Academic Program Review SUMMARY* Department under review____Department of Modern Languages_____ Date self-study received in Dean’s office 2009 Date of external consultant’s review April, 2010 Date APR received report Fall, 2011 APR’S summary of self-study (first two boxes must be completed) The department under review, the Department of Modern Languages (or MLG), is exceptionally complex. It encompasses a diverse list of programs: three majors, four minors, three business-related concentrations, two certificates, and a separate certification in teacher education for the state of Wisconsin. In addition to three major languages, faculty collaborate to offer six additional languages, as well as teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL). The number of faculty and staff was recorded at 19.5 IFTE in 2008, and has expanded since that date. There are additional “Amity Scholars” who visit on a yearly basis, a department chair, ADA, section heads, a separate position for the director of the Learning Resource Center, a TESOL coordinator, and plans for a coordinator for lower-level Spanish instruction -- totaling 27 individuals (08-09 self study, p. 41). Along with all of that, MLG includes close coordination with the Office of International Education and supports opportunities for cultural diversity on campus and the study abroad program. The size and diversity of this department makes it difficult for the APR committee to summarize, but it is clear that this complexity results from a committed response to the difficulty of its stated mission: “to help students develop the linguistic, literary and crosscultural competence necessary to live, work and become lifelong learners in our diverse world” (p. 1). In honestly attempting to reach this difficult objective, there can be no doubt that this department has expended significant effort and had great success. APR’s comments: Since the Modern Language Department self-study was written in AY 2008-09, this department has undergone major changes, resulting both from internal initiatives and in response to suggestions from external reviewers and UW-L administration. While this history of transition indicates a dynamic and responsive academic enterprise with engaged faculty making strategic decisions, the Self-Study document (which includes portions written in 2009 and 2011) reflects different stages in the department’s development. The comments and recommendations below are thus tempered by the knowledge that this department is in a long-term state of transition, and some commentary may no longer apply to current conditions. Notable Strengths The self-study, external review, and dean’s letters all indicate a department with significant organizational, professional, and pedagogical strengths. There is a noteworthy record of committed and professional faculty and cohesive interactions between disparate components of the department. MLG has been successful in arguing for and hiring GQA and replacement positions to meet increased student demand. Finally, the professionally-engaged and dynamic faculty have collaborated 2 in creating meaningful assessment, curricular revision, and certification opportunities, including a noteworthy commitment to the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language’s Oral Proficiency Interview. Notable Weaknesses ○ The department is dealing with persistent, serious and ongoing issues of collegiality. ○ The department reports that it holds common objectives, methodologies and resources; however, as demonstrated in the disjointed nature of this selfstudy document and in observations by the external reviewer, the department continues to lack evidence of a shared identity. This is partly an obvious and understandable consequence of the department’s complexity and diversity, but also indicates missed opportunities in authoring documents meant to represent the entire department. For example, the self-study document is composed not as a single departmental response to the posed questions, but instead as separate responses from each language, with an entirely separate self-study from the Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages minor. Likewise, assessment and curricular design appear to be unique for every program in the department, with decreased opportunity for efficiency of shared objectives, resources, or leadership. ○ The department continues to experience organizational and curricular difficulties in responding to expanding and asymmetric demand in Spanish. APR comments on any/all of the six specific components of the self-study (if applicable) Self Study: Purposes Following the 2001 external reviewer’s recommendation, the Department of Modern Languages (MLG) put great effort in 2008 into crafting a mission statement to reflect the aims of the entire department: “The ability to communicate across national and linguistic borders has become essential in our globalized world. The mission of the Department of Modern Languages is to help students develop the linguistic, literary and cross-cultural competence necessary to live, work and become lifelong learners in our diverse world” (1). The purposes are clearly stated as objectives and focus on the following areas: developing second-language communication, developing an awareness of diverse cultural contexts, preparing students for professions involving second-language skills and cross-cultural knowledge, contributing toward the University Core of general education, supporting study abroad programs and providing opportunities beyond the classroom or making connections within the community. To implement the stated objectives and mission given above, the MLG Department offers several majors, minors and certificate programs. The six majors include Spanish, Spanish 3 with Business concentration, French, French with Business concentration, German Studies and German Studies with Business concentration. The minors include Spanish, French, German Studies, and TESOL (Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages). It should be noted that some students select TESOL as part of their teaching certifications. Finally, two certificate programs have been added since the last APR report: French Studies and Russian Studies. While it is not housed in the MLG Department, the MLG faculty contribute significantly toward the International Studies Minor (INS). Additionally, Dr. Francine Klein has provided study abroad courses for the study abroad program, demonstrating the strength of this collaboration between these organizations. Self Study: Curriculum APR’s ability to summarize the department’s curriculum is complicated by the fact that each language’s curriculum is presented independently in the self-study report. Because French, Spanish and German Studies all have degree offerings (see descriptions under “Purposes”), a more extensive description is included. French: a major, minor and a certificate program all exist for students choosing to study French. The major requires 30 credits above the intermediate level, and has three tracks: B.A. in French, B.A. in French with Business concentration, and a B.S. in Secondary Education with a French major. The minor requires students to complete all 18 of their credits from upper-division courses. The certificate was created for students interested in continuing study in French, but who were unable to complete the number of credits required for a minor due to their other majors’ credit requirements. Therefore, the French certificate only requires completion of 18 credits -- 8 of which are at the intermediate level (201, 202). Unique French courses include France and the Francophone World (covers topics such as women’s rights, politics, colonial Africa), Business French, Current Events, French cinema, and African and Caribbean Literature. German Studies: a major and a minor are available. The major has two tracks: B.A. in German Studies and a B.A. in German Studies with a Business concentration. Both the German studies major and minor can be certified for education, but they have different requirements including 1) demonstrate proficiency at a level equivalent to Intermediate High on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Scale, 2) complete an approved foreign language immersion experience, and 3) pass the Praxis II content test(s) in the language(s) to be certified for teaching. (An official test score report is required prior to student teaching enrollment). In addition, students must take German 330 Conversation and Phonetics or equivalent. The German Studies program provides a compelling and professionally-advanced approach as it addresses “culture in a broader sense” (6). As a result, students do not study just literature and history, but also language as situated in the broader context of education, politics, European Union, and contemporary letters. The German Studies major requirement of 33 credits beyond the intermediate level is comparable to peer institutions. In order to complete a major in the German Studies program, students are required to have an approved immersion experience in a German-speaking country. Many German Studies 4 minors choose to include the study-abroad experience as part of their programs as well. Spanish program: students can select a major or a minor in this area. The major has three tracks: B.A. in Spanish, B.A. in Spanish with a Business concentration, and a B.S. in Spanish with Early Childhood to Adolescent Education. Both majors require 30 credits past the intermediate level, a greater number than comparable institutions. The Education track with a Spanish major requires a semester-long immersion experience, while those students who might have another major or minor education track would only need 10 weeks of an immersion experience. The Spanish minor is only 18 credits, allowing many students in other majors to easily manage the required credits and to apply the use of Spanish language and culture in their planned careers. Newly-developed Spanish courses contributing to the curriculum include the following: Spanish for the Medical Professions, Current Events, Films in Spanish, Theoretical and Technical Aspects of Translation and Interpretation, Topics in Hispanic Cultures, Studies in Hispanic Literature, Emerging New Hispanic Literature and Spanish Grammar for teachers. The development of new classes on everyday life and popular culture in Spanish-speaking societies “follows a growing trend in Spanish programs to serve the needs of students with other majors who are looking for courses that will help to prepare them better for using the Spanish language in other professions and meeting the challenge of understanding a growing Hispanic population in the United States” (9). Additional languages and programs: Beyond these degree offerings and minors, the Department of Modern Languages provides a wide array of opportunities to study language in the General Education program. The Department continues to seek ways to make these opportunities available. The Department has been successful in receiving funding through distance learning, both teaching and receiving courses in other languages. Currently, Japanese and Russian have been part of this approach. Additionally, a very successful and sustained relationship with Guangxi Normal University has provided a constant offering of Chinese 101-102 (This has actually led to the creation of a full-time IAS position in Chinese, with a new hire to begin Fall 2012). Another interesting aspect of the Modern Languages Department is that Dr. Bee Lo is teaching Hmong courses. While these offerings have been directed more toward a student population serving local hospitals and school districts, the MLG has submitted Hmong 204 and 304 courses for inclusion in general education as a separate option to complete the language requirement. These courses were approved Spring 2012. TESOL: This undergraduate minor, coordinated though MLG, is open to all colleges and is “designed to address the English as a Second Language standards” as developed by the state DPI (43). Requirements have recently been reduced to a minimum 25 credits (approved by UCC, 2008), although it appears there might be additional credits required for education majors (up to 30 credits total). The minor is interdisciplinary, requiring a combination of 16 credits from Modern Languages and English, and a minimum of 9 elective credits, of which six must come from the following departments: anthropology, communication studies, education studies, philosophy, psychology, and special education (43). A strength of this undergraduate minor is that students will complete over a minimum of 90 hours experience directly working with English language learners (43). 5 Self Study: Assessment of Student Learning & Degree of Program Success The Department of Modern Languages uses two different sets of measurements: the proficiency guidelines from the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) and the National Standards for Foreign Language Learning (National Standards). Since the National Standards were a more recent adoption for the MLG, they have provided those approaches to assessments in the Self-Study Document: MLG has used the ACTFL guidelines for measuring proficiencies in listening, speaking, reading, writing and culture. Each proficiency has multiple components, and the department summarizes which course offerings (across languages) address these individual components. However, no assessment data of student work was provided in the self study specifically in the context of the ACTFL proficiencies. Methods of Assessment: ● ● ● ● ● ● Student Writing Portfolios: Since 2002 the MLG has adopted the writing in the major program. This writing portfolio is required for upper-division courses in FRE, SPA and GER Studies (all majors and minors are required to keep this portfolio every semester). The writing portfolio is assessed each semester for content and presentation. Further, students also do a self-assessment and set goals for their own writing. In the spring each language area (FRE/SPA/GER) reviews a sample of portfolios to “determine strengths and areas for improvement for the program” (15). Senior Exit Survey: Graduating seniors are sent an email with a link to an extensive survey regarding their university experiences. Data is analyzed by and within individual language areas, and then they were discussed in department meetings. The form was revised in Spring 2012. General Education assessment: The body of the self-study document reported an oral assessment for the 102, 201 and 202 courses. Questions were recorded in the Language Resource Center by Amity scholars and students recorded their answers to these questions. However, since data was provided in the Appendices by individual language, it was difficult to find how this common data might have been used by the MLG. Biennial Assessment results are provided in the Appendix. Each major language area provides some forms of assessment, the collection of the data, and how they interpret that data. Education Students. All students first are evaluated through an Oral Interview (from the ACTFL). When this was administered, all students passed, with many achieving an “advanced” rating. There are two separate tracks based on the Oral Proficiency Interview. The first track is for students who have achieved satisfactory coursework in the classroom. Professors simply recommend these students to the School of Education. The second track is for students who are marginal in their coursework, and the MLG requires a faculty member to administer an additional written test. Study Abroad. When students return to campus after a study-abroad experience, the Department requires an additional three-credit course in the target language. The Department takes this opportunity to study the impact on foreign language study, but data is provided by language area and not for the department as a whole. The Department also included several examples of informal assessment, which include 6 students successes in education employment, community programs and, in particular, the study abroad program with Universitas Castellae in Valladolid. The Department also provided each language area’s assessment documents. French, German Studies and Spanish all seem to be very invested in a variety of approaches to assessing student learning (no data was provided regarding Chinese, Russian and Hmong language areas). The French area has done an especially clear job of providing data and its impact on curricular reform. This data (provided by the French area) clearly represented all course levels (100, 200, 300, and 400) and showed conclusions based on data as a whole. Separately, TESOL also addressed assessment. TESOL provided a description of how each standard stipulated by WI Department of Public Instruction (DPI) is addressed in required courses throughout the minor. A required assignment for the TESOL minor capstone course has been used for the assessment task. The evaluations of six students each are provided from 2004, 2006 and 2008. Generally, the results suggest that students are meeting most standards (which was a 2 out of a 3-point scale). The TESOL portion of assessment also provided a lengthy response to the results along with curricular changes made to improve the effectiveness of the program. Self Study: Previous Academic Program Review and New Program Initiatives On page 430 of the 2008 MLG self-study document, the department appended recommendations from the 2002 APR summary of the 2001 department self-study. This APR summary offered recommendations in three areas: Assessing and Improving Instruction, Faculty/staff Concerns, and Technology. In the area of instruction and technology, the APR identified concerns with the Oral Proficiency Interview, testing other skills, offering a useful capstone on the study abroad experience (which they now have), and a need for updated technology. None of these concerns appeared pressing. In the area of faculty and staff concerns, however, the APR listed “desperate” and “great” concerns, including a need for more positions, need to respond to growth of the Spanish demand, and the fact that “Retention, promotion, and merit issues are of great concern,” including addressing the questions of “how to provide more mentoring for junior faculty; how to nurture a research tradition within the Department; how to clarify merit policies and implement them; [and] how to get faculty promoted” (431). At the time, the APR recommended the continuation and development of a number of curricular and institutional arrangements, from the Oral Proficiency Interview, to assessment, entrance exams, study abroad support, controls on the growth of Spanish, support of TESOL, and technological development. Amongst many recommendations, a few stand out, including the suggestion to “Provide more mentoring for junior faculty as regards retention, tenure, and promotion;” and “Be sure the connection of the foregoing to merit and promotion is clear. Be sure all promotion and merit expectations are clear for all,” including a suggestion for “face-to-face annual review.” Overall, in 2002 the APR offered 7 recommendations on Instruction, 5 on Faculty/Staff issues, and an additional two in technology. In the 08-09 self-study, MLG noted a long list of recommendations from APR and other sources (pages 34-40). Responses to recommendations include progress on developing skills in assessing student work in oral proficiency, holistic evaluation, and writing; decisions against pursuing entrance exams for majors, with the proposition for a minimum GPA in Spanish but not other languages; 7 increased advising for study abroad; GQA hires to support large numbers of Spanish majors but a decision against limiting the numbers of those majors; and continued growth in organizational support for TESOL. In the faculty/staff area, MLG reported increased number of staff and faculty, including the transfer of a faculty position from French to Spanish, progress in “successfully mentoring probationary faculty” (36), success in producing additional research under heavy teaching load, face-to-face interviews with staff and probationary faculty, and good representation in faculty governance. In the area of technology, MLG reported “great strides” in improving access to technology and funding. New program initiatives reported in the 08-09 self study include plans to offer Hebrew as a minor language, and planned expansion of the TESOL program. In a separate part of the self-study, TESOL indicates that curricular changes contribute “to the possibility of a future proposal for a post-baccalaureate TESOL certificate” (52). Self Study: Support for Achieving Academic Program Goals (Resources) In various locations throughout the self-study, the department assesses its resources for reaching its goals, including access to classroom space, teaching technology, and support services. While the report indicates that access to technology-equipped instructional spaces had “evolved considerably” since 2001, there was still room for improvement (34). The addition of technology to many teaching spaces in Graff Main Hall improved the situation; the department obtained mobile technology carts; and the creation of a Language Resource Center with digital resources greatly modernized offerings. An additional technology grant written by the new director of the LRC helped here, as has the transition in Fall of 2011 to some classrooms in Centennial Hall. Staff and faculty offices were a concern in the 2008 self study; however, by 2012 MLG had gained access to more office space previously used by Psychology, and at the moment “All faculty and staff have individual offices in GMH,” according to the department chair. APR examination of the appended budget data sheet indicates limited support in the departmental budget for supplies and equipment, which is less than University average and, more importantly, has not increased since FY 03-04, even while the department has expanded significantly. On the other hand, CLS additional budgetary support has increased significantly over that same time period, and is higher than average -- totaling $20,586 in FY 2010, more than the college average of ~$17,000. External Reviewer Recommendations APR’s Comments on External Reviewer (if applicable) In April of 2010, MLG hosted Dr. Wendy Allen of St. Olaf College as an external reviewer. Dr. Allen produced a detailed report consisting of seven single-spaced pages in May of 2010. The External Review is divided into three sections, dealing with the success of the MLG program, the concerns for the next year or two (which as of 2012, have already occurred), and the concerns that Dr. Allen felt needed to be addressed immediately, in 2010. Regarding the success of the MLG Department, the reviewer noted the clarity of the Department mission statement currently posted on the Department’s website; the presence of devoted, caring faculty with strong knowledge and teaching skills who are described as 8 “professionals in the best sense of the term” (59); positive collaborations with Amity scholars and study abroad programs; adequate and tailored curricula that reflects the strengths of the faculty in each area; and “impressive strides” in assessment (61). Some broader concerns from the External Reviewer included the perception of whether MLG functions as a unified department and the management of the overwhelming size of the Spanish program compared to other language areas. The more immediate concerns from the External Reviewer’s perspective included the following: a needed position in German Studies, the question(s) regarding the efficacy of the Spanish Coordinator position, and the “deteriorating sense of collegiality” (65). While the tenure-track search in German is highlighted as an important need, Dr. Allen spent more time on the next two recommendations, writing that resolving the issues surrounding the coordinator position as “the most serious—and potentially contentious—issue” for the department’s future (62). Written in 2010, the external review has concerns about the department’s plan to respond to high demand for lower-level Spanish courses by delegating much of that instruction to faculty and academic staff who would be directed by a coordinator of lower-level Spanish instruction. The external reviewer critiqued this plan, questioning “whether the coordinator structure . . . is appropriate for the institutional context and culture of UWL” as it would be more common in a larger, Ph.D. granting institution with graduate students in lower-level instruction roles (63-4). Dr Allen recommended temporarily negating the powers and responsibilities of the coordinator position pending reconsideration at higher levels. The collegiality of the faculty within the Department was also highlighted as an area of major concern, with the reviewer reporting that “was becoming increasingly difficult for faculty to discuss contentious issues dispassionately and with at least a modicum of civility” (65). Unfortunately, the disagreements between colleagues have affected the student experience, where students are feeling “‘caught’ between competing voices” (65). Dr. Allen wrote that “faculty do not need to love their colleagues, but they must respect them as colleagues and deal with them in a civil manner, whether in public settings or private ones” (65). Despite these concerns, the external reviewer ended on an optimistic note, stating that the department should be proud to possess “a shared vision of who you are as a department and of the role and contribution of each individual program to the whole; a deep commitment to your students and a genuine interest in them as language learners and as people; and generally positive interpersonal relations” (65). Department’s response to the Reviewer Recommendations APR’s Comments on the Department’s Response (if applicable) Beginning on page 66 of the self-study, MLG presented a plan of action for all of the nine recommendations; rather than summarize all of these, the APR has decided to highlight responses of interest. Regarding the Spanish Coordinator position, the Department followed the recommendation of the External Reviewer to reconsider this position and the overall strategy behind it. The department subsequently renewed its commitment to this path of action, and worked to clarify and facilitate the position’s responsibilities: “Following an all-department meeting on this subject facilitated by the Affirmative Action Officer, the MLG Retention and Tenure 9 Committee held three meetings to define the role and duties of the lower-level Spanish coordinator” (67). The department also indicated that it would work towards the large-scale reassessment of Spanish curriculum, facilitated by an outside curricular expert, recommended by the reviewer (67-8). Two of the recommendations concern assessment, and the Department agreed that a simpler format for reporting assessment might benefit both the authors and the reviewers of such documents. Further suggestions are to clarify the focus of the assessment task, improve analysis, discussion and how action will be taken regarding the data. One of the recommendations focused on creating a “shared departmental identity” (66) through facilitating meetings to discuss research, teaching, and shared goals. The Department responded with a plan to provide opportunities to discuss teaching and learning across the curriculum. The most important recommendation in the eyes of APR is the final one, on the subject of collegiality. The department responded by pledging to hold multiple meetings “facilitated by the Affirmative Action Officer and attended by the dean” into 2010 (68). Dean’s Letter APR’s Comments on Dean’s Letter (if applicable) In a letter written in August of 2011, the CLS Dean detailed the results of the external review and included portions of the Department’s response to the recommendations. The letter reiterates the reviewer’s positive evaluation of the department as a group of committed professionals, and comments on plans for shared discussions of pedagogy and changes to Campus Close-Up. The letter reported that the planned search for a tenure-track German position was delayed into AY 2011-12. The letter also indicates support for workshops and visits from external curriculum experts in AY 11-12 to re-conceptualize the Spanish curriculum. We feel it is significant and encouraging that the Dean’s Office has arranged for meetings with Affirmative Action and provided an outside faculty consultant in 2011-12 to help resolve issues of civility and dissension, improved communication and leadership issues. What is concerning to APR is that the Dean’s letter noted that these actions were taken in response to the fact that progress on the issue of collegiality was “limited” in 2010-2011. APR’s Recommendations (must be completed) Recommendations: Overall, the APR committee commends the department on responding to challenges and suggestions that have arisen over the previous decade. While the APR will make specific recommendations below, most of these points are merely re-statements of topics broached by the external reviewer or administration, and the APR suggests that addressing the serious matters in those documents should be the highest priority for the department in the future. Nevertheless, here are recommendations from APR: 1. It is absolutely imperative that the department continue attempts to foster a culture of respect and collegiality. Lack of collegiality is clearly impacting departmental decision making, instruction, and most disturbingly, students. This cannot continue. Encouraging 10 collegiality is such a difficult thing that APR has no specific suggestions about how to accomplish it; we only know that academic departments and programs work immeasurably better when personnel respect and support each other. MLG should take every resource and opportunity available to work towards this goal, or risk failing to function as an administrative unit. We hope that the MLG Department will be able to present proof of some considerable movement toward this end and feel that a more tangible consequence should be considered by the administration should the faculty fail to demonstrate progress. 2. MLG should continue to respond to recommendations from inside the department, from administration and from external reviewers to improve the cohesiveness of the department. MLG has already taken steps to respond to these suggestions, ranging from creation and posting of mission statements, to bulletin boards with names and faces of faculty and staff, to a well-designed website and shared departmental events. These actions should be continued in order to work towards the goal of a unified department, and the APR Committee feels this would be beneficial to document in the next APR report; this could be as simple as providing dates of meetings where the focus was this topic. 3. While earlier documents suggested the department work to mentor and encourage junior faculty, and the 08-09 self-study the department indicated that it believed it had been “successfully mentoring probationary faculty” (36), there is insufficient evidence of organized attempts to mentor junior faculty in the documents available to APR. Subsequent events also indicate continued concern in this area. The department should re-assess actions taken in this area to consider relative success and future plans. 4. The department has demonstrated tremendous efforts in assessment for each language area. However, the self-study document should include a collection of data that represents the results of departmental assessment. It might be useful, for example, to report Senior Exit Surveys (already a current practice) by the department rather than only by language area. Secondly, MLG might consider simplifying assessment tasks so that data collection might be efficiently analyzed as a group (rather than detailed evaluation of individual responses) and could be more easily generalized across language areas to represent student learning. 5. The Department appears to have addressed the Spanish coordinator issue, following the suggestion by the External Reviewer to reconsider this approach. APR supports the department’s choice of maintaining their strategy and plan of action despite the external reviewer’s recommendation, as the committee believes that this choice is within the department’s purview. 6. In response to both the direction above and concerns from external reviewer about the cohesion of the department, MLG should work in the future to produce a single document reflecting cooperation between different programs of the department. While it is true that TESOL is significantly different, treating it as a separate department, with its own separate responses (pages 43-52) to all questions, is detrimental to efficiency. Similarly, it is unclear that there is enough difference between language areas to warrant presentation as separate components of a report. Therefore, the Department of Modern Languages should work to present a more compact summary of departmental work as a self-study -- a 432 page document is too large and disorganized to be useful. The next full self-study document should pay careful attention to succinctly and clearly summarizing departmental issues. 11 □ No serious areas to address – review in next regularly scheduled cycle □ Some areas to address – review in next regularly scheduled cycle ✕ Some areas to address – department should submit short report on progress to Fac Senate/Provost’s Office in 3 years APR recommends that the department report on the results of recent changes in an interim, three-year report in advance of the department’s next regularly scheduled selfstudy. Overall, the Department of Modern Languages has itself made several major changes in the last few years, and has been pressed by external commentators and forces to make more. For example, the Dean’s Letter indicates plans for AY 10-11 for a major Spanish curriculum re-design. As such, many responses and reforms have only been implemented recently. In particular, APR agrees that the issues of collegiality documented in the External Reviewer’s report and Dean’s letter must be addressed in this three-year, interim progress report. * APR’s report to faculty senate will consist of this completed form in electronic form.