Contents
Welcome and Opening Remarks
Jose Salinas and Bob Langsenkamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
My Vision of the Pilon/Socioeconomic Potential of Piion Woodlands
JeffKline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ecosystem Management in the Southwestern Region
Cathy Dahms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Pilon-Juniper Initiative in the Southwestern Region
Douglas W. Shaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
What Kind of Woodland Does the Future Hold?
RonaldM.Lanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Spiritual Values of the Piiion-Juniper Woodland: A Hopi Perspective
Bruce K. Koyiyumptewa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Local and Agency Partnerships in Managing Piiion-Juniper Woodlands
DavidLujan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The Forest Service's Piiion-Juniper Initiative for the Southwest
L a q H e n s o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Commercial Leases and Permits for Piiion Nut Harvesting
Jim Norwick, Dennis Garcia, and Bill Torgersen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Pine Nuts (Pinus) Imported Into the United States
Elbert L. Little, Jr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Four Generations Trading Piiion Nuts With Native Americans: Changes
Needed for Future Prosperity
Ellis Tanner and Don Grieser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Revegetation of Piiion-Juniper Woodlands With Native Grasses
GenevaChong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Influence of History and Climate on New Mexico Piion-Juniper
Woodlands
Julio L. Betancourt, Elizabeth A. Pierson, Kate Aasen Rylander,
James A. Fairchild-Parks, and Jeffrey S. Dean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Piiion-Juniper Ecosystems Through Time: Information and Insights
From the Past
Thomas R. Cartledge and Judith G. Propper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Ecology and Diversity of Piiion-Juniper Woodland in New Mexico
William A. Dick-Peddie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Zuni Cultural Relationships to Piiion-Juniper Woodlands
Ronald K. Miller and Steven K. Albert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Traditional Use of Piiion-Juniper Woodland Resources
Maria Teresa Garcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
The Sociological and Ecological Consequences of Managing Piiion
Woodlands
William deBuys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Establishing Research, Management, and Harvest Areas for Piiion Nut
Production
Gary Cunningham, Jim Fisher, and John Mexal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Spatial Variation of Piiion-Juniper Woodlands in New Mexico
RexD.Pieper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Isolated Butte and Mesa Summits of the Colorado Plateau
Nicholas S. Van Pelt and David W. Johnson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Pattern and Relationships of Terrestrial Cryptogam Cover in Two
Piiion-Juniper Communities in New Mexico
Juanita A. R. Ladyman, Esteban Muldavin, and Reginald Fletcher. . . . . . . . 97
Managing Southwestern Piiion-Juniper Woodlands: The Past Half
Century and the Future
Elbert L. Little, Jr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Distribution and Multiresource Management of Piiion-Juniper
Woodlands in the Southwestern United States
Gerald J. Gottfried and Kieth E. Severson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Woody Debris in Undisturbed Piion-Juniper Woodlands of New Mexico
Kristina A. Ernest, Earl F. Aldon, and Esteban Muldavin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Insect and Disease Associates of the Piiion-Juniper Woodlands
TerrenceJ.Rogers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Rehabilitation of Southwestern Rangelands Using Sewage Sludge:
Technology Applicable to Piiion-Juniper Ecosystems?
Richard Aguilar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Management Implications for Mule Deer Winter Range in Northern
Piiion-Juniper
Rita R. Suminski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Occurrence and Control of Piiion Pine, Alligator Juniper, and Gray Oak
Sprouts and Seedlings Following Fuelwood Harvest
M. Karl Wood and Roxanne Scanlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Piiion-Juniper Guild Associations: A Presentation to the State Land
Office Conference on Piiion Management
Ben Haggard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Bureau of Indian Affairs Pilot Woodlands Management Program
Beverly A. Schwab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
Soil Nutrient Research on the Heber Ranger District Apache-Sitgreaves
National Forest
Hazel Perry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
The Piiion-Juniper Invasion: An Inevitable Disaster
Sid Goodloe.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Carrizo Demonstration Area: Restoration of a Southwest Forest
Ecosystem
Richard S. Edwards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Procedural Guidelines for Developing Soil and Water Conservation
Practices in Piiion-Juniper Ecosystems
CharlesL. Spann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Forest Stewardship & Stewardship Incentive Program (SIP)
Lorie Stoller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
U.S. Market for Imported Pignoli Nuts
Steven Delco, Roberta Beyer, and Fritz Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Action Plan Resulting from the Piiion-Juniper Symposium. . . . . . . . . . . . . 168