United States
Department
of Agriculture
Forest Service
Rocky Mountain
Research Station
Proceedings
RMRS-P-33
June 2004
National Proceedings:
Forest and Conservation
Nursery Associations 2003
Abstract
Riley, Lee E.; Dumroese, R. Kasten; Landis, Thomas D., tech. coords. 2004. National proceedings: Forest and Conservation
Nursery Associations—2003; 2003 June 9–12; Coeur d’Alene, ID; and 2003 July 14–17; Springfield, IL. Proc. RMRS-P-33. Fort
Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 156 p.
This proceedings is a compilation of 30 papers that were presented at the regional meetings of the Forest and Conservation
Nursery Associations in the United States in 2003. The Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association meeting was held
at the Coeur d’Alene Inn in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, June 9 to 12. The meeting was hosted by the USDA Forest Service, Coeur d’Alene
Nursery. Morning technical sessions were followed by field trips to Coeur d’Alene Nursery, restoration outplantings on the Coeur
d’Alene Indian Reservation, and Plants of the Wild Nursery. The Northeastern Forest and Conservation Nursery Association
meeting occurred July 14 to 17 at the Crown Plaza Hotel in Springfield, Illinois. The meeting was hosted by the Illinois Department
of Natural Resources, Mason State Nursery. In addition to technical sessions, a tour of the Mason State Nursery was included.
Subject matter for both sessions included nursery culturing, harvesting, and storage; fertilization; seed transfer, collection, and
processing; and native species propagation.
Keywords: bareroot nursery, container nursery, nursery practices, fertilization, pesticides, seeds, reforestation, restoration, plant
propagation, native plants, tree physiology, hardwood species
Note: Papers were edited to a uniform style; however, authors are responsible
for the content and accuracy of their papers.
You may order additional copies of this publication by sending
your mailing information in label form through one of the following
media. Please specify the publication title and number.
Fort Collins Service Center
Telephone
(970) 498-1392
FAX
(970) 498-1396
E-mail
Web site
Mailing Address
rschneider@fs.fed.us
http://www.fs.fed.us/rm
Publications Distribution
Rocky Mountain Research Station
240 Prospect Road
Fort Collins, CO 80526
National Proceedings:
Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2003
Technical Coordinators
Lee E. Riley, Supervisory Operations Forester, USDA Forest Service, Dorena Genetics Resource Center, 34963 Shoreview Road,
Cottage Grove, OR 97424; telephone: 541.767.5723; FAX: 541.767.5709; e-mail: leriley@fs.fed.us.
R. Kasten Dumroese, Research Plant Physiologist, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 1221 South Main Street,
Moscow, ID 83843; telephone: 208.883.2328; FAX: 208.883.2318; e-mail: kdumroese@fs.fed.us.
Thomas D. Landis, National Nursery Specialist, USDA Forest Service, Cooperative Programs, J.H. Stone Nursery, 2606 Old Stage
Road, Central Point, OR 97502-1300; telephone: 541.858.6166; FAX: 541.858.6110; e-mail: tdlandis@fs.fed.us.
Sponsoring Organizations
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Coeur d’Alene Nursery
Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Mason State Nursery
Acknowledgments
Funding for this publication was provided as a technology transfer service by State and Private Forestry, USDA Forest Service. The
compilers are particularly grateful for the cooperation of the following Rocky Mountain Research Station personnel in producing these
proceedings: Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Project Leader, Root Disease and Soil Biology, sponsorship; Louise Kingsbury, Group
Leader, production supervision; and Lillie Thomas, Editorial Assistant, design and layout. The coordinators also wish to thank Bryan
Jordin at the University of Georgia and AmyJean Coumas at Dorena Genetics Resource Center for their assistance with this project.
Searchable Internet Database—http://rngr.net
Papers published in the National Proceedings (1984 to present) are available in portable document format (PDF) on the Forest and
Conservation Nursery Association Internet site: http://rngr.net. This database can be searched by author and keyword and includes
papers published in the regional nursery proceedings (Western, Intermountain, Northeastern, and Southern).
The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader
information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture of any product or service.
Pesticide Precautionary Statement
This publication reports research involving pesticides. It does not
contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the
uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides
must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies
before they can be recommended.
CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic
animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife—if they are not
handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and
carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of
surplus pesticides and pesticide containers.
CAUTION:
PESTICIDES
Contents
Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association
Coeur d’Alene, ID
June 9–12, 2003 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Container Seedling Storage and Handling in the Pacific Northwest: Answers to
Some Frequently Asked Questions
Gary A. Ritchie .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Container Seedling Handling and Storage in the Rocky Mountain and Intermountain Regions
Randy H. Mandel ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Container Handling and Storage in Eastern Canada
Brian White .............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
Seedling Storage and Handling in Western Canada
Clare M. Kooistra ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Container Seedling Handling and Storage in the Southeastern States
R. Kasten Dumroese and James P. Barnett ........................................................................................................................... 22
General Overview of Nutrition for Field and Container Crops
Robert L. Mahler ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Soil and Water Management Plans for Bareroot Nurseries
Don Boyer ............................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Subsurface Banding of Phosphorus, Potassium, and Controlled Release Nitrogen
Fertilizers in the 1+0 Year at J Herbert Stone Nursery
David Steinfeld and Steve Feigner .......................................................................................................................................... 33
Fertilizer Application: Balancing Precision, Efficacy, and Cost
Mark E. Triebwasser ............................................................................................................................................................... 38
Nutriplug™: The Next Generation
Marc Poirier and Steven Kiiskila ............................................................................................................................................. 42
Fate of Nitrates in Field Nursery Production Systems
Bert Cregg, Carmela Rios, James Hart, and Deana Briggs .................................................................................................... 50
Considerations for Collecting and Vegetatively Propagating Poplar Woody Plant Materials
Ken Wearstler, Jr. .................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Restoration of a Rocky Mountain Spruce-Fir Forest: Sixth-Year Engelmann Spruce Seedling
Response With or Without Tree Shelter Removal
Douglass F. Jacobs ................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Structure of Genetic Variation and Implications for the Management of Seed and Planting Stock
Brad St. Clair and Randy Johnson .......................................................................................................................................... 64
Five Years of Irish Trials on Biostimulants—The Conversion of a Skeptic
Barbara E. Thompson ............................................................................................................................................................. 72
Propagating Plant Materials for the Hopi Reservation, Arizona
Jeremy R. Pinto and Thomas D. Landis ................................................................................................................................. 80
Status of Pesticide Registrations for Forestry
John W. Taylor, Jr. .................................................................................................................................................................. 85
Potential Use of Containerised Willow Transplants in the Falkland Islands
Rodrigo J. Olave, Jim H. McAdam, W. Malcom Dawson, Aidan Kerr, and Gordon J Lennie ................................................. 87
iii
Northeastern Forest and Conservation Nursery Association
Springfield, IL
July 14–17, 2003 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 93
Opening Remarks: Welcome and Expressions of Appreciation
Brian D. Anderson **
Illinois Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP): A Model for Watershed Restoration
Debbie Bruce .......................................................................................................................................................................... 95
Illinois Forestry Development Act of 1983 and the IDNR Free Seedling Program
Dick Little ............................................................................................................................................................................... 100
Direct Seeding of Oak Through Soil Scarification
James J. Zaczek **
Propagation of Giant Cane (Arundinaria gigantea) for Riparian Habitat Restoration
James J. Zaczek, Rebecca L. Sexton, Karl W. J. Williard, and John W. Groninger ............................................................. 103
Success of Hardwood Tree Plantations in Indiana and Implications for Nursery Managers
Anthony S. Davis, Douglass F. Jacobs, and Amy Ross-Davis ............................................................................................. 107
Oak Nursery Management Practices in the Southeast: A Case Study
Taryn Kormanic **
Update on Oak Seed Quality Research: Hardwood Recalcitrant Seeds
Kristina F. Connor ................................................................................................................................................................. 111
How Acorn Size Influences Seedling Size and Possible Seed Management Choices
Robert P. Karrfalt .................................................................................................................................................................. 117
Panel Discussion: Goals in Supplying Tree Seed
Rob Lovelace and Judy Lovelace ......................................................................................................................................... 119
Panel Discussion: Tree Seed Collection and Direct Seeding in Illinois
Tom Ward .............................................................................................................................................................................. 120
Panel Discussion: Seed Supply Issues for Vallonia Nursery
Robert Hawkins and Philip O’Connor .................................................................................................................................... 121
Using Electrolyte Leakage for Evaluating Hardwood Seedling Cold Hardiness
Barrett C. Wilson and Douglass F. Jacobs ........................................................................................................................... 125
Slow Release Fertilization Reduces Nitrate Leaching in Bareroot Production
of Pinus strobus Seedlings
Jaslyn J. Dobrahner, Jaya Iyer, and Joe Vande Hey ............................................................................................................ 129
Recent Trends in Hardwood Seedling Quality Assessment
Douglass F. Jacobs, Barrett C. Wilson, and Anthony S. Davis ............................................................................................. 140
Overview of Native Plant Nursery Management in Hawaii
Kim M. Wilkinson**
List of Participants ................................................................................................................................................................... 145
Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association Meeting .............................................................................................. 147
Northeastern Forest and Conservation Nursery Association Meeting ....................................................................................... 153
**No papers received; for more information contact authors at the address provided in the list of participants.
iv
Western Forest and Conservation
Nursery Association
Coeur d’Alene, ID
June 9–12, 2003