This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Aspen: Ecology and Management in the Western United States Norbert V. DeByle and Robert P. Winokur, editors INTRODUCTION DeByle and Winokur I. THE TREE Taxonomy Distribution Morphology Growth Sexual Reproduction, Seeds, and Seedlings Vegetative Regeneration Genetics and Variation Harper, Shane, and Jones Jones Jones and DeByle Jones and Schier McDonough Schier, Jones, and Winokur Jones and DeByle 11. ECOLOGY Vegetation Associations Climates Soils Effects of Water and Temperature Fire Other Physical Factors Diseases Insects and Other Invertebrates Animal Impacts Mueggler Jones and DeByle Jones and DeByle Jones, Kaufmann, and Richardson Jones and DeByle Jones and DeByle Hinds Jones, DeByle, and Bowers DeByle 111. RESOURCES AND USES Forage Wildlife Water and Watershed Wood Resource Wood Utilization Nurse Crop Esthetics and Landscaping Mueggler DeByle DeByle Jones, DeByle, and Winokur Wengert, Donnelly, Markstrom, and Worth Shepperd and Jones Johnson, Brown, and Timmons IV. MANAGEMENT Management Overview Regeneration Intermediate Treatments Rotations Harvesting Management for Esthetics and Recreation, Forage, Water, and Wildlife LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX INDEXES Jones, Winokur, and Shepperd Schier, Shepperd, and Jones Jones and Shepperd Jones and Shepperd Jones and Shepperd DeByle