1971
ANNUAL REPORT
of
HOP AND MINT INVESTIGATIONS
(Work Reporting Unit 10670
OAES Projects 36 and 120)
1971 ANNUAL REPORT OF HOP AND MINT INVESTIGATIONS
BREEDING, GENETICS, CHEMISTRY, PATHOLOGY
AND CULTURE OF HOPS AND MINT
CWork Reporting Unit 10670
OAES Projects 36 and 120)
by
C. E. Horner, Alfred Haunold, S. T. Likens
and D. D. Roberts
U. S. Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service
Western Region
Corvallis, Oregon
in cooperation with
The U. S.
Brewers Association
and the Agricultural Experiment Stations
of California, Idaho, Oregon and Washington
Results of research reported
herein are preliminary,
subject to verification, and
-are not for publication.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HOP INVESTIGATIONS
BREEDING AND GENETICS
Exchange of Germplasm
10
Accession Numbers Assigned in 1971
10
Accession Numbers Eliminated in 1971
Crosses Made in 1971
10
10
Advanced Observation Nursery
19
1969 Nursery
1970 Nursery
Commercial Variety Block
Named Variety Block
20
31
34
34
HOP GENETICS
Tetraploid Nursery
Female Triploid Selections
Male Triploids
34
36
36
Trisomies
36
COMMERCIAL EVALUATION
Cascade - A New Hop Variety
39
Selection 62013
Selection 21001
41
41
USBA Evaluation of 1971 Hop Samples
Characteristics of Triploid Selections Evaluated by USBA ...
42
46
HOP PATHOLOGY
Hop Downy Mildew
53
Verticillium Wilt
60
APPENDIX I
66
APPENDIX II
•
89
MINT INVESTIGATIONS
Introduction
95
New Peppermint Variety Released
95
World Mentha Collection Obtained
100
Spearmint Rust Control
104
1
INTRODUCTION
C. E. Horner
General Information
at Cor^ams^OrZf ReP?rJt °fJH°P md Mint '"""Igations with headquarters
reported undergone of f^E?^* ««£ 1 eed^X^ttcT
n™;Saa i „VsalrfL";
d°S near
aemlSr'
ALcSSI onandMint
investigations
is included
the endandof*f
the «»«•»'•
report. Discussions
ummanes are presented when appropriate. Detailed noteIS observes
record!
"^
'" °f Sufficient importance to be made amatter of
private^ran'ts51111^^:'
*"PriVate
^ ^^
iS SUpP°rted
*theboth
Public
fu^s and
AssnHstKT
i
J
granting
agency
is
U.
S.
Brewers
Association. Aseparate report is made annually to that agency Coooerative
research is carried out by the Plant Science Research Division ARS^Sm
in cooperation with the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Statio^anT^he V S
Brewers Association through Memorandum of Understanding. In addition some'
phases of the Federal regional breeding program are cooperative with the
Agricultural Experiment Stations of California, Idaho id Washington This
report does not include work done at any of the cooperating Stations"that
by0";0
LfrmT inCO°peration.of
^^the P-sonnel.
^aHorklone
pL k' 7°
^ Zimmermann
cooperation with
Irrigated Agriculture
Research and Extension Center of Washington State University^ at Preiser
Washington is presented in a separate report prepared by Mr* Zimmerman^
th»
lt&f£period
°fH7was
andasMint
Investigations at Corvallis, Oregon, """ng
during
the Z^
reporting
follows:
Mrs. Gayle Blair, Secretary, OSU
Dr.
Dr.
Mr.
Mr.
Dr.
Alfred Haunold, Research Geneticist, USDA
C. E. Horner, Investigations Leader, USDA
Lynn Jewell, Farm Laborer, OSU to October, 1971.
S. T. Likens, Research Chemist, USDA
Hassan Melouk, Research Associate, OSU
Miss Gail Nickerson, Chemist, OSU
Mr. Verlin Perkins, Technician, USDA to December 31 1971
and Experimental Aide, OSU since January, 1972
Mr. Donald Roberts, Agronomist, USDA
Mr. Brian Smart, Farm Laborer, OSU since April, 1971
Publications
Papers published by project personnel during the reporting period
were as follows:
5 v
1. Haunold, Alfred, 1971. Cytology, sex expression, and growth of a
tetraploid x diploid cross in hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Crop Science
2. Haunold, Alfred, S. T. Likens, and C. E. Horner.
Fuggle T autotetraploid hop germplasm.
1971. Registration of
Crop Science 11: 945.
3. Haunold, Alfred. 1972. Polyploid breeding with hop, Humulus lupulus L.
Technical Quarterly, Master Brewers Assoc, of America"
VoT~ 9 No—l
p. 36-40.
'
'
'
4. Horner, C. E. 1971. Rhizome and stem rot of peppermint caused by Phoma
strasseri.
Plant Disease Reporter 55: 814-816.
5. Horner, C. E. 1971. Control of mint diseases, 1970 progress report.
Proceedings, Oregon Essential Oil Growers League, 22nd Annual Meeting
p. 4-11.
6'
6. Horner, C. E., and S. T. Likens.
States.
1971. Hop improvement in the United
Wallerstein Laboratories Communications 34: 35-41.
7. Likens, S. T., and G. B. Nickerson. 1971. Implications of endogenous
antioxidant activity in the lupulin glands of hops. Proc. Annual
Meeting, American Society of Brewing Chemists, p. 295-299.
8. Nickerson, G. B., and S. T. Likens. 1971. Gas-liquid chromatographic
determination of the cofractions of a-acids and 6-acids in male and
female hops by direct pyrolysis of lupulin. Proc. Annual Meeting,
American Society of Brewing Chemists, p. 288-294.
Meetings, Conferences, and Correspondence
Meetings (period March 1, 1971 to February 28, 1972)
March 12, 1971 - Oregon Hop Commission, Salem, Or.
given by Haunold and Horner.
Research reports
p
March 25, 1971 - Civil Rights Seminar for all ARS personnel at
Corvallis, Or., conducted by C. E. Horner, Contact Officer.
May 2-6, 1971 - S. T. Likens attended American Society of Brewing
Chemists Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada. STL presented technical papers
and presided over Hop Analysis Committee meetings.
aDC ,«, rMuX ^'u1971 " H°mer attended conference with Dr. R. Teranishi,
ARS WMN Lab Albany, Ca. (conference at Corvallis) concerning mint oil
quality. WMN has been asked by the Washington Mint Commission to undertake
work on mint oil flavor in relation to ratio of chemical components in the oil.
fminwin ^
4i ^P "MeetinS at Mt- A"^1' Or. with Oregon Hop Commission,
following tour of
off-station experimental plantings by Haunold, Horner, Roberts
in Ca1dwell™d2L"si«e1d7ihe"
'SZVJ'^^
"e?tlngup °fcertification
Idah° Mint Commission
for
mint rootstoSs
Commission m setting
standards
identification"
of VerM;i;nrau:ri,indoUft:?„tasff:rdfiteriadn1"8
^^of*°Tthethe
Oregon
State Department
of Agriculture.
inspectors
U. S. BreweArfUAstsociation9Hoo"Rer°1HdVRObertS """ Horn« «"""" the
Budgetsof advanced
fo"lC;
7,ofyear":
Se'lra^t'd8
^ an'°1?''
"^
plan
testina
I T:tn
tentatively
adopted and
integrated
meeting a fSld tour sponsored h^rf "u^r "** ProPosed- Following the
Plots
of USDA selections 560 3 620^3 Idaho JnS ?ommission, was attended. Plo
varieties were vilitl*
n I ' Idah°-40' Hallertau, Tettnang and other
u, ui tu, clusters and Tettnang) were being evaluated.
August 24, 1971 - A conference of the hop research staff with
representatives of the Chas
Pfi7«-r r„
I 7_.
P researcn starf with
-« i_, ^guj^iet^^r —-e so'rT *
:rf„rn £^4's -y^ y^ssw-assis.s
of the Mas?eCr°Brer„er;2AssocIationrofAA "^^ ,?"ded *« a"nual —«»«
-—^ -it^I^ronti^oT^Tretd-r^oCioidX
Hop
Commis^t«^„g1L71s;iran°Jddi^u:;erdaredieR*:rotf
ullTt^f'^ S"«"
agreements
covering the amount and distr"u?ion of piantinfstock
Portland, oTTre'sen't J£V "" """"^ H°P R"earCh <*«»" "« Dr. L. Allison, IAREC, Prosser, Wa.
Dr. R. Berry, Entomologist, OSU
Dr. W. Cone, Entomologist, WSU
Dr. A. Haunold, Geneticist, ARS, Corvallis
Dr. C. Horner, Plant Pathologist, ARS, Corvallis
Mr. S. Likens, Chemist, ARS, Corvallis
Dr. R Molyneux, Chemist, ARS, WMN, Albany, Ca
Miss G. Nickerson, Chemist, OSU
Mr. D. Roberts, Agronomist, ARS, Corvallis
Dr. E. Segel, Technical Director, USBA
Dr. C. Skotland, Plant Pathologist, WSU
The
entire regilVhop^e^ef^ts^^Tr^ ^A^.TZr
"'
dinated plans were developed for 1972 research.
discussed. Coor-
January 6-7, 1972 - Horner attended the annual meeting of the
Oregon Essential Oil Growers League at Corvallis and presented a talk on
mint disease control, and the new mint variety Todd's Mitcham, released
January 6, 1972.
January 24-25, 1972 - Horner attended the Hop Growers of America
annual meeting in Reno, Nevada and presented a talk on the new USDA hop
variety Cascade, released January 3, 1972.
February 8-10, 1972 - The hop research staff attended the annual
research and budget review conference of the USBA Hop Research Committee in
Albany (WMN), Ca. Programs, results and plans were presented and discussed.
Reception of our work and relations with USBA appeared to be very good.
Visitors
April 29, 1971 - Drs. Kubo and Kokubo, plant physiologist and chemist,
respectively, with Kirin Brewing Company, Japan, visited with the hop
research staff.
Dr. Kubo has worked extensively on the effect of supple
mental light on hops.
Dr. Kokubo has done extensive work on the effect of
hops on beer flavor.
May 23-26, 1971 - Dr. S. N. Brooks, Acting Chief, OICB, visited both
Corvallis and Prosser.
August 4, 1971 - Mr. John Lamerick, Agronomist from New Zealand visited
with Horner about mint production in N.Z.
August 30-31, 1971 - Dr. R. Palamand, Flavor Chemist, Anheuser-Busch
Brewing Co. visited the staff to get acquainted with hops production.
December 26-29, 1971 - Dr. R. Bobes, Agronomist from Romania visited
with the hop staff. Romania plans to increase hop production.
January 4, 1972 - Mr. Robert Hughes, Technical Director, A. M. Todd Co.
visited with Horner about mint research.
Correspondence
Hop and Mint Investigations originated 500 letters and memos during
the reporting period.
Requests for Seed or Plants
Requests for seed or plants continue to be received at a rapid rate.
Most of these requests can be traced to the published relationship between
hops and marijuana referred to in the 1970 Annual Report, page 5. During the
1971-72 reporting period, approximately 65 requests were received for seed
or planting stock. Most of these requests specifically stated that the
Polyploid variety Bullion or Brewers Gold was desired.
Most of these requests
are being answered approximately as follows:
"Your letter requesting hop seed is acknowledged. Commercial hops are
grown seedless, and we know of no commercial source of hop seeds or planting
stock. Also, some persons are attempting to graft hop shoots onto marijuana
rootstock to conceal the identity of the marijuana plant. Therefore, it is
our policy to provide such material only to persons engaged in the commercial
production of hops, or in plant science or agricultural research. We would
also want to know the purpose(s) for which the hop plants are intended. I am
sorry that we cannot fulfill your request, but I believe you will understand."
A
file of all requests for hop seed or planting stock is being kept.
Production and Marketing
According to USDA Statistical Reporting Service, U. S. production of hops
in 1971 was 49.7 million pounds, up 8% above 1970. Acreage harvested was
28,900, up approximately 1,000 acres from 1970. Acreage and yield were up
in all four hop producing states.
Washington hop growers, who produce about 66% of the U. S. crop, produced
32.7 million pounds in 1971. The 1971 Oregon crop was 8,6 7 0,000 pounds, an
increase of 21% over 1970.
The yield per acre was slightly over 1,700 pounds,
a new record, exceeding last year's yield of 1,670 pounds which was also a
record.
The value of the entire 1971 U. S. hop crop was $32,416,000, up about
25% from 1970.
The actual quantity of hops available for market is regulared under
Federal Market Order 991. The U. S. Hop Administrative Committee set the
saleable quota at 82% of base allotment for 1971. Statistical data on
acreage, yield, production and price are given in Table 1.
Table 2 shows U. S. Hop Administrative Committee figures for acreage,
yeild, and production, and is included because it shows the breakdown of var
ieties by states. Figures in Table 2 do not exactly match those in Table 1
because of rounding off of figures used in Table 1. Table 2 represents actual
counted and weighed amounts, as obtained by the U. S. Hop Administrative
Committee.
Table 3 shows production figures for liurope as gathered by the U. S. Hop
Administrative Committee.
Mint oil production for the U. S. for 1971 was 5,482,000 pounds, down 22%
from 1970, according to the USDA Statistical Reporting Service. Peppermint
oil production was down 26%, while spearmint was down 15% from last year. The
peppermint price per pound was about $3.97, up slightly from 1970, but spear
mint oil price at $4 per pound was about 60<f per pound below 1970.
The farm gate value for mint oil production in 1971 was $21,449,000.
This was a decrease of about $5,000,000 from 1970 value (Table 4).
Table 1. HOPS: Acreage, yield, product!on-season average price received by growers and valueannual 1969, 1970, and 1971 1/
State
Acreage harvested Yield per acre
1969 1970 1971 1969 1970 1971
-(000) acres-
Idaho
3.2 3.3
^HdT-
Production
Price/lb.
1969^/ l97<& 197l3/ §£ 19?0
-(000) pounds-
3.4 1,860 1,540 1,690 5,952 5,082
IRtT
Value
1970
1971
-cents- -(000) dollars-
5,746 113 58.0 67.0
2,948
3,850
Washington 18.1 18.7 18.9 1,560 1,680 1,730 28,236 31,416 32,697 104 55.0 64.0 17,279 20^926
OREGON
4.2 4.3 5.1 1,250 1,670 1,700 5,250 7,181 8,670 121 58.0 69.0 4,165 5,982
California 1.5 1.4 1.5 1,550 1,560 1,700 2,325 2,184 2,550 117 59.0 65.0 1,289 1,658
United
States
V
27.0 27.7 28.9 1,547 1,656 1,718 41,763 45,863 49,663 108 56.0 65.3 25,681 32,416
From Oregon Crops and Livestock Reporting Service, Annual Summary, 1971.
J Harvested production. Includes hops placed under Federal Market Order 991.
^ ^rafSarkel^de?^!!'165 aVaUable f°P ""^ ^ ^ *°Ve™ed b^ "Ration issued undo,
*
Table 2. Hops, acreage, yield, and production as obtained by U. S. Hop Administrative Committee.
Acreage
Yield per Acre (lbs.)
1970
1971 J
1969
197°
1971
1972 (Est.) 1969
Fuggles
2,099
2,029
2,756
2,790
847
1,256
English
Others y
1,670
452
1,773
496
1,806
491
1,887
523
1,668
1,469
2,225
1,310
1,560
1,860
1,550
1,547
1,680
1,540
1,560
1,656
1,730
1,690
1,700
1,718
Product. (1,000 lbs.)
1969
1970
1971
1,391
1,777
2,549
3,834
2,225
1,615
2,785
664
3 947
658
4 019
*793
Oregon
Sub-Tot.-7
Washington
Idaho
California
Total.
4,200
4,300
5^00
57200
18,100
3,200
1,500
27,000
18,700
3,300
1,400
27,700
18,900
3,400
1,500
28,900
19,375
3,800
1,540
29,915
T^SO 17670 T^TOO
5^50
T^T
8^
28,236
5,952
2,325
41,763
31,416
5,082
2,184
45,863
32,697
5,746
2,550
49,663
-I The sum of individual items do not agree with totals because of rounding to nearest 100 acres.
2/
USDA rounds state acreages to nearest 100 acres, rounds yields to nearest 10 lbs. per acre and
production figures are based on state average bale weights for that portion of crop not
weighed at time final production figures are released. HAC final yield figures based on
actual harvested acreage with no rounding and final production based on weight sheets are:
Calif. 1742.8 lbs. per acre; Wash. 1740.4 lbs.; Ore. 1721.4 lbs.; Idaho 1675.7 lbs., and fourstate average of 1729.5 lbs. per acre.
Table 3.
World hop production, 1971.
Acreage
Europe § U. S.
Belgium
Bulgaria
1971
2,743
2,965
2,817
2,965
21,584
Czech.
21,584
W. Germany
England
Spain
34,774 ±/
France
Yugoslav.
Poland
U. S.
I.
H.
A.
C.
Total
E. Germany
Sub-total
U. S. S.
Romania
Hungary
TOTAL
y
R.
Yield per Acre (lbs.)
1970
1,426
1,633
446
438
815
1,723
58,943
26,508
3,258
4,461
12,099
5,357
45,863
1,440
1,306
184,803
174,200
1,195
965
6,193
5,000
1,428
1,294
190,996
179,200
1,069
17,213
3,067
2,879
9,395
5,975
27,700
896
730
1,656
128,295
133,347
5,182
5,182
138,529
31,233
1,977
1,112
167,799
3,913
1,323
4,600
1,300
17,600
55,000
25,100
2,200
3,700
10,300
4,600
49,800
37,987
17,376
3,489
2,595
9,333
6,301
28,900
133,477
Production (1,000 lbs.)
1,695 1/
1,540
1,062
1,549
1,288
1,448
1,444
630
1,426
1,104
23,078
N.A.
N.A.
600
N.A.
607
N.A.
N.A.
18,739
1,200
15,400
1,200
642
N.A.
714
N.A.
1,259
N.A.
211,649
195,800
N.A.
2/
«p£ead for^stlS InwfZ acr" V""' *>.•«*»"•<' 3.2<>° unreported acres in 1970 were
2/
acres t^Jull^Z^Z acccX^
P°te"tlal SUbSi"ieS ""'" ^^ %° ^^ 197°
-' Final - based on HAC records.
SOURCE:
Reports submitted by Member Countries at Exec. Committee Meeting of International Hod
from
uT?
^l^lReport",
3°' 19?1'FAS,eXCGpt
Paction figurL wh ch are ?
rrom "World
World Hop
Production
USDA, f°r
Nov.1971
1971.
Table 4. ^t^for Oil: Acreage^ yield, production, season average price received by growers, and value;
Seasonal
group §
Planted acreage
1970
1971
Harvested acreage
1970
1971
Yld per acre
1970
1971
Production
1970
1971
Price per pound
-1,000 pounds-
-dollars-
1970
1971
State
-acres-
-acres-
-pounds-
Value
1970
1971
-1,000 dollars-
Peppermint
•
Indiana
8,300
6,800
8,300
6,800
38
40
315
272
4.50
4.50
1,418
1,224
Michigan
1,500
1,200
1,300
1,100
37
27
48
30
4.25
4.20
204
126
Wisconsin
8,400
7,600
8,200
7,400
54
40
443
296
4.50
4.30
1,994
1,273
6,000
5,100
6,000
5,100
68
58
408
296
3.15
3.80
1,285
1,125
Washington
15,800
10,100
15,800
10,100
74
68
1,169
687
3.80
3.67
4,442
2,521
OREGON
38,200
34,000
38,000
33,500
68
63
2,584
2,111
3.45
3.80
8,915
8,022
78,200
64,800
77,600
64,000
64
58
4,967
3,692
3.68
3.87
18,258
14,291
Indiana
7,000
7,000
7,000
7,000
47
40
329
280
5.50
4.50
1,810
1,260
Michigan
5,700
5,300
5,200
5,000
38
30
198
150
5.40
4.60
1,069
690
2,100
2,200
2,000
2,100
59
53
118
111
4.50
4.00
531
444
2,900
3,000
2,900
3,000
65
62
189
186
4.75
4.75
898
884
14,900
12,500
14,900
12,500
85
85
1,267
1,063
4.30
3.65
5,448
3,880
32,600
30,000
32,000
29,600
66
60
2,101
1,790
4.64
4.00
9,756
7,158
Idaho
<£>
Total or
Average
Spearmint
Wisconsin
Idaho
Washington
Total or
Average
10
BREEDING AND GENETICS (Alfred Haunold and Donald D. Roberts)
Exchange of Gennplasm
Table 1 shows gennplasm distributed upon request to various parts of the
world and Table 2 shows gennplasm received during this reporting period.
Accession Numbers Assigned in 1971
Ten selections and foreign introductions received permanent accession
numbers m 1971 (Table 3). The variety "Golden Star" (21039) is an introduc
tion from Japan. It was originally selected as a bud sport from the variety
Shinshuwase and reportedly is superior to Shinshuwase in several agronomic
traits such as yield, disease resistance, and pickability, in addition to
having satisfactory brewing characteristics. Its alpha and beta acid and
alpha/beta ratio are nearly identical to Shinshuwase. In 1970 in a green
house soil bed at Corvallis, Golden Star exhibited severe symptoms of Prunus
necrotic ringspot virus. These symptoms were not evident the following year
when Golden Star was grown in the field and the variety has now been included
in our Named Variety Block.
Two introductions came from England, namely 21043, Wye Challenger, and
21044, Wye Northdown.
They were grown in the greenhouse and will be included
in our Named Variety Collection in the future.
Only four of the more than 10
introductions from Russia survived the greenhouse testing (21045, 21046, 21047,
21048).
They will be transferred to the field and evaluated in a two-hill
observation nursery in 1972.
Three advanced triploid selections from our polyploid program that are
under consideration for brewing trials received accession numbers (21040,
21041, 21042). They have had a good yield record for three years and carry
resistance to downy mildew.
There is still some question about their resis
tance to Verticillium wilt, but tests in Verticillium-infested soil thus far
have been inconclusive.
Accession Numbers Eliminated in 1971
A number of selections with permanent accession numbers were eliminated
from our program in 1971, primarily on the basis of severe virus infection
and a poor yield record. These are listed in Table 4 for anyone who wants to
bring his accession number book up-to-date.
Crosses Made in 1971
Thirty-five crosses and open pollinated seed collections were made in
1971 (Table 5). Two were crosses between tetraploid Fuggle and selected
males (Cr. 7101 and 7102) in order to obtain early maturing triploids. Cross
7101 was germinated in January 1972 and seedlings transferred to the 1971
field nursery in early spring 1972 without downy mildew testing. Seedlings
from cross 7102 will be grown in the greenhouse in 1972 without downy mildew
testing.
Crosses 7103 to 7114 are intended for a study of inheritance of maturity.
Table 1.
Hop germ plasm distributed in 1971.
Recipient and Address
C. E.
Zimmermann
Date
March 1971
B. Skotland
62013 - 8,000
off-station test (Pfizer
off-station test (Roy)
March 1971
62013 - 2,000
propagation
Oct. 1971
62013 - 2,050
off-station testing
March 1971
62013 -
off-station testing
Prosser, Wa.
Annen Bros.
Mt. Angel, Or.
Charles Lathrop
Reason
62013 - 2,000
Prosser, Wa.
C.
Variety § Amount
700
Grants Pass, Or.
Yakima Chief)
Oregon Hop Commission
(Bob Stauffer)
March 1971
Mrs.
March 1971
Bullion
graft to Cannabis and other tests
April 1971
6 rhizomes 58004
request for germ plasm
Passi Jones
Brewers Gold - 2,000
Georgia State Crime
Lab., Atlanta
Prof. Nawrocki
Propagation for OHC
56013 - 2,000
Pulway, Poland
(Wild Am. from Utah) &
10 - Yakima Cluster
Tone Wagner
April 1971
Zalec, Yugoslavia
4-5 rhizomes each:
request for germ plasm
60019 M - New Mex.
60026 M - Colo.
60016 F - New Mex.
60038 F - Wyo.
60024 F - Colo.
58004 F - Utah
C.
E.
Zimmermann
Prosser, Wa.
April 1971
Crosses 7002, 7005, 7006
700 7, 7009
seed for research tests
Table 1 cont.
Recipient and Address
Mr. Richard Burton
Cleveland Art Museum
Date
Variety § Amount
April 1971
several hop rhizomes
April 1971
Fuggle
April 1971
12 each:
Reason
botanical garden
Cleveland, Oh.
Dr.
L. J. Miller
nematode host-range tests
Virginia Polytech
Inst., Blacksburg
Dr.
R. E.
Fore
Thailand
Dr. R. R. Romanko
Parma, Id.
Bullion and
request of Thailand government
Yakima Cluster
April 1971
May 1971
56013 - 800; 62013 - 300
19039M, 19170M, 63015M,
Idaho off-station tests
males for breeding
64101M
Dr. Carl Widmer
Jan. 1972
several rhizomes
for an associate in Peru
Feb.
Fuggle
Vert, wilt host-range tests with cotton
UC, Davis, Ca.
Dr. J.
B. Thaxton
1972
College Station, Tx.
isolates
George Signorotti
Sloughhouse, Ca.
Feb.
1972
Dr. C. L. Madan
Feb.
1972
Ammu Tawi, India
J.
I. Haas
Sacramento, Ca.
plots
6769~18 §6761"117 "50 ea- triPl°id observation plot!
several cuttings each:
request for germ plasm
Fuggle, Talisman § Bullion
Feb.
1972
2,100 of 62013
Calif, off-station test
Table 2. Hop germ plasm received at Corvallis, 1971.
Donor
Prof. Murayama and
Toshoku Ltd.
Date
May, 1970
Variety and Amount
Golden Star variety from Japan
Tokyo, Japan
Leningrad, USSR
May 1971
Clon SD; Clon 6-4-Early; Clon 5-36;
Clon 29-38; Svavlof 85; Svavlof 525-17-IV
Leningrad, USSR
May 1971
Variety Nos. 1-6 - varietal names $
PI numbers not listed
Dr. R. A. Neve
Wye College
Ashford, England
Jan.
1972
PI 369162 - Wye Challenger
PI 369163 - Viye Northdown
Table 3.
Accession
No.
21039
Accession numbers assigned in 1971.
Location
Row:Hill
15:1-4
Name or
Source
Toshoku Ltd., Nihonbashi
Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Pedigree
Golden Star
Remarks
Bud sport from Shinshuwase; sel.
by Y. Mori, Sapporo Brewery;
carries PNRSV; a 6.08, g 6.02
21040
208:23-32
Selection 6761-61
21003 x Fu 2-4
Triploid 2n=30; a 10, 0 3-4; good
storage, DM resistant; male
parent probably a Fu-OP
£
J.UHJ.
zi^:z^-^z
selection 6761-117
21003 x Fu 2-4
Triploid; a 7-8, 8 3-4; Europ.
aroma; DM resistant
21042
226:23-32
Selection 6769-02
21003 x Fu 1-1
Triploid; a 7, 0 3; male parent
probably a Fu-OP
21043
18:5-8
PI 369162, R. A. Neve,
Wye College
21044
19:5-8
Wye Challenger
resistant:
PI 369163, R. A. Neve,
Wye Northdown
Wye College
21045
103:21-22
Leningrad, USSR (II)
105:21-22
21048
106:21-22
11
ii
Silver Hop
it
(III)
Small Green
PI 376935
Svalof 85
PI 376932
Clon 29-38
107:21-22
High a, DM resistant; from cross
From USSR - via Dr. J. L. Creech,
New Crops Branch
PI 376934
21047
Za-OP x NB-OP
64107(NB) x DM resistant male
PI 376933
21046
High a, DM + powdery mildew
15
Table 4.
Accession
No.
21004
Accession numbers eliminated in 1971.
Location
Row:Hill
39:5-8
Reason
Remarks
poor yield, very late
Selection 6619-01
9:49-50
116:21-24
237:1-11
21020
236:12-21
poor yield, very late
Selection 6620-06
21025
22:51-52
224:23-32
virus, poor yield
Selection 6503-25
21027
237:12-21
poor yield
Selection 6659-12
21029
121:17-20
yellow fleck virus
Sel. 6616-16; High
symptoms
Quality Reserve Block
yellow fleck virus
Sel. 6617-02; HQRB
21031
124:17-20
symptoms
21037
119:21-24
yellow fleck virus
symptoms, split leaf
Sel. 6619-15; HQRB
blotch
21038
120:21-24
yellow fleck virus
symptoms, split leaf
blotch
65002
230:23-32
DM in cones + crown,
low a (3%)
Sel. 6659-11; HQRB
Tables. Crosses for breeding and genetic purposes made in 1971. (Cold treatment: Jan.
24 - Apr. 3, 1971.)
Cross
No.
7101
Pedigree
21003 x 64035M; Fu tetraploid x Za-OP
7102
7103
x 19170M;
x [XS x (EKG x EG-KGS)]
21001 x 60026M; FR2 x Colo 2-1
7104
x 65036M;
Location
of £
240:2
Remarks
early triploids
seed germinated
Jan. 72; to '71
243:23
238:1-21
y
Reason
Nurs.
maturity
early x early;
* high gland #
» x [Ha x (Ha x Fu-FuS)]
early x early
7105
62053 x 60026M; Defender x Colo 2-1
7106
7107
x 65036M;
early x early
* high gland #
early x early
222:1-21
late x
seeds
late x
seeds
late x
seeds
late x
seeds
x [Ha x (Ha x Fu-FuS)]
66052 x 19010M; Pr Ri x RV-FuS
7108
"
x 51101M;
"
x [FuS x (Lh x GCl-FuS)2]
7109
"
x 60026M;
»
x Colo 2-1
7110
"
x 65036M;
"
x [Ha x (Ha x Fu-FuS)]
7111
248:5-7
65101 x 19010M; Ta x RV-FuS
7112
••
x 51101M; '• x [FuS x (Lh x GCl-FuS)2]
7113
"
x 60026M;
<** high gland #
214:1-21
late;
sprouted
late;
sprouted
early;
sprouted
early;
sprouted
late x late
" x Colo 2-1
late x early
7114
7115
7H6
"
x 65036M;
" x [Ha x (Ha x Fu-FuS)]
6911-08 x 6911-21M; (Fu x SSp-LCS)2 x (Fu x SSp-LCS)2
"
x 6911-26M;
22:2
inbreeding
ii
sister x brother
o\
Table 5
cont,
Cross
No.
7117
Location
Pedigree
6911-09
of £>
x 6911-21M; (Fu x SSp-LCS)2 x (Fu x SSp-LCS)2
7118
6912-12 x 6912-20M;
7119
65102 x
52045M
YC x [(EKG x EG-KGS)x(EG-XS)]
7120
x
63013M
11
x (BG x Ut 526-4)
7121
x
64035M
"
x
x
"
»
x
64037M
n
7123
19151
x
52045M
(Fu x RV-XS) x [(EKG x EG-KGS)x(EG-XS)]
x
63013M
64009 x 52045M
213:1-21
it
inbreeding
sister x brother
"
DM inheritance
'i
S x S
H
,,
S
"
7125
22:8
Za-OP
7122
7124
22:3
Remarks A/
Reason
x
R
ii
33:5-8
R x
S
R x
R
x (BG x Ut 526-4)
Za-OP x [(EKG x EG-KGS)x(EG-XS)]
7126
x
63013M
x (BG x Ut 526-4)
7127
64010 x
52045M
x [(EKG x EG-KGS)x(EG-XS)]
7128
x
63013M
x (BG x Ut 526-4)
7129
64009 x
64035M
x
Za-OP
7130
x
64037M
x
"
7131
64010 x
64035M
x
"
31:9-12
32:9-12
31:9-12
32:9-12
Table 5 cont,
Cross
Location
Pedigree
No.
of ?
7132
64010 x 64037M; Za-OP x Za-OP
32:9-12
7133
19151 x 64035M; (Fu x RV-XS) x Za-OP
33:5-8
7134
7135
"
x 64037M;
"
Wild Canadian x OP
"
S = DM susceptible, R = DM resistant.
DM inheritance
Remarks
y
R x R
33:5-8
Morden, Manitoba,
Canada
y
Reason
High a
female parents of BG,
Bu,collected in this
area by Prof. Salmon
19
Stored pollen from the previous year was not viable and therefore the early
female x late male combination was not obtained.
These crosses will be
repeated in 1972. Seeds obtained on Pride of Ringwood (Cr. 7107, 7108, 7109,
7110) again showed a tendency to sprout in the cones before harvest. This was
observed once before (1968 Report, Table 1, page 14) but this year pollinating
bags were removed about one week after pollination and sprouting of seeds is
probably not due to unusual moisture conditions but may be a varietal charac
teristic. Seeded cones of Pride of Ringwood were unusually large (nearly
three times) as compared to seedless cones on the same plant, which is probably
a varietal characteristic. Seedlings from these maturity crosses will be
grown in the greenhouse in 1972 in preparation for a field trial to study
inheritance of maturity in 1973.
Four crosses (7115 to 7118) involved a continuation of the systematic
inbreeding program begun in 1967 (1967 Report, Table 4, pages 44-47).
Seedlings will be grown in the greenhouse and transplanted to the field in
Sixteen crosses (7119-7134) will be used for studying inheritance of
downy mildew resistance. Seedlings will be started in the greenhouse in 1972
and established in a replicated field trial at an isolated location near the
Oregon coast. The environmental conditions at the coast plots should be ideal
to establish high inoculum levels of downy mildew. This will allow us to
evaluate the seedlings under more natural downy mildew infestation than can
be achieved in the greenhouse. In addition, a limited number of seedlings
from several of these crosses will be tested for downy mildew reaction in the
greenhouse in 1972 by crown inoculation with a spore suspension.
One lot of about 300 open pollinated seeds (Cr. 7135) was obtained from
an experimental station at Morden, Manitoba, a location that is believed to
have been near the origin of the "Wild Canadian" female collected by Prof
Salmon many years ago which subsequently gave rise to the high alpha varieties
Bullion and Brewers Gold. Seeds will be germinated in the spring of 1972,
grown in the greenhouse for one year without mildew screening, and planted
in a field nursery in 1973.
Advanced Observation Nursery
Two advanced seedless observation nurseries were grown in 1971 for agro
nomic and quality evaluation of experimental lines, in conjunction with a
number of commercial lines. The three experimental varieties 21001 56013
and 62013 were also included (Table 6).
Variety 21001, an early maturing "noble" aroma European type, produced
light yields below the Fuggle level, in spite of having six producing vines
trained per hill (instead of four vines per hill trained for most other
varieties).
Variety 56013, which will be discussed elsewhere, was again harvested at
five different dates beginning on August 30. It produced excellent yields at
all harvest dates up to September 30 with alpha acid levels around 7%.
Variety 62013 had slightly lower yields than expected, but good alpha-
20
acid content (13.2%). Shattering at harvest and apparent susceptibility to
downy mildew under our growing conditions are probably the reasons for the
slightly lower yields of this selection at Corvallis in 1971.
Talisman and Pride of Ringwood, which mature very late, showed severe
infections by downy mildew, and were not harvested. Among the English
varieties Bullion gave substantially higher yields in this test than Brewers
Gold, although Brewers Gold was slightly higher in alpha acid (10.8 vs. 10.1%).
The second seedless observation nursery consisted of 10-hill plots of
ZL i^°Hd *el*ctions Plus 27 diploids in the second year of growth (Table 7)
Among the diploids in this group are three high alpha types which are of
continuing interest. All are late maturing and have poor storage stability
but a high alpha acid-yield potential (63032, 65009, 65011). Most of the
remaining diploid selections in this group were unsatisfactory for various
reasons. Selection 64007 showed excellent yield potential but had very low
alpha acid content and therefore will be moved to the breeding block to be
used for future crosses. Selection 21024 is a virus carrier with a strong
genetic Hallertau background and moderate yield potential. Selection 65002
has low alpha acid content and high downy mildew susceptibility in the cones
and will be discarded.
Eighteen of the 27 Fuggle-related triploid types were harvested and six
were selected for brewer inspection samples in 1971. Those are marked with
an asterisk in Table 7. All showed excellent yield potential. The alpha acid
contents varied from a low of 5.3% for selection 6769-11 to a high of 10 2%
for selection 6761-61 (Table 7). We are somewhat concerned at this time'
about an apparent susceptibility to Verticillium wilt in a number of triploid
selections. Several of the most promising ones are now for the second year in
a Verticillium wilt test in an isolation yard. In addition, we hope to
establish several small observations plots (about 50 plants each) with some
triploid lines in growers' yards in order to assess their agronomic performance
under commercial management practices.
1969 Nursery
The 1969 seedling nursery consisting of nearly 400 seedlings and appro
priate controls was evaluated for the second year in 1970 and 51 females plus
17 male selections were retained for further investigations (Tables 8 and 9)
Most of these selections resulted from crosses made on 61021, a line we commonly
refer to as "Swiss", which we believe is closely related to or even identical
to Tettnanger. Agronomic data, yield, quality characteristics, and disposi.
tion of these selections are listed in Table 8.
Two selections, 6806-67 and 6806-80, resulting from a cross on the high
alpha acid line 62013 are remarkable because of their high alpha acid potential
Many of the other selections had some quality characteristics similar to
European type hops. Twenty-eight selections (marked 10-h OB under "disposi
tion" in the table) will be planted in a 10-hill seedless nursery in the Smith
Yard m 1972. The remainder will go into a two-hill holding nursery in the
Mam Yard.
Rhizomes of eight of these selections will be sent to Dr. Skotland
Prosser, Washington, to be indexed for the presence of viruses. If necessary '
21
Table 6. Advanced Seedless Observation nursery grown in the Smith Yard, 1971
Ace.
or
Sel. No.
Location
Row:Hill
19001
209 :1-21
19110
218 : 1 -21
238 :1-21
21001
21011
Name or Pedigree
Cross wire
Flowerine
First
Most
First
June
June
July
50%
July
Brewers Gold
XS x B31S-B31
29
7/3
10
19
18
27
16
21
"FR 2"
23
30
7
12
L16
18
22
16
21
21012
215 :1-21
219 :1-21
E21
18
22
21026
5
12
236 :1-11
BG x Fu-Colo 2-1
21
29
9
19
48209
202 1-21
Fuggle H
27
21
211:1-21
Cascade = (Fu x Sereb-FuS) x OP
28
7/3
7/6
9
56013
9
16
it
ii
ii
it
ii
ii
"
it
M
i •
ii
M
n
i •
it
n
62013
223: 1-21
Su25S x Ut524-2
18
22
9
14
64100
208: 1-21
214: 1-21
213: 1-21
Bullion
22
10
21
Talisman
21
28
28
25
8/3
18
28
7
12
18
22
5
10
Alliance
18
28
9
Pride of Ringwood
19
27
7/5
19
26
65101
65102
65103
66050
66052
216: 1-21
224: 1-21
222: 1-21
Yakima Cluster (LI)
E2 (Early Cluster Sel.)
Pruned:
Harv.
date
April 19-20; Trained:
No. plants
Dry
and vines
matter
harvested
Sept.
15
17
8/26
15
8/30
20
8/26
8/30
8
17
24
30
20
8
-
8/30
8/30
8/26
Cone wt.
(green)
%
5/20
5/20
18/105
5/21
10/41
5/20
5/20
2/8
4/15
5/20
3/12
4/16
5/20
5/20
-
mg
lbs
8
%
%
oil
99
1930
10.8
5.9
3.1
2782
5.6
6.3
1.3
32.3
68
1274
5.5
4.7
22.9
133
2149
9.4
7.2
19.6
171
3016
5.7
25.5
163
2195
8.9
10.2
5.9
19.9
166
1538
5.5
2.9
1.1
2976
7.0
5.4
1.3
20.1
169
2712
6.3
5.5
1.9
21.7
118
2571
7.3
5.2
2.0
2.2
124
2294
6.8
6.1
5.1
18.5
4.4
24.6
230
2009
13.2
5.7
1.6
4.2
21.5
152
2877
10.1
5.5
2.8
DM in
some DM/cones
_
1.1
0.9
DM/cones
good picker
shatter
cones
19.3
158
3704
9.2
6.0
0.9
19.8
200
3042
8.6
5.9
0.7
1943
6.9
2.6
1.0
DM in
Remarks
ml/lOOg
126
64
DM/cones
cones
vines/plant, except for 21001
a.
a
19.9
Not harvested :
Yield formul
Quality
per acre
24.2
Not harvested :
to 4
1/
Yield -'
-
5/20
5/20
5/20
i7Co:rrected
May 21.
*
green wt. per plot in grams
No. plants/plot @ 4 vines ea.
x 0.41336 =
lbs/A % 25%
dry matter.
23
Table 7. Seedless 10-hill observation nursery grown in the Smith Yard, 1971.
Ace.
or
Sel. No.
Location
Row :Hill
Cross wire
Flowering
First
Most
First
June
July
July
Ha x (Ha x Fu-FuS)
21
6/28
Backa x Ut526-4
27
4
7/2
5
15
22
16
22
4
22
28
17
Name or Pedigree
Diplo:Lds
50%
July
Harvest
date
Sept.
21024
222 :23-32
63032
240
64007
236
ii
64026
232
ii
65002
230
ii
LC x EG-XS
26
4
15
21
14
65009
228
ii
BG x EG-XS
26
1
17
28
20
65011
227
ii
20
2
17
26
8
ri
(LGS xFu-FuS) xEG-XS
BG x(Bu x B31S-B31)
ii
13
19
14
17
28
20
Triploids
6761-12
204 23-32
6761-16
205
6761-47
207
ii
ii
6761-61*
208
ii
ii
6761-77
ii
6761-112
209
211
ii
ti
6761-117*
212
ii
ii
6763-09
FuT x FuS
ii
26
3
19
24
16
29
2
21
26
13
13
20
22
ti
20
27
20
213
ii
6763-10
6765-04
214
ii
217
ii
6765-34
225
6769-02*
226
6769-03
229
18
ii
20
FuT x FuS
1
4
6/28
6/28
15
21
26
13
19
24
15
19
24
13
13
23
15
23
16
27
2
15
22
16
28
4
15
22
17
13
21
16
17
23
16
24
30
17
15
21
17
15
22
14
6769-08
231
20
6769-11*
234
22
6769-31*
235
22
6/28
6771-19*
237
FuT x
6773-01
241
FuT x EG-XS
= 1971 Brewer Inspection Sample
24
24
15
6/22
6/30
6/30
6/30
RV-FuS
15
17
1
21
FuT x RV-FuS
1
6/30
18
26
1
12
18
14
27
2
12
20
17
24
Pruned:
April 21; Trained:
No. plants
and vines
harvested
Dry
matter
%
5/20
4/17
8/31
5/20
5/18
5/20
5/20
10/39
10/40
10/40
10/39
8/33
8/31
10/40
10/39
10/38
10/39
9/34
9/34
9/35
10/38
10/38
9/36
10/39
Yield y
Cone wt.
(green)
per acre
Quality
a
3
%
%
mg
lbs
21.9
105
2108
5.0
5.9
19.8
263
11.7
8.9
22.4
24.4
123
2738
2944
1.9
7.0
105
2211
7.8
6.8
21.4
23.1
103
2140
150
2691
3.8
13.3
7.4
7.7
22.0
162
2484
10.7
10.1
9.7
3.9
oil
1.2
0.6
1329
118
1589
23.0
107
1583
23.6
129
2798
10.2
3.0
1.6
24.6
23.2
102
1601
3.4
1.7
99
1771
7.5
9.5
3.6
2.S
20.0
108
2304
8.5
3.9
1.6
22.6
126
2603
7.7
4.1
1.0
19.6
161
1849
5.9
3.2
1.8
1.2
130
1660
5.1
2.0
122
1904
4.8
17.9
20.1
129
3246
6.1
95
2013
5.9
21.6
111
1555
7.2
2.7
3.2
2.9
3.4
20.8
176
121
3211
5.3
5.4
2191
6.8
2561
8.4
3.6
4.2
23.7
23.5
155
—
dat a
lost
~
_
DM/shoots
70% DM/cones; disc
20% DM/cones
good picker
112
19.7
virus
DM;irreg. growth
0.7
23.2
20.5
Remarks
!ml/lOOg
23.0
*~
y
May 24, 1971.
2.0
-
1.4
1.5
-
-
2% DM/cones
virus?
off flavor
overripe, DM/cones
virus
1% DM/cones
1.4
2.3
-
overripe, early
early
Corrected to 4 vines per pliant;
yield formula:
green wt . per plot in erams
e 4 vines ea
No. pi ants/p lot
x 0 .41336
= lbs/A @ 25%
dry matter.
25
Table 8. Female selections from the 1969 nursery, Corvallis, 1971,
,
,
—i
•
Ace. or
Sel. No.
1:31
-80
1:32
6811-01
6817-08
6818-04
2:28
-19
4:29
11
-20
II
-21
4:30
4:31
-28
4:38
62013
6616
X
ti
ii
6322--01M;
3:28
X
3:36
61021
X
6220--09M; Swiss x Fu-Colo 2-1
6310-•01M; Swiss x [(LGpS x Fu
-FuS)x(EG-XS)]
II
4:39
II
II
-43
5:31
II
-48
5:36
II
-59
6:27
II
-67
6:35
II
-68
II
-76
6:36
6:43
6:44
-78
6:46
II
-80
-84
7:26
7:30
II
II
7:31
II
7:35
II
-93
7:39
7:41
7:44
8:33
-127
9:31
II
II
II
It
II
-128
9:32
II
-132
9:36
9:39
II
6819-05
9:47
-11
10:31
II
61021 x 6322-01M;
-19
10:39
II
10:40
II
-22
10:42
II
-23
10:43
II
-31
11:29
It
-32
11:30
II
-35
II
-36
11:33
11:34
-37
11:35
6820-01
11:38
tl
II
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ft
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ii
-20
If
||
ii
II
-89
ii
ii
ii
II
-85
-107
E2 x[(LGpS x Fu -FuS)x(SSp-LCS)]
II
5:30
-135
x Fu-Colo 2-1)
it
X
-29
-98
-35M; (Su25S :x Ut524-i2)x (BG
65103
61021
-42
-95
—-
Pedigree
6806-67
-75
—.—~
•
Location
Row:Hill
tr
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ii
it
ff
ii
ft
it
ff
ii
ff
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ft
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it
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II
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27
Table
8 cont.
Ace. or
Location
Sel. No.
Row:Hill
6820-02
11:39
-04
-07
11:41
11:44
^f?4-01
12:36
6825-01
12:44
-02
12:45
6828-07
13:33
-19
13:43
Pedigree
61021 x 63013M; Swiss x (BG x Ut526-4)
»
"
19151 x 6310-01M; (Fu x RV-XS)x[(LGpS x Fu-FuS)x(EG-XS)]
Wild European (Retz)
6668-01 x OP; (56008 - OP tetrapl.) x OP
"
48209
avg. of 8 hills
Fuggle.H check
65102
avg. of 7 hills
Yakima Cluster check
y
ii
ti
.i
Fresh weight, corrected to 4 vines per plant.
28
Cross
Flowering
Wire
first
July
Date
Cone wt.
50%
harv.
(green)
July
July
Sept.
13
27
8/10
3
19
27
1
1
8
_
7
Yield y
per plant
mg.
-
-
Dry
matter
a
not harvested
29.1
-
3850
not harvested
S
a
0
g
227
-
Qua lity
9.0
-
Remarks §
Disposition
a
-
3.9
-
2-h OB
10-h OB
VE, 2-h OB
10
17
25
3
99
21.2
4450
3.2
2.0
2-h OB
6/22
21
27
7
116
30.3
3200
5.1
5.6
2-h OB
3
23
29
7
100
3.5
10-h OB
15
25
7
230
4500
4350
4.4
5
27.5
20.6
8.8
4.3
2-h OB
17
8/3
15
24
8
16
6/25
-
-
not
harvested
-
-
/good stor.
2-h OB
6
6/24
8/26
1
136
30.5
2146
5.4
2.2
x of 8
172
24.4
4160
6.1
3.9
x of 7
29
Table
Ace.
9.
Male selections from the 1969 nursery, Corvallis, 1971.
or
Sel. No.
Location
6804-09M
110:21-22
19105 x 19005M; (LGpS x Fu-FuS) x LCS
6803-53M
108:21-22
19105 x 63013M; (LGpS x Fu-FuS)x(BG x Ut526-4)
6803-90M
109:21-22
6806-115M
111:21-22
62013 x 6616-35M; (Su25S x Ut526-4)x(BG x Fu-Colo2-l)
6811-04M
112:21-22
65103 x 6322-01M; E2 x[(LGpS x Fu-FuS)x(SSp-LCS)]
6811-08M
101:23-24
6812-02M (H)
102:23-24
19208 x 6220-09M; LC x Fu-Colo. 2-1
6817-06M
103:23-24
61021 x 6220-09M; Swiss x Fu-Colo 2-1
6818-05M
104:23-24
61021 x 6310-01M; Swiss x[(LGpS x Fu-FuS)x(EG-XS)]
6818-07M
105:23-24
6818-60M
106:23-24
6818-112M
107:23-24
6818-114M
108:23-24
6819-13M
109:23-24
6819-24M
110:23-24
6819-27M
111:23-24
61021 x 6322-01M; Swiss x[(LGpS x Fu-FuS)x(SSp-LCS)]
6820-14M
112:23-24
61021 x 63013M; Swiss x (BG-Ut 526-4)
y
Pedigree
"
it
ii
ii
it
ti
61021 x 6322-01M; Swiss x[(LGpS x Fu-FuS)x(SSp-LCS)]
ii
ii
M
Data indicates the date the plant reached 18 feet in height, or when
expressed in feet, it is the total height of the mature plant.
-J A275/A325 = index of deterioration in lupulin, pages 86-87 and 145 of
the 1970 Annual Report.
30
Cross —'
wire
Anthesis
50%
St
Quality
8
a
o/e
a+8
orage £/
A275^
I
Remarks
II
A325
16 ft.
7/30
7/18
7/19
13.6
62.0
-
75.6
-
0.22
-
0.164
-
1.66
-
1.34
High B
Vigorous
-
17 ft.
7/25
33.9
27.0
60.9
1.25
0.285
0.43
0.43
Med. early
7/12
7/26
52.5
25.3
77.8
2.07
0.238
0.46
0.38
Good stor.
6/20
7/25
18.5
47.7
66.2
0.39
0.137
0.38
0.58
Vig., Med. ea.
6/27
7/15
22.5
28.9
51.3
0.78
0.166
7/8
8/5
7/5
7/10
7/6
7/10
6/1
8/1
7/6
7/14
6/27
symptoms
y , no virus
symptoms
34.1
8/2
6/29
7/20
32.7
-
32.4
44.6
76.9
-
0.73
-
0.191
-
1.99
-
-
12 ft.
7/10
-
-
-
-
-
7/6
7/12
-
-
-
-
-
-
7/10
-
-
-
-
1.84
-
Vigorous
Early
Vig., med.
-
0.75
Very early
Very early
-
-
0.249
0.75
-
-
-
0.93
0.86
-
-
-
57.9
0.226
-
-
-
30.0
1.04
-
-
-
28.0
66.8
-
-
7/22
6/28
Vig., virus
0.86
Vig., late
Vigorous
Very early
Early
Early
31
Dr. Skotland will attempt heat treatment of promising lines to eliminate
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus.
In addition, 17 male selections will be placed in a two-hill holding
nursery m the Main Yard for further evaluation. Only one male selection
6806-115M, was retained from cross 6806 which yielded the two females with
high alpha acid potential. Chemical analysis of this selection indicates
the lupulm has very good storage. Other male selections were made to
represent crosses which had good female progenies, or because they exhibited
desirable agronomic traits (Table 9). Selection 6811-08M, and 6812-02M were
kept for future virus studies.
1970 Nurse ry_
Over 1,000 seedlings from the 1969 crosses, mainly from Yakima Cluster x
downy mildew resistant (Zattler-OP) males, survived the downy mildew green
house screening and were space-planted in the 1970 nursery in the spring of
1971 (Table 10). The high proportion of apparently downy mildew resistant
Yakima Cluster seedlings (Crosses 6901, 6902, 6903) was surprising and con
trary to previous experience with downy mildew reaction of Cluster seedling
progenies. Another part of the 1970 nursery consists of seedlings with high
alpha acid potential (Crosses 6904, 6905, 6907, 6908). Some of these pro
genies were screened for downy mildew whereas others were not screend but
evaluated agronomically under a two-foot spacing in the field in 1970 and
transplanted to the nursery the same year the downy mildew screened material
was planted. We will attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of greenhouse
downy mildew screening vs. agronomic evaluation without prior disease
screening in this material.
The remainder of the 1970 nursery, approximately 600 plants, represent
progeny from various diploid-tetraploid crosses which will be evaluated for
yi!1l?ntentla1, disease reaction, and quality characteristics. Crosses 6909
and 6910 are tetraploid Fuggle x diploid male progeny which were not screened
for downy mildew prior to field planting. We hope to select high alpha,
good yielding triploids from this material. Cross 6913, 6914, 6915, 6916 and
6917 were made originally for genetic purposes, in order to assess the viability
of pollen from the monoecious tetraploid genotype 6668-01. Arandom sample
from each cross was checked cytologically and most of the seedlings were
triploids (Appendix, Table 3). One group of seedlings in these crosses was
transplanted to the field without prior downy mildew screening, while the
remainder are greenhouse grown, downy mildew screened seedlings. Mildew notes
will be obtained in the field to further evaluate the effectiveness of the
agio 6920,
A^nCr!nonngJo?nique
downy
mildew'
1!iie originally
raining crosses
6918,
6919,
6921, 6922, 6924, f0r
6925,
6927,
and 6928,
also came
from
the genetic program to study the viability and seed set potential of pollen
from selected tetraploid males. Root tip chromosome counts of a random
seedling sample again showed that most were triploids (Appendix, Table 3)
We hope to select triploids from this material which have either Cluster or
Brewers Gold characteristics.
Surviving crowns from the mutation trial with the Early Cluster selection
E2, originally started by Dr. Brooks in 1967 (see 1967 USDA Report, page 24;
Table 10. Genotypes grown the first year in the 1970 nursery (planted May 10-14, 1971)
Accession or
Selection No.
Location
RowrHill
Source
Pedigree
Pedigree
6901-01 to 303 1:63 to 9:81
Cr.6901 65102 x 64032M; YC x 2L118-OP
6902-01 to 89
Cr.6902 65102 x 64033M; YC x 2L118-0P
9:82 to 12:62
Purpose
DM res
" t>Tf
6903-01 to 384 12:65 to 22:92 Cr.6903 65102 x 64037M; YC x 7K491-0P
6904-03 to 162 22:94 to 26:62 Cr.6904 62013 x19039M; (Su25S xUt524-2) xFuS-RVS
6905-02 to 66
26:65-94
Cr.6905 62013 x6616-61M; (Su25S x Ut524-2)x(BG x Fu-Colo2-l)
high a, a/3
"
"
6906-02 to 198 26:95 to 31:65 Cr.6906 62013 x 6669-09M; (Su25S x Ut524-2) x GoBu-OP
6907-01 to 107 31:68 to 34:66 Cr.6907 19105 x6616-61M; (LGpS xFu-FuS)x(BG xFu-Colo2-l)
high a, v.
6908-01 to 208 34:68 to 39:95 Cr.6908 19105 x 6669-09M; (LGpS x Fu-FuS) x GoBu-OP
^
6909-01 to 08 40:61-67
6910-03 to 28 40:68-85
Cr.6909 21003 x19039M; Fu tetr. xFuS-RVS
Cr.6910 21003 x6616-61M; Fu tetr. x (BG xFu-Colo2-l)
6913-01 to 110 40:87 to 43:86 Cr.6913 19001 x6668-01M; BG x[[XS x(Fu xEG-ECS) ]xOP]
6916-01 to 41
Fu-triploids
Fu-tripl.,a
high a, tlpl.
43:89 to 44:90 Cr.6916 65011 x6668-01M; (BG x EG-XS)x[[XS x(Fu xEG-ECS)]xOP] "
6917-01 to 76 44:91 to 46:85 Cr.6917 65104 x6668-01M; L8 x[[XS x(Fu xEG-ECS)] xOP]
6918-02 to 48 46:86 to 47:85 Cr.6918 19001 x6751-98M; BG x[[XS x(Fu xEG-ECS)]x OP]
6919-01 to 02
*»*"
47:87-88
Cr.6919 64107 x 6751-98M; NB x [[XS x (Fu x EG-ECS)] x OP]
Cl. type, tripl.
high a, tripl.
w
to
Table
10 cont.
Accession or
Selection No.
6920-01 to 21
6921-01 to 66
6922-02 to 37
6924-01 to 39
6925-01 to 85
Location
Row:Hill
Source ^
Pedigree
rcuxgree
Purpose
47:89 to 48:71 Cr.6920 65011 x6751-98M; (BG xEG-XS)x[[XS x(Fu xEG-ECS)]xOP] high a, tripl.
48:72 to 49:91 Cr.692l 65104 x6751-98M; L8 x[[XS x(Fu xEG-ECS)] xOP]
Cl. type, tripl.
49:93 to 50:87 Cr.6922 19001 x6752-59M; BG x[[XS x(Fu xEG-ECS)] xOP]
50:88 to 51:84 Cr.6924 65011 x 6752-59M; (BG xEG-XS) x[[XS x(Fu xEG-ECS) JxOP]
50:86 to 53:80 Cr.6925 65104 x 6752-59M; L8 x[[XS x (Fu x EG-ECS)] x OP]
6927-02 to 30 53:82-91
Cr.6927 65011 x6769-12M; (BG xEG-XS)x(Fu tetr.-FuS)
54:8?
6915-01 to 02 54:88-89
Cr.6915 64107 x6668-OlM; NB x[
65103
54:94
EGH
E2 - UV5
65103
54:95-96
EGH
E2 - UV10
65103
55:61-64
EGH
E2 - EMS 0.5
65103
55:65-72
EGH
E2 - EMS 0.75
Cl. type, tripl.
Cl.type, tripl.
Cr-6914 19004 *6668-OlM; XS x[[XS x(Fu xEG-ECS)] xOP]
"
"
high a, tripl.
6928-03 to 48 53:92 to 54:86 Cr.6928 65104 x6769-12M; L8 x (Fu tetr.-FuS)
6914"01
high ./tripl.
„
3
triploids
Cl. mutants
—I
EGH = East Greenhouse
w
w
34
1968 Report, page 12)
the field trials that
in the greenhouse for
page 72; 1970 Report,
are also included in the 1970 nursery. Rhizomes from
apparently were free from downy mildew had been screened
downy mildew reaction in 1969 and 1970 (1969 Report
page 69). Surviving plants, therefore, were included
in the 1970 nursery for further field testing. These included one plant from
the UV-5 mm. treatment, two plants from the UV-10 min. treatment, four plants
trom the 0.5-s EMS treatment, and eight plants from the 0.75% EMS treatment
Hopefully, some of these selections will carry downy mildew resistance and
also have agronomic and quality characteristics similar to the Early Cluster
variety.
J
Commercial Variety Block
Two genotypes, Bullion (64100) and experimental line 62013, were added to
the commercial variety block in 1971. Dr. Berry, OSU entomologist, used
plants in this block to evaluate several pesticides and plans to continue
the trials in 1972.
Named Variety Block
In 1971 we planted in the southwest corner of the east main yard all
named varieties we maintain for our breeding program and will refer to this
nursery as the Named Variety Block in the future. Several of our advanced
experimental lines are also included in this nursery (Table 11). Each
genotype will be represented in four hills. Our objective is to collect and
maintain as many of the more important world hop varieties as possible for
use as breeding material or to serve as comparisons with our experimental
lines.
HOP GENETICS
In addition to our effort of obtaining triploid types with either
Cluster or high alpha acid characteristics discussed under hop breeding,
a number of genetic studies were carried out in 1971.
Tetraploid Nursery
A two-hill tetraploid observation nursery was established in 1971 which
includes male, female, and monoecious selections from the 1970 tetraploid
nursery (1970 Report, pages 49-50). Most of these selections originated
from the female triploid 56008, but some came from the tetraploid Fuggle
21003. After another years' testing, the most promising types will be
transplanted to a holding nursery, probably after the 1972 season.
The
colchicine-induced tetraploid Fuggle 21003 has now been registered with the
Crop Science Society of America as valuable germplasm.
Six advanced triploid lines were offered to the U. S. Brewers Association.
Hop Research Subcommittee, for hand evaluation. Detailed description of
these lines plus comments by the evaluator are found on pages 43-45.
New genetic crosses in 1971 (Crosses 7103 to 7114, Table 5) are designed
for studying inheritance of maturity. There is a need for a good yielding
35
Table 11.
Ace. No.
19001
19208
19209
21001
21011
21013
21014
21015
21016
48209
56001
56002
Varieties now established in the "Named Variety
Name (pedigree)
Brewers Gold
Late Cluster
Fuggle
"FR2"
Source
39:
Block."
Location
9-12
1:1-4
34: 9-12
35: 9-12
238: 1-12
2:1-4
3:1-4
4:1-4
L-16 Late Cluster Sel.
37: 5-8
5:1-4
Idaho 40
44: 5-8
39: 1-4
54: 5-8
6:1-4
15:26-47
41: 1-4
9:1-4
Hallertauer mittelfriih
Tettnanger
Fuggle N (virus free)
Fuggle H
Hallertauer
207: 1-21
37: 9-12
7:1-4
8:1-4
10:1-4
11:1-4
56013
Backa
Cascade
59008
Early Cluster
38: 9-12
14:1-4
Golden Star
Shinshuwase
Japan
60042
15:1-4
61019
61020
61021
--
33:
1-4
12:1-4
13:1-4
43: 5-8
16:1-4
Yugoslavia Golding
Savinja Golding
45:19-20
46:19-20
17:1-4
18:1-4
Swiss
36: 5-8
19:1-4
62013
SuS25S x Ut 524-2
62051
Janus
64100
Bullion
37: 1-4
31:19-20
40: 1-4
31:21-22
40: 9-12
64107
Northern Brewer
32:
5-8
65101
Talisman
36:
1-4
65102
L-l Yakima Cluster
62052
Density
62053
Defender
65103
65104
E-2 Early Cluster Sel.
213: 1-21
1:5-8
2:5-8
3:5-8
4 :5-8
5:5-8
6:5-8
38: 5-8
7:5-8
220: 1-21
32:19-20
8:5-8
66051
L-8 Late Cluster Sel.
Progress
66052
Pride of Ringwood
32:
Bramling Cross
54:21-22
68051
20:1-4
21:1-4
1-4
9:5-8
10:5-8
11:5-8
36
early maturing hop variety in the United States, but presently we know little
about the maturity potential of our germplasm or about the inheritance of this
trait.
The inbreeding program through brother/sister mating (Crosses 7115, 7116,
7117, and 7118) is being continued and seedling selections will be trans
planted to the field for future crossing.
Female Triploid Selections
Selections from the two female triploid holding nurseries (1970 Report,
page 39) grown in our Main Yard in 1970-71 are listed in Table 12. They
appear to have sufficient yield potential and Verticillium wilt resistance
and will be planted in a seedless 10-hill observation nursery in 1972. One
of these selections, 6769-11, has already been grown for two years in a seed
less 10-hill test. It had an outstanding yield record in the Smith Yard
which is now confirmed by yield data obtained in the Main Yard.
Male Triploids
Nine different triploid male selections were offered to interested hop
growers in 1970 to be included in their commercial yards (1970 Report, page
39). We had hoped to study the effects of triploid (largely non-functional)
pollen on cone size and yield under commercial conditions.
In addition to the two growers listed in the 1970 Report, three more
participated in 1971; namely, Stauffer Bros, of Hubbard, Oregon (selection
6769-06), Krebs Bros, of Jefferson, Oregon (selection 6769-33), and
George Signorotti of Sloughhouse, Calif, (selection 6755-13).
The experiment thus far has been somewhat disappointing since the growers
in many instances lost track of the material during planting operations.
Triploid males could be located at Coleman Farms, but diploids had also been
included in the same yard which obviously confounds any observations on seed
set or cone size to stimulation from triploid pollen.
A new approach, perhaps controlled pollination with a mixture of triploid
pollen, will be attempted in our seedless yard in 1972 to assess the potential
of triploid pollen.
Trisomies
A group of approximately 60 primary trisomies that have been previously
identified from root tip smears was maintained in a greenhouse soil bed in
1971.
In addition to the four types tentatively associated with a given
phenotype in 1970, one other type was identified.
Additional primary trisomies, including the "forked" chromosome, were
found among the seedling progeny of an open pollinated seed collection on the
triploid 56008 (Cross 7012) grown in a greenhouse soil bed in 1971 (Appendix,
Table 4).
Since a considerable amount of time had to be devoted to the field
evaluation of selected triploid lines in 1971, the aneuploid research could not
be pursued as vigorously as previously planned. Most aneuploids have now
also been established in a field nursery and will be maintained for future
research (chromosome morphology,, meiosis, etc.).
Table E. Selections from the two Triploid Holding Nurseries retained for future testing; planted April 22
1970; pruned April 22-23, 1971; trained May 24-25, 1971; harvested September 9-14, 1971.
Selection
No.
Location
Row:Hill
Pedigree
Cross wire
first
most
July
July
6/26
6/28
Vert, wilt i/
7-19-71
115 1-4
-04
116 1-4
-41
119 1-4
ti
-43
120 1-4
ii
-47
121 1-4
ii
6761-42
124:1-4
21003 x FuS
6763-02
115:5-8
21003 x FuS
-09
116:5-8
21003 x FuS
6
ii
6765-02
118:5-8
21003 x RV-FuS
6769-11
-28
114:9-12
21003 x FuS
115:9-12
6771-21
ii
115:13-16
116:13-16
21003 x RV-FuS
-23
6772-17
117:13-16
21003 x Fu-FuS
ii
10
0
0
3515
0
0
0
3040
0
6
7
2
7
110
110
2
2
4186
7
1111
3800
0
3800
6/28
6/28
6/28
11
3
112
1
4725
1111
4375
1111
4225
0
0
0
110
0
1
4983
2
10
0
2
4838
4667
12
12
4827
1
5
5
6/28
6/30
0
4075
2
1
3
0
3
0
6/28
1
5675
Two-hi11 nursery:
6755-04
120:25-26
21003 x EG-BavS
6757-03
121:25-26
21003 x EG-XS
6760-07
-29
124:25-26
116:27-28
117:27-28
21003 x FuS
-44
3
5
0
0
4900
2
0
0
4572
2
6
1
0
4458
3
7
1
0
4725
6
1
0
4486
6/29
6/28
Remarks
g
Four-hill nursery:
6760-02
Yield -/
per plant
early regrowth
early regrowth
w
si
see also si.OB 234:23-32
early, good sidearms
Table 12 cont.
Selection
No.
6760-58
Location
Row:Hill
Cross wire
Pedigree
119:27-28
123:27-28
21003 x FuS
121:29-30
21003 x FuS
123:29-30
124:29-30
21003 x FuS
6769-40
121:31-32
21003 x FuS
-47
122:31-32
-75
6761-50
6763-05
-16
y
2/
ti
ii
first
most
July
July
6/29
3
2
6
Vert, wilt -V
7-19-71
Remarks
g
1
0
1
0
4650
0
0
4458
4625
3
6
0
0
4450
6
8
1
0
4288
4
1
0
4750
6
1
1
Rating: 0 (best) to 4; 4 plants/plot, rated on a single hill basis.
Based on 4 vines/plant, green weight.
Yield y
per plant
4200
very slight DM
w
OO
39
COMMERCIAL EVALUATION (C. E. Horner)
Cascade - A New Hop Variety
Cascade is the first new hop variety to originate from the hop research
program conducted cooperatively by the U. S. Department of Agriculture with
the State Experiment Stations and the U. S. Brewers Association. Cascade
was named and officially released January 3, 1972. The Notice of Release
follows:
The Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis, Oregon
The Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman, Washington
and
The United States Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service
Plant Science Research Division
Beltsville, Maryland
NOTICE OF RELEASE OF NEW HOP VARIETY CASCADE
The Oregon and Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations, and The Plant
Science Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, announce the
release of a new hop variety named Cascade. These experiment stations and
the Plant Science Research Division wish to acknowledge the helpful coopera
tion of the United States Brewers Association in the development of Cascade.
Cascade is the first hop variety developed in the United States with aroma
and brewing characteristics similar to varieties now being imported from
Europe. It was selected at Corvallis, Oregon, in 1956 and originated from
open-pollinated seed of a plant obtained previously by crossing Fuggle an
English variety, with a male obtained by crossing Serebrianka, a Russian
variety, with a Fuggle seedling.
Cascade was extensively tested as USDA
Accession Number 56013.
Cascade has good resistance to systemic downy mildew crown infection incited
°y Pseudoperonospora humuli and to downy mildew cone infection.
It is
tolerant to the prevalent strains of Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium
dahliae, but should not be planted on land known to be heavily infested with—
the wilt fungus. Current planting stock of Cascade carries a strain of
prunus necrotic ringspot virus but has not been seriously affected by the virus
Cascade produces abundant, erect, slender, easily trained shoots. Vines
twine closely to the string and form an even growth with hops in definite
clusters well-distributed over the vines. Cones are compact, medium-sized,
and pick easily. It yields, picks, and handles best when grown seedless.
A few male flowers are sometimes present. Maturity is medium (September 310), but Cascade retains brewing quality and bright appearance for about
three weeks after reaching adequate maturity for harvest. Lupulin is plentiful^, yellow to orange in color. Dried hops contain 5.5 - 7.5% alpha-acid
4-6-0 beta-acid, and 1-2 ml oil per 100 grams.
Cohumulone content of the
alpha-acid is similar to Fuggle and Hallertauer varieties. Oil composition
40
is similar to Fuggle, Styrian, and Tettnanger varieties in famesene content
with no unusual components. Storage stability is similar to Bullion and
Hallertauer varieties. Brewing tests indicate that Cascade is suitable for
replacement of imported varieties used widely in lager beer production.
Cascade has been evaluated for several years in Oregon and Washington in both
experimental plots and in commercial-scale plantings from which hops for
brewing trials were obtained. Cascade has consistently produced good yieldshowever, its greatest potential is to replace imported varieties.
Yield of Cascade compared with Fuggle and Yakima Cluster hop varieti
Variety
Fuggle
Yakima Cluster
Cascade
Location
of test
Oregon #1
Oregon #2
Yie:ld,
es:
pounds/acre
1969
1970
800
1300
1971
1360
1550
Washington
1560
Oregon #1
Oregon #2
2100
Washington
2150
--
2075
1720
2375
2280
2050
Cascade is suitable for production in the hop-growing areas of Idaho, Oregon
and Washington. Planting stock was distributed in 1971 to the Idaho, Oregon,'
and Washington Hop Commissions and United Hop Growers of California for
vegetative propagation. Approximately 300,000 propagules will be available
for planting in 1972 from the above Commissions. The Plant Science Research
Division, and the Oregon and Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations
will not sell or distribute planting stock to growers.
The date agreed upon for simultaneous announcement of release is
January 3, 1972.
Cascade hop appears to be adapted to Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It may
also be adapted to California. About 40 acres of established plantings should
produce about 80,000 pounds of hops in 1972. Preliminary indications are
that about 200 new acres will be planted in Washington, 80 acres in Oregon,
and 30 acres in Idaho during 1972.
41
Selection 62013
Hop selection 62013 was planted for commercial scale brewing or
extracting trials at two locations in Washington and one in Oregon during
1971. Small experimental plantings were made in Idaho, California, and
Oregon also.
In Washington, seven bales (1,362 lbs) were produced on two acres of a
"baby" planting on the Les Roy farm. These hops were extracted by Hop
Extract Corporation for brewing tests.
In Oregon, six bales (1,083 lbs)
were produced on two acres of a "baby" planting at Annen Brothers farm.
Hops or extracts from these plantings were made available by USBA to brewers
for testing.
Hops of selection 62013, produced in Washington on about eight acres of
"babies," were supplied by the grower to an extractor. This planting of
62013 is not sponsored by USBA.
The planting of USDA variety 62013 will be increased in 1972 to pro
vide 75 to 100 bales in order to meet the request of USBA members interested
in our evaluation of this variety.
Propagation of rootstock of 62013 was continued in 1971. About 5,000
planting stocks were produced. It is anticipated that most of this stock
will be used to establish a commercial scale agronomic test in California
and to fill in missing hills in the Washington tests. The remainder will
be propagated at Corvallis and Prosser.
The "Information Sheet" giving a detailed description of 62013 is on
page 52 of the 1970 Annual Report.
Selection 21001
This Hallertau-like selection is being grown at two locations in Oregon
of about 300 hills each and at one location in Washington of two acres.
These off-station tests were originally started because of the interest
expressed by Coors in this selection and are not sponsored by USBA.
In Oregon, production of 685 pounds was divided between Anheuser-
Busch and Coors by their agreement. The Washington production of 1338 pounds
went mostly to Coors, with some to National Breweries. These plantings will
be continued in 1972 with an anticipated production of 16 bales.
42
USBA Evaluation of 1971 Hop Samples
Members of the USBA Hop Research Subcommittee received samples of six
experimental hop selections for evaluation in 1971.
All six of the selec
tions were triploid Fuggle-types which have been under preliminary
agronomic evaluation for two or more years in our nurseries.
Instead of assigning numerical evaluations for desirability and poten
tial, evaluators were merely asked to score the selections in order of
preference and make comments as they saw fit for each of the selections.
Subcommittee members receiving samples for evaluation were as follows:
Dr. J. B. Bockelmann
Dr. Paul Hoskins
The F. § M. Schaefer Brewing Co
Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
430 Kent Ave.
721 Pestalozzi St.
Brooklyn, NY
11211
Mr. L. S. Gimbel, III
S. S. Steiner, Inc.
St. Louis, M0
63118
Dr. A. J. Rehberger
Jos. Schlitz Brewing Co.
655 Madison Ave.
235 W. Galena St.
New York, NY
Milwaukee, WI
10021
Mr. Rodney S. Hansen
Olympia Brewing Co.
P.
0.
Box 947
Olympia, WA
98507
Mr. Frederick J. Haas
John I. Haas, Inc.
815 Connecticut Ave., N.W.
Washington, DC
20006
53201
Mr. Herman K. Rosenbusch
The Stroh Brewery Co.
909 E. Elizabeth St.
Detroit, MI
48226
Mr. John B. Segal
George Segal Co., Inc.
50 East 42nd St.
New York, NY
10017
Mr. Bryant R. Holland
Rheingold Breweries, Inc.
36 Forrest St.
Brooklyn, NY
11206
Results of the Hop Research Subcommittee evaluations are shown in the
following table:
43
Evaluation of Inspection Samples, 1971 Crop, by USBA Hop Research Subcommittee
Selection evaluated
Evaluator
in order of
preference
Comments
J- Se8al
6761-61
6771-19
Both fine hops; both similar; 6761-61
odor of apples, a little heavy
Schlitz
6761-117
equally preferred; aromatic, good clean
6771-19
6769-02
Olympia
bland, mild
6761-61 - - - -
straw-like
6769-31 - - - -
unpleasant, grassy
6769-11 - - - -
straw-like
6761-61 - - - - equally preferred; aroma pleasant in all
6761-117
6769-11
6769-02 - - - -
both have undesirable aroma
6769-31
Steiner
6761-61
- - -
most preferred; good; green yellow-green;
med. to large cones; lupulin plentiful,
pleasant aroma, bright appearance
6761-117* - - - good; light green; small to med. cones,
not compact; lupulin plentiful, sticky,
pleasant aroma, bright appearance
6771-19*- - - - good; green light-green; med. cones,
shatter easily; lupulin plentiful, sticky,
aroma sharp and spicy, bright appearance
6769-02*- - - -
good; light green; med. cones, shatter
easily; lupulin not so plentiful, not
sticky, harsh aroma, fair appearance
6769-11*- - - - fair; green; med. to large compact cones;
lupulin plentiful, fairly sticky, aroma
fair, dull appearance
6769-31*- - - - fair; green yellow-green; med. to large
compact cones; lupulin very plentiful, not
so sticky, unpleasant aroma, dull appearance
No order of preference
44
Evaluator
Selection evaluated
in order of
Comments
preference
Rheingold
6761-61
first choice
6771-19
second choice
6761-117
6769-31
fourth, disliked
6769-02
Stroh
6761-61
third choice
had such variable cone size, wondered if
sample was representative
• scored 11 out of 15 points possible; high
alpha limits it to extract $ general brewing;
good appearance, mild aroma
6769-31
scored 10.3; one evaluator thought unlimited
potential, others felt could be used for
Continental § general brewing; good aroma
with some spiciness; a bit low in alpha
6761-117
scored 9; commercial potential limited to
extract and general brewing; sharp aroma,
slight cheesyness felt by 2 evaluators;
appearance good
6769-02
scored 8.5; limited to general brewing;
pleasant but slightly pungent aroma; low
alpha
6771-19
scored 7.7; limited to extract and general
brewing; heavy and spicy aroma; apperance
good, some stained cones; alphas in good
range
6769-11
scored 6.2; considered potential as
Continental and general brewing, 2 felt it
has no potential; alpha acids too low; poor
appearance; mild aroma with 3 feeling it
had unfavorable aroma
Haas
6761-61*
flavor excellent and fairly strong; color
even green; texture excellent
6769-31*
flavor very good, milder than 6761-61;
color green; texture:
6769-117*-
cones rather coarse
flavor good, mild; color very bright and
green; texture good
6769-02*
fairly strong flavor but definitely not
unpleasant
45
Selection evaluated
Evaluator
Haas cont.
in order of
preference
6769-11* -
Comments
- - very mild flavor and general quality fair
only
6771-19* -
- - very strong flavor, probably suitable only
for extract and the relatively high alpha
would indicate this so
A-Busch
6771-19*
#1 - odd, off, not a hop character
#2 - odd odor, fair to poor appearance
#3 - strong oil aroma
#4 - slightly cheesy and perfume
6769-31*
#1 - pungent
#2 - aroma fair to poor, fair to poor appearanc
#3 - pungent, oily, appearance fair
#4 - fresh aroma, slightly strawy, weathered
appearance
6769-11*
#1 - strong odor, very coarse in appearance
#2 - slightly odd and sweet aroma, fair to
poor in appearance
#3 - slightly sharp aroma, fair appearance
#4 - pungent, sharp aroma, brownish cones,
raw spindle
6769-11*
#1 - pungent
#2 - aroma fair to poor, appearance poor
#3 - aroma slightly sharp
#4 - trace cheesy, slightly oily
6761-117*
#1 - slightly pungent, best of six
#2 - odd aroma, appearance ok
#3 - pungent aroma, appearance good
#4 - oily, slightly sharp aroma; raw spindle,
some brownish cones
6761-61*
#1 - pungent
#2 - aroma fair, appearance fair
#3 - slightly sharp, appearance good
#4 - slightly perfume and sharp, smokey end
46
Results of the evaluations were discussed verbally with the Subcommittee
members at the USBA meeting in Albany, California, on February 9, 1972
Anheuser-Busch was particularly interested in selection 6761-117,' since
their evaluator No. 1, who is Mr. F. Schwaiger, has identified this hop in
two consecutive years as the best of the triploid group. Anheuser-Busch
requested that we proceed as rapidly as possible into off-station testing
for commercial brewing application of this particular genotype. Also in
high vavor with many members of the Hop Research Subcommittee was selection
6761-61. This selection is a high alpha-acid, good-storing type, with good
yield potential, and no disease problems that we are aware of other than
its possible susceptibility to Verticillium wilt.
Because planting stock
°J,!h? triPloid selection is very limited, we plan to increase them during
1972 m preparation of initiation of off-station tests beginning in 1973.
Characteristics of Triploid Selections Evaluated by USBA
The following Information Sheets give the general characteristics of
the six triploid selections sent through USBA for evaluation in 1971:
47
INFORMATION SHEET FOR USDA
HOP SELECTION NO. 6761-61
PEDIGREE:
Tetraploid Fuggle crossed with diploid seedling male =
2/3 Fuggle triploid.
MATURITY:
Medium-late
YIELD:
Excellent:
1970, 10 "baby" plants 1,100 lbs/acre
1971, 10 mature plants 2,800 lbs/acre
GROWTH HABIT:
Vigorous growth; long sidearms, good cone set and
clustering, hopped down well.
PROPAGATION:
Normal; small increase plot planted 1971.
DISEASE REACTION:
Moderate resistance to downy mildew in greenhouse test;
no downy mildew in field 1969-70-71. Moderate suscepti
bility to Verticillium wilt.
PICKING:
Good; better than average
DRYING-BALING:
Normal
CONE TYPE:
Medium sized, Fuggle
CONE ANALYSIS:
% alpha
1969
1970
1971
10.9
n.i
10.2
type
% beta
% Oil
3.7
3.6
1.2
3.0
1.6
LUPULIN:
Plentiful, normal
AROMA:
Mild, bland, hoppy
STORAGE STABILITY:
Very good; similar to Clusters
OTHER INFORMATION:
Had 2.3% seed under heavy pollen load
48
INFORMATION SHEET FOR USDA
HOP SELECTION NO. 6761-117
PEDIGREE:
Tetraploid Fuggle crossed with diploid seedling male =
2/3 Fuggle triploid.
MATURITY:
Medium late
YIELD:
Very good:
1970, 10 "baby" plants 1,080 lbs/acre
1971, 10 mature plants 2,300 lbs/acre
GROWTH HABIT:
Vigorous, long sidearms, good cone set, good clustering
of cones.
PROPAGATION:
Readily propagated by standard methods.
Small increase
plot planted in 1971.
DISEASE REACTION:
Moderate resistance to downy mildew in greenhouse test,
1970; no mildew crown or cone infection noted in field'
1969-70-71. Moderately susceptible to Verticillium
wilt in field test. Susceptible to Verticillium wilt
in Prosser nursery.
PICKING:
Good
DRYING-BALING:
Normal
CONE TYPE:
Medium
CONE ANALYSIS:
large, Fuggl e type
% alpha
1969
1970
1971
LUPULIN:
Normal
AROMA:
Similar
~"
% beta
% Oil
8.6
7.8
4.3
3.8
1.9
8.5
3.9
1.6
to Fuggle.
Fairly in
spicy.
STORAGE STABILITY:
OTHER INFORMATION:
Fair to good; similar to Fuggle or better.
Had 2.9% seed under very heavy pollen load. Preliminary
evaluations by Anheuser-Busch and Schlitz on 1970
"baby" crop were encouraging.
49
INFORMATION SHEET FOR USDA
HOP SELECTION NO. 6769-02
PEDIGREE:
Tetraploid Fuggle Crossed with diploid seedling male
2/3 Fuggle triploid.
MATURITY:
Late
YIELD:
Excellent:
1970, 10 "baby" plants 1,480 lbs/acre
1971, 10 mature plants 3,250 lbs/acre
GROWTH HABIT:
Very vigorous; long sidearms, well hopped down, good
cone set and clustering.
PROPAGATION:
Normal; small increase plot planted 1971; 50-hill
observation plot planted with Oregon grower 1971.
DISEASE REACTION:
Resistant to downy mildew in greenhouse test; very
light mildew infection in field. Moderately suscep
tible to Verticillium wilt.
PICKING:
Average to good picker
DRYING-BALING:
Normal
CONE TYPE:
Medium to large, fairly open
CONE ANALYSIS:
LUPULIN:
% alpha
% beta
% Oil
1969
7.8
4.1
1970
7.1
3.3
1.3
1971
6.1
3.2
1.4
Normal
AROMA:
STORAGE STABILITY:
Fair to good; similar to Fuggle
OTHER INFORMATION:
3.7% seed under heavy pollen load. Poor commercial
potential in Prosser plots. Preliminary evaluation
by Anheuser-Busch not very favorable.
50
INFORMATION SHEET FOR USDA
HOP SELECTION NO. 6769-11
PEDIGREE:
Tetraploid Fuggle crossed with diploid seedling male =
2/3 Fuggle triploid.
MATURITY:
Late
YIELD:
Excellent:
1970, 10 "baby" plants 1,100 lbs/acre
1971, 10 mature plants 3,200 lbs/acre
GROWTH HABIT:
Vigorous; good sidearms, cone set and clustering.
PROPAGATION:
Normal; small increase plot planted in 1971.
DISEASE REACTION:
Very resistant to downy mildew in 1970 greenhouse testno mildew crown infection in field 1969-70-71. Moderate
resistance to Verticillium wilt in Corvallis field test.
PICKING:
Excellent picker
DRYING-BALING:
Normal
CONE TYPE:
Medium sized, dense, compact cone very resistant to
shatter.
CONE ANALYSIS:
% alpha
!969
i970
i971
LUPULIN:
5.5
6.4
5.3
beta
-578
5.8
5.4
% Oil
1.0
1.2
Plentiful, normal
AROMA:
STORAGE STABILITY:
OTHER INFORMATION:
Low; similar to Bullion
Preliminary hand evaluation by Anheuser-Busch fair rating,
Poor commercial potential in Prosser Plots.
under heavy pollen load.
3.1% seed
51
INFORMATION SHEET FOR USDA
HOP SELECTION NO. 6769-31
PEDIGREE:
Tetraploid Fuggle crossed with diploid seedling male =
2/3 triploid.
MATURITY:
Medium late
YIELD:
Very good:
1970, 10 "baby" plants 1,000 lbs/acre
1971, 10 mature plants 2,200 lbs/acre
GROWTH HABIT:
Vigorous with long sidearms, good cone set and well
hopped down.
PROPAGATION:
DISEASE REACTION:
Normal; small increase plot planted in 1971
Moderately resistant to downy mildew in greenhouse testno mildew in field in 1969-70-71. Infected with Verti-'
Clllium wilt at Prosser. Moderate wilt infectionln
Corvallis wilt plots.
PICKING:
Excellent picker
DRYING-BALING:
Normal
CONE TYPE:
Medium size; similar to Fuggle
CONE ANALYSIS:
% alpha
% Oil
7.1
1970
1971
7.0
2.2
1.3
6.8
3.6
1.4
LUPULIN:
Plentiful, normal
AROMA:
Somewhat heavy, spicy
STORAGE STABILITY:
No information
OTHER INFORMATION:
% beta
1969
3.7
Favorable evaluation by Schlitz and Coors as baby hops,
1970. Considered different from Oregon Fuggle by
Anheuser-Busch. 2.3% seed under heavy pollen load.
52
INFORMATION SHEET FOR USDA
HOP SELECTION NO.
6771-19
PEDIGREE:
Tetraploid Fuggle female crossed with a male having
Fuggle and Red Vine parentage = 3/4 Fuggle triploid.
MATURITY:
Early to midseason
YIELD:
Very good:
1970, 10 "baby" plants 700 lbs/acre
1971, 10 mature plants 2,560 lbs/acre
GROWTH HABIT:
Vigorous, good sidearms, good cone set and clustering,
PROPAGATION:
Normal.
DISEASE REACTION:
Resistant to downy mildew crown infection in 1971
greenhouse test; no crown or cone infection in field
plots, 1969-70-71. Not yet screened for Verticillium
Small increase made in 1971.
wilt reaction.
~~
PICKING:
Very good; better than most varieties
DRYING-BALING:
Heavy strig may influence drying time
CONE TYPE:
Large sized, very dense and heavy
CONE ANALYSIS:
1969
% alpha
9.0
i970
1971
8.6
8.4
% beta
4.7
4.0
4.2
% Oil
1 7
2 3
LUPULIN:
Normal, plentiful
AROMA:
Bland, but heavy; somewhat spicy
STORAGE STABILITY:
Low to medium
OTHER INFORMATION:
Preliminary hand evaluation of baby 1970 crop by
Anheuser-Busch not very favorable. Poor commercial
potential at Prosser plots. 3.1 % seed under heavy
pollen load.
53
HOP PATHOLOGY (C. E. Horner and V. Q. Perkins)
Hop Downy Mildew
About 4,000 seedlings from 7 crosses were screened in the greenhouse
for resistance to downy mildew systemic crown and shoot infection
Resis
tant survivors will make up part of the 1972 seedling field nursery
Infection ranged from a low of 32% in cross 7005 (Ace. No. 65009 x
63015 M) to 70% in cross 7006 (Ace. No. 65009 x 64035 M). Detailed data
are shown in Table 1.
A new system was used in 1971 to obtain more detailed data on the type
and severity of downy mildew infection. Four "infection classes" were
established as follows:
Class 0 = no visible systemic infection,
Class 1 = external infection of rootstock walled off and a
new epidermal layer formed,
Class 2 = light systemic infection.
Class 4 = severe systemic infection.
A disease index was calculated from the weighted averages of the infection
classes.
During the course of the mildew screening, very heavy foliar infection
developed on regrowth from the seedling crowns. Most seedlings had spikes
(systemically infected shoots) and severe leaf infection as well A few
seedlings were observed that did not have spikes and these were marked in
two crosses (7005 and 7006) that had large numbers of progeny. When the
seedling crowns were dug and evaluated for systemic crown infection, the
marked seedlings were evaluated separately to determine if an obvious rela
tionship existed between resistance to shoot infection (lack of spikes) and
resistance to systemic crown infection in crosses 7005 and 7006 (Table 1).
In cross 7005, seedlings without spikes had nearly as high an incidence
of systemic crown infection (32%) as those with spikes (44%). Further,
the incidence of severe systemic crown infection was higher in seedlings
without spikes than in those with spikes.
In cross 7006 (same female parent as 7005, but different male parent),
the number of seedlings without spikes was small (19) but there was strong'
indication of a positive correlation between resistance to shoot infection
and resistance to crown infection. Seedlings with spikes showed 70%
systemic crown infection, whereas seedlings without spikes had only 9.5%.
Further, none of the 19 seedlings without spikes had severe crown infection
(Table 1).
In another test, systemic evaluation of breeding lines and advanced
selections was continued (see 1970 AR, p. 69). In 1971, emphasis was
placed on evaluation of males for resistance to systemic downy mildew crown
infection. In this test, about 20 small rhizome pieces of each genotype
were planted in greenhouse cans and allowed to form small crowns.
In late
54
Table 1. Downy mildew reaction of 1970 crosses (1971 greenhouse seedlings).
Cross No.
i, Pedigree
No.
No.
%
Infection Classes^
Tested Healthy Infection ~0
I
2
Disease
4~
Index
7003
(65009 x 19046M)
663
328
50.5
328
201
16
111
1.07
427
239
44.0
239
132
7
49
0.80
69
32.4
69
20
1 12
1.01
167
69.9
167
175
19
9-5
19
577
386
43.1
386
100
47
44
0.64
569
269
52.7
269
235
26
39
0.78
528
328
47.9
328
164
7
29
0.56
510
316
48.0
316
97
24
73
0.86
7005
102 ^
(65009 x63015M)
7006
546
21 &
(65009 x64035M)
3
18
0
186
0
1.75
0.14
7007
(64100 x 64035M)
7008
(6751-51 x OP)
7009
(6751-72 x OP)
7010
(6751-98 x OP)
/a
Infection Classes: 0 = healthy, 1 = external infection walled off;
2 = light systemic infection, 4 = severe systemic infection.
/_b
In crosses 7005 and 7006, plants without spikes were marked and later
tested for crown infection to determine if crown and spike resistance
were associated.
55
summer, after completion of the vegetative cycle, the crowns were inoculated
by injection with downy mildew spores. After about 2 months, crowns were due
and evaluated for crown infection.
The 1971 test used 34 male genotypes and 8 females, including the named
varieties Fuggle, Bullion, and Yakima Cluster, as resistant, intermediate
and susceptible controls, respectively (Table 2). In some cases, insuffi
cient planting stock made it impossible to obtain the 20-plant level of
replication desired.
After evaluating several genotypes, especially males, it became apparent
that different types of symptoms and different types of expression of
resistance were being exhibited. The different reactions observed are
described as follows:
Healthy - no evidence of infection
Pith infection - brown streaks down the pith area only with the
same general appearance as the usual systemic
flecking.
Superficial, external infection walled off - brown areas or
lesions confined to the external 1-2 mm and
characterized by formation of a new "skin"
under the infected area and a sloughing off
of the infected area.
Light systemic infection - normal brown streaks and flecking of
the phloem parenchyma storage tissue but
confined to a limited area near the point of
inoculation.
Heavy systemic infection - brown streaking and flecking through
out most of the phloem parenchyma or total rot.
In general, if a genotype showed pith infection or superficial infection
that was the only type found. If light or heavy systemic infection occurred,
there was no pith infection or superficial infection.
Accordingly, the following disease classes were established and each
crown classified:
Class 0 = No systemic infection
Class 1-A = Pith infection
Class 1-B = External infection walled off and sloughed
Class 2 = Light systemic infection
Class 4 = Severe systemic infection
A "disease index" was then calculated as a weighted average of the disease
classes (Table 3). Based on the disease index, each genotype was classified
as resistant, moderately susceptible or susceptible (Table 3).
56
Table 2.
Individual observation on downy mildew resistance; 1971 20-can
greenhouse test.
Accession
No.
No.
tested
Healthy
Pith % Slough y
reaction
reaction
Light y
Heavy £/ Dis.k/
systemic
systemic
index
19005 M
12
11
1
0
0
19010 M
0
18
1
11
0
1
5
1.83
20
16
1
0
0
3
19040 M
0.65
10
3
5
0
2
0
19041 M
0.90
14
1
10
0
0
3
1.57
19062 M
21
19
0
0
2
0
19105
0.19
23
5
16
0
1
19151
1
20
17
0
0
3
0
19170 M
0.96
0.30
21
7
12
0
2
0
0.76
22
14
2
0
2
4
1.00
19039 M
19173 M
0.08
19182 M
19
0
0
19
0
0
19183 M
1.00
9
4
4
0
1
0
0.67
48209 (Fu)
14
10
0
0
2
51061 M
2
13
0.71
4
8
0
1
0
0.77
14
9
4
0
0
1
0.57
52040 M
52042 M
17
12
5
0
0
0
52045 M
60013 M
0.29
19
6
10
3
0
0
19
0.68
13
6
0
0
60016 M
0
0.32
4
3
0
0
0
1
1.00
6
5
0
0
0
1
0.67
60019 M
60023 M
0
0
0
0
60026 M
0.00
0
0
0
0
0.00
60028 M
12
11
1
0
0
60030 M
0
13
0.08
13
0
0
0
0
0.00
12
1
0
0
5
1.17
63012 M
18
63013 M
7
5
2
0
0
0
63015 M
0.29
21
20
1
0
0
0
0.05
64008
20
4
14
0
1
64009
1
23
1.00
12
11
0
0
0
0.48
23
0
0
2
0
0.16
64010
25
64032 M
27
0
27
0
0
64033 M
0
21
1.00
2
19
0
0
0
0.90
64034 M
29
2
25
0
1
64035 M
1
20
1.07
4
14
0
2
0
20
0.90
9
11
0
0
0
0.55
64036 M
57
Table 2 cont,
Accession
No.
Pith ^ Slough ^
No.
tested Healthy
reaction
reaction
Light y
Heavy ^
Dis. V
systemic
systemic
index
64037 M
29
10
3
15
64100 (Bu)
0
12
1
10
0
0
64101 M
0
21
2
0
0.67
16
0
5
0
1.24
0.66
64102 M
20
17
2
0
1
64103 M
0
8
0.20
7
0
0
0
1
0.50
20
11
6
0
65102 (Y.C1.) 9
65036 M
3
0
0.60
2
0
0
2
5
2.67
y Disease classes used to calculate an average Disease Index as follows:
Healthy = 0
Pith reaction
= 1-A
External infection walled off = 1-B
Light systemic infection = 2
Extensive systemic infection = 4
y
Weighted average of disease classes.
58
Table 3.
Summary of 1971 greenhouse test for downy mildew resistance
(20-can test).
Accession
No.
No.
tested
index
Disease -^/
Classification -/
19005 M
12
0.08
Resistant
19010 M
18
1.83
Mod. Susceptible
19039 M
20
0.65
Resistant
19040 M
10
0.90
19041 M
14
1.57
Mod. Susceptible
19062 M
21
0.19
Resistant
19105
23
0.96
n
19151
20
0.30
n
19170 M
21
0.76
it
19173 M
22
1.00
Mod. Susceptible
19182 M
19
1.00
19183 M
9
0.67
Mod. Susceptible
Sample too small
n
48209 (Fu)
14
0.71
Resistant
51061 M
13
0.77
ii
52040 M
14
0.57
it
52042 M
17
0.29
Resistant
52045 M
19
0.68
it
60013 M
19
0.32
n
60016 M
4
1.00
60019 M
6
0.67
Sample too small
ti
60023 M
7
0.00
60026 M
8
0.00
ii
60028 M
12
0.08
Resistant
60030 M
13
0.00
ii
63012 M
18
1.17
Mod. Susceptible
Sample too small
Sample too small
63013 M
7
0.29
63015 M
21
0.05
Resistant
64008
20
1.00
Mod. Susceptible
64009
23
0.48
Resistant
64010
25
0.16
it
64032 M
27
1.00
64033 M
21
0.90
Resistant
64034 M
29
1.07
Mod.
64035 M
20
0.90
Resistant
64036 M
20
0.55
n
Mod. Susceptible
Sus c.
59
Table 3 cont.
Accession
No.
Disease
No.
tested
index
y
Classification -/
64037 M
29
0.66
64100 (Bu)
12
64101 M
21
0.67
1.24
64102 M
20
0.20
Resistant
64103 M
8
0.50
Sample too small
65036 M
20
0.60
Resistant
9
2.67
Susceptible
65102 (Yak. Cl.;)
y
Resistant
ii
Mod. Susceptible
Disease Index calculated by assigning disease classes as follows
Healthy - class 0
Pith reaction
= class 1-A
External infection walled off and sloughed = class 1-B
Light systemic infection = class 2
Severe systemic infection = class 4
y
Classification arbitrarily assigned based on:
Disease Index less than 1 = Resistant
Disease Index between 1 and 2 - Moderately Susceptible
Disease Index 2 to more = Susceptible
60
At this point, it is difficult to say that the disease index accurately
reflects either the field resistance or the breeding behavior (transmission
of genetic resistance) of the genotypes evaluated.
Disease classes 1-A and
1-B may reflect a higher level of resistance than indicated by their contri
bution to the disease index. For example, genotypes 64032M, 64033M, 64034M
rJ u64°SM haVe disease indexes of 1.0, 0.9, 1.07, and 0.9, respectively
(lable 2). However, there was only one case of severe systemic infection
among the 97 individuals tested. Likewise, genotypes 19182M and 64037M
'
displayed a resistance reaction resulting in sloughing off the infected
area and only a single case of severe systemic infection in 48 individual
tested. These reactions (pith infection only and sloughing of infection)
may, in fact, be expressions of a high degree of resistance.
The consequence in the field of pith infection and superficial infection
needs to be determined. At present, it would seem logical to classify such
reactions as highly resistant.
Verticillium Wilt
Three advanced selections and seven triploid Fuggle selections were
evaluated m a field wilt nursery for reaction to isolate strains of
Verticillium albo-atrum (1 strain) and V. dahliae (4 strains) For a
description of strains and procedure see p. 70, 1970 AR. Criteria used
for evaluating reaction to Verticillium were percent infection (determined
by isolation culture), symptom severity, and vascular browning (Table 4).
Infection ranged for 21 to 55% among the 10 genotypes tested (Table 4)
However, there was extensive variability in reaction of different hop
genotypes to different strains of Verticillium (Table 5). For example
genotype 56013 (Cascade hop) had 80% infection when inoculated with Verticllllum strain No. 138, but only 9% with strain No. 119. Conversely
genotype 6761-61 had 73% infection by strain No. 119, but only 37% with
strain 138.
Other examples are genotypes 65009 with strains 138 and 125
and 6769-11 with strains 148 and 125.
As in previous years, Verticillium strain 138 was the most infective
and strain 95 from mint the least infective on hops. Strain 138 might seem
to be a good tester strain at first glance; however, past experience has
indicated that an occasional hop genotype will be resistant to 138 but
susceptible to some other strain. Therefore, there seems to be no alterna
tive but to test each advanced selection against those strains of Verticillium
likely to be most prevalent in commercial hop-growing areas.
Tables 6, 7, and 8 give additional summary data on infection, symptom
severity, and vascular browning.
Stem sections from 15 triploid Fuggle genotypes were received from
Mr. Zimmermann, who collected them from the Prosser nursery They were
assayed for presence of Verticillium; all were infected. These and other
observations lead to the conclusion that the triploid Fuggle selections
as a group, are mostly susceptible to Verticillium wilt.
61
Table 4,
Percent infection
Variety
of all inoculum
y
Average -'
symptom severity
strains
Percent of plants
exhibiting
Vascular Browning
62013
37.1
.40
41.7
56013
30.8
.42
52.0
65009
27.9
.66
36.0
6769-02
42.5
.65
69.6
6769-03
35.3
.69
50.0
6769-11
20.7
.58
52.2
6769-31
26.1
.50
38.1
6761-61
52.8
.68
56.0
6761-77
34.6
.50
47.8
6761-117
54.9
.62
64.0
1/
Inoculum numbers 138, 148, 125, 95, 119 from Horner collection.
2/
Severity based on the following key:
2=moderate, 3=severe, 4»dead.
0=no symptoms, 1=light,
Table 5.
Summary of Plate Readings, 1971
Inoculum No.
138 -Hops
148-Hops
125-Hops
+->
rH
s
rH
Geno
<D
0)
>
+-> •*o
to rH
>
<4H >
O
•H
3
3
O*
oS=
56013
65009
6769-02
6769-03
6769-11
6769-31
6761-61
6761-77
6761-117
65
35
50
60
55
75
55
60
Nostfe.m sectiond
45
70
46
28
45
119--Potato
+->
+->
rH
u
>
2
+->
u
>
CO
rC
+->
•H
62013
95 -Mint
to
+->
type
and Source
>
rC
rC
+->
+->
x:
•H
•H
*->
3
3
3
oSP
ds=
•H
3
40
•H
70.8
50
0
0.0
50
30
60.0
55
0
0.0
55
26
47.3
80. &
60
0
0.0
55
27
49.1
60
0
0.0
55
5
9.1
90.0
55
13
23.6
55
10
18.2
70
1
1.4
50
9
18.0
73.3
60
14
23.3
53
37
69.8
50
0
0.0
43
18
41.9
56.4
55
6
10.9
54
21
38.9
35
0
0.0
50
30
60.0
45.3
70
0
0.0
45
18
40.0
50
0
0.0
40
6
15.0
37.1
45
4
8.9
55
24
43.6
30
0
0.0
35
8
22.9
36.7-
60
28
46.7
70
55
78.6
55
5
9.1
45
33
73.3
20
44.4
50
12
24.0
50
16
32.0
40
0
0.0
50
20
40.0
48
68.6
50
18
36.0
65
55
84.6
50
10
;20.0
60
31
51.7
44
31
34
13
22
Nostfe.m wVierth.
All stems checked microscop ically
Nostfe.m sectiond
to confirm growth 0 f
oNstfe.m wVierth.
oNstfe.m
Vert icillium.
Os
63
Table 6.
Summary of Plate Reading by Genotype, 1971
Stem sections
Genotype
plated
No.
sections
with Verticillium
% of total stem
sections with Verticillium
62013
275
102
37.09
56013
250
77
30.80
65009
280
78
27.86
6769-02
266
113
42.48
6769-03
249
88
35.34
6769-11
280
58
20.71
6769-31
188
49
26.06
6761-61
290
153
52.76
6761-77
235
68
34.56
6761-117
295
162
54.92
Each stem section checked microscopically to ensure Verticillium growth
was present.
64
Table 7.
Summary of Plate Readings by Inoculum, 1971
Stem section
No. of sections
1
% of total stem
Inoculum
plated
with Verticillium
sections with Verticillium
138
550
331
60.2
148
555
95
17.2
125
552
293
53.1
95
495
16
3.2
119
483
186
38.5
Each stem section checked microscopically to ensure Verticillium growth
was present.
65
Table 8.
Summary of Symptom Severity of Selected Hop Varieties with Respect
to Strain of Verticillium Inoculum, 1971
Inoculum
Strain
138
148
125
95
119
Average
Symptom Severity
First Reading
72
.26
.26
.09
,36
Average
Symptom Severity
Second Reading
Exhibiting
Vascular Browning
.73
64.6
70
40.0
.73
71.4
.84
2.8
.89
72.3
-I Symptom severity based on following scale- 0=no
2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=dead.
Percent of Plants
symptoms, l=light,
66
APPENDIX
I
The following tables represent the summary
of cytological work done with various
crosses from the years 1968 to 1971.
They are listed here as a permanent record.
i
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Table
1 cont.
Selection
No.
Chromosome
No.
(2n)
20;19+ls
Selection
No.
Chromosome
No.
(2n)
Selection
No.
Chromosome
No.
(2n)
6751-287
40
6752-14
21
-205
21
-288
39
-16
24
-206
20
-290
21
-17
29
-207
28
-293
22
-18
40
-208
20
-295
20
-19
ii
-210
40
-298
23
-20
41
-21
22
6751-204
-213
20
-299
22
-215
40
-303
27
-22
23
-219
22
-304
29
-23
22
-220
40
-319
27
-24
40
-225
it
-323
40
-25
22
-226
ti
-327
39
-26
25
30
-227
21
-330
29
-27
-228
40
-331
40
-28
39
-229
22
-332
28
-29
27
21
-233
40
-333
21
-30
-237
24
-335
21
-31
40
-238
40
-337
22
-32
28
-239
n
-338
40
-33
41
-241
27
-339
23
-34
40
-242
29
-340
40
-35
28
-247
28
-341
26
-36
21
-250
22
-344
26
-38
41
-251
27
-348
23
-40
22
-253
40
-351
21
-43
28
-254
30
-353
40
-44
28
-255
39
-357
22
-45
40
-358
22
-46
26
-257
22;20
-258
21
-359
40
-47
40
-261
40
-368
30
-48
ii
-371
40
-49
39
-262
21
-264
22
-265
26
6752-01
-266
37
-267
20
-268
28
-269
21
-50
39
40
-52
40
-02
ti
-53
ii
-03
ii
-54
20
-04
22
-55
24
-05
40
-58
40
-274
28
-06
it
-59
ii
-276
22
-07
it
-60
it
-278
40
-08
21
-61
it
-280
21
-09
22
-62
29
-281
21
-10
40
-63
40
-11
29
-64
21
-12
40
-65
40
-13
39
-66
22
-283
-285
-286
28/29 mosaic
40
39+ls
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Table
1
Selection
No.
6769-01
cont.
Chromosome
No.
Selection
(2n)
No.
30
6769-49
1
-50
-02
Chromosome
(2n)
No.
Selection
No.
6771-01
3C
Chromosome
No.
(2n)
30
-02
4
-04
i
-05
31
6770-02
-06
30
-03
-07
31
-04
I
-08
30
-05
31
-08
31
-09
1
-06
29
-09
-10
I
-07
ii
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4
-03
-51
-03
V
-04
3C)
-05
-06
V
-07
Sc7
-08
30
-11
30
-12
40
-09
ii
-12
31
-14
30
-10
31
-13
30
-16
1
-11
30
-14
-17
-18
1
-13
-19
31
-14
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-17
-20
30
-11
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-15
-12
-16
sj/
-15
31
-18
-21
-16
30
-19
-22
-17
31
-20
31
-23
-18
30
-21
30
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-24
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-25
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-26
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-30
29
-31
30
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31
30
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30
32
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29
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30
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31
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31
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30
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78
Table 2.
Somatic chromosome numbers of selections from certain genetic
crosses made in 1968. (Ref:
Genetic Book, pp. 122-125.)
Selection No.
Chromosome No.
1968 USDA Report, p. 14; 1969
Selection No.
Chromosome No.
(2n)
(2n)
30
40
6828 -06
-02
20
-07
-03
29
-08
-04
20
-09
-05
40
-10
-06
ii
-11
-07
28
-12
-08
40
-13
-09
20
-10
27
-11
40
-16
28
-12
ii
-17
ii
-13
37
-18
30
-14
29
-19
ii
6827-01
V
-15
-15
20
-16
29
6829 -01
39
-17
21
-02
40
-18
40
-03
39
-19
n
-04
40
-20
39
-21
29
-22
40
-23
ii
-24
27
-25
40
-26
39
-27
ii
-28
28
-29
40
-30
I
-31
-32
31
-33
40
-34
30
-35
29
6828-01
30
-02
31
-03
it
-04
30
-05
29
79
Table 3.
Somatic chromosome numbers of selections from certain genetic
crosses made in 1969.
(Ref:
1969 USDA Report, pp. 9-12; 1970/71
Genetic Book, pp. 67-69, 99-116, 161-173.)
Selection
Chromosome
Selection
Chromosome
Selection
Chromosome
No.
No. (2n)
No.
No. (2n)
No.
No. (2n)
6909-01
30
6913-06
6916-08
31
-09
30
40
-08
-10
n
30
-09
-12
31
-13
30
ii
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-12
-07
-08
30
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-02
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-13
30
-14
31
-16
-15
30
-17
v
6910-01
-02
40
-03
30
ii
-14
-15
-16
31
-18
-17
30
-19
-18
1
-20
-04
-19
-20
1
-21
-05
-06
-21
31
-24
-07
-22
30
-25
31
-08
-23
1
-26
30
X
-27
s
/
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V
-10
40
-24
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43
-26
29
-29
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30
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30
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31
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40
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30
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30
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1
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29
6917-01
31
-34
30
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30
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31
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n
6914-01
20
6915-01
30
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40
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30
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31
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30
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31
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30
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31
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40
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30
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30
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31
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OOOOOOOOO
VOOOslOson4sWtOt—'
I
O
si
4s
C
r.
oo
OS
87
Table 5.
Somatic chromosome numbers of selections from a
tetraploid x diploid cross made in 1971. (Ref:
1971 USDA Report, p. 16; 1972 Genetic Book, pp.
31-33.)
Selection No.
Chromosome No.
2n
7101-01
30
-02
-03
-04
-05
-06
-08
-09
-10
-11
-12
-13
31
-14
30
-15
n
-16
31
-17
40
-18
30
-19
-20
-22
-23
-24
-25
31
30
-26
-27
-28
-30
31
-31
30
-32
-34
-35
]
Table 6.
Accession
No.
Somatic chromosome numbers of male genotypes grown in the Breeding
Block and Genetic Block in 1970. (Ref: 1972 Genetic Book, pp. 3-6.)
Location
Chromosome No.
Row:Hi 11
Accession
Location
No.
Row:Hill
Chromosome No.
54066 M
41:15-16
20
58111 M
53:13-14
20
45:15-16
60013 M
38:17-18
20
48:15-16
60019 M
39:17-18
19036 M
54:13-14
60028 M
42:17-18
19037 M
36:15-16
60030 M
43:17-18
19039 M
38:15-16
39:15-16
60031 M
44:17-18
47:13-14
48:13-14
63011 M
37:17-18
19043 M
63013 M
46:17-18
19005 M
33:13-14
19006 M
34:15-16
19007 M
44:15-16
19008 M
40:15-16
19009 M
19010 M
19040 M
19041 M
20
19044 M
49:13-14
63015 M
48:17-18
19046 M
50:13-14
63017 M
50:17-18
19047 M
51:13-14
63033 M
42:25-26
19048 M
52:13-14
19054 M
43:13-14
19058 M
34:13-14
64102 M
49:15-16
19060 M
35:13-14
64104 M
51:15-16
19061 M
37:13-14
64105 M
50:15-16
19062 M
36:13-14
64029 M
39:25-26
64032 M
44:25-26
19085 M
39:13-14
19170 M
54:15-16
64033 M
45:25-26
19172 M
33:17-18
64034 M
46:25-26
19173 M
34:17-18
19182 M
35:17-18
19183 M
36:17-18
21009 M
40:13-14
20
51060 M
42:13-14
20
51061 M
41:13-14
51101 M
46:13-14
51114 M
45:13-14
52040 M
52042 M
43:15-16
52044 M
46:15-16
52045 M
47:15-16
52046 M
52047 M
33:15-16
35:15-16
52048 M
37:15-16
42:15-16
st
1
20
•y
64035 M
47:25-26
64036 M
48:25-26
65036 M
35:25-26
65037 M
36:25-26
v
20
•v
20
vk
20
^
89
APPENDIX
II
Represents the Quality Analysis of
male genotypes from the 1971 growing
season at Corvallis
Appendix Table 1.
1971 Male Lupulin Analysis
Harvest
Genotype
19005 M
19006 M
19007 M
19008 M
19009 M
19010 M
19036 M
19037 M
19039 M
19040 M
19041 M
19046 M
Location
Date
19061 M
19062 M
%3-acid
(a+3)
a/3
Glands
whole
crush
flower
R
R
L
Serial
No.
L
27 July
11.8
60.6
73.5
0.20
52.5
1.68 P
2.56 P
1047
1 Aug.
24.4
50.4
74.8
0.48
42.4
0.91 F
1.95 F
1061
25 July
10.4
39.8
50.3
0.26
11.0
1.42 P
2.25 P
1033
23 July
31.0
35.9
66.8
0.86
21.5
1.18 F
2.20 P
1020
20 July
22.0
40.9
63.0
0.54
25.0
1.23 P
2.06 P
1034
4 Aug.
30.5
29.8
60.4
1.02
2.0
1.18 F
2.26 P
1070
54:14
20 July
13.4
47.2
60.7
0.28
20.5
0.96 F
2.55 P
1011
36:15-16
20 July
8.7
26.8
35.5
0.32
16.0
1.09 F
2.03 P
1010
38:15-16
27 July
50.1
34.3
84.4
1.46
29.0
0.93 F
0.75 F
1048
39:15-16
1 Aug.
35.4
26.6
62.0
1.33
16.6
0.52 G
0.34 G
1062
47:13-14
27 July
30.0
46.4
76.4
0.65
50.0
1.11 F
2.22 P
1049
50:13-14
25 July
36.5
0.72 G
0.76 G
1035
33:13-14
34:15-16
44:13-14
40-15-16
• 45:15-16
48:15-16
34:13-14
37:13-14
36:13-14
O
34.7
31.6
66.3
1.10
33.1
32.1
65.2
1.03
1 Aug.
36.3
42.0
78.3
0.87
56.8
1.08 F
2.64 P
1063
25 July
22.5
51.8
74.3
0.43
21.3
1.14 F
2.70 P
1050
27 July
37.1
26.6
63.8
1.39
40.0
0.68 G
0.64 G
1051
RR
19058 M
Storage
Anther
%a-acid
Appendix Table
Icont.
Storage —<
Anther
Genotype
Location
Harvest
%a-acid
%3-acid
(a+3)
a/3
Date
Glands
who le
flower
R
L
crush
L
R
Serial
No.
54:16
12
35.8
53.2
0.48
14
July
July
17.3
54:15-16
25.9
46.1
67.0
0.56
19173 M
34:17-18
22
July
20.4
44.2
64.6
0.46
33.5
1.42 P
2.44 P
1021
19182 M
35:17-18
6
Aug.
51.4
23.2
74.6
2.21
32.0
0.49 G
0.32 G
1071
19183 M
36:17-18
20
27.1
26.5
53.6
1.02
0.86 F
2.07 P
1012
29.0
32.6
61.5
0.89
0.80 F
34.3
26.2
60.5
1.31
0.81 F
0.43 G
0.62 G
1036
19170 M
1!
19
11
26
July
July
July
37.0
- -
26.0
1.20 F
--
2,04 P
--
1003
1006
1022
51060 M
42:13-14
1
Aug.
14.8
57.6
72.4
0.26
52.4
1.31 P
2.30 P
1064
51061 M
41:13-14
23
July
23.5
36.3
59.8
0.65
66.5
1.41 P
2.50 P
1037
51101 M
46:13-14
9
Aug.
25.8
48.9
74.7
0.53
26.8
1.19 F
2.25 P
1075
51114 M
45:13-14
23
July
15.6
43.4
58.9
0.36
7.5
1.94 P
2.12 P
1038
52040 M
42:15-16
1
Aug.
12.2
63.4
75.6
0.19
34.4
1.44 P
2.33 P
1065
52042 M
43:15-16
20
July
8.5
18.0
26.5
0.47
3.5
1.41 P
2.05 P
1031
52045 M
47:15-16
6
Aug.
17.7
45.3
63.0
0.39
1.4
1.22 P
2,12 P
1072
52048 M
37:15-16
23
July
15.0
42.5
57.5
0.35
24.0
0.99 F
2.46 P
1032
60019 M
39:17-18
12
July
July
July
26.0
28.3
54,3
0.92
54,0
31.6
32.5
64.1
0.97
39.4
34.6
74,0
1.14
ii
ii
14
26
--
--
_
—
--
0.79 G
,-
—
--
1.96 F
1004
1007
1039
vo
Appendix Table
Genotype
1 cont.
Location
Harvest
%a-acid
%3-acid
(a+3)
a/3
Date
Storage —'
Anther
Glands
whole
crush
flower
R
R
L
60023 M
40:17-18
23 July
24.1
30.9
55.0
0.78
77.0
1.52 P
60026 M
41:17-18
12 July
14 July
26 July
28.8
36.0
115.0
36.1
42.7
35.1
64.8
75.9
79.8
0.80
39.8
14 July
26 July
34.3
38.1
36,9
29.0
ii
it
60028 M
42:17-18
n
1.72 F
1002
1008
1.21
1.08 F
2.20 P
0.57 G
72.3
0.90
1009
1.27
1.06 F
1.88 P
1,23 F
65.9
1.87 F
1040
1.31 P
0.32 G
1054
40.4
30.7
71.1
1.31
55.4
60031 M
44:17-18
11 Aug.
38.9
38.5
77.3
1.01
57.0
21.1
63012 M
45:17-18
21 July
26 July
46.9
24.6
51.3
25.7
ii
43.2
1052
1,08 F
28 July
27 July
2.09 P
1.00 F
43:17-18
37:17-18
No.
1.10
60030 M
63011 M
Serial
L
64.3
--
--
1053
1076
0.49
20.0
0.89 F
71.5
1.91
62.5
0.87 F
1,42 F
1013
77.1
2,00
1.39 P
0.50 G
1Q56
1.13 F
0.98 F
1041
0.81
F
0.68 G
1042
2.18 P
1055
63013 M
46:17-18
21 July
38.1
32.7
70.8
1.17
51.0
63014 M
47:17-18
25 July
42.5
22.0
66.5
2.03
107.0
63015 M
48:17-18
28 July
59.7
21.4
81.0
2.79
24.5
0.57 G
0.30 G
1057
63016 M
49:17-18
1 Aug.
55.5
24.5
80.0
2.26
58.0
0.62 G
0.32 G
1066
63017 M
50:17-18
20 July
1.10 F
1,07 F
1014
1.34 P
0.47 G
1067
RR
63034 M
43:25-26
28 July
33.4
31.3
64,7
1.07
29.9
32.8
62.7
0.91
44.6
29.3
73.9
1.52
63.0
vo
to
Appendix Table
1 cont.
1/
Storage
Anther
Genotype
Location
Harvest
%a-acid
%3-acid
(a+3)
a/3
Date
64027 M
37:25-26
20
July
36.9
32.1
32.9
69.7
1.12
36.9
66.0
0.87
July
26.2
33.3
59.5
0.79
RR
23.6
34.8
58.4
0.68
RR
64028 M
38:25-26
20
Glands
who]Le
flower
R
L
crush
R
Serial
L
No.
88.0
1.22
F
0.47 G
1016
19.0
0.98 F
1.48 F
1024
64029 M
39:25-26
20
July
35.8
37.2
73.0
0.96
31.0
0.73 G
1.11
F
1045
64031 M
41:25-26
20
July
34.6
35.5
70.2
0.98
33.0
1.00 F
1.17 F
1025
64032 M
44:25-26
20
July
10.4
44.5
54.9
0.23
23.0
1.33 P
1.42 F
1026
64033 M
45:25-26
20
July
25.1
31.6
56.7
0.79
20.0
0.88 F
2.09 P
1027
64034 M
46:25-26
20
July
38.0
20.7
58.7
1.84
23.5
1.17 F
0.30 G
1028
64035 M
47:25-26
20
July
30.4
18.7
49.2
1.62
19.5
0.80 F
0.91 F
1029
64036 M
48:25-26
27
July
35.7
37.7
73.5
0.95
30.0
1.40 P
2.30 P
1058
64037 M
49:25-26
20
July
24.4
36.5
60.9
0.67
19.5
1.33 P
2.18 P
1030
64101 M
53:15-16
27
July
39.3
20.7
60.0
1.90
21.0
0.75 G
0.37 G
1059
64102 M
49:15-16
21
July
32.8
28.6
61.4
1.15
30.0
0.96 F
0.40 G
1015
64103 M
52:15-16
20
30.0
34.5
64.5
0.87
26,5
25
July
July
38.8
34.7
73.5
1.12
25
July
15.7
9.3
25.0
1.68
VO
w
tt
64104 M
51:15-16
11.5
1.22 P
2.02 P
1018
0.85 F
2.07 P
1043
Q.81 F
0.68 G
1044
Appendix Table 1 cont.
Storage —
Anther
Genotype
Location
64105 M
50:15-16
65035 M
34:25-26
n
65036 M
35:26
35:25-26
Harvest
%a-acid
%3-acid
(a+3)
a/3
20
July
34.9
32.7
67.6
20
July
July
15.4
37.0
52.4
0.42
21.6
34.4
56.0
July
July
15.8
33.0
15.3
34.3
21
9
12
1.07
Glands
whole
crush
flower
R
R
L
26.5
0.89 F
0.63
16.5
48.8
0.48
50.0
1.58 P
49.6
0.45
--
L
Serial
No.
1.69 F
1017
1.06 F
2.18 P
1019
0.79 G
2.15 P
1046
--
2.49 P
1001
2.11 P
1005
65037 M
36:25-26
1
Aug.
43.2
30.2
73.4
1.43
47.6
1.00 F
D.35 G
1068
6305-08 M
51:17-18
21
July
34.8
44.1
78.9
0.79
16.5
1.10 F
0.80 F
1023
6321-10 M
52:17-18
1
Aug.
58.4
14.6
73.0
4.01
24.2
0.88 F
2.15 P
1060
6321-11
M
53:17-18
9
Aug.
34.7
44.8
79.4
0.77
83.5
0.90 F
2.43 P
1073
6322-10 M
54:17-18
9
Aug.
13.7
52.1
70.8
0.24
42.8
1.11 F
2.12 P
1074
1
Aug.
6.5
63.3
69.8
0.10
55.6
0.56 G
2.21 P
1069
6804-09 M
1:26
y By accelerated oxidation trials (AR 1970). R= A275/A325 after exposure to 85°C.
L = letter designation of stability; G=good, F=fair, and P=poor (See charts defining
letter disignation).
RR = re-run for a and 3-acids analysis.
to
4s
95
MINT INVESTIGATIONS
C.
E.
Horner
Introduction
During 1971, work was concentrated on final evaluation, propagation, and
release of wilt-resistant peppermint strain 58, now named Todd's Mitcham.
Yields per acre of Todd's Mitcham and other strains in our commercial-sized
plots were: Todd's Mitcham, 81 lbs; Mitcham, 73 lbs; strain 92, 81 lbs; and
strain 3202, 74 lbs.
Verticillium wilt incidence in these plots has consis
tently decreased in Todd's Mitcham and increased in Mitcham since the first
crop in 1968, Again in 1971, approximately 40 pounds of oil of each strain
and Mitcham were obtained by commercial distillation for evaluation by
industry users.
New Peppermint Variety Released
Todd's Mitcham peppermint was officially released as a new crop variety
on January 6, 1972. The official Release Notice and data substantiating
statements in the Notice follow:
The Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis, Oregon
The Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman, Washington
A. M. Todd Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan
and
The United States Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service
Plant Science Research Division
Beltsville, Maryland
NOTICE OF RELEASE OF TODD'S MITCHAM, A STRAIN OF PEPPERMINT
RESISTANT TO VERTICILLIUM WILT
The above named agencies announce release of a Verticillium wilt-resistant
strain of peppermint named Todd's Mitcham. Todd's Mitcham is the first new
peppermint variety to be released in the United States. It was developed by
M. J. Murray, A. M. Todd Company, by radiation breeding within the cultivar
Mitcham.
Briefly, Mitcham stolons were x- and neutron-irradiated at
Brookhaven National Radiation Laboratory in 1955-1959. Irradiated stolons
were planted in a field heavily infested with Verticillium albo-atrum var.
menthae. By the sixth year, wilt had reduced the population 99%, and about
58,000 nonwilt selections were made and tested as single clones.
Todd's Mitcham, formerly known as Strain 58, was regionally tested for three
years at Medaryville, Indiana, Corvallis, Oregon, and Prosser, Washington.
In these tests, Todd's Mitcham consistently yielded as much or more than
Mitcham in established plantings. Six years of tests at Corvallis, Oregon,
and field tests for several years in Indiana have demonstrated that Todd's
Mitcham is not different from Mitcham in quality. Product tests by the
major U. S. users of peppermint oil have been satisfactory.
96
Todd's Mitcham has slightly darker green herbage color, slightly smaller
leaves, a more erect and less branched habit, and is about seven days earlier
in maturity than Mitcham. Todd's Mitcham is most suitable for planting in
areas infested with Verticillium wilt; in wilt-free areas, it has no advan
tage over Mitcham.
It is adapted to all current peppermint producing areas
of the United States.
Approximately 18 acres of certified planting stocks are available in
Washington and eight acres in Oregon. A list of growers having certified
stock can be obtained from the Oregon State Seed and Plant Certification
Office, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, the Irrigated Agriculture
Research and Extension Center, Prosser, Washington, or Washington State
Department of Agriculture, Yakima. The A. M. Todd Company and the U. S.
Department of Agriculture will not distribute planting stock.
The agreed upon date for simultaneous release will be January 6, 1972.
/S/
G. B. WOOD
12/22/71
Director,
Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station
/S/
JAMES NIELSON
Date
12/17/71
Director,
Washington Agricultural Experiment Station
/S/
WINSHIP A. TODD
Date
1/4/72
Vice President,
A. M. Todd Company
/S/
H. 0. GRAUMANN
Date
1/6/72
Director,
Plant Science Research Division
Date
97
Appendix to Release Notice,
Giving Substantiating Data
Table 1. Yield of Todd's Mitcham (Strain 58) Peppermint in Indiana,
Oregon, and Washington, 1968-1971.
Oil yie Id (pounds/ acre)
Year
Variety
Todd's Mitcham
Indiana
41
1968
Oregon
Washing ton
64
Average
53
1/
Mitcham
28
49
Todd's Mitcham
33
77
100
70
Mitcham
32
76
105
71
Todd's Mitcham
53
75
68
65
75
77
54
81
106
94
73
106
90
-
39
1969
1970
2/
Mitcham
Todd's Mitcham
10
-•
1971
Mitcham
1/
2/
—
Moderate wilt damage,
Severe wilt damage; not harvested; yield estimated,
98
Tabic 2.
Quality of Todd's Mitcham Peppermint Oil,
Quality Components (%)
Variety
Year
1968
Todd's
1969
Mitcham
1970
Location
Mitcham
1969
1970
Alcohols
53
Esters
Menthofuran
8.9
5.8
Indiana
22
Oregon
Washington
23.7
Indiana
20
Oregon
Washington
22.7
14.1
Indiana
28
7.2
2.4
29.9
50
49.3
5.0
1.1
8.6
64.1
8.5
6.1
Oregon
Washington
1968
Ketones
53.8
6.6
5.1
61.2
8.3
3.2
57.7
8.8
4.4
58.2
6.8
1.7
61.3
9.8
6.0
Indiana
27
51
8.1
4.6
Oregon
Washington
23.8
55.4
7.9
3.3
60.5
9.3
3.5
Indiana
23.9
54.4
Oregon
Washington
22.4
58.1
6.7
7.8
1.3
14.2
60.7
9.4
5.4
Indiana
24
46
7.4
2.6
50.8
5.5
0.9
59.7
9.1
5.0
Oregon
Washington
-
28.0
13.1
3.2
99
Table 3.
Resistance of Todd's Mitcham Peppermint to Verticillium
wilt at Corvallis,
Oregon.
Wilt
Year
Todd's Mitcham
(%)
Mitcham
1965
0
(G)
1966
12
(F)
80 (F)
16
12
(F)
(G)
84 (F)
95 (G)
1968
9
(F)
40 (F)
1969
5
(F)
37 (F)
1967
Average
—
1/
Infection
G = Greenhouse test;
Table 4.
9
40 (G)
63
F = Field test
Incidence of Verticillium wilt in large plots (20 x 1500 ft.)
of Todd's Mitcham and Mitcham, Albany, Oregon. 1/
Infected plants per 1000 sq.ft.
Year
Todd's Mitcham
Mitcham
1968
9
2f
1969
12
78
1970
5
106
1971
3
360
— To reduce spread of wilt, all plots were flamed each year after
harvest and were not plowed or cultivated.
100
Propagation of certified planting stock of Todd's Mitcham, strains 92
and 3202 was done in early spring and plants were supplied certified
growers for initial field propagation.
After it was decided that Todd's
Mitcham would be the stain released, it became necessary to remove or
recall stocks of the other strains.
Only about 8 acres of Todd's Mitcham
planting stock will be available for 1972 plantings, and most of this
stock will be increased again rather than sold to commercial growers.
Todd's Mitcham should be most useful in the Central Oregon Madras area
and in the Yakima Valley of Washington where control of wilt by other
means is difficult.
The main virtue of Todd's Mitcham is resistance to Verticillium wilt.
In various greenhouse tests over six years wilt in Todd's was averaged 9%
vs. 63% in Mitcham. In the field, the story is 5% for Todd's and 40%
for Mitcham. Under fall flaming, wilt incidence declines in Todd's and
increases slowly in Mitcham. In Central Oregon we expect that Todd's will
very gradually get wilt over a period of 5-6 years. In that area a long
term rotation should be planned.
The new mint is highly susceptible to rust and normal controls must
be applied.
World Mentha Collection Obtained
Arrangements were made with Dr. Murray for the transfer of the A. M. Todd
Company's collection of mints to the U. S. Department of Agriculture and
Oregon State University. Those agencies will be responsible for maintaining
the collection of some 700 species, varieties, and genetic typies of mints
in the public interest. Approximately 450 strains have been transferred
and are growing in our greenhouse. The collection will be maintain in a
field planting beginning in 1972.
The Mentha collection will be maintained jointly by Oregon Agricultural
Experiment Station and Plant Science Research Division, ARS, USDA, under
terms of Memorandum of Understanding as follows:
101
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
between the
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
OF OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
and the
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
PLANT SCIENCE RESEARCH DIVISION
relative to
Preservation and Maintenance of Species, Varieties,
and Germ Plasm of Mint
The Agricultural Experiment Station of Oregon State University (hereinafter
called the Station) and the Plant Science Research Division, Agricultural
Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture (hereinafter
called the Division) agree to cooperate in a program for the preservation
and maintenance of species, varieties, and germ plasm of the genus Mentha.
It is the intention of the parties to this agreement that the Mentha collec
tion shall be maintained jointly by the Division and the Station for the
benefit of the entire mint industry and for the general benefit of people
of the United States.
A.
The Station Agrees:
1. To furnish land, irrigation, and equipment necessary to maintain
the Mentha collection as may be mutually agreed upon.
2. To provide office, laboratory, and greenhouse space as may be
mutually agreed upon.
B.
The Division Agrees:
1.
To provide necessary professional and technical personnel to cata
log, plant, and maintain the Mentha collection as mutually agreed upon.
2. To make available to scientists, institutions, or persons, planting
stock of Mentha genotypes that might be useful in agricultural research.
C.
It is Mutually Understood and Agreed:
1. The research program under this agreement shall be jointly planned
and conducted by the parties hereto and data which are compiled under this
agreement shall be shared and mutually interchanged by the parties.
2. Either of the parties shall be free to furnish such equipment as
may be needed and otherwise unavailable. Equipment purchased from Federal
funds shall remain the property of the United States Department of Agri
culture, subject to removal or other disposition at any time. Equipment
purchased by the Station shall remain the property of the Station, subject
to its disposition.
102
3. Either of the parties to this agreement shall be free to use in of
ficial correspondence any of the results obtained in the undertaking, giv
ing due credit to the other party. It is understood that neither of the
parties will publish any results without consulting the other.
Publication
may be joint or independent as may be agreed upon, always giving due credit
to the cooperation and recognizing within proper limits the rights of the
individuals doing the work. In case of failure to agree as to manner of
publication or interpretation of results, either party may publish data
after due notice and submission of the proposed manuscripts to the other.
In such instances, the party publishing the data will give due credit to
the cooperation but will assume full responsibility for any statements on
which there is a difference of opinion.
4.
This Memorandum of Understanding is to define in general terms the
basis on which the parties concerned will cooperate and does not constitute
a financial obligation to serve as a basis for expenditures. Each party
will handle and expend its own funds. Any and all expenditures from Feder
al funds in the Department of Agriculture made in conformity with the plans
outlined in this Memorandum of Understanding must be in accord with Depart
ment rules and regulations and in each instance based upon appropriate fi
nance papers.
Expenditures made by the Station will be in accord with its
rules and regulations.
Funds of a cooperating party shall not be expended by a Federal employee,
even though the cooperating party has no representatives stationed in the
locality. A Federal employee may handle the accounts but shall forward
the vouchers to the authorized agent of the cooperating party for payment.
Cooperating parties should not send checks payable to Federal employees or
send them checks payable to "Cash" or "Bearer" for payment of local ex
penses.
5. The patent provisions applicable to this agreement are attached
hereto as Exhibit A and made a part hereof.
6. Plants, seeds, and plant materials used in this cooperative under
taking will be provided.by the parties from time to time as mutually agreed
upon. Such plants, seeds, and plant materials produced hereunder as may
not be needed in this undertaking but may be needed in other research con
ducted by either party, shall be available to such party. New varieties or
strains obtained through the cooperation shall be distributed for commer
cial growing as and when mutually agreed upon.
7. That the responsibilities assumed by each of the cooperating par
ties are contingent upon funds being available from which the expenditures
legally may be met.
No member of or delegate to Congress, or resident commissioner, shall be
admitted to any share or part of this agreement or to any benefit that may
arise therefrom, unless it be made with a corporation for its general bene
fit.
103
This Memorandum of Understanding shall become effective November 15, 1971,
and shall continue indefinitely, but may be modified or discontinued at the
request of either of the parties.
Requests for termination or any major
change shall be submitted to the other party for consideration not less tha
30 days in advance of the effective date desired.
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION
OF OREGON
STATE UNIVERSITY
CORVALLIS, OREGON 97331
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
Acting Deputy Administrator
T
_> t
104
Spearmint Rust Control
Spearmint production has been increasing in Oregon. One of the limiting
factors in successful production will be rust, especially on Native Spearmint.
Native has its own strain of rust that will not go to peppermint; nor will
the peppermint strain go to Native. Scotch Spearmint, however, is susceptible
to both the Native and the peppermint rust races.
Rust control in spearmint is more difficult than for peppermint. The
entire life cycle of peppermint rust is aboveground. With spearmint rust,
the rhizome buds become systemically infected and the infection moves
belowground where we cannot get at it with heat or chemicals.
There is a weak point in the spearmint rust life cycle though: rhizome
buds have to be reinfected each year. Work in Washington and here indicated
that this occurs in October and November. If we destroy the inoculum before
rhizome infection takes place, we will have "broken" the life cycle resulting
in control We have a series of experiments under way to determine when and
who to do this. Present information suggest that flaming between October 1
and 20 will do the job.