1
2
3
Supporting Information
Table S1. SOCs measured in fish by two modes of ionization.
Electron Impact Ionization
Negative Chemical Ionization
Pesticides and degradation products:
o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDD,
o,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDE, Methoxychlor,
Acetochlor
Pesticides and degradation products:
Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) (α, β, γ, δ)
2
Chlordanes (cis, trans, oxy), Nonachlor (cis,
trans), Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide,
3
Endosulfans (I, II, and sulfate), Dieldrin,
Aldrin, Endrin, Endrin Aldehyde,
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), Dacthal,
Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos oxon, Trifluralin,
Metribuzin, Triallate, Mirex
1
PAHs :
Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene,
Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene,
Pyrene, Retene, Benz[a]anthracene,
Chrysene, Triphenylene,
Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene,
Benzo[e]pyrene, Benzo[a]pyrene,
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene,
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene, Benzo[ghi]perylene
Surrogates: d10-Fluorene, d10-Phenanthrene,
d10-Pyrene, d12-Triphenylene, d12Benzo[a]pyrene, d12-Benzo[ghi]perylene, d8p,p’-DDE, d8-p,p’-DDT, d6-Methyl Parathion,
Internal Standards: d10-Acenaphthene, d10Fluoranthene, d12-Benzo[k]fluoranthene
4
PCBs :
PCB 74, PCB 101, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB
153, PCB 183, and PCB 187
13
Surrogates: C12 PCB 101 (2,2’,4,5,5’13
Pentachlorobiphenyl), C12 PCB 180 (2,2’,
3,4,4’,5,5’-Heptachlorobiphenyl), d10 13
Chlorpyrifos, C6-HCB, d6-γ-HCH, d4Endosulfan I, d4-Endosulfan II
Internal Standards: d14-Trifluralin
4
5
ΣPAHs= Chrysene+ Triphenylene+ Fluorene+ Phenanthrene+ Anthracene+ Fluoranthene+ Pyrene+ Retene+
Benz[a]anthracene+ Benzo[b]fluoranthene+ Benzo[k]fluoranthene+ Benzo[e]pyrene+ Benzo[a]pyrene+ Indeno[1,2,3cd]pyrene+ Dibenz[a,h]anthracene+ Benzo[ghi]perylene
2
Σchlordanes= oxy-chlordane+ trans-chlordane+ cis-chlordane+ cis-nonachlor+ trans-nonachlor
3
Σendosulfans= endosulfan I+ endosulfan II+ endosulfan sulfate
4
ΣPCBs= PCBs 101+ 118+ 138+ 153+ 183+ 187
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Table S2: Number of fish exceeding subsistence fish consumption threshold established for human health.
Numerator indicates number of fish exceeding consumption limit and denominator indicates number of fish
analyzed. Shaded cells depict an exceedance. No fish exceeded the recreational fish consumption threshold.
DCPA, dacthal; CLPRY, chlorpyrifos; γ-HCH, gamma-hexachlorohexane; ENDO, endosulfans; DLDRN,
dieldrin; CLDN, chlordanes; HCB, hexachlorobenzene; ppDDE, p,p’-dichlorodiphenylethene
SOC
Park
Water Body
DCPA
CLPYR
γ-HCH
ENDO
DLDRN
CLDN
HCB
ppDDE
Tanada
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
6/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
Copper
0/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
6/6
0/6
0/6
0/6
Kijik
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
4 / 10
2 / 10
0 / 10
10 / 10
Kontrashibuna
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
6 / 10
1 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
Idavain
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
1 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
Brooks
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
7 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
4 / 10
Lassen Volcanic
Summit
0/8
0/8
0/8
0/8
1/8
0/8
0/8
0/8
Yosemite
Mildred
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
3 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
5 / 10
Bench
0 / 18
0 / 18
0 / 18
0 / 18
1 / 17
0 / 18
0 / 18
0 / 18
Kern Point
0 / 18
0 / 18
0 / 18
0 / 18
18 / 18
0 / 18
0 / 18
1 / 18
Dream
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
Haynach
0/3
0/3
0/3
0/3
3/3
0/3
0/3
0/3
Haiyaha
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
2/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
Lone Pine
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
Nanita
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
2/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
Spirit
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
2/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
Ypsilon
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
0/2
1/2
Sand Creek
0/8
0/8
0/8
0/8
4/8
0/8
0/8
0/8
Wrangell-St.
Elias
Lake Clark
Katmai
Sequoia & Kings
Canyon
Rocky Mountain
Great Sand
Dunes
2
Table S3: Number of fish exceeding kingfisher health thresholds. Numerator indicates number of fish
exceeding consumption limit and denominator indicates number of fish analyzed. Shaded cells depict
an exceedance. No fish exceeded the mink or river otter health thresholds. Park codes identified in
Table 1. DLDRN, dieldrin; CLDN, chlordanes; ppDDE, p,p’-dichlorodiphenylethene
SOC
Park
Water Body
DLDRN
CLDN
ppDDE
Tanada
0/6
0/6
0/6
Copper
0/6
0/6
0/6
Kijik
0 / 10
8 / 10
10 / 10
Kontrashibuna
0 / 10
2 / 10
0 / 10
Idavain
0 / 10
0 / 10
0 / 10
Brooks
0 / 10
7 / 10
2 / 10
Lassen Volcanic
Summit
0/8
0/8
0/8
Yosemite
Mildred
0 / 10
0 / 10
4 / 10
Bench
0 / 18
0 / 17
0 / 18
Kern Point
0 / 18
0 / 18
1 / 18
Dream
0/2
0/2
0/2
Haynach
0/3
1/3
0/3
Haiyaha
0/2
0/2
0/2
Lone Pine
0/2
0/2
0/2
Nanita
0/2
1/2
0/2
Spirit
0/2
0/2
0/2
Ypsilon
0/2
0/2
0/2
Sand Creek
0/8
0/8
0/8
Wrangell-St.
Elias
Lake Clark
Katmai
Sequoia & Kings
Canyon
Rocky Mountain
Great Sand
Dunes
3
Table S4: Sub-cooled Vapor pressure (Pa), Log KOW, and Log KOA at 25oC (KOAWIN 1.10, EPI Suite
v4.11EPA, 2012) for 12 pesticides frequently measured in fish.
Vapor Pressure,
o
Pa, 25 C
Log KOW,
o
25 C
Log KOA,
o
25 C
Dacthal
0.0064
4.24
8.29
Chlorpyrifos
0.004
4.66
8.43
γ-HCH
0.0244
4.26
9.02
Endosulfan I, II
0.0005
3.50
8.30
Endosulfan sulfate
0.0013
3.64
8.52
Dieldrin
0.0389
5.45
9.04
Chlordane
0.0084
6.26
7.97
Nonachlor
0.0022
6.44
9.44
HCB
0.226
5.86
7.57
p'p-DDE
0.0034
6.00
8.78
α-HCH
0.0244
4.26
9.02
Mirex
0.0018
7.01
8.37
Current-Use Pesticides
Historic-Use Pesticides
4
Figure S1. Mean SOC concentrations in fish (ng/g lipid), by national park, in the current
studyresearch (2006–2011). Those SOCs excluded from Figure 1 are displayed here. Bars represent
standard error. The number of fish, n, for each park is listed on the graph. ND, no detect; *, ND >
50% of lake fish
5
6
Figure S2. Concentrations of SOCs in fish (ng/g lipid) from current research (2006–2011) and
previous study (2003–2005). Top of bar indicates the mean concentration and the circles indicate
concentrations of individual fish. Black bars depict data from the current, post-WACAP study; white
bars depict previously published data from WACAP (Ackerman et al., 2008; Landers et al., 2010).
ND, no detect; *, ND > 50% of lake fish. Parks ordered by mountain rangeregion on the x-axis (L to
R: Alaskan, Cascades, Sierra Nevada, Rockies); park codes identified in Table 1.
7
Figure S2 (continued).
8
Figure S3. Concentrations of SOCs in fish (ng/g ww) compared to human health fish consumption
thresholds. Dashed lines represent the subsistence threshold; solid lines represent the recreational
threshold. Top of bar indicates the mean concentration and the circles indicate concentrations of
individual fish. Black bars depict data from the current study (2006–2011); white bars depict
previously published data (2003–2005) (Ackerman et al., 2008; Landers et al., 2010). ND, no detect;
*, ND > 50% of lake fish. Parks ordered by mountain rangeregion on the x-axis (L to R: Alaskan,
Cascades, Sierra Nevada, Rockies); park codes identified in Table 1.
9