United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
Recent Publications
of the Pacific Northwest Research Station
Pacific Northwest
Research Station
RE
TU
DE PA
RT
Second Quarter, 2012
MENT OF AGRI C U L
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cover for more
information.
Contents
About the Pacific Northwest Research Station .................................................... 1
Subscribe to Our RSS Feeds .................................................................................... 2
Locate Publications by Using Treesearch ............................................................ 3
Station Publications ................................................................................................... 4
Journals and Other Publications .............................................................................9
Order Form/Mailing List Updates .............................................Inside back cover
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Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2012
The Pacific Northwest Research Station
The Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station is one of 11 research units in the
USDA Forest Service. The research units collectively conduct the most extensive
and productive program of integrated forestry research in the world. The PNW
Research Station was established in 1925. The station has its headquarters in
Portland, Oregon; 11 research laboratories and centers in Alaska, Oregon, and
Washington; and 11 active experimental areas (watershed, range, and experimental
forests). The station also conducts research in more than 20 research natural areas.
Our mission is to generate and communicate scientific knowledge that helps
people understand and make informed choices about people, natural resources,
and the environment.
PNW Research Station Laboratories and Centers
Anchorage
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3301 C Street, Suite 200
Anchorage, AK 99503-3954
Corvallis
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3200 SW Jefferson Way
Corvallis, OR 97331-4401
Fairbanks
Boreal Ecology Cooperative
Research Unit
University of Alaska Fairbanks
P.O. Box 756780
Fairbanks, AK 99775-6780
Juneau
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
11305 Glacier Highway
Juneau, AK 99801-8545
La Grande
Forestry and Range Sciences Laboratory
1401 Gekeler Lane
La Grande, OR 97850-3368
Olympia
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
3625 93rd Avenue SW
Olympia, WA 98512-9193
Portland
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
620 SW Main, Suite 400
P.O. Box 3890
Portland, OR 97208-3890
Prineville
Western Wildland Environmental
Threat Assessment Center
3160 NE 3rd Street
P.O. Box 490
Prineville, OR 97754
Seattle
Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences
Laboratory
400 N 34th Street, Suite 201
Seattle, WA 98103
Sitka
Alaska Wood Utilization Research
and Development Center
204 Siginaka Way
Sitka, AK 99835-7316
Wenatchee
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
1133 N Western Avenue
Wenatchee, WA 98801-1229
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PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
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Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2012
Locate USDA Forest Service Research Publications online at
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PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
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Bibliographies
12-023M
►Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 2012.
Recent publications of the Pacific Northwest
Research Station, first quarter, 2012. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 21 p.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/1q12.pdf
Biomass Energy Products
11-363S
►Roos,
J.A.; Brackley, A.M. 2012.
The Asian wood pellet markets. Gen Tech Rep.
PNW-GTR-861. Portland, OR. U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 25 p.
This study examines the three major wood pellet
markets in Asia: China, Japan, and South Korea.
In contrast to the United States, where most wood
pellets are used for residential heating with pellet
stoves, a majority of the wood pellets in Asia are
used for co-firing at coal-fired power plants. Our
analysis indicated that Japan is the largest importer
of wood pellets in Asia and that most of the pellets
it consumes are used for co-firing at power plants.
South Korean wood pellet imports are fairly small;
however, South Korea is striving to increase its
4
percentage of renewable energy, which could benefit
the wood pellets industry. We found that China, the
largest energy consumer in Asia, has an established
wood pellet market. However, a majority of these
wood pellets are manufactured in China, thus
imports are minimal. A consistent factor in these
nations is that their governments are promoting
renewable energy, leading to policies that are
driving demand for wood pellets. As these countries
strive to meet their renewable energy targets, their
wood pellet consumption is projected to grow.
Keywords: Renewable energy, wood pellets, Asia,
China, Japan, South Korea.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr861.pdf
Economics
12-145S
►Kline,
J.D.; Mazzotta, M.J. 2012.
Evaluating tradeoffs among ecosystem services in
the management of public lands. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PNW-GTR-865. Portland, OR: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 48 p.
The U.S. Forest Service has adopted the concept
and language of ecosystem services to describe the
beneficial outcomes of national forest management.
We review the economic theory of ecosystem
services as it applies to public lands management,
and consider what it implies about the types of
biophysical and other data that are needed for
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2012
characterizing management outcomes as changes in
ecosystem services. Our intent is to provide a guide
to policymakers, managers, researchers, and others
for evaluating and describing the tradeoffs involved
in the management of public lands. Characterizing ecosystem services fundamentally is about
explaining the benefits of national forests to the
American public, with an emphasis on addressing
their interests and concerns about how public lands
are managed. Our hope is that this report will foster
dialog about what people value about national forests
and how public land management agencies might
best go about securing those benefits.
Keywords: Ecosystem services, landscape analysis,
public benefits, nonmarket values, national forest
planning and management.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr865.pdf
Forest Management
12-055S
►McIver,
J.; Erickson, K.; Youngblood, A. 2012.
Principal short-term findings of the National
Fire and Fire Surrogate study. Gen. Tech. Rep.
PNW-GTR-860. Portland, OR: U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest
Research Station. 210 p.
Principal findings of the National Fire and Fire
Surrogate (FFS) study are presented in an annotated
bibliography and summarized in tabular form by
site, discipline (ecosystem component), treatment
type, and major theme. Composed of 12 sites,
the FFS is a comprehensive multidisciplinary
experiment designed to evaluate the costs and
ecological consequences of alternative fuel reduction
treatments in seasonally dry forests of the United
States. The FFS has a common experimental design
across the 12-site network, with each site a fully
replicated experiment that compares four treatments:
prescribed fire, mechanical treatments, mechanical
+ prescribed fire, and an unmanipulated control. We
measured treatment cost and variables within several components of the ecosystem, including vegetation, the fuel bed, soils, bark beetles, tree diseases,
and wildlife in the same 10-ha experimental units.
This design allowed us to assemble a fairly comprehensive picture of ecosystem response to treatment
at the site scale, and to compare treatment response
across a wide variety of conditions. Results of 206
technical articles on short-term findings are summarized here, with the following general conclusions: (1) For most sites, treatments modified stand
structures and fuels to the point where posttreatment
stands would be expected to be much more resistant
to moderate wildfire. (2) For the great majority of
ecosystem components, including the vegetation,
soils, and animal species, short-term responses to
treatments were subtle and transient. (3) Comparison
of fire risk reduction and ecological effects between
1-year and several years posttreatment suggests
that while effects tend to dampen with time, fire
risk increases, owing to treatment-induced collapse
of burned portions of stands. (4) Each multivariate
analysis conducted has demonstrated that critical
components of these ecosystems are strongly
linked, suggesting that managers would be prudent
to conduct fuel reduction work with the entire
ecosystem in mind. (5) Multisite analyses generally
show strong site-specific effects for many ecosystem
components, which reduces the broad applicability
of findings, and suggests that practitioners might
do well to employ adaptive management at the local
or regional scale. (6) Mechanical treatments do not
serve as surrogates for fire for the great majority of
ecosystem components, suggesting that fire could
be introduced and maintained as a process in these
systems whenever possible. (7) For research to best
inform management on fuel reduction strategies
through time, longer measurement times posttreatment are needed, as well as repeated applications
of treatments; short-term results of the FFS are
insufficient to comment on long-term ecosystem
trajectories.
Keywords: Fuel reduction, prescribed fire, forest
thinning, dry forests.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_gtr860.pdf
5
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Range Management
Rural Communities
12-062M
12-052S
►Oliver,
►Gordon,
M. 2012.
A closer look: decoupling the effects of prescribed
fire and grazing on vegetation in a ponderosa
pine forest. Science Findings 141. Portland, OR:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 6 p.
Scientists have had little information about how
prescribed fire and cattle grazing—common
practices in many Western ponderosa pine forests—
affect plant abundance and reproduction in the forest
understory. Pacific Northwest Research Station
scientists began to explore how these practices affect
vegetation in a five-year study of postfire vegetation
in eastern Oregon ponderosa pine forests where
cattle have been routinely pastured from late June
or early July through early to mid August. For this
area of eastern Oregon, they found that excluding
cattle grazing during peak growing season increased
native plant cover and grass flowering capability in
ungrazed areas compared to grazed areas. Because
vegetation was measured prior to releasing cattle on
the land, the study’s results tend to reflect lasting
grazing impacts rather than simple consumption.
Findings indicate that excluding cattle in areas that
had been exposed to long-term grazing had more
effect on vegetation than reintroducing frequent
fire to the landscape. Neither spring nor fall burning increased native perennial plant cover or the
number of plant species present; spring and fall
reburns reduced sedge cover; fall reburns promoted
early successional plant communities that included
invasive species. This study is the first look at
vegetation effects; a 10-year evaluation is planned in
2012.
6
R.; Mallon, A.; Maier, C.; Kruger, L.;
Shindler, B. 2012.
Building a citizen-agency partnership among
diverse interests: the Colville National Forest
and Northeast Washington Forestry Coalition
Experience. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-588. Portland, OR:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 16 p.
Concerns about forest health and the threat of
wildfire across the Western United States increasingly provide the impetus for communities to find
land management solutions that serve multiple
interests. Funding and procedural changes over the
past decade have positioned federal agencies to put
greater emphasis on multistakeholder partnerships
and public outreach efforts. Partnerships build
slowly over time, but can result in a healthier
resource, reduced fire risk, greater stability for
agency planning processes, and more resilient
communities. Drawing on interviews with stakeholders representing broad interests in a partnership
between the Northeast Washington Forestry
Coalition and the Colville National Forest, we
examine some of the critical factors leading to the
partnership’s success and identify challenges along
the way. We illustrate how the citizens of Colville,
Washington, overcame conflicts by learning to communicate their interests and use existing resources
to advance a variety of goals, ranging from fuels
reduction and active forest management to roadless
area and wilderness management. We highlight a
set of important organizational themes that have
emerged from Colville to provide managers and
other stakeholders with ideas for similar efforts.
Keywords: Prescribed fire, range management,
ponderosa pine, grazing.
Keywords: Collaboration, community capacity,
community resilience, fire and fuels management.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi141.pdf
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rp588.pdf
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2012
Silviculture
Social Sciences
12-163M
11-364S
►Mazza,
►Romolini,
R. 2012.
Make way for seedlings: regenerating white
spruce in Alaska. Science Findings 143. Portland,
OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Pacific Northwest Research Station. 6 p.
Alaska’s boreal forests have experienced unprecedented levels of disturbance in recent decades. Fire
is becoming more frequent and burning larger areas
compared to the 1960s and 1970s. In the mid 1990s,
insect outbreaks reached epidemic proportions.
During the same period, timber harvesting increased
to meet demand for logs no longer coming from
Pacific Northwest forests. Alaska white spruce was
particularly affected by these disturbances, bringing
into question the ability of the species to regenerate
naturally and reestablish the stands. Andrew Youngblood, a research forester with the Pacific Northwest
Research Station, and his colleagues at Oregon
State University, have been studying Alaska white
spruce for nearly two decades. For their latest study,
they established five study sites across Alaska to
learn what could be done to facilitate white spruce
regeneration. Eleven years later, they found that the
method of site preparation and seedling stock type
led to dramatic differences in white spruce seedling
survival, height, and volume. Site preparation also
influenced the composition and structure of competing vegetation. They found that areas not reforested
immediately can be successfully restored to productive white spruce forests through a combination of
vegetation control and use of quality planting stock.
Keywords: Alaska white spruce, regeneration,
spruce bark beetle, site preparation.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi143.pdf
M.; Brinkley, W.; Wolf, K.L. 2012.
What is urban environmental stewardship?
Constructing a practitioner-derived framework.
Res. Note PNW-RN-566. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 41 p.
Agencies and organizations deploy various
strategies in response to environmental challenges,
including the formulation of policy, programs, and
regulations. Citizen-based environmental stewardship is increasingly seen as an innovative and
important approach to improving and conserving
landscape health. A new research focus on the
stewardship of urban natural resources is being
launched by the U.S. Forest Service in the Pacific
Northwest region. Early scoping efforts are addressing various scales of human systems ranging from
individuals to organizations to the entire positive
“footprint” of stewardship on the land. This report
addresses a fundamental need—to understand
and describe civic environmental stewardship in
urban settings. Stewardship has been described
and defined in diverse ways within a variety of
contexts, including the philosophical literature of
environmentalism, agency program descriptions,
and outreach by sponsoring organizations. Constructing a framework to convey the layered meanings of stewardship will help to focus and guide
future research. A cognitive mapping technique
was used to elicit responses to the question “What
is environmental stewardship?” Semistructured
interviews were conducted with representatives of
nine Seattle environmental organizations, a group
of practitioners who collectively represent over 100
years of experience in the field. Program planners
and managers have particularly direct experiences of
stewardship. Cognitive mapping enables participants
to explore, then display, their particular knowledge
and perceptions about an idea or activity. Analysis
7
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
generated thematic, structural representations of
shared concepts. Results show that the practitioners
have multilayered perceptions of stewardship, from
environmental improvement to community building, and from actions to outcomes. The resulting
conceptual framework demonstrates the full extent
of stewardship activity and meaning, which can
aid stewardship sponsors to improve stewardship
programs, leading to better experiences for participants and higher quality outcomes for projects and
environments.
on sage-grouse occurrence. The findings highlighted
the urgency of integrating efforts among public
agencies and private landowners at all resource
management levels to counter the cumulative and
synergistic threats to sage-grouse conservation. In
combination with related studies, this research has
expanded the scientific knowledge base for resource
managers and other decisionmakers concerned with
designing and implementing landscape strategies for
sage-grouse recovery.
Keywords: Stewardship, urban environments,
community-based organizations, natural resources
management, civic ecology, social ecology.
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/sciencef/scifi142.pdf
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/pnw_rn566.pdf
Wildlife
12-105M
►Parks,
N. 2012.
Sage-grouse on the edge: understanding
and managing Western landscapes for their
survival. Science Findings 142. Portland, OR: U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station. 6 p.
Populations of greater sage-grouse have declined
dramatically across their North American range for
many decades in response to harmful effects of a
variety of human activities and land uses, prompting
legal actions to protect the species under the Endangered Species Act. To evaluate the impacts of land
use and habitat changes on sage-grouse, Michael
Wisdom, a research wildlife biologist, and his colleagues used novel landscape modeling methods to
carry out a comprehensive, rangewide analysis that
considered 22 environmental factors in areas currently inhabited by sage-grouse compared to areas
where the species is locally extinct. The researchers
identified threshold values for the amount of
sagebrush critical to sage-grouse persistence,
addressing a key question about the species’ habitat
requirements. The assessment also revealed the
potentially negative impacts of tall-tower structures
8
Keywords: Sage-grouse, habitat, management.
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2012
Journals and Other Publications
The following publications were not published by the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research
Station, although the work was supported by the station. These publications may be viewed
online at the USDA Research and Development Treesearch Web site listed under each article. If you would like a hard copy, you may print the articles from this Web site. For more
information about Treesearch, see page 3 of this report. You may also obtain hard copies
through university libraries or from the publisher; some outlets may charge for these services. Forestry libraries in the Northwest receive proceedings volumes and subscribe to the
journals in which PNW authors publish. Some forestry libraries in the Northwest are:
Valley Library
Natural Sciences Library
Oregon State University
Box 352900
Corvallis, OR 97331
University of Washington
(Visit or request article from
Seattle, WA 98195-2900
the Interlibrary Loan section)
(To visit only)
Interlibrary Borrowing Services
Suzzallo Library, FM 25
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195
(To request article only)
University of Alaska Library
3211 Providence Drive
Anchorage, AK 99508
(Visit or request article from the
Interlibrary Loan section)
Atmosphere
►Raffuse,
2012.
S.M.; Craig, K.J.; Larkin, N.K. [et al.].
Climate Change
►Haim,
2011.
D.; Alig, R.J.; Plantinga, A.J.; Sohngen, B.
An evaluation of modeled plume injection height
with satellite-derived observed plume height.
Atmosphere. 3: 103–123.
Climate change and future land use in the United
States: an economic approach. Climatic Change
Economics. 2(1): 27–51.
Keywords: Plume injection height, biomass burning,
CALIPSO, MISR, aerosol.
Keywords: Econometric models, land use, climate
change, regional analysis.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40847
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40838
Aquatic/Riparian Ecosystems
►Janisch,
J.E.; Wondzell, S.M.; Ehinger, W.J. 2012.
Headwater stream temperature: interpreting
response after logging, with and without riparian
buffers, Washington, USA. Forest Ecology and
Management. 270: 302–313.
Keywords: Headwater streams, stream temperature,
forests, logging, riparian buffers, Pacific Northwest.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40841
►
McKelvey, K.S.; Copeland, J.P.; Schwartz, M.K.
[et al.]. 2011.
Climate change predicted to shift wolverine
distributions, connectivity, and dispersal
corridors. Ecological Applications. 21(8):
2882–2897.
Keywords: Climate change, corridor, downscale,
ensemble model, fragmentation, Gulo gulo, habitat,
hydrologic modeling, snow, wolverine.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40192
9
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Economics
►Robbins,
A.S.T.; Daniels, J.M. 2012.
Restoration and economics: a union waiting to
happen? Restoration Ecology. 20(1): 10–17.
Keywords: Benefits, costs, economics, ecosystem
services, nonmarket valuation, restoration.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40849
Ecosystem Structure and Function
►Kennedy,
M.C.; Ford, E.D. 2011.
Using multi-criteria analysis of simulation
models to understand complex biological systems.
BioScience. 61(12): 994–1004.
Keywords: Pareto, environmental management,
optimal biological structures, model assessment.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40871
Fire/Fuels
►
Falk, D.A.; Heyerdahl, E.K.; Brown, P.M. [et al.].
2011.
Multi-scale controls of historical forest-fire
regimes: new insights from fire-scar networks.
The Ecological Society of America. 9: 446–454.
►Hyde,
2011.
J.C.; Smith, A.M.S.; Ottmar, R.D. [et al.].
The combustion of sound and rotten coarse
woody debris: a review. International Journal
of Wildland Fire. 20: 163–174.
Keywords: Fire, smoke, combustion, forest fire,
woody debris.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40840
► McKenzie,
National database for calculating fuel available to
wildfires. Eos. 93(6): 57–58.
Keywords: Smoke emissions, carbon accounting,
climate change, fuels.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40845
►McKenzie,
►
Fischer, A.P. 2011.
Reducing hazardous fuels on nonindustrial
private forests: factors influencing landowner
decisions. Journal of Forestry. 109(5): 260–266.
Keywords: Wildfire risk mitigation, nonindustrial
private forest owners, risk perception, fire policy.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40815
10
D.; Kennedy, M.C. 2012.
Power laws reveal phase transitions in landscape
controls of fire regimes. Nature Communications.
3. 6 p. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1731.
Keywords: Self-organized criticality, fire model,
landscape model, fire, fire spread.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40846
Keywords: Forest-fire regimes, fire scars, multiscale controls.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40804
D.; French, N.H.F.; Ottmar, R.D. 2012.
Fish
►Cansler,
C.A.; McKenzie, D. 2012.
How robust are burn severity indices when
applied in a new region? Evaluation of alternate
field-based and remote-sensing methods. Remote
Sensing. 4: 456–483.
Keywords: Fire ecology, fire severity, Landsat,
change detection, dNBR, RdNBR, CBI, GeoCBI,
Washington State, Cascade Range.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40868
Recent Publications of the Pacific Northwest Research Station, Second Quarter, 2012
Genetics
►Cronn,
R.; Knaus, B.J.; Liston, A. [et al.]. 2012.
Natural Resources Policy
► Endter-Wada,
Targeted enrichment strategies for nextgeneration plant biology. American Journal of
Botany. 99(2): 291–311.
Linkages to Public Land Framework: toward
embedding humans in ecosystem analyses by
using “inside-out social assessment.” Ecological
Applications. 21(8): 3254–3271.
Keywords: Target enrichment, genome reduction,
hybridization, genotyping-by-sequencing,
microfluidic PCR, multiplex PCR, transcriptome
sequencing.
Keywords: Common property, coupled naturalhuman systems, forest policy, human dimensions of
ecosystem management, public involvement, public
land access, social impact assessment.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40808
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40814
Invertebrates
► Foster,
A.D.; Claeson, S.M. 2011.
Habitats and seasonality of riparian-associated
millipedes in southwest Washington, USA.
Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews. 4: 203–220.
Plant Ecology
►Peter,
D.H.; Agee, J.K.; Sprugel, D.G. 2011.
Effects of prescribed burning on leaves and
flowering Quercus garryana. Trees. 25: 679–688.
Keywords: Diplopoda, ecology, Pacific Northwest,
riparian, biodiversity, detritivore.
Keywords: Quercus garryana, Oregon white oak,
prescribed fire, fire effects, buds, foliage.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40836
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40867
Mycology
►
J.; Blahna, D.J. 2011.
Galante, T.E.; Horton, T.R.; Swaney, D.P. 2011.
95% of basidiospores fall within 1 m of the cap:
a field- and modeling-based study. Mycologia.
103(6): 1175–1183.
Keywords: Dispersal model, ectomycorrhizal
establishment, primary succession, wind dispersal.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40870
► Kropp,
B.R.; Albee-Scott, S.; Castellano, M.A.;
Trappe, J.M. 2012.
Cryptolepiota, a new sequestrate genus in the
Agaricaceae with evidence for adaptive radiation
in western North America. Mycologia. 104(1):
164–174.
Keywords: Basidiomycota, Cortinariaceae, fungi,
Gigasperma, phylogenetics.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40869
Recreation
►
Seekamp, E.; Cerveny, L.K.; McCreary, A. 2011.
Institutional, individual, and socio-cultural
domains of partnerships: a typology of USDA
Forest Service recreation partners. Environmental
Management. 48: 615–630.
Keywords: Natural resources management, cognitive
mapping, pile sort method, partnership typology,
multidimensional scaling, motivations.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40850
Soil
►Jennings,
2012.
T.N.; Smith, J.E.; Cromack, K., Jr. [et al.].
Impact of postfire logging on soil bacterial and
fungal communities and soil biogeochemistry in a
mixed-conifer forest in central Oregon. Plant Soil.
350: 393–411.
Keywords: Postfire salvage logging, wildfire,
T-RFLP, soil bacterial and fungal communities,
soil chemical and physical properties.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40807
11
PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
Statistics
► Lucero,
K. 2011.
Y.; Steel, E.A.; Burnett, K.M.; Christiansen,
Untangling human development and natural
gradients: implications of underlying correlation
structure for linking landscapes and riverine
ecosystems. River Systems. 19(3): 207–224.
Keywords: Multicollinearity, regression, scale,
human impacts, streams, fish.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40844
Water Resources
►
Richardson, J.S.; Naiman, R.J.; Bisson, P.A. 2012.
How did fixed-width buffers become standard
practice for protecting freshwaters and their
riparian areas from forest harvest practices?
Freshwater Science. 31(1): 232–238.
Keywords: Forestry, riparian buffers, historical
context, natural disturbance emulation.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40848
Wildlife
►
Statham, M.J.; Sacks, B.N.; Aubry, K.B. [et al.].
2012.
The origin of recently established red fox
populations in the United States: translocations
or natural range expansions? Journal of
Mammalogy. 93(1): 52–65.
Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA, phylogeography,
red fox, translocation, Vulpes vulpes.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40806
►
Wilk, R.J.; Raphael, M.G.; Nations, C.S.; Ricklefs,
J.D. 2010.
Initial response of small ground-dwelling
mammals to forest alternative buffers along
headwater streams in the Washington Coast
Range, USA. Forest Ecology and Management.
260: 1567–1578.
Keywords: Pacific Northwest, small mammals,
riparian, headwater, buffer.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40851
12
Wood Utilization
►Barbuta,
C.; Blanchet, P.; Cloutier, A. [et al.]. 2012.
OSB as substrate for engineered wood flooring.
European Journal of Wood Products. 70: 37–43.
Keywords: Engineered wood flooring, oriented
strand board, aspen, paper birch.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40812
►Todoroki,
C.L.; Lowell, E.C.; Dykstra, D.P.; Briggs,
D.G. 2012.
Maps and models of density and stiffness within
individual Douglas-fir trees. SCION. 42: 1–13.
Keywords: Density, stiffness, Douglas-fir, mixed
effects models, REML.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40852
►Yadama,
V.; Lowell, E.C.; Langum, C.E. 2012.
Characterization of wood strands from young,
small-diameter Douglas-fir and western hemlock
trees. Wood and Fiber Science. 44(1): 36–45.
Keywords: Douglas-fir, western hemlock, juvenile
wood, wood strands, mechanical properties, tensile
properties.
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/40853
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