International Council for
the Exploration of the Sea
C. I,: • '199c~/G: 54
DemersEü'-:B'ish Committee
Redfish spawnins grounds in the Barents Sea
and adjucent waters
Polar Research Institute of ~arine Fisheries
and Oceanography (PINnO), G Knipovich.Street,
183763 Murmansk, Hussia
AB&flHAOII
Gl~ounds
anel periods of recLfish spClvming a8 woll as fac tors infl uencing it were specified by date. of ichthyoplankton surveys, couducted in the north-eastern Norwegian Sea and 8outh-western Barents
Sea in April-July 1959-1990, and by data of distribution of both
Bebastes marinus and Bebastes mentella spawning ~emales in MarchJune, 1959-90.
It was rcvealed that the mass spm·minc of redfish takes plo,ce in
spring/summer: B. mentellq - in April/r·:ay and S. marinus - from
the end of April to June. Tho main area of larvae extrusion of'
S. mentella is the Kop;ytov Bank and that~ of. 1::). lI1"rinus i8 the
Lofoten Shallows. The general feature for all spawning areas i8 thnt
they are located aleng thc warm streams of the BAstarn Branch bf
thc Norwegian Current.
B. mentella larvao aro mainly concontrated irithe 0-50 m layer and
s. marinus larvae - in the 0-25 m layer. I],he biggest number cf
larvae are nated in the areas: for S. mentella - with tomperaturo
of 5°C emd more and far S. marinus - 6-7°0. There i8 a cl:i.rect
dependence between thc larvae abundance anel ywtor tornperature.
2.
INTRODUCTION
There are three species of redfish d\velling in the North-Enstern
Atlantic and differring from each other by several morpholoßical
features and modes of life: Sebastes mentella Trawin, Sebastes
: marinus ~. and Sebastes viviparus Kr~ner (Travin, 1960). Redfish
..' species from Sobastes genus are' related to viviparous fish. Their
spawning grounds can be determined b;y occurring spmvning fomales
or just extrudedlarvae.
Information on geographical distribution of redfish at early
s,tages of development nearby the Northern Nor\vay const and, along
the continental slope has appeared in the end of tho previous
century and was firstly presented in Corlett \'lOrks (Anon. , 19'·1-4-).
Ganevig (19'19) \vas engaged in . this problem n little bit Inter.
Both
,
authors just stated aboutthelarvae of 7-1U mmpresencc in plankton.
Beginning from 1934, the Polar Institute collects and analyses dal;a
on biology of marine redfish including the spawning period and
early stages of development (Veschezerov, 194-4-; Hasloy,194'+;
Earanenkova et al., 1970; Hukhina, 1'983; r·lukhina ct' eil", '1986).
Redfish reproduct themselves r.1ainly. outside the Barqnts Sea.
Prespawning female concentrations of S. marinus,were' detected
not 'far fro,m the Lofoten .Islnnds in thc aren limited 'by 71 0 N in
the no1'th (Baranerllcova et 0.1., 1956; Wiborg, 1958) and. those of
S. mentella - in the Kopytov area (801'okin, 19~)6, 1960; Sorkin,
1961; Borodatovet 0.1.,1960; Co1'lctt, 1961) • .Thc questiOll of
rcdfish.larvae extrusion sites can not be considered as solved
since larvae . .... often occure in the arena \vhere adult specimens
werc ~ot detected. ~esides, grounds 'nnd periods of redfish spawning
ccinqides in some arens •. IdentificDtion of la1'vae is difficult
because.of the absence of expressed species.featu1'es.
-
<-
,
At present, relatively,reliable species feature of redfish at thc
ea1'Iy
onthogenesis is the Iength of an emb1'io
extruded'from
an egg
.
.
.
in a female ova1'Y not long before thc ext1'usion (the·inlarva stage
of develop~ent). The length of S. marinus embrio is 6-8 mm, that
of S. mentella is 7-9 mm and of s. vivipa1'us io' L~-5 mm (Barsukov
et 0.1.,1984-; PO\ver, 1985). Duo to our observations, the portion
of S. vivipa1'us' la1'vae (4--5 rnrn long) does not exceed 3-3% in
~
•
•
w
average during the years 01' investir;ations, since mnterinls only
on s. mentella and s. marinus are presented.
The aim of thc paper is to summerize long-term dntu on distribution
01' marine redfish species nt early stages 01' development, specifying
their sDa1tming grounds anel revealing the environment factors influencing them.
MATEHIAL AND rvLf]l'HODS
.
Materials 01' ichthyoplo.nkton surveys conducted in the north-oDstern
Norwegian Sea and south-western Bs.rents Sea in ApriJ./Jul:'l, '·19~.9-90
are presonted. Collection <:lnd processing of materials V1ere done b~.'
the standard methods accepted in PINRO (Baranenkova, 1951). Lo.rvae
length at the moment 01' cxtrusion corresponds to that at the inlarva stage. Lengths at'the inlorva stage both in s. mentella nnd
s. marinus are similar, since the initial length 01' extruded
larvae i8 accepted. as minimum length 01' el1ch species VJhich is 6-7
mrn. The sT'awning grounds Here determinec1. by clistributionnl density
01' larva.e 6-7 mrn long in April/May and June/July, 1959-1990 and
01' spawning females. 01' both s. mentella anel s. marinus \'1i\:;h gonacls
at VIII stage 01' maturity in Narch/June •. To specify periods 01' .
larvae oxtrusion, datn 01' SEB PINRO Laboratory 01' Ground FiGh on
maturity 01' redfish females on thc s:Dmming ßroundn in January/
July, 1976-1986 are presented. The mean number 01' larvue per 1
catch by the IKS-80 net was ·accepted as their abundance factor,
and the logarithm 01' thc latter \'TaS used during mathcr.l8.tical
calculations.
Mean water temperatures 01' the Eastern Branch of thc tTorwegian
Current in the 0-50, 0-200,' O-~,OO [tnd 200-500 m lnyers (10-C and
1 sections) in April/Hay and. of the Hain Branch 01' thc Horth Cape
Current in the 0-50 anel 0-200 m layers (2-A section:) in June, as
vJell as the long-term "Jatel.' tcmperaturc in the 0-50 m laycr in
April/July in the area coverecl by the ichthyoplankton survey, \'Jere
accepted as indices of \·lO.. tcr thermal status in the spauning grounds
Long-term series of observations allowed to use thc linear correlation method and to evaluate tho dcnsity of relati.on bct\'lc()n
larvae abundunce and \'Tater tempe~ature.
4.
DIS0USSION
Long-term observations have 8ho1:111 thal; spm-mine; /.5ro1.mds and
periods of both s. mentella and s. marinus dwelling in tho
Barents Sea are mainly different. Spawning areas of every species
are quite wide.
Sebastes mentella. Spawning 01' running femalen OCCUI' in'the
areas along the continental slope to the Bear Bank, and eantvJards
along the Norwcgian coast to thc Finnmarken Bank. HasG female
concentrations are observed on the Kopytov Bank over the 500 -m
dep'th, usually (Fig. 1A). Upto 77~6 of mature females total number
in th~ Barents Sea are conccntrated in this area (Fig. 2). The
spal'minE'; dynamics- on the vlide. area 11[\.3 itn peeuliaritios. It \1~J.s
revealed durj.ns the eomparison of runnine.; femulen by monthn [lnd
areas that in Hareh in the area from the H,6st to 3,6re Banks the
females ready for larvae extrusion eonstitutcs 63~, in thc area
. ,of the Kopytov Bank - 17%, and the Bear Bank ground - 5~; (Piß.
3A). In April, the mass npawning in obsel.'ved on the Eopytov Ban}<,
the portion of the 'running fcmnles eonstitutes 735b, nearby the
Norwegian eoast - 36% and onthe Beal' Bank :- 62;'~ (Fig. 3B). In
May, the abundanee of running females redueen sharply: there is
not more than 1~~ nearby the NOl'i'1egian eoast, 1'1;6 in the Kopytov
area and 31~>6 inthe Beal.' area; in June, the running f emales i-lere
presented as single specimens (2 sp~e.) on the Fugl,{ya and Bear
Banks only (Fig. 3CD). The main number of runninG ~emalen are
eaught in March/April (Table 2). Thus, the mass sp[lvming of
§. mentella begins in the areas nenrby the Norwegian eoast and
moves gradually to the north.
Analysis of maps of· 6-7mm larvae distribution in April/~jay and
s. mentella spawning femalos has shown the similarity of their
geographieal loeation, therefol'e larvae eaught at this time ean
be related to s. mentella (Figs. 1A und L~A). At chis, a peeuliarity was noted: larvae area in relation to the area of spuwning
females oeeupies the western loeation over ~OO m depths predominantly. rrhis peciliarity is connected with the surface l"lyoro
dynamies in the area and vlill 1>e dimzussed further.
"
,
.
•
,..
,
Thus, mass s-pmming of s. mentelln in the ·north-c)ß.stern
Norwegian Sea and adjacont parts of tho BarentsSoo. takes plo.ce
in spring. It begins in r~lD.rch noarby the northern coast of nOr\·lo.y
with peak in April in thc Kopytov area and ends in.t1ay on tho Bear
Bank. r:I.'he main area of lc1rvae extrusion is the Konvtov
B;·3.nk.
,. "
S. marinus. 1.I~he arco. of B. marinus lal'vnc extrusion is' ro.t11er
large in thc. North Atlantic. They spa\'ll1 mainly in Hay/July
(lienderson ct 0.1., 196/1-). Using temperaturo curVCG, Tr.mine; (19 l l-9)
outlined the possiblc boundaries of lnrvac extrusion sites off
shore in the Norwcgian Sen in tho area of the Faroe I81s, 8cotland and Norwegian coast. \"Jiborg (1959) ,has provod this suggestion
by revealing 6-7 mrn larvae in the Norweßiun und Lofoten 8ho.llows
bebween66 0 - 70?30 ' N und 02-13 0 E in the end of Mny.
According to our data, S.marinus femalcs in the pre-spawning
period occur in thc arean northwards from thc Ilnlten Bank nlong
the coast of Norway to central areas of thc Kopytov Bank ffild
northwards and north-eastv,mrds to the Demidov Bank nnd 'i/estern
Coastal Area. The main aren of mature femule concentrntions ia
the Lofoten Shnllows (from
~.~raena to Hnlang Banlcs) with depths .
.
.
of 100-250 m, close continental shelf and nctive dynamical proco...
sses in water layers (Fig. 1B). In this aro~, the portion_of
mature females constitutos 93p of all mature fem8las by all
areas (Fig. 2) in the Lofoten Shnl10ws.Mass spawningbegins
in the end of April. Hunnine; fomnles constitute there 63/:~
(Fig. 5A). There Rr~ no deta on famule maturity in No.y, t~era­
fore we can only suggest that the intensity of spawning in this
mont;h is similar to that of April. In' June, s. mnrinus spmminG
continues in the northern areas of the spmming e;round., [lnd. running females on the Kopytov Dank constitute 31% '(Fiß. 5B). Suocession of larvac extrusion by nreas 'i~ also observed in s. mari~ as \vell. The s-pa\vninc; period of this species i8 prolongod.
.
.
to compare with S. mantella. Data for January/July show thac
females \'1ith gonads at IX mnture stage occur in largo numbor
Cupto 32~) still in Juno (Table 3).
>
>
The comparison of areus of 6-7. mm larvlle in Jun,o-July, [md spawning femnles of 8. marinus has sho\"n thcir coinciclcnce (Fig. 1B
and 4B). The muin.number of lurvae \'las caught on tho coastal
ban]-::s, but because of the currents system, >their major numbc1.;
•
>
•
6.
was caught' in deep off shore ~reas.
Thus, in t~e north-eastern part of theoNor\vegian Sen and adjacent
areas of the Barents Sea, spring/summer mass spa\ming of S. mari.
nus takes p1ace in the end of Apri1/I'Juy on tho Lofoten 8ho.110\'18
and in June - on thc Kopytov Ban1-::. ~'o compare 1;lith~. rnente11a,
the spavming period of S. I!larinus in more pro10nged. That is \'Jhy
6-7 mm lurvae caught in June/Ju1;y in the ai'ea of tho 'northorn'
co ast of Norway belong mainly to s. marinus.
1
--
~
It is seen from the comparison of arees und periods of spawning
of redfish as we11' as 6.:...7 mrn lo.rvae distributions that they coincide on the Jlla1angen Bank and ad,incent areas. 'l'hereforo, fema1es
both of ~. marinus and S. rnentolla eap sp'n\'ln there simu1 tanoous1y,
and it praetien.lly io impossible to dotorrnine to v:hieh speeies
larvae from the "mixed" area belonG.
•
It is known that the North At1antic redfish spm'm nearby thc
continenta1 shelf edge, a10ng vlD.l'm curronts, in the .~reas VIi th
active dynamics of water (Mas10v, 1941~; Veschezerov, 1944;
Taning, 1949).
Long-term observations of redfish distributions at early stages
of ontogenesis in the Norweginn Sea and adjacent waters of the
Barents Sea have shown that 1arvac area does not chanße practically. Large amount of larvae (rnorc3 tl18n ~.Q;!» is ca'ught [tfter ext1.'usion over depthsof more than ~OO m (Fig. 4, tab10 1).
In addition to the wide horizontal distribution,there are [trean
within the spmming ground uhore Inrvae concentrate: l;he Kopytov
und Malangcn Bo.nks in sprirg and banks of the Lofoten 8ho.llows
in summer (Fi~. 4). Peculiarities
of larvae distribution can be
.
exp1ained by the fact that both s. marinus and S. mente1la extrude
larvae in warm waters of the Eastern Branch of' thc Norwegian
Current, by the unequalness of pre-spnwnil1[;
female distribuLions
,
on the s:om"ninr;' grounds und b;yr the noo.rncos of' the eoni;inonto.l
slope to the larvae extrusion areas. In lntters, especially
on
.
spawnins grounds elose to Lofoten, bhere io a system 01' vortieGs
und. various floods with difforent speeds crrantsyura, 1959) because of the eomp,lex botton1 relief, rieh run off of ~.:he land
waters and advection procesnes. Speed in thc upper layer (0-10 m)
~
.
,
•
of tbe Lofoten
Kopytov Bo.nk lonie vortiees
lopment appear
shallow waters eonstitutes14-22 em/s and on the
9-12 em/s. Irhis results in formation cf antieyein whieh organisms at the pelagic stege of dove(Hukhina ot 0.1., '1987; Kovtsova et al. ,1989).
Geographieal loeation of spmminc; ~roul1cls o.nd dynamiealprocosoes
of watersinfluenee not only on thc spatial but on thc vertical
larvae distribution whieh are caught in the Norwegian Seo. in thc
0-200' m layer. At that, the main part of larvae (upto 75~'~) conC011trate in the 25-100 m layer. Length compositions cf larvae cRught .
over large and" small depths aro identical (Hansen et 0.1., 1959;
Dietrich et al~, 1961). Aceording toour data, the vertieal distributions of similar lengt:;h larvae of s. rnarinus and s. mentelln
are different. In April/r-1ay, S.' montclla larvae of G-i mm a~'e
predominantly in the 0-50 m layer at temperature of 1~.9-~.5°C.
In June/July, S. marinus lo.rvue ure in the 0-25 m layor at tempe0
rature of 6.5-7.8 C (Table lf).
Larvae abundanee. analysis in the 0-2S) anel 0-50 In layers has
shown that the water density does not influence their vertical
distribution. Beeauseof depths beine; smaller and flood speeds
anel temperatures being higher, s. marinus larvae on thc spavminG
grounds inerr.ially in v.ratcr layors lligher tho.n s. mentell,a lnrvne.
Apparentlj both the horizontal nnd vertical distributions of·
redfish larvae are mainly determincd by the nearnoss 01' the
spa\.ming c;rounds to the eont inontal .shelf and by tho 1:Jater.,
dynamics of the Eastern Branchof the Norl;legi~n Curront.
'.
In the North Atlnntie in the Sebastes reproduction sites, the
main larvac eoneontrations are observed in the upper loyers nt
0
ternperature
S •.
rrlarinus
.of
.1:)_6 C for S. mcmtolln o.ud 6-7°0 far,
, - "
(Zakho.rov, 1969; ~1agnll[3Son,·1C)G2; Herrn, 1989). In thc H01."'wcgio.n
and adjn.eent 1:lUters of the Baronts 800. :this tondenc;v in the
biology of redfish a.t oo.r1;'\7 neriod of' lif'o remains. In April/
May, the main number of 6-7 mm larvae is eaughl~ at ~)00 t:l.nd
hie;her
ami in June/July - a.t 6-7°C. It is important to, note
.
.
that spmming fomales cf both snoeicG dis tribute, at thc same
temperatures (li'ig. 1 anel 4). '1'0 evaluate quantito.tivoly relations
-
8.
between water temperatures on the spawning grounds and abunclance
of redfish at the larval staße of ontoßenesis, hydroloGical soctions
were chosen: in April/l'1ay, those which limit the main o.reo.s of
s. mentella extrusioh from the north ('lO-C) und south (1); emd in
JuneVJuly, '2-A section adjoining to tho northern border of
marinus area (Mukhina, in press).
&.
In April/Hay, thc dcnsity of rGlai~ion betwecn thc abundance of 6-7
mrn larvaeand \'mtcr temperaturc in thc spm,rninG grounds ('10-0 section,
0-50, 0-200 and 0-500 m layers; section ~I, v-50 and 0-200 m layers)
is expressed by thc correlation coefficients r = 0.78, 1." = 0.73,
1." = 0.69, 1." = 0.68, r = 0.67 at n = 22 and P = 0.05, correspondingly;
in June/July, correlation coefficients for section 2-A, 0-50 und
200 m layers are equal to 0.65 and 0.63 at n = 22 and P = 0.05,
correspondingly.
tt
Values of those dependences ShOH that there is [J. direct connoction
between extruded larvae abundance and \'lator temperaturc on spm'lning grounds.
It is knO\'rn from literature that during spa\'luinG, rcdfish females
dV.Jell at various dopths, narnc1y, s. 80ntol10. - at 300-'1-00 m depth
and S. marinus - o.t 140-270 ·m (Anclriyashev ~ '195'1-).
In addition, our worl\:ing results prove it and dej:;erminc more accuro.tely the depth lowcrwhich rcdfish females do not extrude larvae.
·remperatures of 5°C are distributcd dO\'m to 250-300 m depths in -ehe
Kopytov aren in April/May a~d 6-7°C - to 100-200 m in the Lofoton
Shallows in June/July. It means that S. mentella femaJ.es Can e}.rtrude
larvae in thc c10nth not more than 300 m and S. marinus - not more
than ~OO m.
CONCLUSIOHS
1. Hedfish d\'lclling in thc Barents Soa
2. Hass spawning of redfish ta1ces
S. mentella - in April/May Rnd
to Junc.
s.
Spo.VIU
mainly out of it.
in spring/summer:
narinus - fram tho end af April
lÜo..CC
tt
;. The main area of S. mentella larvae extrusion is the Kopytov
Bank and that of S. marinus is the Lofoten ShallovJs. Tho 1"1alangen
Bank and i ts adj a.cent parts are "mixedtt spm-ming grounds of both
species. The general feature for all spawning grounds is that they
are located along warm floods of the Eastern Branch of thc NorvJOgian Current.
4t
4. Geographical position of spawning grounds , namely, nearness
cf continental slope,: -and high water speeds in the Eastern Branch
of the NorvJegian Current influence the spatial and vorticHl distribution of redfish larvae. Large amo.unt of 18.rvae occur in the off
shore areas immediately after extrusion where depths arG more th8.n
500 m ( 50%). s. mentella larvae are mainly concontrated in the
0-50 m layer and those of s. marinus - in thc 0-25 rn layer.
·5. Larvae concentrations of the youngcst length groups (6-7 rnrn)
are observed in the areas with 50 0 und higher for §. mentella and
6-700 - for s. marinus. There is a direct dependence between 6-7 rnrn
larvae abundance and 'vater temperatures on the spm'ming grounds.
The relation value is exprcssed by the correlation coefficients:
they are 0.78-0.67 for s. mentella ffi1d 0.65-0.63 for S. marinus
at n = 22 and P = 0.05.
6. s. mentella fernales can extrude larvae in the depths
than 300 m and §. marinus - 2üO rn.
not more
10 •
T6ble I
Number of redfish larvae caught over
various depths of the Barents and
Norwegian Seas in April-July 1980-85
'Depth,:; :101"
: 200
:201: 300
:301: 500
:501: 1000
of
larvae
5099
1260
413
1492
%
35,9
:1001-:1501 2001:25ü1:
: 1500 : 2000 ~500: 3000: JOUO
------------------------------------------------------------------L
No.
I
'
8,9
2,9
10,5
I13E 1181
e,O
303 2 f64
17,l.f
ßlt7
6,0
. f
11.
,
Table 2
Percentage of mature females of S. mentella
in the Norwegian and Barents Seas by data
from research vessels in 1976-1986
-------------------------------------------------------
Stage of maturity
·•·------------------------------------. IV .. IX-lI
Y .. Yl .. Yll .. Y111
----------- -----------------------------------),3
19,4
2,5
January
Month
J'
e
February
March
April
May
June
Total number
of females
44,6 ~2,6
27,7 S3,5
e,l 20,6
o,vk
0,1
21+40
4,5
2,e
S2,)
2'1,3
61, .~.
110,6
2,)
'7j
6,2
7,6
10,7
r/ ~)
I , L.
?C Cl__
_L,
\. ..
1° ,..,
_l.,
i
. .I. 1,...l.,
Q
,
'~.
~
o,OLf
Cl
,04
o , 11
'1,1
:38,1+
211LI c:
211:.)4
1~'qC
56C
I ," \ ' "
.:.0\.'
I
Table
.
I:~
,
Fercentage of mature females of S.marinus
in the Norwegian and Barents Seas by data
from research vessels in 1976-1986
-------------------------------------------------~·
Stage of maturity
-----------------------------------------Month
Y : Y1 .: YI1
: .Ylli : IX
: IX-lI
--------------------------------------January
Fe bruary
March
April
May
June
July
Total number
of females
1,4
21,2
36,6
40,5
0,2
0,7
:3,7
1,7
24,7
5,5
0,3
70,6
90,0
117,l!
0,6
0,4
a,3
1,5
6,3
46,0
2,8
5'(,7
7,2
31,7
- \
9IS
rIro
603
665
10,4
1f)},9
7,4
2f,7
7,1
296
12 •
.Table 4
•
Vertical distribution of 6-7mm redfish
larvae in 1971, 1975 and 1981
--------------------------
-----------------
April/May
June/July
-----------------------------------. 2,
•
.
Areas
2,
0
M
0
'0
•
'0
-------------------------------------------Malangen Bank
2c
6Y)
26
4,
27
Vesteraalen Bank
RISst Bank
And.0y Bank
Fugl,tSya Bank
Kopytov area
(down to 500 m)
S,sre Bank
Norwegian Deep
Nordkyn Bank
Offshore areas
(depths 500 m)
Southern slope
of Bear Bank
Western Slope
of Bear Bank
No. of spec.
,
I
101
19
e
166
3e
14'1
6
3
4:Jl
e4
141
273
4
10::>
3
2,
c92
J
1
151
279
24
2J)
~)?
13~
6
1
2
146
j
1
4
60
126
2
2
12
13I~
23'
6'4
I
'(jO
11
1)
I
1
2e6
::>Otj
3024
62,
2.3öj
5u
e
.
r - - - - . - .'~~=:==~~-:-~7""7'""-:-"=-=:;-=-=;;..'
-
.
,
..
\,,).
,.
• o'
~~;.
..-.-.----,
.'
_ _~__
jI;-.
~._--
-;. . .
t
. '*
2.0'
nUtu~ 1 ......00 .-1& .. :'1.I~11oM'
90
72
Fig.1. Females dlstribution of S.mentella in March-May
and water temperature distribution in April-May CA);
females distribution of S.marinus in March-June and
water temperature distrioution in June-July CB)
1 - females with gonads at VIII stage of maturity,
2 - isotherm in 0-50 m layer, oe
14
,
\
%
100
A c:::J
B lZ2J
80
60
40
20
1
3
Fig.2. Percentage of mature females of S.mentella CA)
an~
S.marinus CB) by areas in 1976-1986:
I - Kopytov Bank; 2 - Northern coast of Norway
(Halten, Traena, Rbst, Vesteraalen, And~y,
Malangen, S~re, Fugl~ya banks); 3 - Norwegian
Deep, Nordkyn, Demidov, Finnmarken.and Kildin
bamks; the Western Coastal Area; 4 - Western
and Southern slopes of the Bear Bank, Western
Deep, Western Spitsbergen
.
I
'
;.
15
·,
.,
.., ., "
,
,'. ,
,
·"·0
80
,"
':
't.
,
.,
,"
\,
"
60
.'
..,
··, ,.,
,'.
"
, "
,"
,
.' :
"
,
,',
.'".
·,
·, ",
,·.
....
","
,
"
.
,'" ,
,
"
,,
,"
.
...
"
~.;
, ",
'
,
40
.'
,,
.,·,,
·,.
.' ,
...,
,
,
J
·...
,. .
,"
"
,
','
'.
.-.- ..".,
20
.'
.
- ,)
;.
....\
.
.,
Stages'of ID~turity.
•
Fig o 3.· 'Dynamics of females IDnttirity of S.mentella .in
Mar~h, April, Mayand'June.1971 find 19'/6-1986.'
in . ~he . spavming grounds:
1: -' Kopytov"bank; 2
3 Bear bank ' ~
.. ,..' .
9·2
.\
......
,
~'.
"
~
"
Northern 'coast
"
,.
I
.!
'.,
16
~·CJ
:2 - mz:J
IvlAY
%
80
3-lmJ
~o
5
6
%
WO
7
8
7
8
JUNE
60
40
20
5
6
stages of maturity
Fig.3
(contunued)
·9
9-2
r=======::r=:==:==:==:=====;:=:.~",\}~_---:::.==:::===·~-~._
.....~~.-, -::-;-:.,= ===---'--'
: ,'"
17
"~
..
---_. - ----- ...._--_.__..--r------.--------..,-----::--,.-------------,.--------.-----
7Z
,.
I
I
20'
3D'
. Fig.4. Distribution of redfish larvae 6-7 mm long in
April/May CA) and June/July (B) in 1959-1990:
1 ,- 1-10 spec. per 1 catch;
2
11-50 spec. per 1 catch;
3 - 51-200·spec. per 1 catch
I
18
)
~ c:J
%
100
•
a lZ2J
3~
A
, 412S:8J
80
;1-
60
~O
e'
20
8
9·
30
20
iQ
5
7
6
8
.
9,
Stages of maturity
'.
Fig.5 ~llituration dynamics of S.marinus females 'on
.
the Lofoten Shallows CA) and Kopytov Bank CB) .
'in 1971 and1976-1986:
1 - March, 2 - April, 3· - f:1ay, 4 - June
9-2
7
HEF BREN CES
,
. ANDRIYASH.8V, A.P. 1954. li'ishes of the Horthern Seus. Izdatelstvo
AN SSSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 566 p.(in Russian).
ANON., 19 L1-4. The spawning of Sebastes marinus in the Bareni;s Sea.
Trudy PINRO, Murmansk, 8: 280-306 (in Russian).
BARANßNKOVA., A.S. 1961. On methods of studies of commercial fish
early stages. In: PINHO Hcsearch Bulletin, Eurmansk, 2-3 (16-17):
10-13 (in Hussian).
BARANENKOVA, A.S., N.S.KHOKHIJINA, and I.G. YUDAlJOV. '1956. 'rho distribution of the larvae of the soa-perch of thc genus Sebastes in
the NOr\'legian Sea. In: Doklady AN SSSk, 111(2): 1+89-490 (in
Russian) •
. BAHANENKOVA, A.S., V.K.:6HUU.AVLEVA, [1.nd N.S.KHORHLINA. 1970. '.rhe
distribution and drift of larvae of fish in the Baronts Sea in
June/July 1967. In: I'-latorialy rybokhoz;yai.stvcnnykh i8s1edovanij
Severnogo basseina, fvlurmans];:, 14: 2G_lj.3 (in Russian).
BARSUKOV, V. V., N.N.LITVINBHKO, :md V.P.SEHEBRYAKOV. 198 LI·. I"lethodologicnl instructions on determination of rcdfish species in thc
northern part of the Atlantic Ocoo.n and ndjncent seas. Kuliningrad, 28 p.(in Russian).
BOHODATOV, V.1\.., and V.I.T.Lü\.Vnr. 1960. Hain stnges in tho Soviel";
studies of the redfish in the North Atlantic. In: Soviet Fishories Investiea.tions in:North European Soas. Hybnoe l(hozyaistvo,
Moscow, p.277-284 (in Russinn).
CORLETT, J. 1961. Distribution of redfisl1 larvae in the Vlestern
Barents Sea. ICNAF Spec.Publ., No.3.
DANNBVIG, A. 1919. Fiskoed oe; yngel i Lofoten. Rep. on NOr\'l •.Fish
and Ho.r.invcst., 3(3).
DIETRICH, G., H.AURICH, and A.KO~TH~US. 1961. On thc relationship
betv.,reonthe distribution of rodfish und. reclfish larvae and "the
hydrographical conditions in the Irminger Sen. IUNAFSpcc.l)ubl.,
No. 3.
HANS:t.1:f, V.K., K.P.AND:t:HSEN. 1959. Hocent Dnnish investigo.tions on·
the distributions of larv~o of Sebastes marinus in thc North
Atlantic. C.!"1.1959. Redfish symposium E-1.
HENDEltSOH, G.D., and. ')).H.JUlT.Ji,;S. 1964. Adult redfish in tllG open
ocean.·(Intcrion report on iishin~ trials at occun weather
station "A tI ) • . ICNAlI' Hes.Bull. No.1.
20.
HERRA, T. 1989. Larvae redfish drift migration in relation to hydrographie features. Rapp.P.-v.Houn.Cons.int.Explor.r'·Ier, 191:
465-466.
KOVTSOVA, M.V., N.V.HUKIIINA, und E.A.DVIHINA. 1989. Influeneo of
oeeanographie and biologiea1 faetors on surviva1 of ArctoNorwegian haddock at ear1y ontogonesis. In: Voprosy promys1ovoi
okeanologii Severnogo basseina, PINHO, f1urmansk, p.126-138
(in Russio.n).
MAGNUSSON, J. 1qG2. Redfish larvae in thc Irminger Sea in ~lny 19G1.
IOES Distant Northern Seas Committec.
11ASLOV, N.A. 1944. The Fisheries of tho Horivay IIaddock in thc
Barents Sea and a10ng tho North-\Vest Coast of Nor\'vay~ 'rrud;y
PINRO, Murmansk, 8: 271-279 (in·Russian).
hUKHINA, N.V. 19>33 (1980). ·Distribution andabundancc of oo.:1'ly
stages of eod and haddoel,: und deOp\·lo.tcr redfish in April-June
1980. Annls. bioI., Copenh., 37.
fiJUKlIINA, N. V., und E.A. DVlNINA. '''1986. Hesul ts of the ichthyoplankton
survey inthe Norwcgian und'Barcnts Seas in 1983. Annls bioI.,
Oopenh., 40.
MUKHINA, N.V. Results of Soviet iehthyop1ankton surveys conducted
in the Norwegian and Barents Seas. rl:rudy PlUHO, Nurmansk
(in press) (in Russian).
MUKHINA, N.V., A.I.HUKHlN, and E.A.DVIIHNA. 1987. Oceanoloe;ieal
eonditions and reproduction of Areto-Norweginn eod of tbe
Barents ,Sea in 1980-'1985. In: Proeeedings of thc 'l'hird Soviet-·
Norwegiun Symposium, PINRO, Hurrnansk, p.297-3 1 '\ (in l~ussio.n).
P0\1EH., D.J. 1985. Norphometrie differences betweon golden rodfish
(S. marinus) and beaked redfish (S. mentella) und S. fusciu:bus.
J.Northw.At1.:B'ish.Sei., 6("1): 1-7.
SOUOKIN, V.P. 1958. On biology of roproduetion of redfishes
(Sebastes marinus L. and Sebastes mcnto1la ~~ravin) in thc
Barcnts and Norwegian Seas. In: Trudy Soveschaniya po fizio1ogii ry~, Izvestiya AN SSSR~ 8: 158-17Ö (in Russian).
SOROKIN, V.P. 1960. On migrations of the 'redfish (Sebastes~montel­
la Travin) of the Bear Island-Spitsbergen stock. In: Soviet
Fisberies Investigations in North Europoan Seus. Hybnoc 1\:hozyaistvo, Moscow, p.285-298 (in Russian).
SOROKIN, V.P. 1961. The redfish gnmetogenesis and migrations of
the Sebastes marinus (L) and Bobastes mcntcl1a Tra~in.'
Rapp.P.-v.Reun.Cons.int.Explor.Mcr, 150: 2 4 5-250.
:,.-.';'.,:,,''';.-
.
21.
f[lANING, A. V. '1949. On the breeding places and abunct<,JUce of the
•
(
redfish (Sebastes) in the North Atlantic. J .Gons. int.Explor.1'1er,
16.
TANTSURA, A.I. 1959. About the currents of the Bnrents 8e3.. 'J:.1rudy
FINItO, r'1urrnansk, 11: 3::-::<3 (in Hussian).
TltAVIN, V.I. 1960. Biolor;y of redfish emd perspectives of thoir
fishery in seas of the North Atlantic. Trudy soveschaniya
ikhtiologicheskoi komissii AN SSSR, Moscow, 10: 125-130
(in Hussian).
VESCHEZEi{OV, V. V" 19 1+4. Sorne Naterials on the ."Biology and. Fisheries of Norway Haddock (Sebastes marinus) of the Barents Sea.
Trudy PINRO, Nurmansk, 8: 236-270 (in Russian).
VJIBOHG, K.F. 1959. The Ciistribution of redfish larv;:1e in Horwegian
coastal and offshore waters during the years '19 L}-8-5ß. C.lv'; .1959.
Hedfish Symposium NE-9.
ZAKHAROV, G.F. 1969. Ecology and Ii'isheries of Hedfish (S. r.mrinus
and S. ~entella fJ.'ravin) in the area of Icelnnc1 anel Greonlancl.
Moscow State University, Moscow, 25p. (in Russian).