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USDA FOREST SERVICE/NORTHERN REGION
5220
November 1972
Report No. 1-72-9
POTENTIAL FOR THE PINE BUTTERFLY DEFOLIATION
ON THE FLATHEAD INDIAN RESERVATION IN 1973
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by
Wayne Bousfield, Entomologist
Forest Insect and Disease Branch
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The pine butterfly, Neophasia menapia Feld., has been at epidemic levels in
the Bitterroot and Missoula valleys for the past 2 years (Ciesla et al. 1971)
(Bousfield and Meyer 1972). Several reports of conspicuous pine butterfly
flights on the Flathead Indian Reservation prompted an evaluation of the
potential for pine butterfly defoliation in this area in 1973.
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METHODS
The number of overwintering pine butterfly eggs found on the branch tips
can be used to predict expected defoliation for the following summer. In
late September, branch samples from ponderosa pine were collected by Bureau
of Indian Affairs personnel from five areas where butterfly flights were
noticed in August (Fig. 1). Samples consisted of six 5-inch branch tips,
removed with a pole pruner, from mid-crown of 10 trees at each area. Branch
tips were examined for pine butterfly eggs and both viable and nonviable
eggs recorded. Viable eggs are distinguished from nonviable eggs by their
green color and presence of yolk material, whereas nonviable eggs are grey
and dry.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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The sample station in the Mud Lake area northeast of Ronan had the highest
egg count, 10.67, of all areas sampled (Table 1). Two areas in the Jocko
Valley (Evaro and Pistol Creek) had counts of 6.17 and 5.14 viable eggs per
5-inch branch tip respectively. The percent nonviability is about the same
as was found in previous samples from the Bitterroot area. Based on these
counts less than 10 percent of the trees will show noticable defoliation
next year. The infestation should be evaluated next year to determine its
trend.
DIVISION OF STATE & PRIVATE FORESTRY
MISSOULA, MONTANA
' IP
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Parasites and predators have been credited to reducing past infestations,
although not until some permanent injury has occurred. No insecticide
is presently registered for pine butterfly control.
TABLE 1.--Number of eggs per 5-inch branch sample
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Sample No.
1
2
3
4
5
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Area
Total eggs
Evaro
Mud Lake (Southwest)
Mud Lake (South)
Pistol Creek
Selow
+
8.60 - 1.40
4.75 ± 1.17
13.74 - 1.77
8.29+ 1.52
0.19 - 0.14
Viable eggs
Percent
nonviable
6.17 ±
4.13 I 0.97
10.67 - 1.57
5.14 +
- 1.21
0.12 +
- 0.09
28.86
13.06
22.35
38.00
36.85
REFERENCES
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Bousfield, W. E. and H. E. Meyer, 1972. Potential for defoliation of
ponderosa pine stands by pine butterfly on the Bitterroot and Lolo NF's,
Montana in 1972. USDA, Forest Service, Div. of S&PF. Report 72-9.
Ciesla, W. M., W. E. Bousfield, and H. E. Meyer, 1971. Potential for pine
butterfly defoliation on the Bitterroot and Lolo NF's, Montana, 1971.
USDA, Forest Service, Div. of S&PF. Report 71-2.
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