2
53
36
35
173
6
.20
--
--
--
6
4
13
36
95
34
16
8
10
--
3
--
--
8
25
5
Drinking
Water
Stoves,1
Toilets-
Boat
Ramp Activitiesyes yes yes no no yes yes no yes yes no
--
-yes yes yes yes yes
-yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes.
W,P
F
E,P
P
W,P
W,P no no
WE,F no
W,P no
WE,F no
P no
WE,F no
-no no W,P
W,P
W,P
W,P yes no
W,P
W,P
W,P
P
P
W,P
W,P
W,P
P
W,P
W,P
W,F
W,P
W,F
W,F no no no no yes yes yes yes no no yes no no no yes yes yes yes no yes
G,P,T,S,V
G,H,V
T,F,G,S,V
T,G,R,N,R,V
T,S,v
S,V
GP , F, S , Sw
T,F,L,V
GC,GP,PA,Th,
UB ,
F, S , V, Sw
F,S
T,F,S
V,G
F,S
F,L,S,V
F , L , V, Sw
F,G,L,S ,V
F , L, S , V, Sw
F , L, S , V, Sw
T , F, G , L , V, Sw
N,T,G,N,R,V
T,G
F,S
F,S
F , L, Sw
F , L, Sw
T,DS,F,L,Sw,V
F,L,S
F,S,N,V,Sw,BH
UB,Th,Ds
T,F,G,L,V tents and trailers permitted at
W-wood stove, E-electric stove, these sites.
P-pit toilet, F-flush toilet
B H-bathhouse
GC-group camp
GP-group picnic
DS-trailer dumping station
M-museum
Th-theatre
T-trails
UB-utility building
SOURCE: Oregon State Highway Division,
Parks, Salem, Oregon 97310.
F-fishing
G-geology
H-his tory
L-S--Lake, stream
N-nature study
R-rockhounding
V-scenic views
Sw-swimming
Travel Information Section,
1972 Oregon
-
68 -

Table 77.
State Parks Statistics, Deschutes County, 1968 and
1972
Name of Park Acres
Overnight
Camper Nights
1967-68 1971-72 f
LaPine
Sisters
Tumalo
Pilot Butte
Peter Skene Ogden
Lava River Caves.
Cline Falls
Robt. W. Sawyer
1,952.12
41.38
2,480
320.18
34,300
100.74
45.96
22.5
9.04
41.04
27,599
654
35,074
Day Visitors
1971-721 Total Revenue
1967-68
I
7,368
--
117,092
103,416
185,560
44,904
77,540
31,036
85,380
--
133,180
122,302
249,852
72,302
87,232
38,284
$ 20,289
85
21,863
7.70
SOURCE: Material received from the State Highway Department, November
21, 1972.
Hunting is a major recreational activity which attracts many tourists to the county each year
Hunted animals include deer, elk, antelope and many small game birds, furbearers and waterfowl.
Tables showing herd composition, hunters, and harvest, where available are included on page
24 in the section on wildlife.
- 69 -

Business
Table 78.
Market Data Information, Deschutes County, 1967
Item Numbers
Population, County
Population, Bend
Households
Consumer Spendable Income
Consumer Spendable Income/Family
Total Retail Sales
Food Sales
Drug Sales
General Merchandise
Apparel
Home Furnishings
Automotive
Service Stations
Farm Population
Gross Farm Income
31,700
14,120
10,610
$97,448,000
$
9,185
$69,210,000
$13,125,000
$ 2,611,000
$ 2,432,000
$ 2,854,000
$ 1,495,000
$17,183,000
$ 5,145,000
1,800
$ 8,711,000
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967
Retail Trade Oregon, BC67-RA39, U S Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1969.
- 70 -

Table 79.
Retail Trade Establishments, Deschutes County, 1967
I tern
All Establishments
Establishments with
Payroll
Building Materials,
Hardware, Farm Equipment
General Merchandise
Food Stores
Automotive Dealers
Gas Service Stations
Apparel-Accessory Stores
Furniture, Homefurnishings
Eating-Drinking Places
Drug Proprietary Stores.
Misc. Retail Stores
Non-Store Retailers
Bend
Number
J
Sales
1,000 $
Redmond
Number
County Total
Sales Number
1,000 $
Sales
1,000 $
219 34,274 94 14,834 376 53,275
173
15
7
22
23
33
11
14
40
8
37
9
33,292
1,816
835
7,699
8,709
3,394
2,299
1,288
2,660
2,734
D
D
70
10
6
9
12
12
4
4
16
2
13
6
14,188
1,866
D
3,042
776
D
406
905
D
3,270
D
D
274
31
15
37
39
60
15
19
67
10
64
19
50,961
4,247
1,882
11,405
12,370
5,000
2,705
1,554
3,899
2,289
6,514
1,410
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Retail Trade:
Oregon, BC67-RA39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1969.
- withheld to avoid disclosure.
Table 80.
Number of Selected Services, Receipts and Payroll, Deschutes County
Area All Establishments
Number
I
Receipts
1,000
Establishments With Payroll
Number Receipts
1,000 tAnnual Payroll
1,000
Deschutes Co
Bend
Redmond
Remainder of Co
SOURCE:
238
140
58
40
4,956
2,905
965
1,086
106
64
24
18
4,142
2,497
741
904
849
524
172
153
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Selected Services,
Oregon, BC67-SA39, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969.
- 71 -

Table 81.
Wholesale Trade Establishments and Sales, Deschutes County, 1967
Item Bend
Remainder of
County
County Total
Number of Establishments
Sales (1,000)
Payroll for Year(1,000)
Merchants
Establishments
Sales (1,000)
Other
Establishments
Sales (1,000)
SOURCE:
44
$ 22,495
$
842
30
$ 16,537
14
5,958
26
$ 15,195
$
791
$
10
4,632
16
$ 10,563
70
$ 37,690
$
1,633
40
$ 21,169
30
$ 16,521
$
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Wholesale
Trade: Oregon, BC67-WA39, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
PUBLIC SERVICE
Transportation
Three inaj or transcontinental highways provide a means for transportation to and from Deschutes County.
Passing through Bend and Rediiiond, U.S. Highway
97 parallels the Cascade Range in the east.
It is a fast truck and automobile route between California and Eastern Oregon and Washington.
U.S. Highway 20 is the major east-west route in the area, linking Bend to the Willamette Valley at Albany or Salem in the west and to the Boise area in the east.
In the
Boise area, Highway 20 connects to Interstate 80, the major route to the Mid-
West and East Coast U S Highway 126, which passes through Redmond and
Sisters, provides another link between Eastern Oregon and Eugene-Springfield
The only scheduled interstate carrier is Trans-Western Express, which has headquarters in Portland.
There are numerous irregular carriers who operate in the Central Oregon area, such as Consolidated Freightways, Mitchell
Brothers, Widing, etc Trans-Western offers service from Bend up and down the coast and transcontinental through connecting carriers
There are three airports serving the Deschutes County area The Bend
Redmond Airport (Roberts Field) has four 7,200 feet runways, only one of which is illuminated.
flights daily.
Hughes Air West and Intermountain West
There is an FFA communication system and air have scheduled express service at the airport.
Limosines, taxis and rent-acars are also ava ilable.
The
Bend MuniLipal Airport which lies 5 5 miles northeast of Bend illuminated 4,000 foot runway with a 900 foot overrun.
Radio has one is on 137 radial.
72.-

Three railroads, the liurliiigton Northern, Spokane,
Portland and Seattle, and and Union Pacific provide service to the Deschutes County area.
Union
Pacific runs one train each day except Sunday between The Dalles and Bend.
Pacific Trailways serves the Deschutes County area from headquarters in
Bend.
Departure times and destinations are as follows:
From Bend
5:45 am, 9:20 am, 12:45 pm, 4:20 pm
4:30 pm, 10:45 pm
11:15 am, 6:40 pm
9:20 am, 6:45 pm
6:00 am
6:00 am, 4:10 pm
To
Portland - Seattle
Boise-Salt Lake beyond
Kiamath Falls-California-Reno
The Dalles-Spokane-etc.
Eugene-Albany-Corvallis-Salem
Eugene-Roseburg-Grants Pass
Table 82.
Oregon Motor Vehicle Registration, Deschutes County, 1970
Vehicle
Number
Passenger vehicles
Buses
Trucks
Trailers
Motorcycles
Recreational 1/
Total vehicles
20,258
63
1,348
1,962
792
2,320
26,743
1/ Includes campers and travel trailers
SOURCE: Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic
Statistics 1972, University of Oregon, 1972.
Communication
In addition to the three radio stations and two newspapers in Deschutes
County there are television channels available through T.V. community cable system.
There is also an educational and weather channel, KOAC, available as well as local programming on Bend T.V.-10.
73 -

City
Table 83.
Newspapers Published in Deschutes County, 1966
Name Publication Days Established
Bend
Redmond
SOURCE:
Bulletin
Spokesman
Daily, exc. Sunday
Thursday
1903
1910
Carl Webb, Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association, unpublished data.
Table 84.
Commercial Radio Stations, Deschutes County, 1966
Location Established Frequency Power
Network
Affiliations
Bend
KBND
KGRL
1938
1959
1110
940
5000 W days
1000 W
ABC
JND
Redmond
KPRB
SOURCE:
1952 1240 1000 W JND
Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Directory of Radio and
Television Stations for the State of Oregon, 1972.
Table
85.
Communication Equipment in Households, 1970
Facilities Total Rural Occupied
Rural Farm
Telephone: yes no
Television: 1
2 or more; none
UHF equipped non-UHF equipped
SOURCE: yes no
8,742
1,359
8,301
1,342
564
6,699
2,944
7,653
2,554
3,453
621
3,168
438
273
2,819
787
2,948
931
619
75
537
66
55
465
138
481
177
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing
Characteristics, Final Report HC(1).-B39 Oregon, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
74 -

Library Facilities
There are three public libraries in Deschutes
County, excluding the library at Central Oregon College, which is located in Bend.
The libraries are located in the three largest towns in the county;
Bend, Redmond, and
Sisters.
The following table gives information about public support of libraries and circulation.
Table 86.
Library Support and Use in Deschutes County, 1969-70
Item
Amount
Value of Taxable Property
Population
Local Funds
City
County
Total Expenditures
Volumes
Circulation
$319,255,271
33,800
$17 ,934
$68,868
$98,814
70,222
218,221
SOURCE:
Oregon State Library, Directory of Oregon Libraries, annual statistics for the year ending June 30, 1970.
Utilities
Table 87.
Housing Units by Water Supply and Sewage Disposal, 1970
Subj ect Number Percent
Water source
Public system or private company
Individual well
Other or none
8,357
1,347
1,479
74.6
12.0
13.2
Sewage disposal
Public sewer
Septic tank or cesspool
Other or none
1,234
9,611
338
11.0
85.8
3.0
SOURCE:
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing
Characteristics, Final Report HC(l) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1972.
- 75 -

Table 88.
Types of Fuel and Fuel Usage by Number of Housing Units,
Deschutes County, 1970
Type of Fuels House
Heating Fuel
Water
Heating Fuel
Cooking
Fuel
Utility gas
Fuel oil, kerosene, etc
Coal or coke
Wood
Electricity
Bottled, tank, or LP gas
Other fuel
None
2,520
3,654
59
770
2,512
673
19
1,438
66
142
7,990
433
138
1,188
7,904
667
68
350
30
All housing units
SOURCE:
10,207 10,207 10,207
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing
Characteristics, Final Report HC(l) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Table 89.
Municipal Water Systems, Deschutes County, 1972
City
Population
1972
Source o
Supply Problems with Supply
B end
Redmond
Sisters
SOURCE:
14,530
3,920
635
Tumalo Creek
Deschutes River
Squaw Creek
Irrigation restricted
Occasional algae
None (Has applied for
FHA funds to enlarge and improve facilities)
Bureau of Municipal Research and Service, University of Oregon.
Table 90.
Municipal Water Systems by Volume, Deschutes County
City
Bend
Redmond
Sisters
SOURCE:
Number of
Connections
Maximum
Month
Minimum
Month
Total Fiscal
Year 1963-64 thousands of gallons
Use per
Customer
Per Year
4,387
1,281
252
243,813
90,030
(Unmetered
56,337
21,976
1,545,644
543,389
352
424
Bureau of Municipal Research and Service, University of Oregon.
- 76 -

PUBLIC FINANCE
Table
91.
Summary of Assessment Rolls for 1971-72
Fiscal Year Real Property,
Personal Property and Utilities, Deschutes County
Item
Class
Real Property
Lands inside corporate limits
Lands outside corporate limits
Improvements inside corporate limits
Improvements outside corporate limits
Timber (excludes land)
Less veterans' exemptions
Less senior citizens residence exemptions
Taxable real property
Personal property
Merchandise and stock in trade
Furniture fixtures and equipment
Farm machinery and equipment
Other machinery and equipment
Livestock
Mis cellaneous
Less veterans' exemptions
Less senior citizens residence exemptions
Taxable personal property
Total taxable real and personal property
Utilities
Airline companies
Electric companies
Express companies
Gas companies
Heating companies
Pipeline companies
Railroad companies
Tank and private car companies
Telegraph companies
Telephone companies
Water companies
Water transportation companies
Taxable utility property
Total taxable real, personal and utility property
Assessed
Value
$
24,782,770
81,615,725
75,310,335
71,918,405
(-3,209 ,830)
(-1,572,625)
.248,844,7 80
14,198,382
2,084,019
1,978,092
8,809,379
2,249,996
861,545
(-85,693)
(-32,932)
30,062,788
278,907,568
31,900
12,457,572
12,455,247
5,112,195
409,856
9,200
9,190,033
681,700
40,347,703
Percent of
Total
7.80
25.56
23.59
22.53
(-1.01)
(- .49)
77.95
4.45
.65
.62
2.76
.70
.27
(- .03)
(- .01)
9.42
87.37
.01
3.9
3.9
1.6
.13
2.88
.21
12.64
319,255,271 100.01
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax
Rolls for the
1971-72
Fiscal Year and
1969-70 and
1970-71
Property
Tax Collections,
1972.
-
77 -

Table
92.
Summary of
1971-72
Property Tax Levies and Assessments,,
Deschutes County
Item Amount in Dollars
Levies
County
Cities
Community colleges
Elementary and Secondary School Districts
Intermediate county
Education joint
Elementary and unified
Union high
County unit
Total school districts
Special Districts
Cemetery
Fire protection
Hospital
Park and recreation
Port
Road
Sanitary
Water supply
Other
Total special districts
Total Gross Ad Valorem Levies
Special Assessments
Fire patrol
Forest fee
Diking and drainage
Irrigation
Lighting
Other
Total special assessments
Total Gross Levies and Assessments
Less Property Relief Money
Senior citizens
Game commission
Total Net Ad Valorem Levies
Net Ad Valorem Taxes by Class
Real property
Personal property
Utility property
$
683,434
770,410
471,665
904,828
5,162,640
15,793
6,083,261
135,850
86,737
222,587
8,231,357
28,089
816
7,304
16,491
2,994,969
(-44,747)
8486,610
6,410,094
802,674
973,843
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax
Rolls for the 1971-72
Fiscal Year and
1969-70 and
1970-71
Property
Tax Collections,
1972.

Table 93.
City Valuation, Tax Rates and Taxes Extended in Deschutes County
Item Bend Redmond Sisters f
Population
Code Area 1/
Assessed Value
Assigned Ratio
Rate/$l,000 by levying unit
County
City
School
Other
Total
City Tax
Consolidated Tax
14,134
1-1
$92,125,533
100.00%
2.13
6.59
20.42
.00
29.14
$607,107
$2,684,538
3,800
2-1
$31,765,855
100.00%
2.13
4.85
21.56
1.23
29.77
$154,064
$945,670
600
6-1
$2,199,707
100.00%
2.13
4.20
18.06
.00
24.39
$9,239
$53,651
1/ Code areas are assessors' divisions which cover all or part of a city.
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax
Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property
Tax Collections, 1972.
Table 94.
Per Capita City Taxes and Valuation Percentage Distribution of
Consolidated Rates and Dollars Per Thousand Rates on True Cash Value in Deschutes County
I tern
Bend Redmond Sisters
True Cash Value (T.C.V.).
Per Capita True Cash Value
Per Capita Tax
City
Consolidated
Percentage of Total Levy
County
City
School
Other
Average Rate/$TCV Basis
County
City
School
Other
Total
$92,125,533
6,518
43
190
7.3
22.6
70.1
0
2.13
6.59
20.42
.00
29.14
$31,765,855
8,359
41
249
7.2
16.3
72.4
4.1
2.13
4.85
21.56
1.23
29.77
$2,199,707
3,666
15
89
8.7
17.2
74.0
0
2.13
4.20
18.06
.00
24.39
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax
Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property
Tax Collections, 1972.
- 79 -

Table 95.
Deschutcs County Receipts, 1969
Revenue Source Amount in Dollars
State Government
Liquor.
Highway.
Gas Tax Refund
Vocational Rehabilitation
Electric Co-op Tax
County Fair Apportionment
Cigarette Tax
Surplus Foods Program
Mental Health Grants
Miscellaneous and other
Total
$ 42,717
323,849
4,113
38,699
6,317
21,317
42,799
7,317
12,414
15,687
515,229
Federal Government
National Forest Receipts
Taylor Grazing Receipts
5% Land Sales
Health Department
Civil Defense Disaster Grants
Miscellaneous and other
Total
$389,220
1,241
3,172
29,523
11,590
35
434,781
Local Sources
Health Department Fees
Fees and Permits
Fines, Court Costs
Mental Health Clinics
Law and Public Libraries
Interest Income ....
Sales, Rental of Public Property
Receipts from other local government
Total
$
6,038
45,678
46,911
2,542
5,841
41,038
64,904
42,890
962,360
SOURCE: Bureau of Governmental Research and Service, Revenue Sources of
Oregon Counties, Fiscal Year 1968-1969, InformationBulletin No. 162,
School of Community Service and Public Affairs, University of Oregon
- 80 -

Table 96.
Amount and Percent of Unpaid Property Tax, Deschutes County, 1971
I tern
Total
Amount
Amount
Un eaid
Percent of Unsaid
Property Taxable
Real
Personal
Public Utilities
$5,829,845
768,153
861,588
$
996,650
134,031
19,735
17.1
17.4
2.3
Western Oregon additional timber tax
Yield tax
Total
SOURCE:
$7,459,586 $1,150,416 15.4
Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax
Rolls for the 1971-72
Fiscal Year and
1969-70 and
1970-71
Property
Tax Collections, 1972.

Selected List of Agencies
The following list gives names and addresses of agencies that have served as data sources for this publication and may provide further or more current data on subjects of interest.
In addition, a number of local and county offices are available to offer local information and assistance, including:
Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation
Assessor
City Library
Corrections and Parole
County Engineer
County Extension
County Surveyor
Employment Division
Game Commission
Health Department
Public Welfare
Soil Conservation Service
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, University of Oregon, Eugene,
Oregon 97403
Center for Population Research and Census, Portland State University,
724 S.W. Harrison, Portland, Oregon 97201
Children Services Division, Oregon State Department of Human Resources,
Public Services Building, Salem, Oreogn 97310
Department of Environmental Quality, 1234 S.W. Morrison, Portland, Oregon
97204
7
8
6
Economic Research Service, U.S.D.A. Extension Hall, Oregon State University,
Corvallis, Oreogn 97331
Extension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Fish Commission of Oregon, 1400 S W 5th St , Portland, Oregon 97201
4-H Youth Office, Extension Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
Oregon 97331
Forest Service, U.S.D.A., 319 S.W. Pine St., Portland, Oregon 97204
Governor's Office, Economic Development Special Projects, State Capitol
Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
- 82 -

14
28
Local Government Relations Division, Oregon Executive Department,
240 Cottage SE., Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Allen Hall, University of Oregon,
Eugene, Oregon 97403
Oregon Board of Higher Education, School Finance and Statistical
Services, 942 Lancaster Dr N E
,
Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 1400 S W 5th St
Portland, Oregon 97201
Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, 4263 Commercial S.E., Salem,
Oregon 97310
Oregon State Department of Revenue, State Office Building, Salem, Oregon
9 7310
Oregon State Employment Division, Community Manpower, Research and
Statistics, or Rural Manpower sections, Lab
Oregon 97310
Oregon State Game Commission, 1634 Alder, Portland, Oregon 97214
Oregon State Health Division, Department of Human Resources, 1400 S.W.
5th, Portland, Oregon 97201
Oregon State Highway Division, State Parks and Recreation Section, 8009
E. Burnside, Portland, Oregon 97215
Oregon State Lands Division, 502 Winter N.E., Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Library, State Library Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Public Welfare Division, Department of Human Resources,
Public Services Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Forest
Service, 809 N.E. 6th St., Portland, Oregon 97232
Secretary of State's Office, State Capitol Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Soil Conservation Service, U.S.D.A., 1218 S.W. Washington, Portland,
Oregon 97205
State Water Resources Board, 1158 Chemeketa N.E., Salem, Oregon 97310
U S Department of Commerce, 921 S W Washington, Portland, Oregon 97204
(for copies of U.S. Census publications)

Selected Bibliography
4
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic
1972, University of Oregon,
1972.
Statistics
Carolan, W.B., Jr., Federal Land Oregon, Oregon State University,
1963.
Center for Population Research and Census, Population
Estimates of Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University,
July 1972.
Office of the Governor,
Planning Division, Health Facts,
1969.
Oregon Association of
Broadcasters, Directory of Radio and Television
Stations for the State of
Oregon, 1972.
Oregon Board of Higher Education, 1969 School Directory
School-Community College Directory, and 1971-72 Oregon
School Finance and Statistical
Services.
Oregon Conservation Needs
Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil
Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Conservation
Conservation Service, 1971.
Oregon Department of Planning and Development, Resources
1964.
for Development,
Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, Past Secondary Enrollment
Oregon, 1972.
in
Oregon State Board of
Bulletin P-3, 1961.
Census, Components of Population Growth, Population
Oregon State Board of Health, Oregon Plan for ization of Hospitals,
Annual Revision, Health Facility Planning and
Construction and Modern-
Public Health Centers and Medical Facilities, 1971
Construction Section, 1971.
Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic Development
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers
- 1970.
Division,
Oregon State Department of Employment, 1965 Oregon Farm Labor
Report, 1966.
Oregon State Department of Environmental Quality,
In Oregon, Oregon Sanitary
Authority, 1970.
Water Quality Control
Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with
Oregon Timber Industries,
U.S. Forest Service,
1968, Wood Consumption and Mill Characteristics,
1968.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Children
Adolescent Population and
Services Division,
Commitment Data by County, by Calendar Year
1967-1970.
- 84 -

Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Labor
Force and Employment in Oregon by County 1968 through 1971 publications,
Research and Statistics Section.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, 1971
Annual Rural Manpower Report, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Oregon.
Covered Employment and Payrolls, 1970 and 1971, Summary Data, Research and Statistics Section, 1971, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon Public Welfare Division,
Public Welfare in Oregon, October 1970, December 1970, May 1972, and
August 1972 editions.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division,
Implementation and Enforcement Plan for the Public Waters of the State.
of Oregon, Oregon Sanitary Authority, 1967.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division,
Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital Statistics Section, 1971.
Oregon State Department of Revenue, First Biennial Report 1968-70.
Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property Tax Collections,
1972.
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division, "Day
Visitor Attendance", State Parks and Recreation Section, 1972..
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division, "Overnight Camping by the Public", State Parks and Recreation Section, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division, "The
State Park Visitor in Oregon", State Parks and Recreation Division.
Oregon State Executive Department, Clay Meyers, Secretary of State,
Oregon Blue Book, 1971-72, January 1971.
Oregon State Executive Department, Local Government Relations Division,
District Facts, 1970.
Oregon State Fisheries Commission, 1968 and 1971 Annual Reports
Oregon State Game Commission, 1968 and 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State
Game Commission.
Oregon State Game Commission, "Oregon State Game Commission Bulletin",
May 1972.
Oregon State Lands Division, Inventory of State-Owned Real Property,
By County, 1970.

Oregon State Library, Directory of Oregon Libraries, annuai statistics for the year ending June 30, 1970.
Oregon State University Extension Service, Agriculture in Oregon Counties-
Farm Sales and General Characteristics, Special Report 330, Oregon State
University, 1971.
Oregon State University Extension Service, Income and Poverty Data for
Racial Groups: A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions, Special
Report 367, Oregon State University, 1972.
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1968.
State Water Resources Board, River Basin Reports.
State Water Resources Board, U.S.D.A. River Basin Reports on Water and Related Land Resources, 1962.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1 Area
ReRort, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1972.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Retail Trade: Oregon,
BC 67 - RA 39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Wholesale Trade:
Oregon, BC 67 - WA 39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. 4, No. 5:
Compendium of Government Finances, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. 3, No. 2:
Compendium of Public Employment, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing
Characteristics, Final Report HC(l) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
US. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufacturers, 1967, Area Services:
Oregon, MC 67(3) - 38, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1970.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population, General Demographic
Trends for Metropolitan Areas, 1960 to 1970, Final Report PHC (2) - 39,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.D., 1971.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Population
Characteristics, Final Report PC(l) - B39 Oregon, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
- 86 -

51
54
55
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Census of Population: and Economic Characteristics,
Final Report PC(l)
Government Printing Office,
Washington, D C
,
1970 General Social
- C39 Oregon, U.S.
1972
U.S.D.A. and Oregon State University Extension Service
"Oregon Commodity
Data Sheets", Oregon State cooperating,
University, 1971-72.
U S
Department of Commerce, Weather
Climate, Supplement for 1951
Bureau, Decennial Census of U S through 1960, Oregon No. 86-31,
1965.
U.S. Forest Service, Forest statistics publications for various Oregon regions, Resource Bulletin PNW-24,
Pacific Northwest Experiment Station
U.S. Forest Service, "1970
Resource Bulletin PNW-38,
Timber Harvest", U.S.D.A.
Forest Service
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment
Station, 1971.
U S
Soil Conservation Service,
Soil Survey Reports
U 5
Department of Commerce, National tration, Environmental Data
Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
Service, Climatological Data, Annual Summary
1971, Vol. 77, No. 13.
- 87 -

I
Extension Service, Oregon Stat.IinPiemity CorvaUls, Josepl H. Cox, director This pnre and distributed hi furtherance of the Acts of Congreec of May 8 and June O, 1914. Extension work I..
coopsra$ve program ci Oregon State University, thoU. S. Deportment ci Agricuftixe, and Oregon cowdies.