WEB BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR TOURISM RESORTS;
A CASE STUDY FOR SIDE/ MANAVGAT
E. Duran a, *, D. Z. eker b , M. Shrestha c
a
Ark Proje Limited Co. Sehit Asim Cad. Selkan Apt. 2/3 Besiktas stanbul, Turkey - eduran@arkproje.com
ITU, Istanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey – seker@itu.edu.tr
c
River Basin Research Center, Gifu University 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu-city 501-1193, Japan - madhu@ina.janis.or.jp
b
KEY WORDS: GIS, Data Design, Internet, Web-based, Integration, User
ABSTRACT:
The internet is more and more emerging as a handy tool of traveling for the tourist industry. It presents a perfect platform that brings
products and services to the customer. However, web based tourist information system provides not only on-line brochures, but
provides both value and service. Information technology is having a big effect on all sectors of tourism. Tourists have problems to
find what they are looking for, especially in reference to the geographic position of the object and its surroundings. In most cases, it
is not satisfying to find a nice hotel without a reference to restaurants, sights or event locations located nearby. The study presented
in this paper starts from the user needs, to present the tourism object in geographic context on interactive tourist maps supports
planning for tourism, focusing on the analysis, decisions making and management using GIS technique and presenting the results on
the internet.
1. INTRODUCTION
Touristic activities on the coastal lines have accelerated and the
number of people participating has reached to more than 600
million a year. All over the world, getting maximum benefits
from coastal zones, according to the concept of sustainable
development is only possible by using management plans
suitable for the characteristics of the area. Partnerships are
becoming a very common; effective fast decision-making is
possible using a geographic information system. During the last
few years, the numbers of tourist sites / organizations that are
using a Geographical Information System (GIS) have increased
significantly. There are now many companies that are producing
software and support specific to this industry. The tourist
industry is now using GIS in many applications: interactive
web-based maps, information kiosks, 3D hiking trail maps,
analysis of current and potential customers, line of site analysis
for new attractions and scenic bus routes, and much more. This
only seems to be the tip of the iceberg for what the future holds
in GIS technologies being implemented in the tourism industry.
2. CURRENT USES OF GIS IN THE TOURISM
INDUSTRY
There are two categories for the use of a GIS system in tourism,
public use and management use. The public wants to find
geographic information about a place before they go there.
They want to know where things are located, what amenities are
available, what the climate is like, and be able to do site specific
searches to find information. This can be achieved through
Web-based GIS, or Information Kiosks located in key tourist
areas. The other user of the GIS is the Management side;
management may be done by individual operators, a tourism
group, or by the local municipality. Management users want to
query the system for where customers are coming from, their
socio-economic backgrounds, and good potential locations for
* Corresponding author.
new tourist sites etc. One of the articles contains a list of
general questions that public and management users may ask of
a GIS system.
2.1 Study Area
As seen in figure 1, in this study Side at the Mediterranean
coast of Turkey has been selected as study area. This area is one
of the most popular and important tourism areas of Turkey.
With its modern tourist facilities, Side is nowadays one of the
liveliest towns on Turkey’s southern coast. The region situated
between the "lake" and the sea contains many facilities.
Titreyen Gol is not in reality an actual lake According to
Strabo, during the second half of the VII century B.C., Greek
colonists from an Ionian city settled there. The area is excellent
for mountain biking, trekking and cliff parachuting. Obtained
results not only show that the problems still existing in the
study area can be determined easily and systematically using by
exposed GIS but also proved that GIS can be applied to these
kinds of studies.
There are lots of historical monuments and natural resorts in
this area. Photographs of several historical and natural examples
also can be seen in the figure 2. There are also several holiday
resorts lie around this town. East of Side, tucked in pine forests
the holiday resorts of Sorgun, Titreyen Gol (Blue Flag) and
Kizilagac are both popular for their sandy beaches and
sparkling sea. The atmosphere is relaxed, the accommodation
plentiful and the activities endless. West of Side, the holiday
centers of Kumkoy, Colakli and Kamelya also offer sun and sea,
in close proximity to ancient sites. In the Pamphlyian Seleucia,
15km northeast of Side, are the remains (in good condition) of
Roman baths, temples, churches, a mausoleum, theatre and
agora (Seker, 2002)
Public User Questions
Where is the city, state
or country located?
What is the climate?
Does it have warm or
cold weather? What is
the best time of year to
visit?
What is the official
language
Where
are
the
accommodations in the
city located? What is
their
classification?
What are their rates?
What kinds of public
transportation
are
available? Where are
rental
car
agencies
located?
Where
are
the
cultural/natural
amenities located? What
is
their
operation
schedule? What is the
cost to attend?
What attractive places
are near my hotel?
Where are the banks?
Where is the police
station? Where is the
hospital?
Where are the shopping
centers?
Management
User Questions
What are the areas that tourists
are interested in
What are the physicalgeographic characteristics of
those areas?
touristic information system has been developed with the using
of developing web technologies.
What are the accommodations
available?
What is their
classification
and
categorization?
Where are the stops/stations of
public transport facilities
located
Figure 1. Study Area
What are the demographic and
socio-economic characteristics
of the local population of each
tourist space?
What
are
some
plans,
programs and projects that
would help stimulate tourist
activity.
What infrastructure services
are in current and potential
tourist areas? Which is the
service quality?
What is the tourist demand for
attractive
places,
tourist
equipment, and services?
What public and private
institutions are available those
are competent in tourism
planning?
Table 1. Public and Management User’s Questions
3. WEB-BASED GIS
Figure 2. Views from some natural and historical resorts
3.1 Phases of Study
In the first step, collect all natural, cultural and socioeconomic
data concerning the study are to form a database. Second, data
that regarding to study area are transfer into PC by scanner and
digitizers and these data related with the database which is
formed in the first step to constitute a skeleton of a tourism
information system.
Third, obtain photos of the historical and cultural building,
open areas and hotels to connect with the graphical data in the
tourism information system. Fourth, prepare a software; which
is devoted to the tourists query and a software that supply to
tourist which uses tourism information system the easiest and
the fastest by icons and signs.
Fifth, in this step of the study use required software to transform
the tourism information system, which is formed with all
literary, visual, graphical data, into a system can supply a query
on internet. Sixth, to set up this system by relating the
software-hardware and client-server.
With the World Wide Web, people have access to more tourism
information than ever before. However, too much information
from too many sources has caused an information overload.
Accessing information on the Internet has become less a
question of determining whether the information is out there,
but rather, in what form, and how to find it.
Hardware contains; server, PC, digitizer, scanner, digital
camera. Software contains; ArcView to join the data in the
geographic information system, ArcView IMS (Internet Map
Server) to broadcast the data on the internet.
The use of GIS and the Internet has changed the way
organizations used geographic information, the processes of
accessing, sharing disseminating and analysing data. Online
GIS combines the advantage of both GIS and the internet. GIS
has become more than an program since GIS is a visual and
analytical tool and helps users to understand or visualize this
information in a map and enables the users to manage these
information interactively and analytically. The contributes to
increase the use of GIS. Therefore, a web-based GIS can be
built as a decision-making system in tourism. A web based
The integration of multiple technologies, including tourism
information systems, Internet and Geographic Information
System (GIS) has given an exciting new access to tourism
information. As an information based society, tourists value
systems and services that inform them about the location of
touristic objects like hotels, restaurants, theatres, museums,
skiing resorts, etc. This helps the tourist to find the most
relevant accommodation or to locate the position of a specific
tourist place. The existing tourism information systems do not
reflect this requirement. For example, it is possible to search for
3.2 Geographic Query
hotels in a city. This might be sufficient for small cities, but of
course it will no deliver satisfying results for bigger cities, a
more detailed location specification is needed.
A geographic search lets the tourist quickly search the database
using geographic criteria. In the Tourism Information System of
Side, a geographic search is a mixed query which combines
tourism attributes and geographic criteria to search for “What is
where?”. Here “What”: represents attributes of touristic objects
“Where”: represents the geographic space that the touristic
place covered.
Some spatial analysis operations are needed to provide easy
search operations to a tourist. These operations are geographic
criterions like; nearness, distance and region. Nearness means;
to search for nearest touristic object to given point. Distance is
to find elements located within a specified distance to a given
point. Region means; to search for objects located within a
region marked on a map. A geographic search can be
categorized into three different search types:
Type 1
Location
of
specific object
Nearest object
to a specific
object
All
objects
which don’t
exceed
a
definite distance
to
a specific object
Examples
Show where the “Club Yek” is located
Show the location of the “Perissa” hotel
Which is the nearest hotel to “
Aspendos”
Which sight has the smallest distance to
the “Bella” hotel
Which is the nearest bus station to the
“Penguen” hotel
Which pharmacy is located next to the
“Side museum”
Show all hotels which are located
within a distance of 500 meter to the
“Antik Theatre”
Show all exchange office with in a
distance of a 500 m to the “Asterya”
hotel
Table 2. The Object Based Search, Which Enables The Search
To Certain Tourist Objects.
Type 2
Search for objects in a
city, region, etc.
Search for objects in a
marked circle region
Examples
Build a map with all hotels in “Side”
Show all theatres in “Side”
Show all hotels in the marked region
Show all sights which are located in
the marked region
Objects search within
a distance to a desired
location
Show all hotels which are located
within a distance of 1 km to the point
marked on the map
Show all tourist information offices
within a distance of 500 m to selected
location
Table 3. Area Based Search, The Area Which Allows The
Search For Objects In Geographic Relation
Type3
Examples
Combination
of
object search
And area based
search
Build a map with all 3-star hotels in the
selected region
Build
a map with all 3-star hotels
within a distance of 500 m to the
selected location
Table 4. The Combination Of First Second Search Approach,
Enlarged With Additional Objects Criteria Like Hotel Category
And Availability.
3.3. Geographic Query Work Flow
The touristic information system including building road,
touristic places, historical places, photos of hotels and the
situation of these points for instance; the distance between hotel
and the center of city or airport, the capacity of hotels, the
number of stars of hotels, was collected from the maps and nongraphic data from municipality and internet.
To perform a geographic search for tourism objects, each
tourism object needs a geographic representation. The
geographic coordinates of tourism objects are stored in the GIS
database.
Figure 3. Geographic Query
This figure summarizes the workflow of the geographic query.
The user performs a request, which is transmitted to the
integrated GIS system. The GIS system queries the spatial
database to get the map data and to create a list of tourism
objects which are located in the queried area and fulfil the
criteria. Each object returned will be completed with tourism
data like object name, category of hotel, availability of hotel
rooms, etc. Afterwards the transformation module converts the
characteristics into the required representation.
The
transformation and integration module integrates the GIS data
with the tourism data, identifies the layers, and defines the
representation of the touristic objects (Mahajan, 2001).
3.4 Integrated GIS
When analysing the benefits of the GIS integration with
internet, two different roles arise in the context of the user.
Administration- To position objects onto a map, ApplicationTo search for tourist objects The following figure shows the
interaction of the user roles and the integrated GIS system.
representations allowing the presentation of the most extensive
information possible thus satisfying the demands of the users.
When people serve and publish data on the Internet, other
people can access and browse these data simultaneously.
Because of this, GIS on the Web is an in expensive method for
reaching a vast audience. Both offers the tourist more exact and
more meaningful information to meet their quality claims
(Cabuk).
5. REFERENCES
Cabuk, A., and Karakov, R., Geographical Information System
and Web-based Tourism Information System, Institues of
Research Data Processing Technology, Gebze-Kocaeli.
Figure 4. Interaction of User Roles and Integrated GIS System.
Administration- to position tourist objects (hotels, restaurants,
sights, event location or other touristic objects) onto map. To
integrate tourist information and GIS data, the location of each
tourist object, to be integrated on to map has to be identified by
geographic coordinate. All user can identify the object location
of their objects by selecting the objects position on the map.
After positioning the object, the geographical coordinates will
be calculated by the GIS system and will be stored in the GIS
database. At map creation the object will be represented on the
map by means of a meaningful object symbol, the object name,
the category if the object is an hotel. The object symbols are
linked with the object homepages to enable further navigation.
Application-to search for tourist objects. On a functional view,
the application uses a geographic search to perform complex
geographic queries to search for tourist objects like hotels,
restaurants, event location, etc. A thematic mapper is used to
integrate tourism information and GIS data build tourist maps.
A hotel search can be a time-based search and extends the map
with availability information of rooms. To guarantee a sensible
use, the user will have the possibility to zoom in 7 out to change
the scale of the map, to scroll in the map and to print as well
(Pühretmair, 2000).
4. CONCLUSION
Designing and marketing a geoinformation product requires an
approach, which does not start from data collection methods but
from he user’s need: the geoinformation product must provide
an information useful and valuable to the user. Content,
appropriate data quality and presentation must meet the user’s
expectations. Most tourism information system still has
backlogs in using new visualization capabilities. The approach
described in this paper represents a new approach to integrate
GIS data and tourism data on Web is implemented so many
people can share the data. Dynamically generated, interactive
tourist maps offer a variety of trend-setting functionalities like
integration of vector shapes, images and text, high performance
zooming and panning inside of graphics without reloading data,
support of scripting languages in combination with the
possibility of all related technologies. Tourist maps in
information system offer a powerful, clear and user-friendly
access to tourism data with great benefits for tourists and
substantial advantages for tourism information systems because
maps change from static raster graphics to interactive graphical
F. Pühretmair, P. Lang, AM. Tjoa, R.R. Wogner, XML-based
Integration Of Tourism And GIS Data For HTML And Wap
Clients, Institute For Appied Knowledge Processing,
Hauptstaβe 99, A-4232 Habenberg, Austria.
K. B., Mahajan, B. V., Pawar, A Web-Based Tourist
Information System, Maharashtra University, Jalgaon.
Pulusani, P., Internet GIS, Executive Vice President, Intergraph
Corporation, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Seker, D. Z., Kabdasli, S., Mercan, D. E. and Kabdasli, I.,
Management Of Tourism Activities On Coastal Areas By
Means Of GIS Technique, stanbul Technical University,
stanbul, Turkey.
Acknowledgements
Authors would like to thank to the Chamber of Surveyors
(TMMOB-HKMO) for their financial support of this study to be
presented in the ISPRS 2004 Congress.