Contents
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Contents Page 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Clinton E. Carlson Leslie Weldon The Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project: How Did It Happen? ................................................................................... 3 Perry Brown Keynote Address: Sustaining People and Ecosystems in the 21st Century ............................................................................................... 6 2. Understanding the Ecosystem: Its Parts and Processes...................................................................... 9 Michael G. Hartwell Paul Alaback Stephen F. Arno Comparing Historic and Modern Forests on the Bitterroot Front ................... 11 Stephen F. Arno Ecosystem-Based Management at Lower Elevations ................................... 17 Carl E. Fiedler Silvicultural Treatments ................................................................................. 19 Michael G. Harrington Fire Applications in Ecosystem Management ................................................ 21 Thomas H. DeLuca Soils and Nutrient Considerations ................................................................. 23 Helen Y. Smith Wildlife Habitat Considerations ...................................................................... 26 Colin C. Hardy Robert E. Keane Michael G. Harrington Associated Riparian Communities ................................................................. 28 Peter Rice Restoration of Native Plant Communities Infested by Invasive Weeds—Sawmill Creek Research Natural Area ........................ 29 Colin C. Hardy Robert E. Keane Catherine A. Stewart Ecosystem-Based Management in the Lodgepole Pine Zone ....................... 31 Robert E. Keane Stephen F. Arno Catherine A. Stewart Ecosystem-Based Management in the Whitebark Pine Zone ....................... 36 Len Ruggiero Dean Pearson Presence/Absence as a Metric for Monitoring Vertebrate Populations ......... 41 Dean E. Pearson Small Mammals of the Bitterroot National Forest: Ecological Significance and Guidelines for Management .......................................... 45 Sallie J. Hejl Thomas G. Thompson The Effect of Time Period on Point Count Methodology for Monitoring Breeding Birds ........................................................................ 48 Kerry R. Foresman Overview of Forest Carnivore Survey Efforts in the Bitterroot Mountains ..... 53 3. Understanding the People and Their Relationship to the Ecosystem ............................................... 57 Jane Kapler Smith Kerry McMenus Agencies Within Communities, Communities Within Ecosystems ................ 59 iii Stephen F. McCool Making “Stuff” Happen Through Public Participation and Consensus Building ................................................................................. 67 Linda R. Thomas James A. Walsh Jane Kapler Smith Behavioral and Cognitive Evaluation of FireWorks Education Trunk ............ 71 Charles E. Keegan, III Carl E. Fiedler Synergy Between Ecological Needs and Economic Aspects of Ecosystem Restoration ............................................................................ 74 Stephen F. McCool James Burchfield Wayne Freimund Social Science and the Bitterroot National Forest: A Synthesis .................... 77 4. Implementation for Specific Landscape Areas .................................................................................... 81 J. G. Jones J. D. Chew N. K. Christianson D. J. Silvieus C. A. Stewart Stevensville West Central Study ................................................................... 83 Robert D. Pfister Michael D. Sweet Developing an Ecosystem Diversity Framework for Landscape Assessment .............................................................................................. 91 Hans R. Zuuring Jimmie D. Chew J. Greg Jones Sequential Use of Simulation and Optimization in Analysis and Planning ............................................................................................ 97 5. Overviews of Other Ecosystem Management Research Projects in the West................................ 105 Gerald J. Gottfried Carleton B. Edminster Achieving Ecosystem Management in the Borderlands of the Southwestern United States Through Coordinated Research/ Management Partnerships ..................................................................... 107 Jeanne C. Chambers Great Basin Research and Management Project: Restoring and Maintaining Riparian Ecosystem Integrity .............................................. 110 Deborah M. Finch Research of the Rio Grande Ecosystem Management Program ................ 114 Brian Kent Wayne D. Shepperd Deborah J. Shields The Colorado Front Range Ecosystem Management Research Project: Accomplishments to Date ......................................................... 119 Lynn Starr James McIver Thomas M. Quigley Sustaining the Land, People, and Economy of the Blue Mountains: The Blue Mountains Natural Resources Institute ................................... 125 6. Field Trip Abstracts .............................................................................................................................. 129 Sawmill Creek Research Natural Area: Management Overview ........................................................... 131 Cathy Stewart Restoration Efforts at Sawmill Creek Research Natural Area ..................... 131 Vita Wright Flammulated Owl Habitat ............................................................................ 131 Peter Rice Restoration of Native Plant Communities Infested by Invasive Weeds—Sawmill RNA ........................................................................... 132 iv Larry Creek ............................................................................................................................................... 132 Dave Lockman Larry Creek: Management Perspective—Riparian Wildlife ......................... 132 Joshua J. Tewksbury Deciduous Riparian Habitats: Habitats and Landscapes for Healthy Bird Communities ...................................................................... 133 Matt Arno Riparian Forest Restoration Treatment—Larry Creek ................................. 134 Mike Jakober Effects of Timber Harvesting and Burning on Aquatic Ecosystems in Larry Creek, Bitterroot National Forest, Montana ............................... 135 Lick Creek ............................................................................................................................................... 135 Rick Floch Lick Creek: Using Ecosystem-Based Management for a Sustainable Ponderosa Pine Forest—Management Overview .............. 135 Tom DeLuca Effect of Prescribed Fire on Soil Nitrogen ................................................... 136 John Ormiston Elk Habitat ................................................................................................... 137 Stephen F. Arno Fire and Forest Succession in the Shelterwood Unit at Lick Creek ............. 137 Kristi D. Pflug Bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) Regeneration Processes in a Ponderosa Pine Stand at the Lick Creek Study Area ............................ 138 Carl Fiedler Silviculture at Lick Creek ............................................................................. 138 7. Poster Session Abstracts..................................................................................................................... 139 Jim Chew Use of SIMPPLLE in the Bitterroot Ecosystem Management Research Project ......................................................................................... 141 Ursula Choromanska Thomas H. DeLuca The Effects of Wildfire With and Without Previous Prescribed Burn on Nitrogen Dynamics in Forest Soils .................................................... 141 Nan Christianson Cynthia Manning Wondrous Place, Special Places ................................................................. 142 Thomas H. DeLuca Kristin L. Zouhar Influence of Selection Harvest and Underburning on Soil Nitrogen Dynamics in Ponderosa Pine Stands ..................................................... 142 Carl Fiedler Stephen F. Arno A Conservation Easement That Perpetuates Ecosystem-Based Management on a Montana Ranch ........................................................ 143 Michael G. Harrington Videos of Prescribed Burning of the Bitterroot National Forest for Ecosystem-Based Management ....................................................... 143 Michael G. Hartwell Stephen F. Arno Comparing Historic and Modern Forests on the Bitterroot Front ................. 144 Jacob S. Ivan Kerry R. Foresman Effectiveness of Carbon-Sooted Track Plates for Detecting American Marten .................................................................................... 144 Vanessa K. Johnson Trends in Rural Residential Development in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem .............................................................................................. 145 Ronni Korol Physiological Risk Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Sustainability in the Inland Northwest .............................................................................. 145 v Peter Landres Carol Miller Paul Alaback Evaluating Wilderness Fire Risks and Benefits at the Landscape Scale .................................................................................... 146 Elizabeth A. Littlefield Cooperative Forest Ecosystem Research: Bridging the Gap Through Information Exchange .............................................................. 147 Nancy McMurray Jane Kapler Smith FireWorks Educational Trunk ...................................................................... 148 Jennifer Newland Thomas H. DeLuca Occurrence and Abundance of Native Nitrogen Fixing Plants in Fire Exposed Ponderosa Pine/Douglas-fir Forests in Western Montana ...... 148 Sophie A. H. Osborn The Effect of Streamside Development on the Distribution and Productivity of American Dippers (Cinclus mexicanus) in Western Montana ................................................................................... 149 Robert D. Pfister Michael D. Sweet An Ecosystem Diversity Framework for Understanding Landscapes .......... 149 Andrew L. Sheldon Aquatic Biodiversity: Stoneflies (Plecoptera) in Bitterroot Streams ............ 150 Helen Y. Smith Stephen F. Arno The Whitebark Pine Story ............................................................................ 150 Helen Y. Smith Stephen F. Arno Carl E. Fiedler Eighty-Eight Years of Change in a Managed Ponderosa Pine Forest ......... 151 Jane Kapler Smith Kerry McMenus Cynthia Manning Putting Human Dimensions Research to Work ........................................... 151 David R. Spildie Peter B. Landres The Influence of Fire and Logging on Small Mammal Communities in Adjacent Undisturbed Sites ................................................................ 152 Janet Sullivan Kurt Krueger Steve Slack MAGIS: A Decision Support System for Management of Forested Landscapes ............................................................................................ 153 Robin J. Tausch Cheryl L. Nowak Jeanne C. Chambers Mid- to Late-Holocene Vegetation Changes in the Great Basin Ecosystem Management Project Area ................................................... 153 D.R. Weise R. Kimberlin M. Arbaugh J. Chew G. Jones J. Merzenich J. vanWagtendonk M. Wiitala A Risk-Based Comparison of Potential Fuel Treatment Tradeoff Models ..................................................................................... 154 vi
