Ôåäåðàëüíàÿ Ñëóæáà Ëåñíîãî
Õîçÿéñòâà Ðîññèè
Äàëüíåâîñòî÷íûé íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé
èíñòèòóò ëåñíîãî õîçÿéñòâà
Õåõöèðñêîå îïûòíîå ëåñíîå õîçÿéñòâî
ÊÅÄÐÎÂÎ-ØÈÐÎÊÎËÈÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÅ
ËÅÑÀ ÄÀËÜÍÅÃÎ ÂÎÑÒÎÊÀ
Ìàòåðèàëû ïîëåâîé ýêñêóðñèè 03.10.1996 ã.
Õàáàðîâñê - ïîñ. Êîðôîâñêèé
1996
Õåõöèðñêîå îïûòíîå ëåñíîå õîçÿéñòâî
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Federal Forest Service of Russia
Far East Forestry
Research Institute
Khekhtsir Experimental Forest
KOREAN PINE-BROADLEAVED
FORESTS OF THE FAR EAST
Information on field excursion October 3, 1996
Khabarovsk, Settlement of Korfovski
1996
Khekhtsir Experimental Forest
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Ñõåìà ðàçìåùåíèÿ ëåñîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ îáúåêòîâ äåìîíñòðàöèè
ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÌÀ ÝÊÑÊÓÐÑÈÈ Â ÕÅÕÖÈÐÑÊÎÅ ÎÏÛÒÍÎÅ ËÅÑÍÎÅ
ÕÎÇßÉÑÒÂÎ
3 îêòÿáðÿ, ÷åòâåðã
08.30 Îòúåçä îò èíñòèòóòà.
09.15 Öåíòðàëüíàÿ óñàäüáà îïûòíîãî õîçÿéñòâà.
09.30 Îáúåêò 1. Òåïëè÷íîå õîçÿéñòâî.
09.50 Ïåðååçä íà îáúåêò 2.
10.10 Îáúåêò 2. Ïîñòîÿííûå ïðîáíûå ïëîùàäè êåäðîâíèêà êîðîòêî-âîññòàíîâèòåëüíîãî
ðÿäà ðàçâèòèÿ.
11.30 Ïåðååçä íà îáúåêò 3.
12.10 Îáúåêò 3. Äåâñòâåííûé êåäðîâíèê.
12.40 Ïåðååçä íà îáúåêòû 4 è 5.
13.10 Îáúåêòû 4 è 5. Ó÷àñòêè êîìïëåêñíûõ ðóáîê.
13.30 Ïåðåðûâ íà îáåä.
14.30 Ïåðåeçä íà îáúåêò 6.
14.50 Îáúåêò 6. Ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûå ëåñíûå êóëüòóðû êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî.
15.10 Ïåðåeçä íà îáúåêò 7.
15.30 Îáúåêò 7. Ãåãðàôè÷åñêèå êóëüòóðû êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî è êåäðà ñèáèðñêîãî.
15.50 Ïåðåeçä íà îáúåêò 8.
16.10 Îáúåêò 8. Ëåñîñåìåííàÿ ïëàíòàöèÿ.
15.30 Ïåðååçä â ï. Êîðôîâñêèé.
18.00 Óæèí.
20.30 Âîçâðàùåíèå â Õàáàðîâñê.
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Location plan of forest objects for presentation
PROGRAM OF EXCURSION TO KHEKHTSIR EXPERIMENTAL FOREST
October 3, Thursday
08:30 AM
Departure from Institute
09:15 AM
Central Farm of Experimental Forest
09:30 AM
Object 1. Greenhouse facilities
09:50 AM
Move to Object 2
10:10 AM
Object 2. Permanent experimental Korean pine areas of short-term
reproduction evolution
11:30 AM
Move to Object 3
12:10 AM
Object 3. Pristine Korean pine forest
12:40 AM
Move to Objects 4 and 5
01:10 PM
Objects 4 and 5. Complex logging areas
01:30 PM
Lunch break
02:30 PM
Move to Object 6
02:50 PM
Object 6. Productive forest cultures of Korean pine
03:10 PM
Move to Object 7
03:30 PM
Object 7. Geographic cultures of Korean and Siberian pines
03:50 PM
Move to Object 8
04:10 PM
Object 8. Forest seed plantation
04:30 PM
Move to Settlement of KorfovskI
06:00 PM
Dinner
08:30 PM
Return to Khabarovsk
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Ôåäåðàëüíàÿ Ñëóæáà Ëåñíîãî Õîçÿéñòâà Ðîññèè
Ïîÿñíåíèÿ ïî îáúåêòàì, ëåñíîìó ôîíäó è äåÿòåëüíîñòè îïûòíîãî õîçÿéñòâà äàþò Â.Í.
Êîðÿêèí - çàì. äèðåêòîðà ïî íàóêå ÄàëüÍÈÈËÕà è Ã.Ä. Øåëîãàåâ - äèðåêòîð Õåõöèðñêîãî
îïûòíîãî ëåñíîãî õîçÿéñòâà.
Òåêñò ïîäãîòîâëåí Â.Í. Êîðÿêèíûì.
1. Îáùàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà õîçÿéñòâà
ýòèì îäíîé èç ãëàâíûõ çàäà÷ ëåñíîãî õîçÿéñòâà
ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîäåéñòâèå ïîñòåïåííîìó âîññòàíîâëåíèþ óòðà÷åííûõ êåäðîì êîðåéñêèì ñâîèõ ïîçèöèé.
Õåõöèðñêîå îïûòíîå ëåñíîå õîçÿéñòâî ðàñïîëîæåíî â ïðèãîðîäå ãîðîäà Õàáàðîâñêà íà ñêëîíàõ
õðåáòîâ Áîëüøîé è Ìàëûé Õåõöèð. Â ñòðóêòóðå
ÄàëüÍÈÈËÕà ñ 1960 ãîäà.
Ñðåäíèå òàêñàöèîííûå ïîêàçàòåëè íàñàæäåíèé ñ
ïðåîáëàäàíèåì êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî: êëàññ áîíèòåòà
– III,8, ïîëíîòà – 0,50, çàïàñ ñïåëûõ äðåâîñòîå⠖
198 êóá.ì/ãà, ôîðìóëà ñîñòàâà – 3Ê2Áæ1Ëï1Åà1ß1Êì1Ï.
Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü 22.0 òûñ. ãà. Ëåñà îòíîñÿòñÿ ê 1
ãðóïïå, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ÷àñòüþ çåëåíîé çîíû ã.Õàáàðîâñêà.
Ïî ëåñîðàñòèòåëüíîìó ðàéîíèðîâàíèþ Äàëüíåãî
Âîñòîêà òåððèòîðèÿ õîçÿéñòâà âõîäèò â Ïðèìîðñêî-Óññóðèéñêóþ îáëàñòü õâîéíî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ.
 öåëÿõ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî õîçÿéñòâî ïðîâîäèò ñëåäóþùèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ:
 ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîâîäèâøèõñÿ â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå
òåêóùåãî ñòîëåòèÿ ïðîìûøëåííûõ ðóáîê êîðåííàÿ
ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü â ðÿäå ìåñò ïðåòåðïåëà áîëüøèå
èçìåíåíèÿ, ïðîèçîøëà ñìåíà ïðåîáëàäàþùåé
äðåâåñíîé ïîðîäû. Ïî äàííûì ëåñîóñòðîéñòâà
1994 ãîäà â ëåñíîì ôîíäå õîçÿéñòâà íàñàæäåíèÿ
ñ ïðåîáëàäàíèåì êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî ñîñòàâëÿþò
6,5%, äðóãèõ õâîéíûõ (åëü, ïèõòà, ëèñòâåííèöà,
ñîñíà) – 22,9%, òâåðäîëèñòâåííûõ (äóá, ÿñåíü,
êëåí, áåðåçà ðåáðèñòàÿ) – 16,1% è ìÿãêîëèñòâåííûõ (áåðåçà áåëàÿ, îñèíà. îëüõà, ëèïà, èâà) –
54,5%. Êåäð êîðåéñêèé ñîõðàíèë ñâîå ïðèñóòñòâèå â êà÷åñòâå ñîñòàâëÿþùåé ïîðîäû â äðåâîñòîå
èëè ïîäðîñòå â áîëüøèíñòâå íàñàæäåíèé ñ ïðåîáëàäàíèåì òâåðäîëèñòâåííûõ ïîðîä. Âîçîáíîâëåíèå êåäðà âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ïîä ïîëîãîì íàñàæäåíèé îñèíû, áåðåçû áåëîé, âîçíèêøèõ â ìåñòàõ
êîðåííûõ êåäðîâíèêîâ, è äàæå â êóëüòóðàõ ëèñòâåííèöû. Âñåãî êåäðîâûìè òèïàìè ëåñà çàíÿòî 5,4
òûñ.ãà (22,7%) ëåñíûõ çåìåëü. Íàñàæäåíèé ñ
ïðåîáëàäàíèåì êåäðà èìååòñÿ 1,3 òûñ.ãà. Íà îñòàëüíîé ïëîùàäè áûâøèõ êåäðîâíèêîâ (4,1 òûñ.ãà)
ïðîèçðàñòàþò íàñàæäåíèÿ ñ ïðåîáëàäàíèåì äðóãèõ ïîðîä (îñèíû, áåðåçû ðåáðèñòîé). Â ñâÿçè ñ
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(1) âûðàùèâàåò ñåÿíöû êåäðà â òåïëèöàõ ñ âûõîäîì 300-500 òûñ. øò. åæåãîäíî;
(2) ñîçäàåò ëåñíûå êóëüòóðû ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî
ñïîñîáîì ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ìàëîöåííûõ íàñàæäåíèé
íà ïëîùàäè 80-100 ãà åæåãîäíî;
(3) îñóùåñòâëÿåò ëåñîõîçÿéñòâåííûé óõîä çà ìîëîäíÿêàìè è ëåñíûìè êóëüòóðàìè êåäðà – 100-130
ãà;
(4) ïðîâîäèò ðàçíûå âèäû ëåñîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ðóáîê, ñïîñîáñòâóþùèõ óâåëè÷åíèþ ïëîùàäè êåäðîâîãî õîçÿéñòâà, ðîñòó è ðàçâèòèþ äåðåâüåâ êåäðà â íàñàæäåíèè, ïîäðîñòå è âîçîáíîâëåíèÿ;
(5) ðàçâèâàåò ëåñîñåìåííîå ïëàíòàöèîííîå õîçÿéñòâî;
(6) îñóùåñòâëÿåò ñèñòåìó ïðîòèâîïîæàðíûõ ìåð.
Âñå ðàáîòû âûïîëíÿþòñÿ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ Ïðîåêòîì îðãàíèçàöèè è ðàçâèòèÿ ëåñíîãî õîçÿéñòâà,
ïëàíàìè îïûòíûõ ðàáîò.
Russian Federal Forest Service
Explanation on the objects, forest fund and functioning of the
Experimental Forest are delivered by V.N. Koryakin, Deputy Director of DALNIILKH*, and
G.D. Shelogaev, Director of Khekhtsir Experimental Forest
The text is arranged by V.N. Koryakin
1. General characteristics of the forest
The Khekhtsir Experimental Forest is located in the
suburbs of Khabarovsk, on slopes of the Bolshoi and
Malyi Khekhtsir Ranges and has been under supervision of DALNIILKH since 1960.
with other prevailing species (aspen, yellow birch). In
view of the above, the major purpose of the forest is
to assist a gradual restitution of the status lost by the
the Korean pine.
The total area equals 22,000 hectares. The forests
belong to the 1st Group, being a part of the Khabarovsk green zone.
The average taxation indices of the stands featuring
the predominance of the Korean pine are as follows:
quality of locality class–III.8, density–0.50, reserves
of mature forest stands–198 m 3/ha, composition formula–3Ê2Áæ1Ëï1Åà1ß1Êì1Ï.
According to forest zoning in the Far East, the forest
is included in the Primorye-Ussury region of coniferous-broadleaved forests.
With the view of the Korean pine regeneration the
following measures are undertaken by the forestry:
As a result of intensive logging in the first half of the
current century, the original vegetation has drastically
changed in some areas, with the following replacement of predominant timber species. According to the
forest inventory data of 1994, the forest timber stock
comprises the following percentage of stands: with
predominance of the Korean pine–6.5%, of other coniferous species (spruce, fir, larch, pine)–22.9%, of
hard-leaved species (oak, ash, maple, yellow birch),
and of soft-leaved species (white birch, aspen, alder,
linden tree, willow)–54.5%. The Korean pine has preserved its role as a component species in a stand or
undergrowth in most forest stand areas featuring the
prevalence of hard-leaved species. Regeneration of
the Korean pine is observed under the canopy of aspen and white birch stands growing in the original
areas of the Korean pine forests, as well as among
the larch cultures. In total, the Korean pine forests
take up 5,4000 ha (22.7%) of the reforested lands.
The stands with prevailing Korean pine cover the area
of 1,300 ha. In the remaining zone of the former Korean pine forests (4,100 ha), there grow the stands
(1) growing Korean pine nursery stock in greenhouses
with an annual capacity of 300,000–350,000 seedlings;
2) annual production of forest cultures mainly by reconstruction of the low-value stands in the area of
80–100 ha;
(3) tending young stock and forest cultures of the
Korean pine in the area of 100-130 ha;
(4) accomplishment of various logging techniques promoting the expansion of the Korean pine areas and
evolution of the Korean pine trees in stands, new
growth and regeneration;
(5) development of forest-seed plantations;
(6) a system of fire control activities.
All work is performed in keeping with the Project of
organization and development of forest management,
as well as with the plans of experimental works.
* "DALNIILKH" is a transliteration of the Russian acronym for the "Far Eastern Forestry Research Institute" located in
Khabarovsk, Russia.
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2. Êðàòêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà äåìîíñòðàöèîííûõ îáúåêòîâ
Ðàçìåùåíèå îáúåêòîâ ïîêàçàíî íà ñõåìå.
Îáúåêò 4 ó÷àñòîê íåîäíîêðàòíîãî ïðîâåäåíèÿ
ëåñîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ðóáîê â ïðîèçâîëüíûõ êåäðîâíèêàõ ñ ïðåîáëàäàíèåì áåðåçû ðåáðèñòîé. Ïðåäñòàâëåí ðàáî÷åé (¹10) è êîíòðîëüíîé (¹11) ïîñòîÿííûìè ïðîáíûìè ïëîùàäÿìè. Íàáëþäåíèÿ
âåäóòñÿ ñ 1966 ãîäà.
Îáúåêò 1. Âûðàùèâàíèå ïîñàäî÷íîãî ìàòåðèàëà
â öåëÿõ ñîçäàíèÿ êóëüòóð êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî.
 õîçÿéñòâå îñâîåíà ðàçðàáîòàííàÿ ÄàëüÍÈÈËÕîì òåõíîëîãèÿ âûðàùèâàíèÿ ïîñàäî÷íîãî ìàòåðèàëà â çàêðûòîì ãðóíòå. Ñðîê âûðàùèâàíèÿ
ñåÿíöåâ äî ñòàíäàðòíûõ ðàçìåðîâ 2-3 ãîäà. Îðåõè çàãîòàâëèâàþò â ëåñàõ õîçÿéñòâà è íà ëåñîñåìåííîé ïëàíòàöèè. Òåïëè÷íûé êîìïëåêñ ïîëíîñòüþ îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïîòðåáíîñòè õîçÿéñòâà â
ïîñàäî÷íîì ìàòåðèàëå êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî.
Ïåðâûå ëåñîõîçÿéñòâåííûå ðóáêè (êîìïëåêñíûå)
ïðîâåäåíû çèìîé 1966-1967 ãã. ñ âûðóáêîé ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî áåðåçû ðåáðèñòîé è ñíèæåíèåì ïîëíîòû íàñàæäåíèÿ ñ 0,8 äî 0,5. Èíòåíñèâíîñòü ðóáêè
ïî çàïàñó 34%.  ðåçóëüòàòå ýòîé ðóáêè íàñàæäåíèå áûëî ïðåîáðàçîâàíî â åëîâî-ïèõòîâîå ñ ó÷àñòèåì êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî.
Îáúåêò 2 ïðåäñòàâëåí ó÷àñòêàìè äëèòåëüíîãî
íàáëþäåíèÿ çà íàñàæäåíèÿìè êîðîòêî-âîññòàíîâèòåëüíîãî ðÿäà ðàçâèòèÿ.
Ïîñëåäóþùàÿ ðóáêà ïðîâåäåíà â 1993 ã. Èíòåíñèâíîñòü ðóáêè ïî ÷èñëó ñòâîëî⠖ 28,7%, ïî
çàïàñó – 44,8%, â òîì ÷èñëå ïî êåäðó – 0, åëè –
55,5, ïèõòå – 31,9, ÿñåíþ – 50,0, îñèíå – 87,1. Â
ïðîöåññå îáåèõ ðóáîê âûðóáëåíî 206 êóá.ì çàïàñà.
 ïîñëåðóáî÷íîì íàñàæäåíèè ó÷àñòèå êåäðà â
ñîñòàâå äðåâîñòîÿ óâåëè÷èëîñü äî 2 åäèíèö. Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ïîäðîñòà è òîíêîìåðà ïîñëå
ðóáêè 2,6 òûñ. øò/ãà, íà êåäð ïðèõîäèòñÿ 9%.
Ïîñòîÿííàÿ ïðîáíàÿ ïëîùàäü (ÏÏÏ) ¹12 ðàñïîëîæåíà â êåäðîâî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííîì ëåñó, ïðîéäåííîì ïðèèñêîâîé ðóáêîé â 40-õ ãîäàõ. Òîãäà
áûëî âûðóáëåíî ñ 1 ãà 26 äåðåâüåâ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî êåäðà, à òàêæå åëè ñ îáúåìîì äðåâåñèíû 75 êóá.ì. Ïîñëå ðóáêè êåäð âðåìåííî óòðàòèë
â äðåâîñòîå ïðåîáëàäàíèå. Ñ òåõ ïîð íèêàêèõ ëåñîâîññòàíîâèòåëüíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé íà ó÷àñòêå íå
ïðîâîäèëîñü.  ïîñëåäóþùåì, â òå÷åíèå 25-30
ëåò, â ðåçóëüòàòå óñêîðåííîãî ðîñòà òîíêîìåðíûõ
äåðåâüåâ è ïîäðîñòà, êåäð ÷àñòè÷íî âîññòàíîâèë
ñâîå ïîëîæåíèå è ïî çàïàñó ñòàë ïðåîáëàäàþùèì
â äðåâîñòîå. Êåäð èìååòñÿ òàêæå âî âòîðîì è
òðåòüåì ÿðóñàõ, à ïî ñîâîêóïíîñòè âñåé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè íàñàæäåíèå ïðèíèìàåò îáëèê äåâñòâåííîãî êåäðîâî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííîãî ëåñà.
 êîíòðîëüíîì íàñàæäåíèè íèêàêèõ õîçÿéñòâåííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé íå ïðîâîäèëîñü.  ðåçóëüòàòå åñòåñòâåííûõ ïðîöåññîâ îòìå÷àåòñÿ íåêîòîðîå ñíèæåíèå â íàñàæäåíèè äîëè áåðåçû ðåáðèñòîé è óâåëè÷åíèå òåìíîõâîéíûõ. Ó÷àñòèå êåäðà ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ áåç èçìåíåíèÿ – íà óðîâíå 0,2 åäèíèöû.
Îáúåêò 5 (ÏÏÏ ¹ 17 – 1995) – ó÷àñòîê îïûòíîïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé êîìïëåêñíîé ðóáêè â ëèñòâåííî-õâîéíîì íàñàæäåíèè ñ ó÷àñòèåì äî ðóáêè
â ñîñòàâå äðåâîñòîÿ 8 äðåâåñíûõ ïîðîä (3 õâîéíûå – êåäð, åëü, ïèõòà è 5 ëèñòâåííûõ – îñèíà,
áåðåçà ðåáðèñòàÿ, ÿñåíü. äóá è ëèïà). Ïðåîáëàäàþùàÿ ïîðîäà – îñèíà. Òèï ëåñà – êåäðîâíèê
êëåíîâî-ëåùèííûé ñ ëèïîé è áåðåçîé ðåáðèñòîé.
Ðàíåå, â 1930-õ ãîäàõ, êåäðîâíèê ïðîéäåí èíòåíñèâíûìè ïðîìûøëåííûìè ðóáêàìè, à â 60-õ ãîäàõ
– ñàíèòàðíûìè ðóáêàìè ñëàáîé èíòåíñèâíîñòè.
Ïðîáíàÿ ïëîùàäü ¹ 1 – 1992 ãîä. Íàñàæäåíèå
êåäðîâî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííîãî ëåñà 40-50 ëåò íàçàä
ïðîéäåíî âûáîðî÷íîé ðóáêîé, ïðè êîòîðîé âûðóáëåíî 75-80 êóá.ì/ãà êåäðà, åëè è ÿñåíÿ. Íà ÷àñòè
ïðîáû â 1991 ãîäó ïðîâåäåíà ñàíèòàðíàÿ ðóáêà
ñëàáîé èíòåíñèâíîñòè. Êåäð ïîñòåïåííî âîññòàíàâëèâàåò ñâîå ó÷àñòèå â äðåâîñòîå è äðóãèõ
êîìïîíåíòàõ íàñàæäåíèÿ. Íà åãî äîëþ ïðèõîäèòñÿ
1/10 ÷àñòü ñòâîëîâ â äðåâîñòîå è 1/5 ÷àñòü çàïàñà.
Ñðåäè äåðåâüåâ êåäðà èìåþòñÿ êðóïíûå ýêçåìïëÿðû, îñòàâøèåñÿ ïîñëå ïðîìûøëåííîé ðóáêè,
è òîíêîìåðíûå, ïåðñïåêòèâíûå â ðîñòå è ðàçâèòèè.
Çàïàñ äî ðóáêè – 254 êóá.ì/ãà, ïîñëå ðóáêè – 126
êóá.ì/ãà (èíòåíñèâíîñòü ðóáêè 50%), ïîëíîòà
ñîîòâåòñòâåííî 0,90 è 0,56.  ÷èñëå âûðóáëåííûõ
ïðåîáëàäàåò ïî çàïàñó îñèíà (31%).
Îáúåêò 3 õàðàêòåðèçóåò ãîðíûé êåäðîâíèê, íå
èñïûòàâøèé ðóáîê ãëàâíîãî èëè èíîãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ, à òàêæå ïîæàðîâ â ïîñëåäíèå 60-70 ëåò.
Íàáëþäåíèÿ çà îáúåêòîì (ÏÏÏ ¹7 è ¹8) âåäóòñÿ
ñ 1962 ãîäà. Èçìåíåíèÿ, ïðîèñõîäÿùèå â ñîñòàâå
äðåâåñíûõ ïîðîä â äðåâîñòîå, âûçâàíû õîäîì åñòåñòâåííûõ ïðîöåññîâ, ñâîéñòâåííûõ äàííîìó
òèïó óñëîâèé ïðîèçðàñòàíèÿ.
 ðåçóëüòàòå ðóáêè íàñàæäåíèå ïåðåâåäåíî â
êåäðîâîå õîçÿéñòâî, ïðîèçîøëî îìîëîæåíèå äðåâîñòîÿ, ïîëó÷åíà ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ ïåðåðàáîòêè â
öåõå òîâàðíàÿ äðåâåñèíà.
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2. Brief Description of Presentation Objects
Object 1. Growing planting material for production of
Korean pine cultures. The forest is using the technology of growing the planting material under closedroot conditions (containerized seedlings) developed
by DALNIILKH Institute. Standard size nursery stock
is grown within 2-3 years. Seeds are collected in the
forest woods and in the forest seed plantation. The
greenhouse complex facilities furnish the Forest completely with the Korean pine nursery stock.
Object 4 is a zone of multiple fellings in the derivative Korean pine forests with the predominant yellow
birch and represented by the work (No. 10) and pilot
(No. 11) permanent experimental areas, being monitored since 1966.
The first complex fellings were accomplished during
the winter of 1966-1967, resulting in cutting of mainly
the yellow birch and in reduction of the stand density
from 0.8 to 0.5. The felling intensity was 34% relative
to reserves. As a result, this stand had been transformed to a spruce-fir one, including the Korean pine
as well.
Object 2 is represented by the areas arranged for a
long-term monitoring of the stands featuring the shortterm reproduction evolution.
The permanent experimental area No.12 is located
in a Korean pine-broadleaved forest subject to exploration felling in the 1940s. At that time, 26 Korean
pine trees per hectare had been cut down, as well as
spruce trees of a 75 cub.m timber volume. After felling, the Korean pine had lost its predominance in the
stand for the time being. Since then, no forest management activities have been undertaken in the area.
During the subsequent period of 25-30 years, as a
result of enhanced growth of thin-stemmed trees and
new growth development, Korean pine trees have
partially restored their position and become predominanant. The Korean pine is observed in the second and third stories as well, and in general, considering all vegetation, the stand is approaching the status of a virgin Korean pine-broadleaved forest.
The subsequent felling was performed in 1993. The
felling intensity percentage equaled 28.7% and 44.8%
relative to the number of trees and to the reserves,
respectively, including 0% of Korean pine, 55.5% of
spruce, 31.9% of fir, 50.0% of ash, and 87.1% of aspen. Totally, 206 cub.m of the reserves had been cut
out during the two fellings. In the after-felling plantation, the share of Korean pine in the stand composition had increased up to 2 units. The total quantity of
new growth and thin-stemmed trees after the felling
is 2,600 pcs/ha, of which Korean pine takes up 9%.
No forest management activities have been accomplished in the pilot area. Some reduction in the share
of yellow birch and increase in that of dark-coniferous species in the stand area are attributed to the
effects of natural processes. The share of Korean pine
has remained unchanged, being at a level of 0.2 units.
Experimental area No. 1, 1992. The Korean pinebroadleaved forest stand was subject to selective felling some 40-50 years ago, resulting in cutting of 7580 cub.m/ha of Korean pine, spruce and ash. Lowintensity sanitary felling was accomplished in 1991 in
some parts of the experimental area. Korean pine
has gradually restored its influence in the stand and
among other components of the plantation, featuring
1/10 of trees in the stand and 1/5 of the reserves.
The Korean pine trees are represented by large-size
specimens left after the exploitation felling, as well
as by thin-stemmed ones with potential for growth
and development.
Object 5 (permanent experimental area No.17, 1995)
represents a zone of experimental-commercial complex felling in the broadleaved-coniferous stand, which
prior to felling used to comprise 8 timber species (3
coniferous ones including the Korean pine, spruce
and fir, and 5 foliacious ones including aspen, ribbed
birch, ash, oak and linden-tree). Aspen exemplifies
the predominant species. The forest conforms to the
type of a maple-filbert Korean-pine forest with some
shares of linden tree and ribbed birch. As early as in
the 1930s, the Korean-pine forest stand was subject
to intensive exploitation felling and low-intensity sanitary felling in the 1960s.
Object 3 is characterized by the mountain Koreanpine forest not subject to any final felling or other types
of cutting, not damaged by forest fires during the last
60-70 years. Monitoring of the Object (permanent
experimental areas No. 7 and No. 8) has been underway since 1962. The changes taking place in the
composition of timber species in the stand have been
caused by evolution of natural processes typical for
the present type of growth conditions.
The reserves' area equaled 250 cubic meters/hectare and 126 cubic meters/hectare (felling intensity
50%) prior to and after felling, respectively, the corresponding densities being 0.90 and 0.56. Aspen trees
were the major ones subject to cutting (31% in respect to the reserves).
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Îáúåêò 6 - ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûå ëåñíûå êóëüòóðû
êåäðà.
è 1,4 ì. Ñîñòîÿíèå äåðåâüåâ êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî:
õîðîøåå – 30, óäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîå – 67, íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîå – 3%. êåäðà ñèáèðñêîãî ñîîòâåòñòâåííî – 0,68 è 32%.
Çàëîæåíû â êîíöå 1980-õ ãîäîâ ïî ðàçíûì òåõíîëîãèÿì â ïîðÿäêå ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ìàëîöåííûõ
ìîëîäíÿêîâ è íà ãàðÿõ, ïðîèñøåäøèõ îò ïîæàðà â
1976 ã. Ïðåîáëàäàþùèå ñïîñîáû ïîäãîòîâêè è
îáðàáîòêè ïî÷âû: ðàñ÷èñòêà ïîëîñ áóëüäîçåðîì,
ïðîêëàäêà áîðîçä 2-õ îòâàëüíûì ïëóãîì ñ ïîñàäêîé ïî ïîëîñàì è ïëàñòàì 2-3-ëåòíèõ ñåÿíöåâ
ëåñîïîñàäî÷íîé ìàøèíîé è âðó÷íóþ. Óõîäû –
îñâîáîæäåíèå îò òðàâÿíîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè â
ïåðâûå ãîäû è îñâåòëåíèå îò áûñòðîðàñòóùèõ
ëèñòâåííûõ ïîðîä è êóñòàðíèêîâ â ïîñëåäóþùåì.
Îáúåêò 8 ëåñîñåìåííàÿ ïëàíòàöèÿ êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî. Ïëàíòàöèÿ âåãåòàòèâíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ
ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî çàëîæåíà â òå÷åíèå 1989 è 1990
ãã. íà ïëîùàäè 1,8 ãà, â ïîñëåäóþùåì ïëîùàäü
óâåëè÷åíà äî 6,5 ãà.  êà÷åñòâå ïîäâîÿ èñïîëüçîâàëè îòñåëåêòèðîâàííûå 2-3-ëåòíèå ñåÿíöû
êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî, ñ çàêðûòîé êîðíåâîé ñèñòåìîé,
äîðàùèâàåìûå â òåïëèöå â òå÷åíèå 1-2 ëåò.
Ïðèâîåì ÿâëÿëèñü ÷åðåíêè ñ ëó÷øèõ íîðìàëüíûõ
äåðåâüåâ. Âåãåòàòèâíîå ïîòîìñòâî ïðåäñòàâëåíî
19 êëîíàìè Õîðñêîé ïîïóëÿöèè. Äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ
ãåíåòè÷åñêîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ñåìÿí, êëîíû ðàñïîëîæåíû ïî ïðèíöèïó ñëó÷àéíîãî ñìåøåíèÿ.
Îáúåêò 7 ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèå êóëüòóðû êåäðà
êîðåéñêîãî è êåäðà ñèáèðñêîãî.
Ïîñàäî÷íûé ìàòåðèàë âûðàùåí â îïûòíîì õîçÿéñòâå èç ñåìÿí, çàãîòîâëåííûõ â Îáîðñêîì, Îáëó÷åíñêîì, Ãóðñêîì ëåñõîçàõ Õàáàðîâñêîãî êðàÿ,
×óãóåâñêîì ëåñõîçå Ïðèìîðñêîãî êðàÿ (êåäð êîðåéñêèé) è â Áóðÿòèè, Èðêóòñêîé, ×èòèíñêîé îáëàñòÿõ
è Êðàñíîÿðñêîì êðàå (êåäð ñèáèðñêèé).Çàëîæåíû
ëåñíûå êóëüòóðû â 1977 ã. 3-ëåòíèìè ñåÿíöàìè íà
ïëîùàäè 5,6 ãà ðÿäàìè â êîëè÷åñòâå 2,0-2,2
òûñ.øò/ãà.
Ïëàíòàöèÿ ïëîäîíîñèò óæå íåñêîëüêî ëåò. Ïåðâûå ïîñåâû íà ñîáðàííûõ íà ïëàíòàöèè ñåìÿí
ïðîèçâåäåíû â 1996 ãîäó.
Ëåñîõîçÿéñòâåííûå ðàáîòû (îáúåêòû 1, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8) âûïîëíåíû Õåõöèðñêèì îïûòíûì ëåñíûì õîçÿéñòâîì ïîä ìåòîäè÷åñêèì ðóêîâîäñòâîì íàó÷íûõ ñîòðóäíèêîâ ÄàëüÍÈÈËÕà: È.È. Ïåðåâåðòàéëî (îáúåêò 1), Ô.Ô. Ìèøêîâà, Ý.À. Ñâå÷êîâîé
(îáúåêò 4), Â.Í. Êîðÿêèíà, Â.Ñ. Ãðåê, Í.Â. Ðîìàíîâîé (îáúåêò 5). Â.È. Øòåéíèêîâîé (îáúåêò 7),
Ä.À. Òèòîðåíêî (îáúåêò 8).
Óõîäû: àãðîòåõíè÷åñêèé â 1977-1978 ãã. è ëåñîâîäñòâåííûå ñ ïîâòîðíîñòüþ 4-6 ëåò.
Ïî äàííûì îñåííåãî ó÷åòà 1994 ã. êóëüòóðû êåäðà
êîðåéñêîãî çíà÷èòåëüíî îïåðåæàþò â ðîñòå êóëüòóðû êåäðà ñèáèðñêîãî. Òàê, ñðåäíèé äèàìåòð íà
âûñîòå ãðóäè ó äðåâüåâ êåäðà êîðåéñêîãî 6,8 ñì, ó
êåäðà ñèáèðñêîãî – 4,1 ñì, ñðåäíÿÿ âûñîòà
ñîîòâåòñòâåííî 4,8 è 3,5 ì, ïðèðîñò ïî âûñîòå çà
ïîñëåäíèå 5 ëåò – 1,8 è 1,3 ì, øèðèíà êðîíû – 2,3
 ïîäãîòîâêå äåìîíñòðàöèîííûõ îáúåêòîâ ïðèíèìàëè ó÷àñòèå: Õåõöèðñêîå îïûòíîå ëåñíîå õîçÿéñòâî (Ã.Ä. Øåëîãàåâ), è íàó÷íûå ñîòðóäíèêè
ÄàëüÍÈÈËÕ: Â.Í. Êîðÿêèí, Â.Ñ. Ãðåê, Í.Â. Âûâîäöåâ, Â.Ã. Ïåòðîâ, À.Ï. Ñàâ÷åíêî è äð.
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As a result of felling, the stand has been transformed
into a Korean pine plantation, the stock has been rejuvenated, thus providing for production of commercial timber.
responding parameters of Korean pine and Siberian
pine trees are as follows: average breast-height diameter 6.8 and 4.1 cm, average height 4.8 and 3.5 m,
growth increment during the last 5 years 1.8 and 1.3
m, and crown width 2.3 and 1.4 m. The general status indices are evaluated for Korean pine and Siberian pine trees as being good (30% and 0%), satisfactory (67% and 68%) and unsatisfactory (3% and 32%),
respectively.
Object 6 includes commercial forest cultures of Korean pine, which was planted at the end of the 1980s
using various technologies of regeneration of lowvalue young trees, in the burnt areas resulting from a
forest fire in 1976. The major methods of pre-planting treatment of the soil included cleaning of strips
with a bulldozer, arrangement of furrows with a doblefurrow plough, with the following planting of 2-3-yearold nursery stock along the strips and furrows, either
manually or using a tree planting machine. Tending
procedures included removal of grassy vegetation during the first years and the subsequent opening-out of
canopy of quick-growing broadleaved species and
bushes.
Object 8 represents a forest seed plantation of Korean pine. A vegetation-origin plantation was initially
established in 1989 and 1990 in the area of 1.8 ha,
being afterwards enlarged up to 6.5 ha. The selected
2-3 year-old nursery containerized seedlings of Korean pine, which were grown for 1-2 years in a greenhouse, had been used as stock, the cuttings from the
best standard trees being used as scions. The vegetative descendants are represented by 19 clones of
the Khor population. The clones are arranged by the
principle of a random mixing so as to provide for genetic diversity of seeds.
Object 7 represents geographic cultures of Korean
pine and Siberian pine.
The planting stock was prepared in the Forest using
seeds collected in Oborski, Obluchenski and Gurski
Forests of Khabarovski Territory, in Chuguevski Forest of Primorski Territory (Korean pine), and in the
Republic of Buryatia, Irkutski and Chita regions and
Krasnoyarski Territory (Siberian pine).
The plantation has been fertile for several years. The
first plantings using the seeds collected in the plantation have been accomplished in 1996.
The forest management activities (Objects 1, 4, 5, 6,
7 and 8) have been executed in the Khekhtsirski Experimental Forest under the methodological supervision of the following DALNIILKH scientists: I.I.
Perevertailo (Object 1),F.F. Mishkova, E.A. Svechkova (Object 4), V.N. Koryakin, V.S. Grek, N.V. Romanova (Object 5), V.I. Shteinikova (Object 7), and D.A.
Titorenko (Object 8).
The forest cultures were planted in 1977 as 3-yearold nursery stock, in the area of 5.6 ha and in the
quantity of 2,000-2,200 pcs/ha.
Tending procedures included agrotechnical methods
in 1977-1978 and silvicultural techniques repeated
every 4-6 years.
According to records of the fall of 1994, the cultures
of Korean pine have considerably surpassed those
of the Siberian pine in growth. For instance, the cor-
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The presentation objects have been arranged with
an assistance of G.D. Shelogaev (Khekhtsirski Experimental Forest), and DALNIILKH scientists, including V.N. Koryakin, V.S. Grek, N.V. Vyvodtsev, V.G.
Petrov, A.P. Savchenko, etc.
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