A Period of Progress that led to
Reform
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaQanbEyuc
Y
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What problems (economic, social,
moral and political) developed as a
result of urbanization and
industrialization?
How did the Progressive Reforms
(economic, social, moral and
political) change America?
Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives
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http://www.history.com/topics/new-yorkcity/videos/jacob-riis
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The Problems of Urbanization reading with
graphic organizer
38b. The Underside of Urban Life reading
with questions (completed)
Violence
& Crime
Political
Machines
Problems
in
The Cities
Ethnic
group and
immigrant
issues
Unsanitary
Conditions
Overcrowding
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Settlement House Movement:
Social Gospel movement (salvation
through service to the poor)
 Jane Addams & Hull House in Chicago
1889: community centers that provided
educational, cultural and social services
 Literacy, nursing, classes, furniture,
food, etc.
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YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association)
 Built libraries and exercise rooms
Salvation Army (“slum brigades”)
 Fed poor people and had nurseries for kids
Florence Kelley
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Campaigned for improving factory conditions for
women and kids
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1st moral issue:
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Prohibition
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
(Chicago 1873)
 245,000 members in 1911
 Worked for suffrage
 Reached out to immigrants
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Anti-Saloon League
 DEMON RUM: “undermining American
culture and democracy”
• born in Kentucky;
1st husband an
alcoholic
• described herself as "a
bulldog running along
at the feet of Jesus,
barking at what he
doesn't like."​
• Arrested 30 times​
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18th Amendment in 1920…more on that later
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Remember:
Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls
National American Woman Suffrage
Association
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First presidential candidate in 1872!
Successes out West (Wyoming, Utah)
http://www.biography.com/people/susan-banthony-194905/videos/susan-b-anthony-apowerful-friend-2080100510
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19th Amendment - Right to vote
extended to women.
 But not until 1920!
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1. What technological development of the mid-19th
century most revolutionized the US steel industry?
A. Electricity
C. Bessemer Process
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B. Steam Power Engines
D. Vulcanization
2. Which BEST describes how the steel industry
revolutionized cities in the late 1800’s?
A. It didn’t; steel was used exclusively for railroad tracks.
B. Most cities were unaffected because 75% of steel
production occurred overseas.
C. Homes began to be built out of steel.
D. Buildings got taller and bridges expanded over greater
distances.
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3. Which of the following best explains why the
“Captains of Industry” were often referred to as
“robber barons”:
A. They developed their industrial innovations through
stealing others’ ideas.
B. They were seen as selfish and unwilling to give to
others.
C. They built their empires at the expense of the
workers.
D. They had no interest in helping America develop and
prosper; they were only concerned with their
individual empires.
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4. Which best describes the urbanization of
America in the late 1800’s/early 1900’s?
A. Cities began to spread outward as immigrants
settled in suburbs.
B. Cities began to grow upwards due to limited
space and innovations such as the elevator.
C. The immigrant poor were able to settle in
established neighborhoods throughout the city.
D. Only the very wealthy and middle classes tended
to settle in the urban areas.
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The forgotten reform…..remember the legacy
of Reconstruction.
Booker T. Washington:
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07cispyOhWQ&
app=desktop
"Up from Slavery"
Willing to trade political rights for economic rights.
Focused on education and skills for blacks.
(Tuskegee Institute)
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W.E.B. DuBois:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wemGET
djx0w&app=desktop
"Souls of Blackfolk"
Believed blacks HAD to fight for political
rights; diagreed with BTW
Founded the NAACP (National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People—
major civil rights organization)
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Ida B. Wells worked to fight lynching:
From 1882-1968, 4,743 lynchings occurred in the
United States. Of these people that were lynched
3,446 were black. Many not recorded!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8Qr62p
ANjc&app=desktop
Pushed the government to pass antilynching laws
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Reflect on all of the Tycoons (gallery walk and
videos)
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Horizontal Integration: Rockefeller & Standard
Oil
Vertical Integration: Carnegie & US Steel
He bought railroad companies and iron
mines. If he owned the rails and the
mines, he could reduce his costs and
produce cheaper steel.
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Prices are too high and production is too low
The tactics used to establish monopoly power, such as
driving competitors out of business or thwarting
potential entrants, can also cause considerable harm to
households who own the businesses that are forced to
close their doors.
A firm with deep pockets can set prices below costs and
absorb losses until competitors can no longer survive.
Then, once the competition is eliminated, the surviving
firm can raise prices high enough to more than cover the
losses it took
They can have considerable political influence and the
ability to "capture" the political and regulatory process
They can get health and safety regulations removed, have
licensing requirements imposed that make it harder for
new firms to enter a market, avoid state sales taxes for
online retailers, or get invited to speak at congressional
hearings on matters such as immigration and corporate
taxation.
Bottom line: TOO MUCH POWER & INFLUENCE
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Railroads:
Interstate Commerce Act (ICC) - could only sue
companies, not set rates
 Roosevelt takes on Northern Securities—and wins
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 http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/theodore-
roosevelt/videos/theodore-roosevelt-vs-corporate-america#
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Hepburn Act: limited free passes, gave ICC power to set max
rates
Trust-Busting (Regulating):
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
 Clayton Anti-Trust Act
 TR files 44 antitrust suits
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1. Which best describes the impact of the
typewriter on American society?
A. Young children were brought into the workforce
in large numbers.
B. Women were brought into the workforce in
much larger numbers.
C. It completely destroyed the new telephone
industry.
D. It allowed factory workers to gain more union
support.
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2. Vertical integration was the business style of
_______________________ and it involved:
A. John D. Rockefeller; buying up his competition.
B. Andrew Carnegie; purchasing the industries
associated with the raw materials and production
methods of his industry.
C. J.P. Morgan; eliminating his competition
D. Andrew Carnegie; buying up his competition.
SOCIAL DARWINISM:
Social Darwinism was the
application of Charles
Darwin`s scientific theories of
evolution and natural
selection to contemporary
social development—and to
people. In nature, only the
fittest survived—so too in the
marketplace. This form of
justification was
enthusiastically adopted by
many American businessmen
as scientific proof of their
superiority. The poor were
responsible for their fate.
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GOSPEL OF WEALTH:
The Gospel of Wealth, or
sometimes the Gospel of
Success, was the term for a
notion promoted by many
successful businessmen that
their massive wealth was a
social benefit for all. The
Gospel of Wealth was a
softer version of Social
Darwinism. The advocates
linked wealth with
responsibility, arguing that
those with great material
possessions had equally
great obligations to society
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Beginning about 1902, a group of aggressive ten
and fifteen-cent popular magazines, such as
Cosmopolitan, Collier’s, and McClure's, began
flinging the dirt about the trusts.
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Homestead and Pullman Strikes
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http://www.history.com/topics/andrewcarnegie/videos/homestead-strike
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/remembering-the-triangleshirtwaist-fire/
 http://trianglefire.ilr.cornell.edu
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Child Labor
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http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor/videos/the-fight-toend-child-labor?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
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http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/index.ht
ml
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Child:
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Keating Owen Act: prohibited transportation of
goods produced with child labor across state lines
 Supreme Court says unconstitutional, but states pass
various laws
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Women:
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Muller v. Oregon: working hours could be limited
All:
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Worker’s Compensation: passed in states, nationally
by 1916
Minimum wage: not until 1938
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1. Which of the following statements reflects the
most common perspective on government
regulation during the Gilded Age?
A. strict government regulation of big business.
B. a “laissez-faire” approach.
C. it was up to state governments to regulate
businesses in their region.
D. Republicans favored strict regulation; Democrats
favored minimal regulation.
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2. Followers of the “Gospel of Wealth” believed
that Americans
A. should express their faith through supporting
laissez-faire economics.
B. can create equality by following Social
Darwinism.
C. had a moral duty to solve social problems
through generosity.
D. needed another “Great Awakening” to get
America back to religion.
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Upton Sinclair : The Jungle
 http://www.schooltube.com/video/7d99103d6b2ed295c3eb/
"I aimed for the public's heart and by accident I hit it in
the stomach."
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Meat Inspection Act
Protecting Food
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Pure Food and Drug Act
 Truth in labeling!
 Halted sale contaminated foods and medicine
 Creation of Food and Drug Administration
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Important points about the corruption:
 Politicians gained votes from immigrants by
promising jobs and housing.
 Bosses used their political influence for
personal gain (ensured voter fraud and
bribes).
 Patronage: putting unqualified supporters
into appointed government jobs
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Pendleton Civil Service Act: Government jobs
given based on merit and performance
16th Amendment: Federal income tax
 Allows the federal government to tax peoples
salaries. This will prove very beneficial
because WWI is just around the corner.
17th Amendment: Direct election of Senators
 Senators had been elected by state legislators.
Now the citizens of each state directly elect
their two Senators. This expands democracy
to the people.
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To reduce corruption and improve efficiency
Initiative: voters can propose law on ballot or
even propose constitutional amendments. 24
states
Referendum: citizens can vote on law proposed
by legislature OR reject a proposed law
Recall: voters can remove elected official
Important leader: Robert La Follette (the
Wisconsin idea)
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Theodore Roosevelt
Friends with John Muir
 Believed that government should manage
lands, preserving some, using some for
economic purposes
 Established US Forest Service, headed by
Gifford Pinchot
 Added nearly 150 million acres to national
forests
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3 C’s
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Consumer protection
Corporate Regulation
Conservation of Natural Resources
Use of the “bully pulpit”
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Actually more of a “trust buster” than TR
A split in the Republican party for 1912 election
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Taft vs.
Roosevelt’s “Bull Moose” party
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RESULT: Democrats win!
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http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eIJ2n0w48Bc
&desktop_uri=%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DeIJ2n0w48B
c