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Micropropagation,
Genetic Engineering, and
Molecular Biology of Populus
Ned B. Klopfenstein, Young Woo Chun, Mee-Sook Kim,
and M. Raj Ahuja, Editors
Madelyn C. Dillon, Richard C. Carman, and Lane G. Eskew,
Technical Editors
Contents
Preface
N.B. KLOPFENSTEIN, Y.W. CHUN, M.-S. KIM, and M.R. AHUJA ....... .
iv
Introduction- Sentinels of the Prairie Speak (by Populus Species)
H.S. McNABB, Jr............................................. .
1
Section I.
In Vitro Culture
Chapter 1 - Poplar Shoot Cultures: Their Generation and
Use in Biotechnology
B.H. McCOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Chapter 2 - Somatic Embryogenesis From Poplar Leaf Tissue
Y.G. PARK and S.H. SON. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Chapter 3 - Plant Regeneration Through Organogenesis in Poplar
H. KANG and Y.W. CHUN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
Chapter 4 - Protoplast Isolation and Culture
J. RUSSELL KIKKERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
Chapter 5 - Somaclonal Variation in Populus: An Evaluation
D.J. FRY, G.C. DOUGLAS, and N. Th. SAIEED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
Chapter 6 - Germplasm Preservation of Populus Through
In Vitro Culture Systems
S.H. SON, Y.G. PARK, Y.W. CHUN, and R.B. HALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
44
Section II.
Transformation and Foreign Gene Expression
Chapter 7 - Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Populus Species
M.-S. KIM, N.B. KLOPFENSTEIN, and Y.W. CHUN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
Chapter 8 - Direct Gene Transfer in Poplar
P.J. CHAREST, Y. DEVANTIER, C. JONES, J.C. SELLMER,
B. H. McCOWN, and D.O. ELLIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
60
Chapter 9 - Gene Expression Studies
L. JOUANIN and G. PILATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
Chapter 10 - Differential Expression of aroA Gene in Transgenic Poplar:
Influence of Promoter and Ozone Stress
D.F. KARNOSKY, G.K. PODILA, D. SHIN, and
D.E. RIEMENSCHNEIDER ..................................... .
70
Chapter 11 -Growth and Development Alteration in Transgenic Populus:
Status and Potential Applications ·
B. SUNDBERG, H. TUOMINEN, 0. NILSSON, T. MORITZ,
C.H.A. LITTLE, G. SANDBERG, and 0. OLSSON .................. .
74
Chapter 12 - Transgene Expression in the Field-Grown Poplar
G. PILATE, D. D. ELLIS, and S. HAWKINS ......................... .
84
Chapter 13 - Transgenes and Genetic Instability
M.A. AHUJA ................................................ .
90
Section Ill.
Chapter 14 - Applications of Molecular Marker Technologies in
Populus Breeding
M.T. CERVERA, M. VILLAR, P. FAIVRE-RAMPANT, M.-C. GOUE,
M. VAN MONTAGU, and W. BOERJAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
101
Chapter 15 - Differentiation of Poplar Clones Using Random Amplified
Polymorphic DNA Fingerprinting
D.C. LIN, M. HUBBES, and L. ZSUFFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
116
Chapter 16 - Seasonal Vegetative Storage Proteins of Poplar
G.D. COLEMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124
Chapter 17 - Poplar Seed Storage Proteins
T.L. BEARDMORE, S. WETZEL, and S.M. REGAN...................
131
Chapter 18 - Molecular Genetic Analysis of Populus Chloroplast DNA
E.W. NOH and J.S. LEE........................................
143
Chapter 19 - Molecular Marker Techniques to Study Variability of
Populus Pathogens
G.M. TABOR and H.S. McNABB, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
150
Section IV.
ii
Molecular Biology
Biotic and Abiotic Resistance
Chapter 20 - In Vitro Screening and Selection for Disease Resistance
M.E. OSTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
155
Chapter 21 -Transformation of Hybrid Aspen for Resistance to
Crown Gall Disease
H. EBINUMA, E. MATSUNAGA, K. YAMADA, and M. YAMAKADO
161
Chapter 22 - Designing Small Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Encoding Genes
W.A. POWELL and C.A. MAYNARD...............................
165
Chapter 23 - Potential of Proteinase Inhibitors for Enhanced Resistance
to Populus Arthropod and Pathogen Pests
S.A. HEUCHELIN, L JOUANIN, N.B. KLOPFENSTEIN, and
H.S. McNABB, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
173
Chapter 24 - Expression of Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis o-endotoxin
in Poplar
D.D. ELLIS and K.F. RAFFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
178
USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTA-297. 1997.
Chapter 25 - Genetic Engineering for Air-Pollutant Resistance in Hybrid Aspen
S. ENDO, E. MATSUNAGA, K. YAMADA, and H. EBINUMA.. . . • . . . . . . . . 187
Section V.
Biotechnological Applications
Chapter 26 - Genetic Modification of Lignin Biosynthesis in Quaking Aspen
and Poplar
W. BOERJAN, M. BAUCHER, B. CHABBERT, M. PETIT-CONIL, J.-C. LEPLE,
G. PILATE, D. CORNU, B. MONTIES, D. INZE, J. VAN DOORSSELAERE,
L. JOUANIN, and M. VAN MONTAGU; with C.-J. TSAI, G.K. PODILA, and
V.L. CHIANG • . . . . • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Chapter 27 - Potential Use of Populus for Phytoremediation of
Environmental Pollution in Riparian Zones
M.E. DIX, N.B. KLOPFENSTEIN, J.W. ZHANG, S.W. WORKMAN, and
M.-S. KIM • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . .
206
Chapter 28 - Poplar Genetically Engineered for Reproductive Sterility and
Accelerated Flowering
A. MEILAN and S.H. STRAUSS . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
212
Chapter 29 - Integration of Molecular and Classical Genetics: A Synergistic
Approach to Tree Improvement
R.J. DINUS and G.A. TUSKAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
220
Chapter 30 - Application of Tissue Culture Systems for Commercial
Plant Production
K.A. LOUIS and L.E. ElLS. .. . .. . . . .. . . . . • . .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
236
Chapter 31 - Economics of Producing Populus Biomass for Energy and
Fiber Systems
C.H. STRAUSS and S.C. GRADO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
241
Chapter 32 - Environmental Risk Assessment and Deployment Strategies
for Genetically Engineered Insect-Resistant Populus
K.F. RAFFA, K.W. KLEINER, D.O. ELLIS, and B.H. McCOWN . . . . . . . . . . .
249
Chapter 33 - Biotechnology Risk Assessment: A View From Plant Pathology
X.B. YANG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Chapter 34 - Biotechnology, Biodiversity, and Bioethics
M.A. AHUJA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section VI.
273
Appendices
Authors and Affiliations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
281
Reviewer Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
288
Scientific and Common Names of Biological Organisms Associated With
Populus Biotechnology
M.C. DILLON, R.C. CARMAN, and M.-S. KIM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
290
Glossary of Populus Tissue Culture and Molecular Biology
M.-S. KIM, M.C. DILLON, and R.C. CARMAN.. . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . . .. .
295
Index of Populus.................................................... 311
General Index....................................................... 313
USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-GTR-297. 1997.
iii