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CONTENTS
Preface
Barbara Tellman and Diana Hadley ...................................... v
Understanding Grasslands
............................
1
Northwestern Apacherian Savannas: A Description, and Review of
Issues Concerning Human Inhabitation
Tony L. Burgess ................................................... 3
An Overview of Arid Grasslands in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert
Kris M. Havstad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Mexican Grasslands and the Changing Aridlands of Mexico:
An Overview and a Case Study in Northwestern Mexico
Alberto Burquez and others .......................................... 21
Factors Controlling the Structure and Function of Desert Grasslands:
A Case Study from Southeastern Arizona
Carl E. Bock and Jane H. Bock ........................................ 33
II
Identifying Grassland Issues .................................... 45
Wildlife Issues
Terrestrial Bird and Mammal Distribution Changes in the
American Southwest, 1890 - 1990
David E. Brown
.................................................. 4 7
Herpetology of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, Arizona
Philip C. Rosen and others ........................................... 65
Age-Related Population Trends of Landbirds Migrating Through
Southwestern Semi-Arid Grassland
WangYong and Deborah M. Rnch ..................................... 81
Wildlife Corridors Panel Discussion
Rod Mandt, Moderator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Grazing and Fire Issues
Grazing and Fire Management
Larry Allen ...................................................... 97
Historical Patterns of Surface Fire in Canyon Pine-Oak ForestsJ Savannas,
and Intervening Semiarid Grasslands of the Southwest Borderlands
Mark Kaib, Christopher H. Baisan, and Thomas W. Swetnam
................. 101
Experimental Fire Research in· semi-arid Shortgrass Prairie
-. ·.·.·,
Paulette L. Ford and Guy R. McPherson
................................ 107
Burning Policies of the Natural Resources Conservation Service
Dan Robinett ................................................... 117
Ranching in Santa Cruz County: A Summary of Research Findings
Madelene Orton ................................................. 120
Views of a Non-traditional Traditional Rancher
Joe Parsons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Exotic Plant Species
Ecological Characteristics of Invasive Alien Plants
John H. Brock ................................................... 137
How Some Exotic Plant Species Reached the American Southwest
Barbara Tellman ................................................. 144
The Influence of Climate, Soil and Grazing on the
Distribution of Lehmann Lovegrass
Jerry R. Cox and George B. Ruyle ..................................... 150
Water Quality, Erosion and Water Supply
Riparian Areas, Watersheds, and Water Quality Panel
Roy Jemison .................................................... 158
Hydrology and Watershed Management in Semi-Arid Grasslands
Malchus B. Baker, Jr. . ............................................ 159
Using RUSLE for Erosion Control and Grassland Management
Kenneth G. Renard ............................................... 170
Water Supply in Grasslands Panel
Barbara Tellman, Moderator ......................................... 175
Arid Grasslands and Water Resources
Charles Stockton, David Meko, and Mary F. Glueck ........................ 177
Water Use and the Future of the Sonoita Valley
Robert Naeser and Anne St. John,
Ill
Managing Grasslands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
201
Management on a Large Scale
Agricultural and Human Communities When Nature's Prairie is the Standard
Wes Jackson ................................................... 203
Natural Resources Management in the Matape Watershed
Hector M. Arias and others ......................................... 210
Monitoring and Information Gathering and Dissemination
The Apacherian Savanna: The State and Future of Long-term Monitoring
Peter Warshall and Tony Burgess ..................................... 226
Building an Electronic Knowledge Center for Rangeland
Management: The Arizona AgNIC Project
Mitchell P. McClaran and others ...................................... 241
Distribution of Chihuahuan Desert and Colorado Shortgrass
Prairie Species Controlled by Soil Moisture Heterogeneity in a
Desert/grassland Ecotone at Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge
Charles A.Z. Buxbaum ............................................. 242
A Landscape Approach to Monitoring and Assessing
Ecological Condition: San Pedro Case Study
William G. Kepner and others ........................................ 243
Climatic Causes and Biotic Consequences of Recent Shrub
Increase in the San Simon Valley
Thomas J. Valone, James H. Brown, and Charles C. Curtain
.................. 245
Non-profit and Private Grassland Management
The role of Nonprofit Organizations in Grassland Management Panel
Peter Warren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Grassland Management by the Animas Foundation
Ben Brown ..................................................... 248
Private Ranchers Cooperating on Public Lands
Dennis Moroney ................................................. 251
Grassland Management by The Nature Conservancy
Tom Collazo .................................................... 256
Use of Volunteers in Land Management
Bill Branan ..................................................... 258
ii
Cascabel Management Committee: A Report to the Grasslands Conference
Dave Harris . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Public Grassland Management
Grassland Management on Public Lands Panel
Jeanne Wade, Moderator ........................................... 262
The Muleshoe Cooperative Management Area
Grant Drennen and Ed Brunson ...................................... 263
Management of the Empire-Cienega Ranch
Karen M. Simms, Mac Donaldson and Joe Sacco
......................... 265
Grassland Management on Tribal Lands
Introduction to the Panel Discussion
Gary Nabhan, Moderator ........................................... 270
Tohono O'odham Tribal Herd Ranch
Erwin Juan ..................................................... 272
Grasses and Uvestock on Native American Lands
Homer Marks ................................................... 272
IV. Seeking Solutions to Grasslands Problems .................... 273
Innovations in Grazing Management
Breaking the Mold: A New Approach to Range Reform
Karl Hess, Jr.................................................... 275
Restorative Grazing
Jim Winder ..................................................... 283
Grazing Management In Arid Grasslands
Using Principles of Holistic Management
Kirk Gadzia ..................................................... 285
The Malpai Borderlands Group: Ecosystem Management in Action
Bill MacDonald .................................................. 289
Grassland Restoration
Use of Native Species in Revegetation of Disturbed Sites {Arizona)
Richard D. James ................................................ 297
Natural Site Conditions and their Effects on
Establishment in Grassland Restoration
Margaret Livingston ............................................... 304
Considering Genetic Diversity in Grassland Restoration
Steven Smith ................................................... 305
Revegetation of Abandoned Agricultural Fields in the Sonoran Desert
Jerry R. Cox and Gary Thacker ....................................... 306
Holistic Reclamation, A Natural Remediation Process
Using Cattle and Other Natural Tools
Terence 0. Wheeler ............................................... 312
Planting Giant Sacaton: Initial results at Cienega Creek Natural Preserve
Julia E. Fonseca and Ronald L. Tiller
.................................. 316
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, a Possible Tool for
Restoration of Giant Sacaton Grasslands
Linda Kennedy Elliott and others
..................................... 319
Mineland Reclamation in the Arid Environments
Stu Bengson
................................................... 323
Revegetation of Native Grasses at a Mojave Desert Gold Mine
Raymond Franson ................................................ 324
iii
Land Imprinting for Restoring Vegetation in the Desert Southwest
Robert M Dixon and Ann B. Carr ...................................... 325
Non-traditional Uses of Grasslands
Nathan Sayre, Moderator
.......................................... 329
Use of Grasslands for Movie-Making
Tom Hildebrand ................................................. 331
Using Grasslands for Environmental Education
Roseanne Hanson
............................................... 332
Using Grasslands for Birding Tours
Chris Benish .................................................... 333
Rural-Urban Grassland Connections
Tom Orum ..................................................... 334
Methods for Preserving Open Space
Economic Benefits of Preserving Natural Areas
Bonnie G. Colby ................................................. 337
The Future of Grasslands in Cochise County, Arizona
Judy Anderson .................................................. 343
The Use of Zoning to Protect Grasslands Panel Discussion
David Yetman, Moderator .......................................... 346
Planning and Zoning as a Land Management Tool
Arlan Colton .................................................... 34 7
Land Use in Santa Cruz County
Brian Friedman .................................................. 349
Being a Sticker
Dan Dagget .................................................... 350
The Value of Your Land Today and into the Future - Choices Landowners Face
Lane Coulston .................................................. 353
Estate Planning for Ranchers
Gregory V. Gadarian, J.D. . ......................................... 356
Cooperative Partnerships
Land Management Partnerships Panel Discussion
Ann Moote ..................................................... 359
Strategies for Creating Successful Partnerships
Luther Propst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Empowering Land Management Partnerships
Eric Schwennesen
............................................... 364
The Sonoita Valley Planning Partnership
Karen Simms ................................................... 366
Conflict Resolution
Trouble In Tortuga! A Rangeland Conflict Simulation Exercise
Kirk Emerson, Hal Movius, and Garri Dryden ............................. 369
Appendix
List of Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
iv