Contents
Page
I. Protected Area Systems: Challenges, Solutions, and Changes ................................................ 1
David Ostergren
Steve Hollenhorst
Converging Protected Area Policy: A Case Study of the Russian Zapovednik
(Strict Nature Preserve) and American Wilderness Systems .................................... 3
Franco Zunino
The Wilderness Concept and Its Philosophy in Italy: The History and the
Successes of the Idea as a Conservation Principle ................................................... 9
Wesley Henry
Rick Ernenwein
Howie Thompson
Steve Oppermann
Management of Commercial Air Tourism over National Parks ................................... 12
Maretha Shroyer
Darryll Kilian
James Jackelman
Wilderness in an Urban Setting: Planning and Management of the
Cape Peninsula National Park, Cape Town, South Africa ....................................... 19
Randy T. Welsh
A comparison of Strategies for Rationing and Managing Use on Selected
Rivers in the United States in 1986 and 1998 .......................................................... 25
II. Understanding and Protecting Biodiversity ............................................................................... 35
Matthias Diemer
Changing Paradigms in Wilderness Ecology: A View of Academia from Outside ...... 37
David J. Parsons
Restoration of Natural Fire to United States Wilderness Areas .................................. 42
Anna-Liisa Sippola
Biodiversity in Finnish Wilderness Areas: Aspects on Preserving Species
and Habitats ............................................................................................................. 48
L. Rybalov
T. Rossolimo
W. Block
Temperature Adaptations of Terrestrial Arthropods of the Yenisey Region of
Siberia (Asian Ecological Transect) ......................................................................... 57
III. Human Values and Meanings of Wilderness ............................................................................. 63
Berit C. Kaae
Attachment, Change, and Displacement Among Winter Recreationists at
Snoqualmie Pass ..................................................................................................... 65
Karen M. Fox
Gordon Walker
Leo H. McAvoy
Sojourning: A Specific Wayfaring Metaphor Related to Environmental Ethics ........... 71
Daniel R. Williams
Personal and Social Meanings of Wilderness: Constructing and Contesting
Places in a Global Village ....................................................................................... 77
Mikel Vause
Mountaineering: The Heroic Expression of Our Age ................................................... 83
William T. Borrie
Impacts of Technology on the Meaning of Wilderness ............................................... 87
Susan Lisa Toch
Water to Drink: Sustaining Watersheds and the People Who Need Them ................. 89
Florence R. Shepard
Coming Home to the Wild ........................................................................................... 95
Page
Linda Moon Stumpff
In Wilderness There Is Life: An American Indian Perspective on
Theory and Action for Wildlands .............................................................................. 98
Camille E. Richard
Indigenous Natural Resource Management in the Highlands of the Himalayas:
Integrated Assessments for Protected Area Design .............................................. 103
M. A. S. Rajan
Wilderness Thoughts from the Traditional Lore of India: Of Concern to Peace,
Healing, and Pleasure ............................................................................................ 108
IV. Wilderness for Personal Growth Symposium ............................................................................... 111
Robert Buerger
Thomas Pasquarello
Wilderness Education in the Adirondack Park: A Case Study
of the Huntington Outdoor Education Center ......................................................... 113
Derek T. Jackson
The Relevance of Real Experiences in the Development of
Young People and the Quantification of Their Personal Gains .............................. 116
Charles O. Mortensen
Environmental Perception: The Influence of Wilderness on
United States Artists, Writers, and Their Legacy ................................................... 120
Marilyn Foster Riley
The Wilderness Guides Council: Expanding Professionalism and Community
Among Leaders of Wilderness Vision Quests and Rites of Passage Programs .... 123
Marilyn Foster Riley
John C. Hendee
Wilderness Vision Quest Clients: Motivations and Reported Benefits from
an Urban-Based Program 1988 to 1997 ................................................................ 128
Keith C. Russell
John C. Hendee
Wilderness Therapy as an Intervention and Treatment for Adolescents
with Behavioral Problems ...................................................................................... 136
A. S. Vasudevan
P. Venugopal
Outward Bound Learning: A Pilgrimage for Personal Effectiveness
(Indian Experience) ................................................................................................ 142
Laurie Yung
Wayne Freimund
The Role of University Wilderness Education in America: A Conceptual Design ..... 148
V. Understanding Threats and Services Related to Wilderness Resources ............................. 153
Shibi Chandy
David L. Euler
Can Community Forestry Conserve Tigers in India? ................................................ 155
Les Molloy
Murray Reedy
Wilderness Within World Heritage: Te Wahipounamu, New Zealand ....................... 162
Hari Dang
Himraj Dang
Conservation Thoughts from Central India ............................................................... 168
Allen Robert Riebau
Wilderness Climate Change Data Collected by the Bureau of Land
Jerry Stokes
Management in the Western United States ........................................................... 174
David Porter
Freeman Minson Smith
Michael Lee Sestak
Page
VI. The Future of Wilderness: Challenges of Planning, Management, Training,
and Research ............................................................................................................................... 183
Gordon R. Cessford
Murray C. Reedy
Wilderness Status and Associated Management Issues in New Zealand ................ 185
Gregory Kroll
Meeting Multi-Agency Wilderness Training and Education Needs
with Limited Fiscal and Human Resources ............................................................ 193
W. D. Densham
T. G. Cooper
Wilderness Management Training in Southern Africa: Ensuring Appropriate
Management and Use of Existing Wilderness Areas ............................................. 195
Stephen Peel
Wayne Freimund
The Internet in Wilderness Distance Education: A Case Study ................................ 199
Roland Goetz
A Macro-Micro Environmental Management Model Currently Being Used
in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, to Protect Wildlands in Peri-Urban Settings ........ 205
David Ostergren
Evgeny Shvarts
Russian Zapovedniki in 1998: Recent Progress and New Challenges for
Russia’s Strict Nature Preserves ........................................................................... 209
R. D. Taylor
I. Bond
Participatory Technology Development for Community-Based Wildlife
Management in Zimbabwe: The WWF for Nature Support to
CAMPFIRE Project ............................................................................................... 214
A-L. Sippola
J. Saarinen
J. Jokimäki
V. Hallikainen
P. Sepponen
A-L. Paulus
E. Ohenoja
Wilderness Research in Finland: Examples of Ecological and Social Studies ......... 222
A. H. Moosvi
Robert W. Mutch
Global Voices, Village Choices: Fire Management Strategies for People
and Wildlife in Wyanad, Kerala, India .................................................................... 224
Paul Faulstich
Globalizing Wilderness: A Perspective on Traditional Ecological Knowledge
in an Interconnected World .................................................................................... 228
VII. International Cooperation in Wilderness Protection ............................................................. 235
Falk Huettmann
Seabirds in the Marine Wilderness of the Western North Atlantic ............................ 237
Ponathil Sivadas
Carlsberg Ridge ........................................................................................................ 245
Maxine McCloskey
The High Seas: Is There Room for Wilderness? ....................................................... 246