Supplementary Figures
100
80
60
0
20
40
% Detections Recorded
Figure S1. Mean percentage (± standard deviation) of detections recorded as a function of the distance
between the test tag and the acoustic receiver.
200
400
600
800
1000
Distance from Receiver (m)
Figure S2. Mean number (± standard error) of unique center-of-activity locations as a function of the
time interval used in the calculation.
1
Supplementary Tables
Table S1. Model selection for the summer average depth during the day, based on the Akaike’s
information criteria (AIC) and Akaike weights (w i ). The 95% confidence set of models (cumulative
weights > 0.95) is presented in bold. AIC differences (Δ i ) and cumulative weights (cum w i ) are also
shown.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
T1m vs T19m
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
Fish
Fish
T1m|Year/Fish
T1m|Year/Fish
Year/Fish
Fish
None
T1m|Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
T1m
T19m
T1m + Up + Prec + Len + T1mxLen + UpxT1m
"
"
"
"
Up + T1m + Len + T1mxLen + UpxT1m
Up + T1m + Len + Up * T1m
Up + T1m + Len + T1m * Len
Up + T1m + Len
Up + T1m
Up + T1m + Len + Prec
Up + T1m + Prec
Up + Prec
Up
Up + Len
T1m
Prec
Len
AIC
Δi
w i Cum w i
80,914
0
81,238
323
70,609
0
77,661 7,053
79,693 9,084
80,819 10,210
87,975 17,366
70,572
0 1.00
70,586
13 0.00
70,656
84 0.00
70,670
98 0.00
70,671
98 0.00
70,671
99 0.00
70,671
99 0.00
70,687
115 0.00
70,687
115 0.00
70,687
115 0.00
70,720
148 0.00
70,735
163 0.00
70,736
163 0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Abbreviations: T1m, temperature at 1 m depth, i.e. surface temperature (°C); T19m, temperature at 19
m depth, i.e. bottom temperature (°C); DifT, difference between surface and bottom temperatures
(°C); Up, upwelling (2 categories: 1=presence, 2=absence); Prec, precipitation (mm), Len, fish body
size (cm); jul, julian day, starting in January 1st of the tagging year; year, year (4 levels: 2008, 2009,
2011, 2012); dnc, did not converge. Random effects and temporal autocorrelation terms follow the Rfunction lme (library nlme) syntax.
Table S2. Model selection for summer average depth at night. See Table S1 for abbreviations.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
T1m vs T19m
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
Fish
Fish
T1m|Year/Fish
T1m|Year/Fish
Year/Fish
Fish
None
T1m|Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
T1m
T19m
T1m + Up + Prec + Len + T1mxLen + UpxT1m
"
"
"
"
Len + T1m + Up + Prec + T1mxLen + UpxT1m
Len + T1m + Up + Prec + Up * T1m
Len + T1m + Up + Prec + T1m * Len
Len + T1m + Up + Prec
Len + T1m + Prec
Len + T1m + Up
Len + T1m
Len + Prec
Len + Up
Len
T1m
Prec
Up
AIC
Δi
w i Cum w i
80,965
0
81,342
378
69,921
0
77,816 7,895
79,517 9,596
80,839 10,918
86,716 16,795
69,883
0 1.00
69,900
17 0.00
69,969
85 0.00
69,986
102 0.00
69,986
103 0.00
69,988
104 0.00
69,988
105 0.00
69,996
113 0.00
69,998
115 0.00
69,998
115 0.00
69,999
115 0.00
70,007
124 0.00
70,009
125 0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2
Table S3. Model selection for summer diel vertical migration. See Table S1 for abbreviations.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
T1m vs T19m
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
T19m
T1m
T19m + DifT + Prec + Len
"
"
"
"
"
T19m + Len + DifT
T19m + Len + DifT + Prec
T19m + Len
T19m + Len + Prec
T19m + DifT
T19m
T19m + Prec
DifT
Len
Prec
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
Fish
Fish
T19m|Year/Fish *
Year/Fish
T19m|Year/Fish
Year/Fish
Fish
None
Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
AIC
75,478
76,156
72,556
72,899
73,955
75,047
75,468
81,963
72,869
72,869
72,887
72,888
72,899
72,917
72,918
72,955
74,094
74,124
Δi
w i Cum w i
0
678
0
343
1,399
2,491
2,912
9,407
0
0
18
19
30
48
49
86
1,225
1,256
0.55
0.45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.55
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
* This model did not converge during model selection of fixed effects. The next best random structure
was therefore used.
Table S4. Model selection for summer activity level. See Table S1 for abbreviations.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
T1m vs T19m
ML
Up vs DifT
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
T19m|Year/Fish *
Year/Fish
T19m|Year/Fish
Year/Fish
Fish
None
Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
T19m
T1m
Up
DifT
T19m + DifT + Prec + Len
"
"
"
"
"
Len + Prec
Len
Len + Prec + Up
Len + Up
Prec
Up
Len + Prec + T19m + Up
Len + T19m
Len + Prec + T19m
T19m
AIC
-2,928
-2,912
-2,931
-2,896
-5,270
-4,951
-4,030
-3,106
-2,875
468
-5,087
-5,087
-5,086
-5,086
-5,082
-5,080
-5,023
-5,008
-5,006
-5,003
Δi
w i Cum w i
0
16
0
35
0
319
1,240
2,164
2,395
5,738
0
0
1
1
6
7
64
79
81
85
0.33
0.30
0.18
0.17
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.33
0.63
0.80
0.97
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
* This model did not converge during model selection of fixed effects. The next best random structure
was therefore used.
3
Table S5. Model selection for average distance moved in summer. See Table S1 for abbreviations.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
T1m vs T19m
ML
Up vs DifT
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
T19m|Year/Fish *
Year/Fish
T19m|Year/Fish
Year/Fish
Fish
None
Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Fish)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
T19m
T1m
DifT
Up
T19m + DifT + Prec + Len
"
"
"
"
"
T19m + DifT + Len + Prec
T19m + DifT + Len
T19m + DifT + Prec
T19m + DifT
T19m + Len
T19m + Prec
T19m
DifT
Len
Prec
AIC
68,421
68,859
68,724
69,827
65,000
65,160
67,566
68,406
68,611
74,569
65,123
65,124
65,127
65,129
65,164
65,168
65,168
65,169
66,220
66,222
Δi
w i Cum w i
0
438
0
1,103
0
160
2,566
3,406
3,611
9,569
0
1
4
5
41
45
45
45
1,097
1,099
0.57
0.32
0.07
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.57
0.89
0.96
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
* This model did not converge during model selection of fixed effects. The next best random structure
was therefore used.
Table S6. Model selection for winter average depth at day. See Table S1 for abbreviations.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
T1m vs T19m
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
Fish
Fish
T1m|Year/Fish *
Year/Fish
T1m|Year/Fish
Year/Fish
Fish
None
Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
T1m
T19m
T1m + Up + Prec + Len
"
"
"
"
"
T1m + Len + Prec + Up
T1m + Len
T1m + Len + Prec
T1m + Len + Up
T1m
T1m + Prec
T1m + Up
Len
Prec
Up
AIC
29414.79
30793.36
25949
26014.4
28446.27
29429.81
30577.29
33374.19
25985.33
25991.23
25992.21
25993.08
25995.92
25996.9
25997.79
27465.42
27471.22
27472.3
Δi
w i Cum w i
0
1,379
0
65
2,497
3,481
4,628
7,425
0
6
7
8
11
12
12
1,480
1,486
1,487
0.90
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.90
0.94
0.97
0.99
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
* This model did not converge during model selection of fixed effects. The next best random structure
was therefore used.
4
Table S7. Model selection for winter average depth at night. See Table S1 for abbreviations.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
T1m vs T19m
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
T1m
T19m
T1m + Up + Prec + Len
"
"
"
"
"
T1m + Up
T1m
T1m + Prec
T1m + Up + Prec
T1m + Up + Len
T1m + Len
T1m + Up + Prec + Len
Up
Prec
Len
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
Fish
Fish
Year/Fish
T1m|Year/Fish
Year/Fish
Fish
None
T1m|Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
None
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
AIC
Δi
w i Cum w i
27852.52 -53,112
29647.29 -51,317
22922.58
0
dnc
27869.67 4,947
29648.6 6,726
31893.63 8,971
dnc
22898.24
0 0.24
22898.46
0 0.21
22898.99
1 0.16
22899.08
1 0.16
22900.24
2 0.09
2 0.08
22900.46
22901.08
3 0.06
24404.14 1,506 0.00
24410.63 1,512 0.00
24411.56 1,513 0.00
0.24
0.45
0.62
0.78
0.86
0.94
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Table S8. Model selection for winter diel vertical migration. See Table S1 for abbreviations.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
T1m vs T19m
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
Fish
Fish
T1m|Year/Fish *
Year/Fish
T1m|Year/Fish
Year/Fish
Fish
None
Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
T19m
T1m
T19m + DifT + Prec + Len
"
"
"
"
"
T1m + DifT + Len
T1m + DifT + Len + Prec
T1m + DifT
T1m + DifT + Prec
T1m + Len
T1m
T1m + Prec
DifT
Prec
Len
AIC
27623.24
28806.78
26053.41
26472.4
27260.92
27612.22
27938.25
29819.23
26048.75
26050.68
26064.27
26066.2
26066.87
26082.33
26084.28
26089.43
27670.2
27686.8
Δi
w i Cum w i
0
1,184
0
419
1,208
1,559
1,885
3,766
0
2
16
17
18
34
36
41
1,621
1,638
0.72
0.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.72
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
* This model did not converge during model selection of fixed effects. The next best random structure
was therefore used.
5
Table S9. Model selection for winter activity level. See Table S1 for abbreviations.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
T1m vs T19m
ML
Up vs DifT
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
T19m
T1m
DifT
Up
T19m + DifT + Prec + Len
"
"
"
"
Len + Prec
Len + Prec + Up
Len
Len + T1m
Prec
Len + Prec + DifT
T1m
Len + Prec + Up + DifT
Len + DifT
DifT
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
T1m|Year/Fish *
Year/Fish
T1m|Year/Fish
Fish
None
Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
AIC
-2096.373
-2086.629
-2109.239
-2035.789
-3709.222
-3642.269
-2786.246
-2057.82
-1016.686
-3767.546
-3766.332
-3765.327
-3764.145
-3762.865
-3759.975
-3759.405
-3758.406
-3757.507
-3752.746
Δi
w i Cum w i
0
10
0
73
0
67
923
1,651
2,693
0
1
2
3
5
8
8
9
10
15
0.45
0.25
0.15
0.08
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.70
0.85
0.93
0.97
0.98
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
* This model did not converge during model selection of fixed effects. The next best random structure
was therefore used.
Table S10. Model selection for average distance moved in winter. See Table S1 for abbreviations.
Model selection for Method Fixed effects
Random effects
Temporal autocorrelation term
T1m vs T19m
ML
Up vs DifT
ML
Random structure
REML
Fixed structure
ML
Fish
Fish
Fish
Fish
T1m|Year/Fish *
Year/Fish
T1m|Year/Fish
Year/Fish
Fish
None
Year/Fish
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
corAR1(form=~Jul|Year/Fish)
None
None
None
None
corAR1(form=~Jul|Fish)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
T1m
T19m
DifT
Up
T1m + DifT + Prec + Len
"
"
"
"
"
DifT + T1m + Len
DifT + T1m
DifT + T1m + Len + Prec
DifT + T1m + Prec
DifT + Len
DifT
DifT + Prec
T1m
Len
Prec
AIC
26356.82
27588.15
26396.79
28346.27
24834.26
24888.02
25857.15
26154
26355.4
28524.54
24859.36
24860.64
24860.96
24862.23
24873.79
24875.82
24877.67
24880.32
26542.55
26545.43
Δi
w i Cum w i
0
1,231
0
1,949
0
54
1,023
1,320
1,521
3,690
0
1
2
3
14
16
18
21
1,683
1,686
0.45
0.24
0.20
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.69
0.89
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
* This model did not converge during model selection of fixed effects. The next best random structure
was therefore used.
6