liNE 1974
L24JtQOj344t4ZV

Columbia County, Oregon
RESOURCE
ATLAS
NATURAL
HUMAN
ECONOMIC
PUBLIC
June 1974
Oregon State University Extension Service
Prepared by Marilyn Ruttle, Research Assistant
Under the supervision of Robert 0. Coppedge,
Extension Economist, and Russell C. Youmans,
Extension Resource Economist,
Department of Agricultural Economics
Department of
For sale by the Extension Business Office, Extension
Oregon State ilniversity, Corvallis, Oregon 97331.
Hall 118,
$2.50 per copy.

Contents
General Description
Physical Aspects
Climate
Soils
Soil Characteristics and Land Capability
Land Use and Ownership
Agricultural Land
Forest Land
Water
Minerals
Wildlife
Human Resources
Population
Employment
Income
Education
Health and Vital Statistics
Public Welfare
Housing
The County's Economy
Agriculture
Logging and Wood Products
Manufacturing
Mining - Mineral and Metal Industries
Outdoor Recreation
Business
Public Services
Transportation
Communication
Library Facilities
Utilities
Public Finance
Selected List of Agencies
Selected Bibliography
Page
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C 0 U NTY
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COUNTY ROADS

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Lt. William Broughton of the British Royal Navy in 1792 was the first white man to have sailed along Columbia County's borders.
Lewis and Clark passed through the area in 1805 on their way to the Pacific
Ocean.
During the next three decades, many sailing ships entered the
Columbia River to trade with Oregon Indians.
A lumber mill was established in the St. Helens area in 1844, and the first townsite was started in 1847 and grew with a heavy influx of settlers in the early fifties.
As a port for the Pacific Mail Lines, St. Helens flourished, rivaling nearby Portland.
Columbia County was created on January 16, 1854, from a section of Washington County.
St. Helens became the county seat.
The county is located in the northwestern part of the State of Oregon.
The northern and eastern boundaries of the county are formed by the Columbia River; on the west the county is bordered by Clatsop County, and in the south it is bordered by Washington and Multnomah counties.
The total land area of Columbia County numbers 676 square miles or 409,216 acres, and thus ranks 34th in size or third smallest county in the state.
Some general facts about the county are listed below: 1/
County Seat: St. Helens Area: 676 square miles
409,216 acres
True Cash Value: $321,695,323
(1972)
Population: 30,070
(July, 1972)
Average Tempteraures:
Summer - 62.4
Winter - 40.6
°
F
F
Elevation at St. Helens: 42 feet
Principal industries:
Agriculture, Lumbering,
Industry, Fishing
1/ Oregon State Executive Department, Clay Myers, Secretary of State,
Oregon Blue Book, 1973-74, January, 1973.

PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Columbia County lies west of the northward extension of the Willamette Valley and within the Coast Range.
The range has, however, become less well-defined than farther south and consists in Columbia County of two hillyridges separated by a hilly lowland belt.
These main physiographic features extend across the county from south to north, becoming lower in the north.
The hilly ridge between the lowlands of the Nehalem River
Valley and the Columbia River Valley is an extension of the hills west of Portland.
It increases in elevation northward, reaching a maximum elevation of about 2,000 feet in the southern part of Columbia County.
From there northward its elevation decreases, until it is merely a broad irregular hilly ridge sloping gradually to the low hilly belt along the Columbia River on the east and to the hilly lowland on the west.
The western hilly ridge constitutes the northward extension of the Coast
Range proper.
It is higher than the eastern ridge, but, like the latter is moderately broad, sloping eastward and westward as hilly slopes to the hilly lowland on the east and to the hilly coast lands on the west.
The greater part of the county has low mountains and hilly relief.
The range in elevation for the county as a whole is from 20 feet above sea level along the Columbia River to 2,500 feet in the western part of the county.
Climate
Columbia County has a temperate maritime climate with dry, moderately warm summers and wet, mild winters.
Average annual precipitation in the county is slightly less than 50 inches; precipitation at specific points varying from this value according to topography.
The temperature mean at Clatskanie is 51 degrees Fahrenheit, with an absolute maximum of 103 degrees Fahrenheit and a minimum of 2 degrees Fahrenheit.
Annual snowfall at Clatskanie averages 14 inches, but more snow falls in the upper elevations.
Table 1.
Weather Stations, Elevation and Years of Record, Columbia County
Station Elevation in Feet Years of Record
Goble 6SW
Clatskanie 3W
Vernonia
Vernoni.a
Vernonia
Warren
Warren
493
80
744
840
805
58
82
4
1
4
6
1/
1/
5
1/ Stations established prior to 1951.
SOURCE:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S.
Climate, Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No. 86-31, 1965.
-2-

Table 2.
Temperature and Precipitation, By Month, 1951-1960 Averages
Station Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June JulyAug. SePj Oct.j
Nov. Dec.
Annual
Average
Temperature degrees Farenheit
Clatskanie 3W
Vernonia
Warren
38.5 41.2 43.1 49.3 54.8 58.7 63.4 63.1 60.6 53.1 43.9 40.3
37.1 39.9 41.2 47.2 52.9 56.7 61.9 61.2 58.7 51.3 42.6 39.2
38.3 41.8 44.1 50.3 56.2 60.4 65.9 64.9 61.9 53.9 44.2 40.0
50.8
49.2
51.8
Total
Precipitation
Cia t skani e
Warren
SOURCE: inches
15.2 9.6
10.3
5.4
3.8
3.5
1.0
1.6
3.2
8.0
9.7 12.6
8.4 5.5
4.5
2.6
2.3
1.7
.4
1.0
1.5
4.2
6.2
6.9
U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S. Climate,
Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No. 86-31, 1965.
83.9
45.3
The following table indicates the average daily high and low temperature for each month over the years 1951-1960.
The minimum temperature is usually considered a night-time figure.
Table 3.
Mean Daily Maximum and Minimum Temperatures, by Month, 1951-1960 Averages
Station
Mean Daily
Maximum Temp.
Clatskanie
Vernonia 1/
Warren
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May June
Sep.
Oct.
Nov. Dec.
Annual degrees Farenheit
43.3 47.6 51.0 59.1 64.9 67.7 74.0 73.0 71.0 61.4 50.2 45.3
43.4 48.1 51.3 59.9 66.3 69.2 77.2 75.8 73.8 63.5 52.0 46.1
44.5 49.6 53.5 62.0 68.1 71.9 80.2 78.7 75.3 64.8 53.2 46.8
59.0
60.6
62.4
Mean Daily
Minimum Temp.
Clatskanie
Vernonia 1/
Warren
degrees Farenheit
33.6 34.7 35.2 39.5 44.6 49.6 52.9 53.1 50.1 44.8 37.6 35.3
30.7 31.5 31.1 34.6 39.3 44.2 46.5 46.5 43.6 39.0 33.2 32.2
32.1 33.8 34.6 38.5 44.2 48.9 51.6 51.3 48.5 42.9 35.3 33.3
1/ Less than the ten-year average.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S. Climate,
Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No. 86-31, 1965.
42.6
37.7
41.3
-3-

Table 4.
Freeze Data for Columbia County, 1951-1960
Station
Mean Number of Days with Temperature of
320
F. or Below
Jan. Feb.J Mar. Apr. May June July JAug. Sep. Oct. JNov. Dec.1
Annual
Clatskanie 3W
Vernonia
Warren
13
17
14
11
17
11
11
18
11
3
12
4
1/
1
0
1/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
7
2
8
14
10
9
16
13
56
106
66
1/ Less than .5 days.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S. Climate,
Supplement for 1951 through 1960, Oregon No. 86-31, 1965.
For more recent climatological data on Columbia County see U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data Service, Climatological Data, Annual Summary, 1971,
Vol. 77, Nov. 13, 1971.
Soils
A soil survey of Columbia County was made in 1929 by the U.S. Bureau of
Chemistry and Soils.
This report covered the total land area of the county.
The following discussion is based upon that soil survey.
A table giving acreage of the various soils is given at the end of this section.
Soil of the Olympic series is one of the most extensive and highly developed soils of the county.
It occurs mainly in the northern and eastern parts, large areas lying west of Scappoose, and Yankton, and between
Apiary and Clatskanie.
This soil occupies the smooth or moderately smooth foothills of the coast range.
However, it should be noted that much of the area classified as Rough Mountainous Land actually consists mainly of Olympic soils.
This soil is one of the most important agricultural soils, and yields very good returns with proper management.
The Cascade soil is found on a rolling or hilly surface relief, some areas being almost too rough for agricultural purposes.
It is located mainly in the eastern and northern parts of the county, occupying the lower foothills of the Coast Range and extending from 3 to 6 miles inland from the Columbia River.
The main body of this soil is found in the strip between Columbia City and Bradbury.
Soils of the Cascade series are moderately fertile, and 'ie1ds can be improved with good management practices.
Soils of the Aiken series occur only in the eastern part of the county, mainly in the vicinity of Trenholm.
Even though this soil is highly fertile it is rarely used agriculturally due to the difficulty of access and costs of clearing.
-4-

The surface relief of the Powell series is smooth, and it is slightly undulating or rolling on the higher bench land.
Powell soils are found mostly between the southern county line and St. Helens.
Other isolated small areas are located in every part of the county.
Powell soils are among the very best soils for agricultural use, and most of the soil areas are under cultivation.
The surface relief of Melbourne soils is rolling or hilly, with many areas broken and unfavorably cut up for agricultural purposes.
The main areas of Melbourne soil are found in the southwestern part along the Nehalem River, particularly south of Mist and around Vernonia.
Only a small percentage of this soil is farmed, because much of the land is comparatively inaccessible.
The Carlton soil occupies gently sloping or gently rolling areas immediately above the river bottom.
It occurs mainly along the Nehalem
River and Deep Creek in the western and southwestern part of the county, but also covers other small areas in other parts.
This soil is only moderately productive but can be improved by management practices.
The surface relief of the Willamette series is smooth or gently rolling, and this feature, together with the favorable position of the land with respect to streams, insures excellent surface drainage, and the permeable subsoil insures sufficiently rapid drainage for good crop production.
With the exception of a few small isolated areas, this soil occurs only in the extreme southeastern part of the county, on the higher terraces or bench land, at elevations ranging from 75 to 300 feet above the Columbia River.
This soil, while occupying 4,672 acres or 1.1 percent of the total county land area, is one of the most important agricultural soils in
Columbia County.
It is considered one of the most desirable soils for farm crops, and gives very good returns with proper management.
The surface relief of the Viola series ranges from gently sloping to steep.
This soil occurs at the bases of hills occupied by areas of the
Melbourne and Cascade soils or around the heads of streams where seepage water finds an outlet.
Although the hillside areas have sufficient surface drainage, subdrainage is restricted by the very heavy compact impervious subsoil present where the soil is fully developed.
This soil occurs in many separated small tracts in all parts of the county.
Due to the irrigation problems, Viola soils are not very desirable for agricultural purposes.
The Holcomb soil, for the most part, occupies level or gently sloping areas on the old valley terraces.
It covers small areas, generally either in the Nehalem Valley or just southwest of St. Helens.
With proper management, this soil yields good returns.
-5-

The surface relief of Sifton soil is sm000th and level or slightly undulating.
The main body of this soil is located around Scappoose and northeast of the town.
The problem which limits full agricultural use is the soil's low water-holding capacity.
The largest area of Salem soil occupies a flat bench or terrace about
50 feet above the river level.
The relief is smooth or gently undulating, and the soil is well-drained and of fairly good moisture-holding capacity.
The largest body is a narrrow strip between Columbia City and Deer Island.
This soil is very productive and yields good returns.
Due to the location along the Columbia River Highway, it is used mostly for garden plots and truck crops.
Soils of the Sauvie series occupy about 27,000 acres in the county, and generally are quite productive agriculturally.
The biggest management problems are poor drainage, high water-table, flooding, or other waterassociated problems.
Where these problems do not occur or are alleviated, the yields obtained may be quite high.
The Chehalis soil occupies first bottoms along the rivers and streams, except the Columbia River, but is generally above normal high water.
It is one of the most desirable agricultural soils and yields very good returns.
Peat series surface soil consists typically of brown or dark-brown very highly fibrous undecomposed material containing very small quantities of mineral matter.
The degree of decomposition increases with increasing depth.
The sub-stratum, below a depth of about 60 inches, consists of heavy clay loam composed mainly of mineral matter mixed with some organic material and, in many locations, fibrous raw peat 10 feet or more thick.
Peat soils occur principally in the extreme north-western part of the county.
Inaccessibility is a problem which prevents otherwise profitable agricultural use.
The Wapato series is a rich alluvial soil which occupies the lower positions bordering many creeks and streams, excluding the Columbia River.
It may be subject to flooding, and natural drainage may be restricted due to the high clay content.
Where drainage improvements are successful, this soil can yield good returns, mostly for pasture.
The Columbia series surface soil consists typically of an 8 inch layer of brown or grayish-brown fine sand or very fine sand.
The underlying material consists piedaninately of grayish-brown fine sand or medium sand but includes various textured stratified sediments, without regular order of occurence.
This soil is confined to areas on islands in the
Columbia River or parts of the river banks.
Due to widespread yearly flooding and the low agricultural productivity of sand, this soil is not very desirable for agricultural production other than for pasture.
The surface relief of Newberg soils is slightly undulating and the soil occupies the fjrst bottoms adjacent to streams other than the Colurnbia River.
It is marked by low rounded ridges and intervening depressions, caused by shifting of the stream channel.
Due to its high natural fertility, excellent drainage, and adaptation to a wide range of crops, this soil is very desirable for agricultural production.
-6-

Although recognised as consisting mainly of Olympic soils, and undetermined areas of Aiken, Meibroune, Carlton, and Viola soils, areas of
Rough Mountainous Land were not mapped in detail, in the soil survey, due to the difficulty of access and the consequent expense involved.
The areas included are predominantly of rough broken and mountainous relief, uncleared of timber or of brush and stumps, and unused for agricultural purposes other than logging.
Almost 55 percent of the total county land area is included in this classification, which gives further evidence to the great importance of lumbering to the economy of Columbia
County.
Scab Land includes areas which have such a large propotion of basaltic rock outcrop, boulders, and shallow soil as to make them unfit for agricultural production.
It is interesting to note that this land is used mainly for residential purposes.
The communities of St. Helens, Goble, and Prescott are located almost exclusively on Scab Land, the city of
Rainier is built partly on Scab Land, and the suburban residential areas between
Clatskainie and Mayger are also found on Scab Land.
Table 5.
Acreages of Soil Series, Columbia County
Soil Series Acres Percent
Upland Soils
Olympic
Cascade
Aiken
Powell
Melbourne
Willamette
Viola
Holcomb
Si fton
Salem
55,360
27,584
14,592
8,576
8,000
7,488
4,672
2,944
2,112
1,600
1,536
13.1
6.5
3.5
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.1
.7
.5
.4
.3
Alluvial Soils
Sauvie
Chehalis
Peat
Wapato
Columbia
Newb erg
27,008
10,560
6,720
4,288
3,008
1,216
6.4
2.6
1.6
1.0
.7
.3
Miscellaneous Soils
Rough Mountainous Land
Scab Land
Total
SOURCE:
229,632
4,224
54.5
1.0
421,120 100.0
Soil Survey of Columbia County, U.S.D.A. Bureau of C1emistry and Soils, 1929.
-7-

Soil Characteristics and Land Capability
An interpretive grouping of soils into
"Land Capability Classification" has been developed by the Soil
Conservation Service.
This grouping shows, in general, how suitable soils are for most kinds of farming.
Soil characteristics such as depth, texture, wetness, slope, erosion hazard, overflow hazard, permeability, structure, reaction, waterholding capacity, inherent fertility and climatic conditions as they influence the use and management of land are considered in grouping the soil into eight land capability land has few hazards or limitations, whereas classes.
These eight classes are designated by Roman numerals.
The hazards and limitations of use of the groups increase as the class number increases.
Class I
Class VIII land is so limited that it is unfit for cultivation and grazing.
This land can be used only for recreation, wildlife habitat or water supply.
Table 6.
Land Area and Use of Inventory Acreage, Columbia County, 1967
Use
Acres
Inventory Acreage
Cropland
Pasture
Range
Forest and woodland
Other land
Total inventory acres
Percent of total land area in inventory
59,365
10,000
0
307,000
6,500
382,865
92.6
Non- Inventory Acreage
Federal land
Urban and built-up areas
Water areas
11,079
16,975
2,521
Total non-inventory acres
30,575
Total land area
SOURCE:
413,440
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water
Conservation Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil Conservation Service and OSU Extension Service, 1971.
-8-

Table 7.
Use of Inventory Acreage by Capability Class and Major Limitation
Columbia County, 1967
Capability Class and Limitation 1/ Cropland
Use in Acres
Pasture-Range Forest j
Other Total lv
S
V
VI
E vi'
E
VIII
I
II
C
III
E
W
S
IV
E
W
S
E
6,137
14,986
227
454
13,306
8,336
2,311
4,821
2,269
908
5,559
51
0
1,591
0
0
0
7,954
0
0
0
0
455
0
767
3,258
958
2,109
28,679
3,067
575
28,104
1,725
767
235,607
1,384
3,000
0
300
0
500
732
500
0
1,468
0
0
0
9,904
19,835
1,485
2,563
42,485
12,135
3,386
32,925
13,416
1,675
241,621
1,435
1/
Limitation code:
SOURCE:
E - main limitation is erosion
W - water in soil interferes with plant growth
S - soil is shallow, droughty, or stony
C - main limitation is climate - too cold or too dry.
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Conservation
Needs Inventory, U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service and Oregon State
University Extension Service, 1971.
Table 8.
Conservation Treatment Needs, Columbia County, 1967
Classification
Acreage
ALL CROPLAND
Cropland needing treatment
Type of treatment needed:
Residue cover
Sod in rotation
Drainage
Management
Permanent cover
Other
59,365
37,701
1,284
5,108
23,149
1,350
4,886
1,924
ALL PASTURE 10,000
Pasture needing treatment
Type of treatment needed:
Establishment of vegetation
2,273
1,364
Improvement of vegetation.
SOURCE:
909
Conservation
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water
OSU Extension Service,
Needs Inventory, U.S. Soil
Conservation Service
1971.
-9

Land Use and Ownership state.
Land use in Columbia County follows the general pattern for all of the
The greatest percentage of land (77 percent) is used for forests, with agriculture using 13 percent of the land.
The county is slightly more urbanized than the rest of the state, due to its proximity to
Portland.
Ninety percent of the land in the county is privately owned.
This is in contrast to the state as a whole, where only 44 percent of the total land area is privately owned.
The state owns 4 percent of the total land area of the county and local and Federal agencies own 3 percent, each.
The following tables give more detailed information on land ownership and use in the county.
Table 9.
Land Use and Ownership, Columbia County, 1964
Item
Columbia County
Acres Percent
State
Percent
Total land area
Land Use
Urban
Indus trial
Military
Intensive agriculture
Dryland farming
Forests
Parks
Conservation
Grazing
Non-productive land
Land Ownership
413,440
4,837
496
52,631
318,762
19,308
12,569
4,837
100.00
1.17
12
12.73
-
77.10
-
4.67
3.04
1.17
100.00
.49
16
10
6.52
3.33
44.84
. 32
2.25
41.50
.49
Total private land ownership.
Total public land ownership
Federal
State
Local
SOURCE:
375,004
38,436
11,936
16,170
10,330
90.7
9.3
2.9
3.9
2.5
44.2
55.8
51.8
2.9
1.1
Oregon Department of Planning and Development,
Resources for Development,
1964.
Table 10.
Land Area in Highways, Streets and Roads, Columbia County
Ownership
Columbia County
Acres Percent
State highways
County roads
City streets
TOTAL
SOURCE:
1,050
3,675
530
5,255
19.98
69.93
10.08
100.00
Oregon State Department of Revenue and Oregon State Highway Division, unpublished data.
- 10 -

Table 11.
Inventory of State-Owned Real Property, Columbia County, 1970
Agency Acres
Land
Value
Improv.
Value
Total
Value
Annual
Rental
Income
Dept. of Forestry 6,429.75
Game Commission
Oregon State U
6,626.38
2,400.00
Division of State
Lands
Military Dept
Highway Division
160.21
2.73
Parks
Office Main
35.44
4.40
Total
SOURCE:
$2,080,120 $103,550
1,934,590 57,050
14,400
-
100,000
25,500
6,196
9,389
-
170,500
-
26,784
$2,183,670
1,991,640
14,400
100,000
196,000
6,196
36,173
$ 804
525
5,000
15,658.91
$4,170,195 $357,884 $4,528,079 $6,329
Legislative Fiscal Committee, Inventory of State-Owned Real Property,
By County, Sec. 7, 115 State Capitol, Salem, Oregon, 1970.
Agricultural Land
The number of acres in farms is decreasing in Columbia County, as it is in most areas of the U.S.
Due to increased yields per acre and increasing urbanization in the county this trend will undoubtedly continue.
In 1969, 75,000 acres of the 410,000 total acres in the county were used for farming.
Fourteen thousand acres of this was harvested cropland,
13,000 acres were in pasture, and 37,000 acres were forested pasture lands.
Table 12.
Land in Farms, Columbia County, 1964 and 1969
Item Acres
1964
Percent Acres
19 9
Percent
Total land area 408,965 100.00
409,216 100.00
Proportion in farms 23.2
18.2
Acres in farms 94,988 100.00
74,496 100.00
Cropland harvested 18,645 19.62
14,563 19.54
Cropland pasture 14,522 15.28
13,326 17.88
Other cropland 1,885 1.98
1,337 1.79
Woodland in woodland pasture 37,736 39.72
31,370 42.10
Other land 22,182 23.35
13,900 18.65
Irrigated land
SOURCE:
2;539 2.67
6,244 8.38
U.S. Bureau of the Census Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969, Vol. 1,
Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1967, 1972.

Forest Land
Over 80 percent of the total land area of Columbia County is in forest land.
Ninety-seven percent of the forest land is commercial forest land, with only seven percent non-productive.
As a result of this large percentage of productive forest land, the forest industry is very important to the economy of Columbia County.
Table 13.
Forest Acreage, Ownership and Use, Columbia County, 1963
I tern Acres Percent
LAND
Total land
Forest land
Commercial
Unproductive
Productive-reserved
OWNERSHIP
All ownerships
National forest
Other public
Forest industry
Farmer and misc, private
SOURCE:
413,000
343,000
336,000
7,000
336,000
19,000
195,000
122,000
100.00
83.05
81.35
1.69
100.00
5.65
58.03
36.30
U.S. Forest Service, Forest Statistics for Northwest Oregon, Resource
Bulletin PNW-7, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
Table 14.
Volume of All Growing Stock and Sawtimber by Ownership,
Columbia County, 1963
Ownership
Total Commercial
Growing Stock
Total Commercial
Sawtimber million cubic ft.
Percent million board ft. 1/ Percent
National forest
Other public
Forest industry
Farmer and miscellaneous private
54
423
6.80
53.27
67
1,506
2.46
55.38
317
39 .92
1,146 42. 14
Total
794 100.00
2,719 100.00
1/ International
SOURCE: inch rule, not reported in Scribner log rule.
U.S. Forest Service, Forest Statistics for Northwest Oregon, Resource
Bulletin PNW-7, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
- 12 -

Table 15.
Volume of All Growing Stock and Sawtimber on Commercial Forest Land, by Species, Columbia County
Total Commercial
Growing Stock
Total Commercial
Sawt imber
Species million cubic ft.
percent million board ft.
percent
/
Softwoods
Douglas - fir
Western hemlock
Western red cedar
571
492
23
56
71.91
61.96
2.89
7.05
1,491
1,303
84
104
70.33
61.46
3.96
4.90
Hardwoods
Red alder
Big. leaf maple
Other
223
201
20
2
28.08
25.31
2.51
.25
629
514
115
29.66
24.24
5.42
All species 794 100.00
2,120 100.00
1/
Scribner log rule.
SOURCE:
U.S. Forest Service, Forest Statistics for Northwest Oregon, Resource
Bulletin PNW-7, Pacific Northwest Range and Forest
Experiment Station,
1964.
Water
Of the 688 square miles of Columbia County, 543 square miles or
78.9 percent are located within the North Coast Basin.
The remaining
21.1 percent are classified as belonging to the Lower Willamette River
Basin; this area consists mainly of the Milton and Scappoose
Creek waterof which sheds.
The North Coast Basin is divided into three sub-basins, two are partly located in Columbia County.
They are the Nehalem Sub-
Basin consisting of the south-western part of the county, and the
Columbia Sub-Basin, which includes those rivers and creeks which drain into the Columbia River.
Both of these sub-basins have almost equal
The following will discuss each of these subareas in Columbia County.
basins and watersheds in turn.
The Columbia County part of the Columbia sub-basin extends from the city of St. Helens to the north-western county boundary.
It is located between the Columbia River and the north-eastern boundary of the Nehalem
Sub-Basin.
Major stream systems are: the Clatskanie River, with a river length of 27 miles and an average gradient of 47 feet/mile, and the
Beaver Creek, with a river length of 21 miles and a gradient of 29 feet!
mile.
The Clatskanie River system has a drainage area of 96 square miles with an average yield of 144,400 acre-feet for the years of record,
1933-1958.
The year of highest yield on record was 1956 with about
230,000 acre-feet, and the low was 1941 with 90,000 acre-feet.
Yield data for the other streams is not available.
- 13 -

Peak flows occur during December, January, and February, reflecting the heavy rainfall of those months.
Snowfall is not sufficient to materially affect the spring runoffs, and ground water storage is slight.
Therefore, the streams reach very low flows during July, August, and
September.
The Nehalem sub-basin includes the south-western part of the county and consists of the Nehalem River and its tributaries.
The Nehalem River forms a counter-clockwise spiral, entering the county at a point about seven miles southwest of Vernonia, and leaving the county at a point about 10 miles north-west of Vernonia.
The Nehalem River has about 40 miles of its mainstem located within
Columbia County.
In this section the mainstem has an average gradient of about five feet per mile.
About 16 miles of Rock Creek, a major tributary, is located in Columbia County.
Rock Creek has a total length of 28 miles with an average gradient of 40 feet/mile.
Yield data on the Nehalem River for this section is not available.
Data for Rock Creek shows an average yield of 249,000 acre-feet, with a high in 1956 of 490,000 acre-feet, and a low in 1941 of about 110,000 acre-feet.
Streamflows are highly variable between seasons, with very low runoff throughout the summer months.
Snowfall generally is not sufficient to have a material effect on spring and sunmier runoff.
There are two very small areas of the county located in the Tualatin sub-basin.
Their combined area probably does not exceed one percent of the total county land area.
Two watersheds of the Columbia sub-basin of the Lower Willamette
River Basin are located in Columbia County; they are the Milton Creek watershed with a total area of 22,100 acres, and Scappoose Creek watershed with 52,400 acres.
There is no yield data available for either of these two stream systems.
Recent data on municipal water supplies is not available for Columbia County.
However, in 1961 all of the reported water supplies were adequate for the area served and were properly treated.
Table 16.
Columbia County Municipal Water Supplies
City Population 1961 Water Source
Treatment *
J
Vernonia
Vernonia-Riverview
Clatskanie
Columbia City
Prescott
Rainier
St. Helens
1,700
200
NA
400
NA
NA
NA
Stream
Stream
Stream
Well
Streams
Stream
Well
A,B,C,D
A
A
A
A
A
*
A - Chlorination C - Sedimentation
B - Chemical flocculation
SOURCE:
D - Filtration NA - Not available
State Water Resources Board, North Coast Basin Report, June 1961.
- 14 -

Table 17.
Sewage Treatment Plants, Columbia County, 1973
Location
Year
Built Type
/
Design
Population
Design
Flow
(MCD)
Population
Served
Receiving
Stream
Vernoni a
Saint Helens
Sauvies Island
Moorage
Scappoose
1961
1959-1971
1971
1972
L
A(L)
AD
NA
1,710
10,000
75
NA
.200
2.2
.00075
NA
900
6,210
85
NA
Nehalem R.
Columbia R.
Multnomah Channel
NA
NA - not available.
1/ L - lagoon
AD - aerobic disgestion
A(L) - aerated lagoon
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Control, unpublished data from Portland office.
Minerals
Minerals of economic importance in Columbia County are limited to some shale deposits south of Vernonia and the sand and gravel located along main stream beds.
Actual mining in the county varies with construction needs in the county area.
Wildlife
There are some deer and elk in Columbia County, but exact data on numbers of wildlife population is not available.
Data on wildlife population is not available.
Data on wildlife is reported by Big Game Management Units, not by counties.
There are two such units which include area within Columbia County: the Clatsop Unit, which includes most of
Clatsop County and the western part of Columbia County, and the Scappoose
Unit, which includes the area between the crest of the Coast Range and the Columbia River, near Mayger, south to Portland.
The following table indicates population trends for big game in those two management units.
Table 18.
Big Game Animal Population Trends, Columbia County
Game
Management Unit
Miles
Traveled
Animals
Observed
1971
Animals per Mile
1971 1970 5 yr. average *
Black-tailed deer
Scappoose
Clatsop
Roosevelt Elk
Clatsop
Scappoose
149
83
24
6
189
172
535
9
1.4
2.1
22.3
1.5
1.0
1.5
17.5
1.2
1.0
2.0
17.0
*
5 year average - 1966-1970
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State Game
Commission.
- 15 -

HUMAN RESOURCES
Population
The population of Columbia County in 1972 was estimated at 30,070, or about 44.5 persons per square mile.
Slightly more than 20 percent of the population live in urban areas, about 12 percent live on farms, and the remaining two-thirds make up the rural non-farm population.
Table 19.
Number of Persons by Racial Group, Columbia County, 1970
Racial Group
Number of Persons
Total
Caucas Ian
Spanish Language
Black
American Indian
Other
28,790
28,157
429
7
88
109
SOURCE: V.lde
Gary R., and Robert 0. Coppedge, Income and Poverty Data for
Racial Groups
A Comyilation for Oregon Census County Divisions,
Special Report 367, Oregon State University Extension Service,
Corvallis, Oregon, 1972.
Table 20.
Columbia and Bordering Counties, Population and Rank Order in Oregon, 1960 and 1972
County
Rank
1960
Population Rank
1972
Population
COLUMBI A
Clatsop
Multnomah
Washington
SOURCE:
20
15
1
5
22,379
27,380
522,813
92,237
17
18
1
3
30,070
28,800
560,000
178,300
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population:
1960 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1) - C39, Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of
Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University,
July, 1972.
- 16 -

Table 21.
Land Area and Population Density, Columbia County,
1950, 1960, 1970
County and State Land Area
Population Density
1950 1960 1970 square miles
persons per sq.
mile -
State of Oregon
COLUMBI A
Clatsop
Multnomah
Washington
SOURCE:
96,248
646
820
424
716
15.8
35.6
27.5
1,112.1
85.6
18.4
34.6
33.4
1,233.0
128.8
21.7
44.6
34.7
1,308.1
220.5
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1950, 1960, and 1970
General Population Characteristics, Final Report, PC(l)-B39, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1951, 1961, and 1971.
Table 22.
Population Growth, Columbia County
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1965
1970
1972
SOURCE:
Year Population
Percent Increase or Decrease
Period Percent
I
10,580
13,960
20,047
20,971
22,967
22,379
24,300
28,790
30,070
1920-1920
1920-1930
1930-1940
1940-1950
1950-1960
1960-1965
1965-1970
1971-1972
31.9
43.6
4.6
9.5
-2.6
8.6
15.6
4.3
Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of
Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University,
1972.
Table 23.
Components of Change in Columbia County's Population, 1940-1970
Year Net Change
Natural
Increase
Net
Migration
1940- 1950
1950- 1960
1960- 1970
SOURCES:
1,996
-588
6,411
2,590
2,713
1,952
-594
-3,301
4,459
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population, General Demographic
Trends for Metropolitan Areas, 1960 to 1970, Final Report P1-IC (2)-
39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
Oregon State Board of Census, Components of Population Growth,
Population Bulletin, P-3, 1961.
- 17 -

Table 24.
Urban and Rural Population, Columbia County
Year Population
Urban
Percent Change
Rural
Population Percent Change
1950
1960
1970
SOURCE:
4,711
5,022
6,212
6.6
19.2
18,256
17,357
22,578
-4.9
23.1
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970
General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-B39, Oregon,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1961, 1971.
Table 25.
Population Estimates of Incorporated Cities, Columbia County,
Selected Years, 1960-1972
City and County 1960 1966 1971 1972
Cl at sk an i e
Columbia City
Prescott
Rainier
St. Helens
Sc appoo s e
Vernonia
Incorporated Area
Unincorporated Area
797
423
129
1,152
5,022
923
1,089
9,535
12,844
1,060
491
139
1,200
5,500
1,020
1,560
10,970
13,730
1,315
540
100
1,745
6,330
1,975
1,645
13,650
16,220
1,360
565
95
1,750
6,600
2,175
1,645
14,190
15,880
County total
SOURCE:
22,379 24,700 29,870 30,070
Center for Population Research and Census, Population Estimates of
Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University,
July, 1972.
The composition of Columbia County's population by age and sex is much the same as that of the State of Oregon.
About 40 percent of the county's population is under 20 years of age, 50 percent is in the 20 to
64 age group, and 10 percent are 65 years and older.
The median age in
Columbia County in 1970 was 28.6 years.
Composition by sex in the county shows 51 percent of the population males and 49 percent females.
- 18 -

Table 26.
Population by Age and Sex, Columbia County, 1960 and 1970
Age Group
Total population
Under 5
5-9
10-14
15-19....
20-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65 and over
Median age
SOURCE:
Male
1960 1970
I
11,431 14,570
1,183 1,281
1,341 1,597
1,203 1,658
860 1,400
409
1,138
1,408
811
1,698
1,617
1,413 1,626
1,106 1,419
1,390 1,463
31.8
28.0
Female
1960 1970
Total
1960 1970
Perc ent
1960 1970
10,948 1,232 22,379 28,790 100.0
100.0
1,111 1,372 2,294 2,513 10.2
8.7
1,188 1,550
1,183 1,279
2,529 2,969
2,386 3,208
11.3
10.7
10.3
11.1
792
516
921
1,763
1,223 1,628
1,435 1,598
1,342 1,637
998 1,355
1,160 1,513
1,652
925 1,732
2,341
2,843
2,755
2,104 2,774
2,550
2,679
3,461
3,215
3,263
2,976
7.4
4.1
10.5
12.7
12.3
9.4
11.4
9.3
6.0
12.0
11.2
11.3
9.6
10.3
31.0
29.2
31.4
28.6
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970 General
Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)-B39, Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1961, 1971.
Table 27.
Population of Selected Cities by Age and Sex, Columbia County
Age Group
Under
5
5-14
15-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65 and over
288
587
488
379
323
316
306
352
Male
St. Helens
288
558
516
368
314
354
333
442
Total population
Median age
SOURCE:
3,039
28.5
3,173
30.4
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970
General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-B39, Oregon,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1961, 1971.
Employment
The Oregon State Department of Employment reported in 1971 a total civilian labor force of 9,070.
At that time, 720 persons were unemployed, which is an unemployment rate of 7.9 percent.
The county ranked nineteenth in the State according to number unemployed; however, ranking by percent unemployed, it was sixteenth in 1970.
- 19 -

Table 28.
Employment Status, Columbia County and St. Helens, 1969 and 1970
Subj ect
Total males, 14 years and over
Total labor force
Armed forces
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Inmate of institution
Enrolled in school
Other
Columbia County
1960 f
1970 1/
7,891
5,776
4
5,772
5,488
284
2,115
26
717
1,372
9,676
7,398
17
7,381
6,866
515
2,278
34
587
1,657
J
St. Helens
1960 1970
1,724
1,329
1,329
1,285
44
395
NA
NA
NA
2,114
1,570
1,570
1,506
64
544
NA
NA
NA
Total females, 14 years and over
Total labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Inmate of institution
Enrolled in sch000l
Other
7,665
1,969
1,883
86
3,696
32
764
3,635
9,794
3,235
2,947
288
6,559
71
574
5,914
1,779
587
556
31
1,192
NA
NA
NA
2,279
885
823
62
1,394
NA
NA
NA
Married (husbands present) in labor force 1,265 2,257 NA NA
1/ 16 years and over.
SOURCE:
NA - Not Available
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-C39, Oregon,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1962 and 1972.
Table 29.
Percent of Age Group in Labor Force, Columbia County, 1970
Age Group
Columbia County
Male Female
Years:
14-15
16-17
18-19
20-21
22-24
25-34
35-44
45-64
65 and over
SOURCE:
7.9
25.4
66.0
86.3
93.8
98.4
95.7
89.4
20.2
13.9
14.2
30.4
46.6
36. 7
35.9
45.6
36.4
11.1
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-C39, Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 20 -

Table 30.
Columbia County Occupations, 1970
Occupation Male
Number Employed
Female Total
Total employed, 16 years and over
Professional, technical, and kindred workers
Engineers
Physicians and related practitioners
Other health workers
Teachers
Technicians, except health
Other professional workers
Managers and administrators
Sales workers
Clerical and kindred workers
Craftsmen and kindred workers
Operative except transport
Transport
Laborers except farm
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers
Service workers
Cleaning service
Food service
Health service
Personal service
Protective service
Private household
SOURCE:
6,866
539
54
200
214
1,747
463
612
1,028
57
19
130
73
206
564
97
141
428
151
67
0
49
128
0
2,947
529
18
580
39
357
76
60
5
59
106
287
6
130
89
287
907
44
321
36
45
32
9,813
1,068
54
57
125
417
79
336
653
487
1,121
1,577
784
648
1,073
129
159
1,008
190
424
76
109
133
59
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-C39, Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972
Table 31.
Number of Hired Seasonal Workers in Agriculture by Type of Worker,
Portland Area, 1965 and 1971, Midmonth Figures
Month Local
1965 1971
Interstate
Migratory
1965 1971
May
June
July
August
September
October
270
3,420
3,825
5,140
895
290
490
3,040
4,125
1,350
800
650
25 80
125
SOURCE: Oregon State
1966.
Oregon State
Annual Rural
Department of Employment, 1965 Oregon Farm Labor Report,
Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, 1971
Manpower Report, 1972
1,000
400
- 21 -
Portland Area
Intrastate
Migratory
1965 1971

Table 32.
Annual Average Labor Force in Columbia County, 1968-1971
Industry 1968
Number of Persons
1969 1970 1971
Civilian labor force
Workers in labor management disputes
Unemployment
Percent of labor force
Employment
Agricultural
Nonagricultural
Self-employed, unpaid family and domestics
Wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood
Other durables
Nondurable goods
Food products
Paper
Other nondurables
Other
Nonmanufacturing
Contract construction
Transportation, communication, utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance and real estate
Service and miscellaneous
Government
8,140
0
440
5.4
7,700
1,00
6,680
1,320
5,360
2,380
NA
1,140
NA
NA
NA
990
NA
250
2,980
260
220
840
140
350
1,170
8,530
60
460
5.4
8,010
1,020
7,010
1,370
5,640
2,440
NA
1,160
NA
NA
NA
950
NA
330
3,200
260
210
870
140
430
1,290
8,780
10
620
7.1
8,150
970
7,180
1,350
5,830
2,450
1,250
1,100
150
1,200
50
1,020
130
3,380
240
220
930
140
490
1,360
9,070
10
720
7.9
8,340
940
7,400
1,350
6,050
2,430
1,240
1,100
140
1,190
50
1,010
130
3,620
360
220
940
140
520
1,440
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division,
Labor Force and Employment by County, 1968 through 1971 publications,
Research and Statistics Section, 1969, 1972.
NA - Not Available
Table 33.
Number and Percent of Persons Unemployed in Columbia and and Bordering Counties, 1968 and 1971
County
COLUMBIA
Washinton 1/
Multnomah 1/
Clatsop
Number of
1968
People f
1971
440
15,500
15,500
650
720
28,800
28,800
990
1
Percent of
Labor Force
1968 1971
5.4
3.6
3.6
5.4
J
1/ Figures given are for Multnomah, Washington, and Clackamas Counties in
Oregon, and Clark County in Washington.
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division,
Labor Force and Employment in Oregon by County, 1968 through 1971, publications, Research and Statistics Section, 1969, 1972.
7.9
6.1
6.1
7.8
- 22

Table 34.
Median Earnings of Selected Occupation Groups, Columbia County,
1959 and 1969
Occupation Group 1959 1969
Male, total with earnings
Professional, managerial, and kindred workers
Farmers and farm managers
Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers
Operatives and kindred workers
Farm laborers
Laborers, excluding farm and mine
Female, total with earnings
Clerical and kindred workers
Operatives and kindred workers
SOURCE:
$4,735
6,042
1,889
5,332
4,820
865
4,103
$1,975
2,882
2,811
$8,097
10,315
2,824
8,894
8,216
1,455
6,570
$3,049
3,735
2,893
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970 General
Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-C39, Oregon,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1962 and 1972.
Table 35.
Covered Payrolls and Employment
1970 and 1971 by Industry, Columbia
Industry
Average Employment
1970 1971
Annual Payroll
1971
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries....
Mining
Contract construction
Lumber and wood products manufacturing
Food and kindred products manufacturing
Other manufacturing
Transportation, communication, electric gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services and miscellaneous
Government
20
NA
240
1,100
52
1,302
189
924
128
307
154
21
NA
250
1,097
SO
1,286
191
940
128
333
151
$128,895
NA
2,566,160
10,831,833
382,386
12,745,376
1,693,338
4,349,479
794,014
1,096,049
1,222,495
Yearly total
SOURCE:
4,416 4,484 $36,197,590
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division,
Oregon Covered Employement and Payrolls, 1970 and 1971, Summary Data,
Research and Statistics Section, 1971, 1972.
- 23 -

Table 36.
Local Government Employees and Payroll, Columbia County, October, 1967
I tern Employees and Earnings
Employees
Full-time only
788
557
Full-time equivalent employment
Education
Teachers only
Functions other than education
Highways
Public welfare
Hospitals
Health
Police protection
Fire protection
Sewerage
Sanitation other than sewerage
Parks and recreation
Natural resources
Housing and urban renewal
Correction
Libraries
Financial administration
General control
Water supply
Other local utilities
Other and unallocable
620
328
238
292
58
1
99
9
24
S
2
1
29
29
13
11
8
2
1
October payroll
Education
Teachers only
Functions other than education
$325,000
190,000
152,000
135,000
Average monthly earnings, full-time employment...
Teachers
Others
SOURCE:
$634
455
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. 3, No. 2,
Compendium of Public Employment, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
- 24 -

Table 37.
Major Occupation Group of Unemployed, Columbia County, 1960 and 1970
Occupation Group
Number of Persons
1960 1970
Professional, technical, and kindred workers
Farmers and farm managers
Managers, officials and proprietors, exc. farm
Clerical and kindred workers
Sales workers
Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers
Operatives and kindred workers
Service workers, including private household
Farm laborers
Laborers, excluding farm and mine
67
97
27
34
64
16
30
-
4
4
22
1/
75
43
180
216
82
34
100
1/
Included in professional, technical, and kindred workers.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1960 and 1970
General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-
C39, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1962, 1972.
Income
Table 38.
Net Effective Buying Income Estimates, Columbia County, 1967 and 1970
Area
Net Dollars
1967 1970
Per Household
1967 1970
- thousand dollars -
-
dollars - -
State of Oregon
Columbia County
SOURCE:
$5,224,888
52,239
$6,650,690
69,079
$8,113
6,613
$9,440.
7,428
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon
Economic Statistics,
1972, University of Oregon.
- 25 -

Table 39.
Bank Debits and Deposits, Columbia County, 1965-1971
Year Bank Debits 1/ Bank Deposits thousand dollars
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
$151,161
156,004
155,958
187,225
206,945
221,706
249,693
$28,942
30,408
32,187
36,199
37,074
45,401
NA
NA - Not available.
1/ Bank debits represent the dollar value of checks drawn against deposit accounts of individuals and businesses.
Included are debits to demand deposit account of individuals, business firms, and state and other political subdivisions, and payments from escrow Or trust accounts.
Excluded are debits to U.S. government, interbank, time and savings accounts, and several other categories of accounts.
SOURCE
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics,
1972, University of Oregon, 1972.
Table 40.
Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups, Columbia County, 1970
Item
Mean Income
Families:
All races
Caucasian
Spanish Language
Black
Other
Unrelated individuals:
All races
Caucasian
Spanish Language
Black
Other
Families by Family Income Class
All races: under $3,999
$4,000 to $5,999
$6,000 to $11,999
$ 12,000+ total
Number
$9,853
9,897
6,293
9,604
3,788
3,806
1,000
3,328
1,168
701
3,669
2,140
7,678
Percent
15.21
9.13
47.79
27.87
100.00
- 26 -

Table 40, cont.
Income and Poverty Data for Racial Groups,
Columbia County, 1970
Item Number Percent
Caucasian: under $3,999
$4,000 to $5,999
$6,000 to $11,999
$ 12,000+ total
Spanish Language: under $3,999
$4,000 to $5,999
$6,000 to $11,999
$ 12,000+ total
Black: under $3,999
$4,000 to $5,999
$6,000 to $11,999
$ 12,000+ total
Other: under $3,999
$4,000 to $5,999
$6,000 to $11,999
$ 12,000+ total
1,139
691
3,604
2, 123
7,557
29
49
6
84
10
16
11
37
15.07
9.14
47.69
28.10
100.00
34.53
58.33
8.14
100.00
27.03
43.24
29.73
100.00
Income Below Poverty Level(bpl) 1/
Families bpl
All races
Caucasian
Spanish Language
Black
Other
Persons in families bpl
Unrelated individuals bpl
Under 65
65 and over
Male family head, 14-64 yrs., bpl
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor force
Female family heads bpl in labor force with children below 6 yr
Income source of families and unrelated individuals bpl
Earnings
Social security or railroad retirement
Public assistance or welfare
697
668
29
2,493
196
452
257
35
83
29
593
700
150
100.00
95.84
4.16
Blank spaces indicate a zero, suppressed data, or not applicable.
!/
Poverty levels are federa1lydefined.
For further definition of poverty levels, see: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970
General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC)-C39,
Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
SOURCE:
Valde, Gary R. and Robert 0. Coppedge, Income and Poverty Data for
Racial Groups
A Compilation for Oregon Census County
Special Report 367, Oregon State University,
Divisions,
Corvallis, Oregon, 1972.

Education
Table 41.
Formal Education Facilities, Columbia County, 1969-70 and 1971
School District, Type School, and Number of Each Type
Grades
Included
1/
Enrollment -
1969-70 1971
High School
Graduates 2/
Columbia School District # 5J
Clatskanie High School
Knappa High School
Clatskanie Elementary School
Hilda Lahti Elementary School
Mayger Elementary School
Quincy Elementary School
Westport Elementary School
Rainier School District # 13
Rainier High School
Apiary Elementary School
Delena Elementary School
Goble Elementary School
Hudson Elementary School
Rainier Elementary School
Scappoose School District # 1J
Scappoose High School
Petersen Elementary School
Warren Elementary
Watts Elementary
School
School
St. Helens School District # 502
St. Helens Senior High School
St. Helens Junior High School.
Columbia City Elementary School
Condon Elementary School
Deer Island Elementary School
John Guinin Elementary School
McBride Elementary School .......
Yankton Elementary School
Vernonia School District # 47J
Vernonia High School
Lincoln Elementary
School
Mist Elementary School
Washington Elementary School
9-12
9-12
1-8
1-8
1-4
5-8
1-8
9-12
1-8
1-8
1-8
1-3
1-8
9-12
3-8
1-5
1-3
10-12
7-9
1-4
1-6
5-6
1-6
1-6
1-6
9-12
1-3
1-6
KG -8
356
202
417
421
92
104
126
433
28
147
144
84
557
569
589
181
295
575
641
99
429
56
225
381
135
248
88
25
381
390
195
503
437
83
102
114
585
630
94
384
48
251
393
120
466
32
137
167
79
544
556
642
200
279
240
80
26
368
87
40
94
129
176
98
1/ Average daily membership.
2/ 1971 figures for high school graduates.
SOURCES: Oregon Board of Higher Education, 1971-72 Oregon School-Community College
Directory, and 1971 Oregon Public High School Graduates, and Summary of Pupil Personnel for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1969, School Finance and Statistical Services.
- 28 -

Table 42.
Racial and Ethnic Distribution of Public School Enrollment by School District, Columbia County, 1972.
District White Black
American
Indian
Spanish
Surname Other 1/ Total number of students
Columbia #5
Rainier
Scappoose
St. Helens
Vernonia
1,835
1,408
1,715
2,518
729
-
-
4
-
-
13
3
3
11
3
5
-
7
5
3
6
12
2
6
1
1,859
1,412
1,735
2,546
737
Total 8,205 4 33 20 27 8,289
1/
Includes Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and others.
SOURCE:
Compiled from Oregon Board of Education reports by OSU Extension Service.
Table 43.
Years of School Completed by Population 25 Years and Over,
Columbia County, 1970
Education
Number
Males
Number
Females Total Percent
Total, 25 years and over
No school years completed
Elementary: 1-4 years
5-7 years
8 years
High School: 1-3 years
College:
4 years
1-3 years
4 years or more
7,821
72
223
785
1,440
1,527
2,451
706
617
7,865
65
97
495
1,104
1,711
3,198
716
479
15,686
137
320
1,280
2,544
3,238
5,649
1,422
1,096
100.00
.87
2.04
8.16
16.21
20.64
36.01
9.06
6.98
Median school years completed.
SOURCE:
11.7
12.1
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-C39, Oregon, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Table 44.
Youth Organizations, Columbia County
Organization Membership
Boy Scouts
Camp Fire Girls
4-H
Future Farmers
Girl Scouts
Neighborhood Youth Corps
SOURCES:
NA
NA
603
172
577
89
4-H, Future Farmers, and Neighborhood Yourth Corps, 1972 figures from
OSU Extension Service; Girl Scout 1972 figure from Columbia River G.S.
Office; NA - not available
- 29 -

Table 45.
Columbia County Residents Enrolled in Higher Education
Institutions, Fall 1971
Institution Number Enrolled
Total enrolled
Eastern Oregon College
Oregon College of Education
Oregon State University
Portland State University
Southern Oregon College
University of Oregon
Oregon Technical Institute
University of Oregon Dental School
University of Oregon Medical School
Total in private and independent ins titut ions
SOURCE:
424
7
42
114
89
16
62
14
2
5
73
Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, Post Secondary Enrollment in
Oregon, An Analysis of the Statewide Student Enrollment Data Survey,
1972.
Although Columbia County operates no correctional institutions of its own, it is served by four state correctional institutions in Marion
County.
These include training schools for socially maladjusted boys between 12 and 18 years of age and girls between the ages of 12 and 21.
Table 46.
Felonies and Juvenile Delinquency, Columbia County, 1968
Subject Number
Committments to felony and correctional institutions, 1967-68
Total committments
Oregon State Penitentiary
Oregon State Correctional Institution
MacLaren (boys' training school) !/
Hillcrest (girls' training school)
Juvenile court cases, 1968
All cases
Delinquency
Traffic
Other
6
0
3
3
0
2/
2/
2/
2/
1/ Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Children Services
Division, Adolescent Population and Coinmittment Data by County, by
Calandar Year, 1967-1970.
2/ Figures not reported.
SOURCE: Oregon State Executive Department, Program Planning Division,
District Facts, 1970.
- 30 -

Health and Vital Statistics
1970.
Columbia County allocated $125,523 to its health department budget in
This is a per capita amount of $4.16, slightly less than the state average of $5.70.
The following tables give information on health problems in the county, health facilities and medical personnel available in the county.
Table 47.
Existing Medical Facilities, Number of Existing Beds, and Number of Beds Needed, Columbia County, 1971 1/
Category and Community
Number of Facilities existing needed
Number of Beds existing needed
General Hospital
St. Helens
Long-term Care Facilites
St. Helens
Scappoos e
Diagnostic and treatment centers
St. Helens
1
1 41
40
33
41
70
40
1 I
1/
Mental Facilities: the state plan of the Mental Health Division is made a part of this plan by reference.
Tuberculosis Hospitals: None
Rehabilitation Facilities: None
SOURCE: Oregon State Board of Health, Health Facility Planning and Construction
Section, Oregon State Plan for Construction and Modernization of Hospitals
Public Health Centers and Medical Facilities, 1971 Annual Revision, 1971.
Table 48.
Diagnostic or Treatment Center Facilities, Columbia County, 1970
Name and Location
Outpatient Visits
During Year Services 1/
Columbia District Hospital
St. Helens 10,823 A,H,I,E
1!
Service code:
1964 data.
SOURCE:
A-general; H-X-ray; I-clinical laboratory; E-orthopedic,
Oregon State Board of Health, Health Facility Planning and Construction
Section, Oregon State Plan for Construction and Modernization of Hospitals,
Public Health Centers and Medical Facilities, 1971 Annual Revision, 1971.
- 31 -

Table 49.
Percent Occupancy of Existing Medical Facilities, Columbia County, 1969
Name of Facility Location
Total
Capacity
Percent of
Occupancy
General Hospitals
Columbia District Hospital....
Long-terni Care Facilities
Columbia District Hospital....
Tuberculosis Hospitals
None
St. Helens
St. Helens
41 1/
41 2/
45
107
1/
2/
Excludes long-term care beds.
Excludes acute-care beds.
SOURCE Oregon State Board of Health, Health Facility Planning and Construction
Section, Oregon State Plan for Construction and Modernization of Hospitals,
\ Public Health Centers and Medical Facilities, 1971 Annual
1971.
Table 50.
Number of Licensed Medical Personnel and Ratio of Population
Per Professiçnal, Columbia County, 1969
Profession
Columbia County
Number Ratio 1/
State
Ratio
Medical doctors and doctors of osteopathy
Dentists
Registered nurses
Licensed practical nurses
Pharmacists
11
9
37
5
16
2,740
3,349
815
6,028
1,884
770
1,412
276
1,002
1,375
1/ Ratio figure equals population per professional in particular category.
SOURCE: Oregon State Executive Department, Program Planning Division, District
Facts, 1970
Table 51.
Number of Admissions to State Psychiatric Hospitals and Mental Health
Clinics and Ratio per 100,000 Population, 1968-69
Facility
Columbia County
Number Ratio
State
Ratio
Psychiatric hospitals
Mental health clinics
SOURCE:
21
91
70
302
134
460
Oregon State Executive Department, Program Planning Division, District
Facts, 1970.
- 32 -

Table 52.
Category
1968
Columbia County
Number
1968
Rate
I
1971
Rate
1971
475
277
31
27
8
31
502
274
31
22
11
23
16.1
16.8
9.4
9.2
65.3
61.8
56.8
43.8
16.8
105.2
21.9
77.0
15.6
9.4
78.1
57.4
18.4
61.0
1/
2/
3/
SOURCE:
Table 53.
Item
Columbia County
Number Rate
Rate
Morbidity
Tuberculosis
Gonorrhea
Measles (Rubella)
Influenza and pneumonia
-
Malignant neoplasnis (cancer)
Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma
Congenital anonialies
Accidents
Suicides
Homicides
6
2
31
479
17
2
274
46
5
99
27
2
6
7
8
3
23
4
2
1
4
4
20.1
6.7
103.8
1,603.6
64.4
6.7
154.0
16.7
331.4
20.1
23.4
26.8
3.3
13.4
13.4
l8:
77.0
13.4
6.7
11.6
5.3
422.0
1,171.7
45.1
18.1
168.4
13.3
349.6
110.9
21.2
17.3
26.4
26.9
4.3
15.8
8.2
61.3
14.9
3.8
1/
2/
3/
SOURCE:

Public Welfare
Table 54.
Public Welfare Payments for Assistance, Columbia County,
August, 1972
Category
Cases receiving non-medical payments
Old age assistance
Aid to the blind
Aid to the disabled
Aid to dependent children 1/
General assistance
Foster care
Cases
83
5
69
848
11
NA
Average Payment
$ 57.23
113.00
83.28
42.75
55.53
NA
Physicians services 1/
OAA
AB
AD
ADC
GA
FC
17
1
27
114
6
12
$ 24.38
4.75
18.75
25.64
27.13
7.23
Hospital payments 1/
OAA
AR
AD
ADC
GA
FC
2
5
11
2
3
$ 70.50
1,006.90
284.43
572.43
513.29
Drug payments 1/..
OAA
AB
AD
ADC
GA
FC
81
3
31
91
0
6
$ 14.21
10.78
17.22
7.24
-
6.79
NA - not available.
1/ Persons not cases.
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Public Welfare Division,
Public Welfare in Oregon, August, 1972.

Table 55.
Average Monthly Public Welfare Payments by Type of Service
Columbia County, Fiscal Years 1968-69 and 1971-72
Type of Service
Average Payment per Case
1968-69 1971-72
Old Age Assistance
Aid to the Disabled
Aid to the Blind
General Assistance
Aid to Dependent Children 1/
UN 2/
Basic 2/
$ 51.01
78.49
77.53
61.59
$ 56.58
81.44
107.76
49.63
33.99
38.11
49.18
45.11
1/ Payment per person, not case.
The UN figure represents payments to families where the male parent is in the
2/ home but unemployed.
SOURCE:
The basic figure represents all others.
Unpublished data received from Sondra Lipman, Oregon Public Welfare Division, Research and Statistics Section, May 1973.
The State of Oregon operates three special schools for the handicapped, all located at Salem in Marion County.
The School for the Blind provides special education for approximately 100 children with acute vision problems in a boarding school situation.
The School for the Deaf provides parallel training for severly handicapped children from four years of age through high school.
Oregon Fairview Home provides in-andout patient training for mentally deficient minors and adults.
Housing
About two-thirds of the homes in Columbia County are owner occupied, with slightly less than one-third renter occupied.
The remaining small percentage is vacant year-round.
- 35 -

Table 56.
Housing Occupancy and Facilities, Columbia County, 1970
Subj ect
Columbia County number units percent
State percent
Occupancy
All housing units
Seasonal or migratory
Owner occupied
Renter occupied
Vacant year-round
Population in housing units per unit
Owner occupied
Renter occupied
9,540
3
6,770
2,364
403
100.00
.03
70.96
24.77
4.22
100.00
1.3
61.3
31.5
5.9
3.1
3.1
Persons per room
All occupied units
1.00 or less
1.01 to 1.50
1.51 or more
Facilities
Lacking some or all plumbing facilities
Telephone available
Air conditioning
9,134
8,450
534
150
100.00
92.51
5.84
1.64
100.00
94.7
4.2
1.1
332
7,991
588
3.48
87.48
6.16
3.6
89.5
10.3
- number - number -
Median number of rooms
Median value 1/
Median gross rent 2/
5.1
$12,600
$98
5.0
$11,300
$107
1/ Specified owner occupied.
Limited to and no business on property.
one-family homes on less than 10 acres
2/ Specified renter occupied.
Excludes o ne-family homes on 10 acres or more.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing, 1970 Detailed Housing
Characteristics, Final Report, HC (1)-B39, Oregon, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
1972.
- 36 -

Table 57.
Housing, Occupancy, and Facilities for Places with over 2,500
Inhabitants, 1970
Subject
St. Helens
Number Percent
Occupancy
All year-round housing units
Owner occupied
Renter occupied
Vacant year-round
2,157
1, 361
725
71
100.00
63.09
33.61
3.29
Facilities
Telephone available
Air conditioning
Median gross rent of renter occupied
SOURCE:
1,846
112
$97
88.49
5.19
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing, 1970 Detailed Housing
Characteristics, Final Report HC(l)-B39, Oregon, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.

THE COUNTY'S ECONOMY
The economy of Columbia County is centered around agriculture, logging, and manufacturing.
The trend in agriculture is toward larger farms and fewer total number of farms.
Production remains quite steady due to increased yields per acres.
Columbia County's forest industry is unique in that the forest land is almost completely privately owned.
In all the other counties in
Oregon, the timber harvest is principally from publicly owned land.
Because of its proximity to Portland, the county is growing within the. metropolitan area.
This will undoubtedly increase the importance of both manufacturing and businesses to the county's economy.
The following six sections give additional information on several aspects of Columbia County's economy.
Agriculture
The following section gives some detailed data on agriculture, an important part of the economy of Columbia County.
The 1969 U.s. Census of Agiruculture lists a total of about 549 farms with a total area in farms of close to 75,000 acres.
The average size is 136.1 acres.
Table 58.
Farm Size and Value, Columbia County, 1959, 1964, and 1969
Subject
1959 1964 1969
Approximate acres of land area
Proportion in farms
Total number of farms
Acres in farms
Average size of farms
Value of land and buildings
Average per farms
Average per acre
413,440
25.2
1,060
104,090
98.2
$19,337
$219.69
408,960
23.2
1,149
94,988
82.7
$28,992
$356.29
409,216
18.2
547
74,496
136. 1
$67,805
$497.87
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969, Vol. 1,
Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
Following a national trend, there were fewer farms in Columbia County in 1969 than in 1964.
The average size of farms has increased considerably, indicating a consolidation of small farms.

Table 59.
Number and Percent of Farms by Size, Columbia County,
1959, 1964, and 1969
Size 1959
Number
1964 1969 1959
I
Percent
1964 I 1969
Less than 10 acres
10 to 49 acres
50 to 69 acres
70 to 99 acres
100 to 139 acres
140 to 179 acres
180 to 219 acres
220 to 259 acres
260 to 499 acres
500 to 999 acres
1,000 to 1,999 acres
2,000 acres or more
91
462
135
115
881
67
25
15
44
15
6
4
93
569
132
119
92
49
23
10
39
15
6
2
37
215
55
75
35
42
18
8
47
7
4
4
8.58
43.58
12.73
10.84
7.64
6.32
2.35
1.41
4.15
1.41
.56
.37
8.09
49.52
11.48
10.35
8.00
4.26
2.00
.87
3.39
1.30
.52
.17
6.76
39.30
10.05
13.71
6.39
7.67
3.29
1.46
8.59
1.27
.73
.73
Total farms
SOURCE:
1,060 1,149 547 100.00. 100.00
100.00
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969, Vol.
1
Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
Classification of farms by economic class considers only those classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as "Commercial farms."
In general, all farms with a total value of products sold amounting to $2,500 or more are classified as commercial.
Farms with sales of $50 to $2,499 are classified as commercial if the farm operator was under 65 years of age and (1) he did not work off the farm 100 or more days during the year, (2) the income received by the operator and members of his family from non-farm sources was less than the value of all farm products sold.
Table 60.
Farm Operators by Tenure, Columbia County, 1959, 1964, and 1969
Tenure 1959 1964 1969
Full owners
Part owners
Managers
Tenants
SOURCE:
878
132
4
46
953
136
442
91
60 14
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969, Vol. 1,
Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1972.
- 39
-.

Table 61.
Farms by Economic Class, Columbia County, 1959, 1964, and 1969
Economic Class
1959
Number
1964 1969 1959
Percent
1964 1969
I
Commercial farms
Class I (sales of $40,000 or more)
Class II (sales of $20,000 to $39,999)
Class III (sales of $io,000 to $19,999
Class IV (sales of $5,000 to $9,999)
Class V (sales of $2,500 to
$4,999)
Class VI (sales of $50 to
$2,499 )
12
38
80
76
161
17
30
59
65
96
21
29
40
55
91
1.09
3.47
7.31
6.95
10.15
1.47
2.61
5.13
5.65
8.35
3.83
5.30
7.31
4.78
16.63
45 136 35 4.11
11.83
6.39
Other farms
Part-time
Part-retirement
Abnormal
531
200
559
187
-
226
49
1
48.58
18.29
-
48.65
16.27
=
41.31
8.95
.
18
Total farms
SOURCE:
1,093 1,149 547 100.00
100.00
100.00
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and 1969, Vol.
1,
Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U S
Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1972.
Table 62.
Farm Operators by Age and Years of School Completed,
Columbia County, 1959, 1964, and 1969
Subj ect 1959 1964 1969 j
Average age (years)
65 years and over
52.1
212
51.9
226
51.1
78
Years of school completed:
Elementary: 0-4 years
5-7 years
8 years
High school: 1-3 years
College:
4 years
1-3 years
4 years or more
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
37
119
319
224
321
91
38
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA - not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1964 and
1969, Vol. 1,
Area Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 40 -

Table 63.
Value of Farm Products Sold 1/, Columbia County, 1966-1970
Product
All crops, livestock and livestock products
All crops
All grain, hay and seeds
All seed crops
All grain and hay
All hay
All grains
Wheat
Barley
Vegetables, fresh and for processing
All berries
All tree fruits and nuts
Specialty field crops
Specialty horticultural crops
1966
5,304
1,304
164
38
126
76
50
26
7
92
584
42
36
84
1967 thousand
1968 dollars
J
5,132 5,217
1,403
151
21
130
62
68
40
9
84
457
41
48
93
1,330
147
19
128
71
57
26
16
70
511
24
40
96
1969
5,798
1,691
294
125
169
100
69
12
32
76
523
38
45
100
1970
5,825
1,608
327
135
192
112
80
17
44
67
446
47
32
105
All livestock and livestock products
Dairy products
Poultry products
Cattle and calves
Sheep and lambs
Hogs
4,000
986
276
1,722
49
128
3,729
1,037
269
1)677
33
132
3,887
1,099
280
1,798
29
111
4,107
1,107
341
2,004
31
108
4,244
1,150
329
2,194
36
107
1/
Crop year includes quantities sold or held for sale.
2/ Preliminary.
SOURCE: OSU Extension Service and USDA cooperating, "Oregon Commodity Data Sheets",
Oregon State University, 1971-72.
Table 64.
Livestock and Poultry Numbers, Columbia County,
1950, 1960, 1969, and 1970
Category 1/
All cattle
Dairy cattle
Sheep and lambs
Hogs
Chickens
Turkeys raised
1950
14,200
6,500
2,500
1,600
NA
NA
1960
20,000
4,700
7,500
3,000
NA
NA
1969
23,000
3,100
3,000
1,300
45,000
7,000
1970 2/
24,000
3,000
3,200
NA
42,000
7,000
1/
Numbers as of January 1, unless otherwise indicated.
2/ Preliminary.
NA - not available.
SOURCE: OSU Extension Service and USDA cooperating, "Oregon Commodity Data Sheets",
Oregon State University, 1971-72.
- 41 -

Table 65.
Acres of Crops Harvested, Columbia County, 1969 and 1970
Crops Harvested 1969 1970 1/
Small grains
Wheat
Oats
Barley
Hay crops
Field seed crops
Bentgrass
Peppermint
Berries
Strawberries
200
1,100 goo
13,800
130
160
200
1,000
1,100
13,600
120
170
425 400
1/ Preliminary.
SOURCE: OSU Extension Service and USDA cooperating, "Oregon Commodity Data Sheets",
1971-72.
Table 66.
Food and Kindred Products Manufacturing, Columbia County,
1968 and 1970
Product Group
Number of Firms
1968 1970
Employment
1968 1970
7
Meat packing plants
1 1
SOURCE: Oregon State Executive Department, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers - 1970.
Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers - 1968.
Logging and Wood Products
Table 67.
Lumber and Wood Products Manufacturing Excluding Furniture,
Columbia County, 1968 and 1970
Product Group
Logging camps and contractors
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Special product sawmills
Veneer and plywood
Wood products, not elsewhere classified
Number of Firms
1968 1970
19
9
1
1
2
172 1/
8
2
1
2
Employment
1968 1970
J
26
468
NR
340
15
127
571
15
300
32
1/ One or more firms did not report number of employees.
NR - nor reported.
SOURCE: Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers
-
1968.
Oregon State Executive Department, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers - 1970.
- 42 -

Timber harvest in Columbia County differs considerably from the rest of the state in that almost 100 percent of the timber is privately owned.
The opposite is true for most of the other counties in the state.
Table 68.
Timber Harvest by Ownership, Columbia County, 1970 1/
Ownership Production 2/ Percent of Total
Total timber harvest
Private 3/
Bureau of Land Management 4/
National Forest 5/
State 3/
95,997
95,294
178
100.00
99.26
.18
525 .54
1/
2/
3/
Includes volume removed as logs but not volume removed for poles, piling, and woodcutting operations.
Scribner Log Rule - thousand board feet.
Compiled by State Forestor.
Compiled by Bureau of Land Management.
4/
5/ Compiled by U.S. Forest Service.
SOURCE: USDA Forest Service Resource Bulletin PNW-38, "1970 Timber Harvest",
Pacific Northwest Range and Experiment Station, 1971.
Table 69.
Log Consumption in Thousand Board Feet by Species and Industry,
Columbia County, 1968 1/
Species Sawmills
Type of Industry
Veneer and
Plywood 2/
Shake and
Shingle
All species
Douglas - fir
Hemlock
True firs
Spruce
Pines
Other softwoods
Hardwoods
220,945
164,018
37,308
2,270
99
1,708
13,304
2,238
155,107
131,542
12,388
3,072
4,816
3,015
274
-
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA - not available.
1/
2/
Scribner Log Rule.
Clackamas, Clatsop, Columbia, and Marion Counties combined to avoid disclosure.
SOURCE: Manock, Eugene, R., Grover A. Choate, and Donald R. Gedney, Oregon
Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption and Mill Characteristics,
Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with U.S. Forest Service,
Salem, Oregon, 1968.
43 -

Table 70.
Installed 8-hour Capacity of Wood-Using Industries,
Columbia County, 1968
Industry Capacity
Sawmill-lumber 1/
Veneer and plywood 2/
Pulp and board mills 3/
948
240
950
1/ Scribner log rule, board feet
2/ Square feet, 3/8 inch basis
3/ 24 hour capacity in tons.
SOURCE: Manock, Eugene, R., Grover A. Choate, and Donald R. Gedney, Oregon Timber
Industries, l968 Wood Consumption and Mill Characteristics, Oregon
State Department of Forestry jointly with U.S. Forest Service, Salem,
Oregon, 1968.
Manufacturing
Table 71.
Value Added by Major Manufacturing Industries, Columbia County, 1967
Item Value Added Percent of Total
All manufacturing
Lumber and wood products
Sawmills and planing mills
SOURCE:
$32,S00,000
12,600,000
8,600,000
100.00
38.76
26.46
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufacturers, 1967, Area
Services: Oregon, MC67(3)-38, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1970.
- 44 -

Table 72.
Manufacturing, Other than Lumber and Wood Products; Food and Kindred
Products and Mineral, Metla, and Related Products Manufacturing, Columbia County,
1968 and 1970
Product Group
Number of Firms
1968 1970 f
Employment
1968 1970
J
Wood household furniture, upholstered
Pulp mills
Paper mills, exc. building paper mills
Bags, except textile bags
Building paper and building board mills
Newspapers, publishing and printing
Commercial printing, exc.
lithographing
Special cleaning, sanitation preparations
Perfumes, cosmetics, other toilet preparations
Paving mixtures and blocks
Footwear, exc. houseslippers and rubber footwear
Industrial tractors, trucks, trailers, and stackers
Special dies and tools, die sets jigs
Special industrial machinery
Misc. machinery, exc. electrical
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electronic components and equipment
Boat building and repairing
Games and toys exc. dolls and vehicles
Brooms and brushes
Food products machinery
SOURCE:
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1,094
90
225
3
64
22
2
7
1
40
12
26
14
1/
16
Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers - 1968.
Oregon State Executive Department, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers - 1970.
1
750
1,300
90
225
30
5
61
40
1/
26
14
45
8
30
3
2
2
8
1/ One or more firms did not report number of employees.
- 45 -

Mining - Mineral and Metal Industries
Most of the income from mineral production is derived from sand, gravel and stone and varies considerably from year to year, depending on current construction activities in the county.
Minor values of iron are also produced.
Table 73.
Mineral, Metal and Related Manufacturing, Columbia County,
1968 and 1970
Product Group
Glass products, made of purchased glass
Minerals and earths, ground or treated
Concret products, exc. block or brick
Ready-mix concrete
Miscellaneous
Number of Firms
1968
I
1970
1 1
1
Employment
1968 1970 f
3
NR
30
1
NR - not reported.
SOURCE: Oregon State Executive Department, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers - 1970.
Oregon State Department of Commerce, Economic Dvelopment Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers - 1968.
3
10
Table 74.
Value of Mineral Production, Columbia County, 1961-1970
Year Value Minerals Produced in Order of Value(
1961
1963
1965
1967
1970
$302,000
366,000
266,000
1/
1/
Stone, sand and gravel
Sand and gravel, stone, iron ore
Stone, sand and gravel
1/ Figures withheld to avoid disclosing invidividual company's confidential data.
SOURCE: IJ.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, Bureau of Economic Research,
Oregon Economic Statistics, various years, University of Oregon
Outdoor Recreation
In addition to the federal, state and county owned parks, there are several locally owned parks in Columbia County.
Most of these are located in the St. Helens area.
- 46 -

Table 75.
Columbia County Park and Recreation Facilities, 1972
Ownership and Name Facilities and Activities 1/
Bureau of Land Management
Scaponi a IC, TS, PS, St, T, F, S, V
County Park
Hudson
Power or Timber Company Park
Rogers
IC, TS, PS, St, GP, PA, T, F,S
PS, St. PA, F, S
State Safety Rest Area
Co 1 umbi a PS
1/ TC tent campsites
IS - trailer sites
PS - picnic sites
T - trails
F - fishing
SOURCE: Oregon State Highway
Parks.
S - stream
V - scenic views
GP - group picnic
PA - play area
St - stoves
Division, Travel Information Section, 1972 Oregon
Columbia County draws many of its hunters from the Portland area to contribute to its game harvest.
The county harvests a significant portion of the state's blue and ruffed grous, band-tailed pigeons, and ducks and geese.
This harvest takes place principally in the Sauvies Island area along the Columbia River.
Table 76.
Columbia County Game Harvest
Game
Hunters
Percent of
Number State Total
Harvest
Percent of
Number State Total
Days
Hunted
Pheasant
Quail
Blue and ruffed grouse
Silver gray squirrels
Band tailed pigeons
Mourning dove
Ducks
Geese
Deer 1/
Elk 1/
2,113
521
591
26
996
468
4,030
1,490
5,840
800
2.93
1.99
7.65
.57
8.02
2.86
7.22
5.30
2.09
3.49
6,524
2,506
1,431
113
9,104
3,936
68,340
3,260
1,320
965
2.68
1.58
8.50
.52
7.52
2.00
12.01
5.12
1.50
36.00
10,207
3,044
1,812
5,203
2,178
37,980
15,510
NA
37,010
NA - not available.
1/ Figures represent Scappoose and Clatsop Game Management Units, which are not completely contained within Columbia County's borders.
SOURCE: Oregon State Game Commission, "1966 Upland Game Questionnaire", 1967;
"Water Fowl Estimates, 1969-70 Season", 1970; Oregon State Game
Commission Bulletin, May, 1972.
28
- 47
-.

Business
Table 77.
Retail and Wholesale Trade, Columbia County, 1967
Kind of Business Establishments
Paid 1/
Employees Sales
Retail trade, total
Lumber, building materials, hardware, farm equipment dealers, total 2/
General merchandise group stores, total
Food stores, total
Automotive dealers, total
Gasoline service stations, total
Apparel, acessory stores, total
Furniture, home furnishing, equipment stores, total
Eating, drinking places, total
Drug stores, proprietary stores, total
Other retail stores, total
Nonstore retailers, total
- - number - -
283
18
13
51
19
43
11
12
55
7
38
16
- number -
702
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
$1,000
$29,455
1,963
1,535
10,591
4,399
3,151
521
923
2,395
905
2,735
337
Wholesale trade, total, 3/
Merchant wholesalers
Other operating types
25
10
15
58 6,272
2,974
3,298
1/
2/
Exludes active proprietors of unincorporated businesses.
Only those counties with 500 or more establishments are broken down into types of businesses.
3/ Only those counties with 100 or more establishments are broken down into types of businesses.
NA - not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Retail Trade: Oregon,
BC67-RA39; U.S. Census of Business, 1967 Wholesale Trade: Oregon,
BC67-WA39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
- 48 -

Table 78.
Selected Services, Columbia County, 1967
Kinds of Business
Establishntents Receipts Paid Employees 1/
J
Selected services, total
- number - -
123
$1,000
$1,958
- number - -
107
Hotels, motels, tourist courts, camps, total 2/
Personal services, total
Miscellaneous business services, total
Motion pictures, total
Amusement, recreation services, exc. motion pictures, total
Auto repair, services, garages, total
Miscellaneous repair services, total
12
55
19
3
10
10
NA NA
'I
14
NA - not available.
1/
2/
Excludes active proprietors of unincorporated businesses.
Only counties with 300 or more establishments are broken down into type of business group.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967, Selected Services,
Oregon, BC67-SA39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1969.
- 49 -

PUBLIC SERVICE
Transportation
There are three general types of transportation available in Columbia County - rail, water, and highway.
at the present time.
There are two public airports
U.S. Highway 30, which parallels the Columbia
River, provides an easy connection to the Portland Metropolitan Area and also to the city of Astoria and the northern coast.
State Highway
47 and 202 provide a secondary route between Portland and Astoria by way of the Nehalem River Valley.
A net of county roads connects the
Columbia River Highway to the Nehalem River area.
The Portland-Astoria line of the Spokane, Portland, and Seattle Railroad, with a terminal in St. Helens, provides rail freight service.
Water transportation, both sea-going vessels and river or ocean barges, is available for industrial cargo.
Table 79.
Miles of Roadway in Columbia County, 1972
Agency Miles
Federal agency roads
State agency roads
County and public usage roads 1/
City streets
Total
13
180
523
68
784
1/ Public usage roads are roads under county jurisdiction but generally privately maintained.
SOURCE: Transportation Research. Institute, Oregon State University,
Functional Classification of Public Roads and Streets in
Oregon, 1970.
Table 80.
Number of Aircraft and Boats in Columbia County, 1968
Subj ect Number
Aircraft
Boats
44
1,316
SOURCE: Oregon State Executive Department, Local Government Relations
Division, District Facts, 1970.
- 50 -

Table 81.
Motor Vehicle Registration, Columbia County, 1970 and 1971
Vehicle
Number of Vehicles
1970 1971
Passenger vehicles
Buses
Trucks
All trailers
Motorcycles
Recreational 1/
Snowmobiles
17,521
36
913
1,355
858
1,325
NA
19,633
7
1,030
651
1,155
1,910
6
Total vehicles 22,008 24,392
NA - not available.
1/
Includes campers and travel trailers.
SOURCES: Oregon State Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicles Division,
1970 figures taken from Bureau of Business and Economic Research,
Oregon Economic Statistics, 1972, University of Oregon; 1971 figures from unpublished data, State Motor Vehicles Division.
Communication
Although there are no locally operated television stations in the county, it is adequately served from the Porltland area TV stations.
There is one radio station in the county with additional stations received from the Portland metropolitan area.
Telephone service is available through several telephone companies and almost 90 percent of the homes in the county have telephones available.
There are five newspapers published in the county.
All of them are aimed primarily at local news items and are published once or twice weekly.
The two major papers from the Portland area, the Oregonian and the Oregon Journal are available in the county, also.

Table 82.
Communication Facilities, Columbia County
Type Service Location Network Affiliation
Radio
KOHl St. Helens
Telephone
General Telephone Co. of the Northwest, Beaverton
District
Rose Valley Telephone Co
Pacific Northwest Bell
Newspapers
Chief
Review
Sentinel-Mist Chronicle
Spotlight
Eagle
SOURCES:
Clatskanie,
Vernonia
Scappoose
St. Helens
Cl at skanie
Ranier
St. Helens
Scapp oos e
Vernonia
- Days Published -
Friday
Thurs day
Monday Thursday
Thursday
Thursday
Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Directory of Radio and Television
Stations for the State of Oregon, 1972
Oregon State Executive Department, Clay Myers, Secretary of State,
Oregon Blue Book, 1973-74, January, 1973.
Pacific Northwest Bell, unpublished data
Table 83.
Residential Communication Facilities, Columbia County, 1960 and 1970
Facilities
Number of Housing Units
1960 1970
Battery radio sets
Yes
No
6,557
464
6,960
2 , 174
Telephone available
Yes
No
5,513
1,508
7,991
1,143
Television sets
None
One
Two or more
1,014
5,570
437
567
6,729
1,838
UHF equipped
Yes
No
NA
NA
2,346
6,221
NA - not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing
Characterisitcs, Final Report HC(1)-B39, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 52

Library Facilities
Table 84.
Columbia County Libraries, by City of Location, 1969-70
City Volumes
Circulation
Circ./
Capita
Hrs. Open
Per Week
Operating
Expend.
Expend.!
Capita
St. Helens
Clatskanie
Rainier
Scappoos e
Vernonia
SOURCE:
13,263
4,823
6,670
7,000
3,619
17,415
1,515
2,784
10,255
5,507
3.0
1.3
1.9
6.1
3.5
28
9
20
16
20
$4,719
1,159
2,541
3,679
1,661
$ .81
.97
1.74
2.18
1.05
Oregon State Library, Directory of Oregon Libraries, annual statistics for the year ending June 30, 1970.
Utilities
Table 85.
Housing Units by Water Supply and Sewage Displosal, 1970
Subj ect
Columbia County
Number
State
Percent 1/ Percent
Water source
Public system or private company
Individual well
Other or none
Sewage disposal
Public sewer
Septic tank or cesspool
Other or none
5 ,642
3,010
888
3,262
6,042
236
59.15
31.56
9.31
34. 20
63.35
2,47
79.8
16.9
3.3
61.0
37.5
1.5
1/ Percent of all year-round housing.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing:
Characteristics, Final Report HC(1)-B39, Oregon
1970 Detailed Housing
U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
Table 86.
Housing Units by Water Supply and Sewage Disposal, for Places with over 2,500 Inhabitants, 1970
St Helens
Subject Numb er Percent
Water source
Public system or private co
Individual well
95.92
4.08
Sewage Disposal
Public sewer
Septic tank or cesspool
Other or none
SOURCE:
1,694
447
16
78.53
20.72
.74
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing
Characterisitcs, Final Report HC(l)-B39, Oregon, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
- 53 -
2,069
88

Table 87.
Types of Fuels for Heating, Cooking Number of Housing Units,
Columbia County, 1960 and 1970
Type of Fuel
Utility gas
Fuel oil, kerosene, etc
Coal or coke
Wood
Electricity
Bottled, tank, or LP gas
Other fuel
None
Home Heating
1960
3,868
1,454
1,462
157
80
Fuel
1970
1,281
3,644
640
3,222
305
22
20
Water Heating
Fuel
1960
-
36
245
6,308
102
1970
289
82
8,539
82
Cooking
Fuel
1960 1970
I
431
6,292
279
330 142 19
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census o Housing,. 960 an. 1970 Detaile'
Housing Characteristics, Final Report, HC(1)-B39, Oregon, U S
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
310
21
122
8,148
533
- 54 -

PUBLIC FINANCE
Table 88.
Selected Items of Local Government Finances, Columbia County, 1966-67
Item
Columbia County
Total Per Capita
Amount Amount
State
Per Capita
Amount
$1,000 - - dollars -
-
Genral revenue, exc. interlocal..
Intergovernmental revenue
From state government
From local sources
Taxes
Property
Other
Charges and miscellaneous
$8,811
1,767
1,767
7,114
3,560
3,495
64
3,555
$336.40
66.92
66.92
269.48
134.83
132.39
2.44
134.65
Direct general expenditure
Capital outlay
Other
Education
Other than capital outlay
Highways
Other than capital outlay
Public welfare
Hospitals
Other than capital outlay
Health
Police protection
Fire protection
Sewerage
Other than capital outlay
Sanitation other than sewerage
Parks and recreation
Natural resources
Housing and urban renewal
Correction
Libraries
Financial administration
General control
General public buildings
Interest on general debt
Other and unallocable
8,005
1,677
6,328
5,082
3,766
839
753
10
668
654
89
166
47
112
39
2
56
110
-
12
7
142
234
63
135
231
303.22
63.54
239.68
192.51
142.66
31.79
28.52
.40
25.31
24.77
3.37
6.28
1.76
4.23
1.47
.07
2.10
4.18
-
.47
.26
5 37
8.87
2.38
5.13
8.75
Water supply revenue
Water supply expenditure
General debt outstanding
Long-term
Local schools
Other
SOURCE:
234
285
4,613
4,416
2,883
1,533
8.88
10.79
174.72
167.25
109.19
58.07
12
13
214
203
101
101
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Compendium of
Government Finances, Vol. 4, No. 5, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
316
62
254
180
152
30
20
2
6
2
10
4
4
2
3
4
12
9
8
3
6
21
5
8
3
$308
97
83
210
156
151
5
54
- 55 -

Table 89.
City Valuation, Tax Rates and Taxes Extended in Columbia County for 1971-72 Fiscal Year
Item
Population
True Cash Value (TCV)
Per capita TCV
City tax
Consolidated tax
Per capita tax
City
Consolidated
Percentage of total levy
County
City
School
Other
Average rate/$1,000 TCV
County
City
School
Other
Total
St. Helens
6,330
$32,370,633
5,114
211,380
893,639
33
141
8.8
23.7
59.9
7.6
2.43
6.53
16.55
2.10
27.61
Clatskanie
1,315
$10, 115,617
7,692
41,373
254,104
31
193
9.7
16.3
61.0
13.0
2.43
4.09
15.33
3.27
25.12
Ranier Scappoose
J
1,645 2,161
$9,089,005 $12,084,596
5,209 5,592
95,162 93,172
295,393 395,045
55
169
7.5
32.2
58.2
2.1
2.43
10.47
18.91
.69
32.50
43
183
7.4
23.6
66.8
2.1
2.43
7.71
21.85
.70
32.69
Item
Vernoni a Columbia City Prescott
Population
True Cash Value (TCV)
Per capita TCV
City tax
Consolidated tax
Per capita tax
City
Consolidated
Percentage of total levy
County
City
School
Other
Average rate/$1000 TCV
County
City
School
Other
Total
1,645
$5,504,237
3,346
61,262
153,513
37
93
8.7
39.9
51.4
.0
2.43
11.13
14.33
.00
27.89
540
$9,713,837
17,989
6,314
210,970
12
391
11.2
3.0
76.2
9.6
2.43
.65
16.55
2.09
21.72
100
$226,383
2,264
500
5,488
5
55
10.0
9.1
78.0
2.8
2.43
2.21
18.91
.69
24.24
SOURCE:
Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property Tax
Collections, Research and Special Services Division, 1972.
- 56 -

Table 90.
Summary of 1971-72 Property Tax Levies and Assessments,
Columbia County
Item
Amount in Dollars
Levies
County
Cities
Community colleges
Elementary and secondary school districts
Intermediate county
Education joint
Elementary and unified
Union high
County unit
Total school districts
Special districts
Cemetery
Fire protection
Hospital
Park and recreation
Port
Road
Sanitary
Water supply
Other
Total special districts
Total gross ad valorem levies
Special assessments
Fire patrol
Forest fee
Diking and drainage
Irrigation,
Lighting
Other
Total special assessments
Total gross levies and assessments
Less property relief money
Senior citizens
Game commission
Total net ad valorem levies
Net ad valorem taxes by class
Real property
Personal property
Utility property
SOURCE:
$674,523
509,164
158,356
1,801,503
2,891,093
4,692,596
9,469
284,282
43,331
16,269
44,909
74,849
473,109
6,507,748
68,912
13,290
59,799
11,880
153,881
6,661,629
52,078
6,455 ,670
5,031,369
681,587
742,715
Oregon State Department of Revenue, 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property Tax Collections, Research and Special
Services
Division, 1972.
- 57
-.

Table 91.
Summary of Assessment Rolls for 1971-72 Fiscal Year Real Property
Personal Property and Utilities, Colunthia County
I tern
Assessed
Value
Percent of
Total l,000
Class
Real property
Lands inside corporate limits
Lands outside corporate limits
Improvements inside corporate limits
Improvements outside corporate limits
Timber (excludes land)
Less veterans exemptions
Less senior citizens residence exemptions
Taxable real property
$13,523
41,089
51,687
105,854
7,510
2,698
2,004
214,961
4.90
14.91
18.75
38.41
2.72
.97
.72
76.56
Personal property
Merchandise and stock in trade
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
Farm machinery and equipment
Livestock
Other machinery and equipment
Miscellaneous
Less veterans exemptions
Less senior citizens residence exemptions
Taxable personal property
13,461
2,308
2,239
7,265
3,471
76
39
29,655
4.88
.83
.37
.81
2.63
1.25
.02
.01
10.76
Total taxable real and personal property
244,616 88.77
Utilities
Airline companies
Electric companies
Express companies
Gas companies
Heating companies
Pipeline companies
Railroad companies
Tank and private car companies
Telegraph companies
Telephone companies
Water companies
Water transportation companies
Taxable utility property
17,268
4,473
2,085
4
5,607
32
1,448
30,917
6.26
1.62
.75
1/
2.0
.01
.52
11.22
Total taxable real, personal and utility property
275,534 100.00
1/ Less than .01 percent.
SOURCE
Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessments and Tax
Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property
Tax Collections, Research and Special Services Division, 1972.
- 58 -

Table 92.
Amount and Percent of Unpaid 1970-71 Property Tax, as of June 30, 1971, Columbia County
Item
Total
Amount
Amount
Unpaid
Percent
Unpaid
Property taxable
Real
Personal
Public utilities
Western Oregon additional timber tax
Yield tax
Other
Total for collection
$4,611,386
700,963
544,375
19,626
206,216
596
6,083,162
$759,906
96,178
38,637
541
NA
16.5
13.7
7.1
NA - not available.
SOURCE:
Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax
Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property
Tax Collections, Research and Special Services Division, 1972.
- 59 -

Selected List of Agencies
The following list gives names and addresses of agencies that have served as data sources for this publication and may provide further or more current data on subjects of interest.
In addition, a number of local and county of f ices are available to offer local information and assistance, including:
Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation
Ass essor
City Library
Corrections and Parole
County Engineer
County Extension
County Surveyor
Employment Division
Game Commission
Health Department
Public Welfare
Soil Conservation Service
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, University of Oregon, Eugene,
Oregon 97403
Center for Population Research and Census, Portland State University,
724 S.W. Harrison, Portland, Oregon 97201
Children Services Division, Oregon State Department of Human Resources,
Public Services Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Department of Environmental Quality, 1234 S.W. Morrison, Portland, Oregon
97204
Economic Research Service, U.S.D.A. Extension Hall, Oregon State University,
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Extension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Fish Commission of Oregon, 1400 S.W. 5th St., Portland, Oregon 97201
4-H Youth Office, Extension Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
Oregon 97331
Forest Service, U.S.D.A., 319 S.W. Pine St., Portland, Oregon 97204
Governor's Office, Economic Development Special Projects,
State Capital
Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
60

Local Government Relations Division, Oregon Executive Department, 240
Cottage S.E., Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Allen Hall, University of Oregon,
Eugene, Oregon 97403
Oregon Board of Higher Education, School Finance and Statistical
Services, 942 Lancaster Dr. N.E., Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 1400 S.W. 5th St.,
Portland, Oregon 97201
Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, 4263 Commercial S.E., Salem,
Oregon 97310
Oregon State Department of Revenue, State Office Building, Salem, Oregon
97310
Oregon State Employment Division, Community Manpower, Research and
Statistics, or Rural Manpower Sections, Labor and Industries Building,
Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Game Commission, 1634 Alder, Portland, Oregon 97214
Oregon State Health Division, Department of Human Resources, 1400 S.W.
5th, Portland, Oregon 97201
Oregon State Highway Division, State Parks and Recreation Section, 8009 E.
Burnside, Portland, Oregon 97215
Oregon State Lands Division, 502 Winter N.E., Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Library, State Library Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Oregon State Public Welfare Division, Department of Human Resources,
Public Services Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service,
809 N.E. 6th St., Portland, Oregon 97232
Secretary of State's Office, State Capital Building, Salem, Oregon 97310
Soil Conservation Service, U.S.D.A., 1218 S.W. Washington, Portland,
Oregon 97205
State Water Resources Board, 1158 Chemeketa N.E., Salem, Oregon 97310
U.S. Department of Commerce, 921 S.W. Washington, Portland, Oregon 97204
(for copies of U.S. Census publications)
- 61 -

Selected Bibliography
Bureau of Business and Economic Research, Oregon Economic Statistics
1972, University of Oregon, 1972.
Carolan, W. B. Jr., Federal Land Oregon, Oregon State University, 1963.
Coppedge, Robert 0., Agriculture in Oregon Counties - Farm Sales and
General Characteristics, Special Report 330, Oregon State University
Extension Service, Corvallis, Oregon, 1971.
Center for Population Research and Census, Population Egtimates of
Counties and Incorporated Cities of Oregon, Portland State University,
July 1972.
Legislative Fiscal Committee, Inventory of State-Owned Real Property,
By County, Sec. 7, 115 State Capital, Salem, Oregon, 1970.
Manock, Eugene R., Grover A. Choate, and Donald R. Gedney, Oregon
Timber Industries, 1968, Wood Consumption and Mill Characteristics,
Oregon State Department of Forestry jointly with U.S. Forest Service,
Salem, Oregon, 1968.
Nielsen, Alice M., Editor, Directory of Oregon Libraries, annual statistics for the year ending June 30, 1970, Oregon State Library, Salem, Oregon.
Office of the Governor, Planning Division, Health Facts, 1969.
Oregon Association of Broadcasters, Directory of Radio and Television
Stations for the State of Oregon, 1972.
Oregon Board of Higher Education, 1969 School Directory and 1971-72 Oregon
School-Community College Directory, School Finance and Statistical Services.
Oregon Conservation Needs Committee, Oregon Soil and Water Conservation
Needs Inventory, U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service and Oregon State
University Extension Service, 1971.
Oregon Department of Planning and Development, Resources for Development,
1964.
Oregon Educational Coordinating Council, Post Secondary Enrollment in
Oregon, An Analysis of the Statewide Student Enrollment Data Survey, 1972.
Oregon State Board of Census, Components of Population Growth, Population
Bulletin P-3, 1961.
Oregon State Board of Health, Oregon Plan for Construction and Modernization of Hospitals, Public Health Centers and Medical Facilities, 1971
Annual Revision, Health Facility Planning and Construction Section, 1971.
- 62 -

Oregon State Department of Employment, 1965 Oregon Farm Labor Report, 1966.
Oregon State Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Control
In Oregon, Oregon Sanitary Authority, 1970.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Children Services Division,
Adolescent Population and Commitment Data by County, by Calendar Year
1967-1970.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Labor
Force and Employment in Oregon by County 1968 through 1971 publications,
Research and Statistics Section, 1969, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, 1971
Annual Rural Manpower Report, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Employment Division, Oregon
Covered Employment and Payrolls, 1970 and 1971, Summary Data, Research and Statistics Section, 1971, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon Public Welfare Division,
Public Welfare in Oregon, various editions.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division,
Implementation and Enforcement Plan for the Public Waters of the State of Oregon, Oregon Sanitary Authority, Portland, Oregon, 1967.
Oregon State Department of Human Resources, Oregon State Health Division,
Vital Statistics Annual Report, Vital Statistics Section, 1971.
Oregon State Department of Revenue, First Biennial Report 1968-70.
Oregon State Department of Revenue, Summary of Assessment and Tax Rolls for the 1971-72 Fiscal Year and 1969-70 and 1970-71 Property Tax
Collections, Research and Special Services Division, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division "Day
Visitor Attendance", State Parks and Recreation Section, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division, "Overnight Camping by the Public", State Parks and Recreation Section, 1972.
Oregon State Department of Transportation, State Highway Division, "The
State Park Visitor in Oregon", State Parks and Recreation Division.
Oregon State Executive Department, Clay Myers, Secretary of State,
Oregon Blue Book, 1973-74, January 1973.
Oregon State Executive Department, Economic Development Division,
Directory of Oregon Manufacturers - 1970.
- 63 -

Oregon State Executive Department, Program Planning Division, District
Facts, 1970.
Oregon State Fisheries Commission, 1968 and 1971 Annual Report.
Oregon State Game Commission, 1968 and 1971 Annual Report, Oregon State
Game Commission.
Oregon State Game Commission, "Oregon State Game Commission Bulletin",
May 1972.
Oregon State Water Resources Board, River Basin Reports.
Simenson, G. H., E. G. Knox, H. W. Hill, and R. W. Mayko, General Soil
Map Reports with Irrigable Areas, Oregon State University Agricultural
Experiment Station with U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service in cooperation with Oregon State Water Resources Board.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Agriculture, 1969, Vol. 1, Area
Reports, Part 47, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1972.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Retail Trade: Oregon,
BC 67 - BA 39, U.S. Govermnent Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Business, 1967 Wholesale Trade:
Oregon, BC 67 - WA 39, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. 4, No. 5:
Compendium of Government Finances, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Governments, 1967, Vol. 3, No. 2:
Compendium of Public Employment, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1969.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Housing: 1970 Detailed Housing
Characteristics, Final Report HC(1) - B39, Oregon, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1972.
U.s. Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufacturers, 1967, Area Services:
Oregon, MC 67(3) - 38, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1970.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population, General Demographic
Trends for Metropolitan Areas, 1960 to 1970, Final Report PHC(2) - 39,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970 General Population
Characteristics, Final Report PC(l)
Office, Washington, D.C., 1971.
- B39, Oregon, U.S. Government Printing
- 64 -

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970
General Social and Economic Characteristics, Final Report PC(1) - C39, Oregon, U S
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
1972.
U.S.D.A. and Oregon State University Extension Service cooperating,
"Oregon Commodity Data Sheets", Oregon State University,
1971-72.
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Data Service, Climatological Data, Annual Summary
No. 13,
1971.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Decennial Census of U.S.
Climate, Supplement for 1951 through
1960,
Oregon No.
86-31, 1965.
U.S. Forest Service, Forest statistics publications for various Oregon regions, Resource Bulletins, Pacific Northwest Experiment Station.
U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey Reports.
Valde, Gary R. and Robert 0. Coppedge, Income and Poverty Data for
Racial Groups:
Special Report
A Compilation for Oregon Census County Divisions,
367,
Oregon State University Extension Service,
Corvallis, Oregon,
1972.
Wall, Brian R.,
Bulletin
"1970
Timber Harvest", U.S.D.A. Forest Service Resource
PNW-38, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range
Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon,
1971.
65 -

Extenaion ServIcs1 Oregon State University, Co'waIfle Joesph S. Cox d.Thsbacmcewasprodwmd
and distributed is furtherance Ct the Ants of Congress of Maya and June 30, lIlt Extension work isa cooperative program f Oregon State Ikiversity the U S. Department of Agris Iture,adthegon coisutse.