trfump*wr
ffiww&ww
EditingPractice
Readthe following student essay,which includes errors in commause. Add
commaswhere necessarybetween items in a series and with introductory
phrases, transitional words and phrases, appositives, and nonrestrictive
clauses.Cross out any unnecessarycommas.The first sentencehas been
mayvary.
editedforyou. Ansu,rers
Brave0rchid
,
Warrior
in TheWoman
Qneof the mostimportantcharacters
l&
c aotr ki s B r a v eO r c h i d ,
M a x i n eH o n gK i n g s t o na' su t o b i o g r a p h i w
+
K i n g s t o nm
' s o t h e rB. r a v e0 r c h i dw a sa s t r o n gw o m a nb u t n o t a h a p p y
learna lot
storiesabouther mother,readers
one.ThroughKingston's
aboutKingstonherself.
,
as an
a complexcharacter
to Brave0rch'id,
areintroduced
Readers
whotelLsvividtalesof China.A quietyoung
storytel.LeT
imaginative
,
with her
her classmates
impresses
womanshenevertheless
,\,
. o w e v esrh ej s
i n t e [ L i g e n cSeh. ei s a [ s oa t r a d j t i o n awI o m a nH
to makeher Lifeexactlywhatshewantsit to be. Brave
determined
a fai[ure.
herseLf
stit[,sheconsiders
in herseLf;
beLieves
0rchidstrongLy
In her nat'iveChinaBrave0rchidtrainsto be a midwife.Theother
A l t
e n d c o u r a g e0. n e
w o m e ni n h e r c l a s se n v y h e r i n d e p e n d e n cber i L l i a n c a
day Brave1rchidbraveLyconfrontsthe FoxSpiritl and tetls him he witl
he
not win. First of alL she tells him she can endure any pain that
A
infLictson her.tle*i shegatherstogetherthe womenin the dolmiforV
her
to burnthe ghostaway.Afterthis eventthe otherwomenadmire
evenmore.
W o r k i nh
g a r j B r a v e0 r c h i db e c o m eas m i d w i f ei n C h i n aA. f t e r .
t o r ka s a m i d w i f eI.n s t e a d
c o m i n gt o A m e l c uh o * . u . i s h ec a n n o w
'
^
'
t
,^
s ' N o n eo f h e r
laundrylandpickstomatoe
sheworksin a Chinese
h a v ei m a g i n e tdh i s o u t c o m eD. u r i n gh e r
n sc h . i n w
a ouLd
c L a s s m a ti e
a r a v e0 r c h i db e c o m easw o m a n / w h ios
l a t e ry e a r si n A m e r i c B
501
542
#ffiffi
uNlTSEVEN*: Understanding
Punctuation,
Mechanics,
and Spelling
o v e r b e a r i nagn dd o m i n e e r i nsgh. eb o s s ehs e rc h i [ d r e a
n r o u n ds, h e
triesto ruin hersister's[ife'andshecriticizeseveryone
andeverything
aroundher.Herdaughter,
a straight-Astudenir, tt',. objectof her
worstcriticism.
Brave0rchid'sintentionsaregood.Neverthe[.r,
,h. devotesher
e n e r g yt o t h e w r o n gt h i n g s s. h ee x p e c ttsh e p e o p l ea r o u n dh e rt o b e
a s s t r o n ga s s h ei s . B e c a u sseh eb u L l i etsh e m ' h o w e us. ih ee v e n t u a t [ y
l o s e st h e m .I n a d d i t i o n ' s h e 'tioso b u s yc r i t i i . l n g t . r . l o u r g h t e rf'as u L t s
t o s e ea [ [ h e ra c c o m p t i s h m e nBtrsa. v e0 r c h i d ' a n
i n d e p e n d ew
n to m a n
anda briltjantstudenineverachieves
t'r.,gJurr.sheis hardon the
p e o p [ ea r o u n dt ' , e r T b e i a ussheei s d i s a p p o i n t ei nd h e r s e [ f .
CofIabo r ative Activities
1. Bring a homemaking,sports, or fashion magazinetoclass.Working in
small group, look at the peoplepictured in the ads. In what roles
men most often depicted?In what roles are women most often
sented?Identifirthe three or four most commonroles for eachsex.
give each kind of character a descriptive name- jock or rnother.
example.
2. Working on your own, choose one type of characterfrom the list v
group madein collaborativeActivity 1.Then, write aparagraphin w
you describethis character'stypical appearanceand habits. Referto
appropriatemagazinepictures to support your characterization.
3. Collaboratingwith other members of your group, write two paragra
one discussinghow men are portrayedin ads and one discussingh
women are portrayed.
4. Circle every comma in the paragraphyou wrote for CollaborativeActir'ity z.Then, work with your group to explainwhy eachcommais used.If
no one in your group canjustify a particularcomma'suse,crossit our
ffiww*weru
fftumwfu$*
UsingComm
i h*pffimm
rev6mw
,,'ORffi$3#Wffi$3
shrew a scolding
,,,oman
EditingPractice
Readthe following studentessay,which includeserrors in the use of apostrophes. Edit it to eliminate errors by crossing out incorrect words
and
writing corrections above them. (Note that this is an informal response
paper' so contractionsare acceptable.)The first sentencehas
been edited
for you.
TheWomen
of Messina
In witLiam
inir,.uplui.i''pruy
MuchAdoaboutNothing,
thewomen
of Messina,
whether
theyareseenasLove
objects
or aslf,i3frt;r-,uu.
veryfewoptions.
a ffifif;$i"roteis to please
a man.sh; cantry to
resist,butshewiLtirobabl.y
windup givingin.
plaq's
T h ep { * s tw o w o m en, H eroand B eatri ce,are very di fferent. H ero
is theotedienton..il:f8:",cousin,
Beatrice,
triesto cha[[enge
the
ma n ' s
ru l e s o f th e ffi fi s w o rt d i n w hi ch she l i ves. H ow ever,i n a pl ace
l i ke
M e s s i n a .y
, ..n w o me n [ j ke B eatri cefi nd i t hard to get the respect
that
theirs.
should be thei++
Right from the start, we are drawn to Beatric.. #1"t,
hasa clevercomment
for most;iffiB
nny, she
andshel,*rr, ,p.uk,h.,.
mindaboutotherffsK"oetrai.ior.
unLike
Hero,shetriesto standup
to the menin h.riif., asweseein herandffffi$i#"conversations.
ButeventhoughBeatrice's
intelligence
is oiuiorr,sheoftenmocks
ffls
herse[f.
{ts clearthat shedoesn'thavemuchself-esteem.
In fact,
^fsnrt
Beatrice
the strongwomansheseemsto be.
;s-*
u t t i m a t e LB
y ,e a t r i cdeo e sg e t h e r m a n ,a n ds h ew i i l .b e h a p p y -
butatwhatcost?
ffil:gi:iF rrr,il8iflito herare,,peacer
r wirr
s t o py o u rm o u t h . "T h e n ,h e k i s s e i h e r . - T hk e
i s si s a s y m b o Lei cn dt o
Beatrice's
gd+++e&!efeat.
their bickering.
It is alsothe markeg
she has[ost.
B e n e d i chka ss i [ e n c ehde r .N o w s, h ew i L L
b e B e n e d i c kw' si f ea n dd o
what he wantsher to do. Granted,she wfil have moresayin her
marriage
than Herowiil.haveIr f:it+ but sheis stiLl.
defeated.
511
512
UNITSEVEN'r'^UnderstandingPunctuation,Mechanics,and Spelting
Shakesoeare's
ara,,'c
Sha+€silea+es
audiencemight haveseenthe Fifis-endingasa
fi#ffi, however,
is
iheending
n
f|lessina's
disappointing.
EvenBeatrice,
the mostrebetlious
of Messinas
findsit impossibte
to achieveanythingof importrn.l in this rr-r
dominated
society.
Co||ab o r ative Activities
1. Working in a group of four and building on your individual
the Focus on Writing exerciseat the beginning of the chapter
which specific occupationaland professionalroles are sti1l ass
largelywith men and which are associatedprimarilywith womenfwo lists, headingone "women'sjobs" and one "men'sjobs."
2. l.{ow;work in pairs, with one pair of studentsin each group co
ing on men and the other pair on women. Write a paragraph
attempts to justify why the particular jobs you listed should or s
not be restrictedto one gender.In your discussion,list the various
ities men or women possessthat qualify (or disqualdy) them for
ular jobs. Use possessiveforms whenever possible-for
wornen'senergy(not wornenhaaeenergy).
3. Bring to classa book, magazine,or newspaperwhose style is i
for example,a romance novel, W Gwide,your school newspaper.
evena comic book. Working in a group, circle every contractionyou
find on one page of each publication, and substitute for each co
tion the words it combines. Are your substitutions an impro
(You may want to read a few paragraphs aloud before you reach
conclusion.)
Reriew
Cln
ecklist:
UBing
Apostrophes
520
uNlr SEVEN+ UnderstandingPunctuation,Mechanics,and spelling
Look back at your responseto the Focuson writing activity on page 515Try adding the quotation, example,or list from the Flashbackactivity on
page 51 8 to your writing. Be sure to introducethis new material with a
colon, and make sure the colon is preceded by a complete sentence.
Look back at your responseto the Focuson writing activity on page 515
and to the Flashbackactivitieson pages 517, s18, and above.check
your work carefullyto make sure all the punctuation marks discussedin
this chapter are used correctly.
ffifump*mw
ffiww&wruw
EditingPractice
The following student essay includes errors in the use of semico
colons,dashes,and parentheses.(Someare used incorrectly; others
beenomittedwhere they are needed.)Correct any errors you find. The
sentencehas been correctedfor you. Answers mayvary.
J u s tR i g h t
In the fairytate "Goldilocks
andthe ThreeBears,"a LittLegirLcalLed
GoLdilocks
wanders
awayfrom home,;
anddiscovers
an emptyhousein
the forest.whensheseesno oneis home,shetriesout different
t h i n g si n t h e h o u s e T b o wol sf c e r e a tc, h a i r sa, n db e d s w
. h e ns h et r i e s
t h e b e d y o n ei s t o J s m a t La,n do n ej s t o o b i g .T h et h i r d o n ei s j u s t
right.As Gotdilocks
knew;findingthe "just right" sizeis not easy.
In America
today,r*V thingsaremuchtoo big. Forexamp[e,
- areoftenhuge.The"momand
foodstores- andfood portions
pop" grocerystoresare gone'/replacedby giant supermarkets.
At
McDonatd's,
you can"superrir."yourmeal-convenience
storesse[[
Rcw*sw
Ches$s$*s*
UsingOther
Punctuation
Marks
CHAPTER
32 {s Using Other PunctuationMarks
521
32-ounce
cupsof soda.At any dinerTportion
sizesareso big that
food hangsoff the edgesof the ptate.
O t h e rt h i n g sw e e n c o u n t edra i t ya r ea l s ot o o b i g . E v e nw i t h g a ss o
expensive,
somepeop[esti[[ haveto drivebig vehicLes,
suchas,/huge
suvs,vans,and pickups.Parents
pushbabystro[l.ers
the sizeof
H u m v e ea
s ,n ds o m es u b u r b ahno u s e as r es o b i g t h a t t h e ya r ec a l . L e d
M c M a n s i o nTse.l e v i s i o n
h sa v eg r o w ni n t o " h o m et h e a t e r sw" i t h 6 0 - i n c h
screens;
movietheatersarenowmultiplexes+that[ookLikeairport
termina[s.
A t t h e s a m et i m es o m a n yt h i n g sa r eg e t t i n gb i g g e ra n db i g g e r /
()A
manyotherthingsparticularly
electronics
aregettingsma[[er.
Cameras
a r eo n ee x a m p Lcee; [ [p h o n e a
s r ea n o t h e rs.o m eM P 3p l a y e r as r e
s m a [ [ et rh a n c r e d i tc a r d sE
. v e nM & M sc o m ei n a m i n iv e r s i o nA. n d ,o f
course,
fami[ieshavebeengettingsma[|,er
for years.
w h a ti s t h e r i g h ts i z e ?T h a ti s n o t a n e a s yq u e s t i o tno a n s w e rA. s
GoLdiLocks
knewysometimes
you haveto try out the "too big" and"too
sma[t"versionf,.for. you find the Just right" one.
CollaborativeActivities
1. Write five original compoundsentences,each composedof two simple
sentencesconnectedwith and.Then, exchangepaperswith another student, and edit each compound sentenceso that it uses a semicolon
insteadof and to connectthe independentclauses.
2. Compile three lists, each with three or four items (people,places,or
things).Then, working in a group, composea sentencethat could introduce eachof your lists. Use a colon aftereachintroductory sentence.
ilev4sqry
Che**q**m*;
UsingOther
Punctuation
Marks
r
Use semicolonsto separatetwo simple sentences(independent
clauses).(See 32A.)
T
use colons to introduce quotations,explanations,clarifications,
examples,and lists. (See 32B.)
T
use dashes and parenthesesto set off material from the rest of the
sentence.(See 32C.)
F;"F#)t
6rbbl i
a9!)
i$i
|
536
ffi:i::liffi
UNITSEVEN# UnderstandingPunctuation,Mechanics,and Spelling
Look back at your responseto the Focuson Writing activity on page 523Have you used any hyphens,numbers,or abbreviationsin your writing? f
so, have you used them correctly? Make any necessarycorrections.
Look back at your responseto the Focus on Writing activity on page 523lf you have quoted dialogue from the film you discuss,check to be sure
your punctuation is correct.lf you did not use quotations,try adding one
or two. Then, edit your work for proper use of capital letters,quotation
marks,and underlining.
fffumW&ww
ffiww$wruw
EditingPractice
Readthe following student essay,which includes errors in capitalizatron
punctuationand in the use of direct quotations,titles, abbreviations,
numbers.Editthe passageto correct any sucherrors.The first sentence
beeneditedfor you. Ansu;ersmay vary.
TheWorldof GarySoto
,
ti':
:.
poetand
MyfavoriteAuthoris GarySoto,a nlexican-american
Sqn
fiction writerwhosefirst bookof poetry,:'TheE[em_eqts
_ol_
' ] . 9 5 i2n F
J o a q u i n ,w
" a sp u b l i s h eidn 1 , 9 7.7S o t ow a sb o r ni n
/resno,
father
e
S
gpanish-speaking
His Father;
famiLy.
andgrewup in a Large
Zalifornia,
CHAPTER
33 "'isUnderstandingMechanics
*tt":i&';
ii'eo
;;;dd:
ail-: ! lqsl€i
;q$o!e4j9q1lIFJi
537
mother
f ive
w h o d i e d w h e n S oto w asj , w orkedi n a factory,and hi s fether pi cked
g ra p e sa n d o ther cropsj n the farmsof the i an foaqui n /a[[ey. Muchof
S o t o ' sw r i t i n g i s j n f l u e n c e db y c h j l d h o o dm e m o r i e s".T h e s ea r e t h e
pictures
I takewithmewhenIwrite'1heoncerri6. ffi
^
stirthe
past,the memories
that aresovividJ'
FCC
and laterstudiedat the
Sotoattended
o tity,Cotlege
,fresn
geologY,
Unlversity
F
There,
in^Geot'
he originallymajored
atfresno,
of
California
where
F
s b o o ko f p o e t r yo n a s h e l f
a c c o r d i ntgo S o t o ," O n ed a yI c a m ea c r o s a
in the collegelibrary.I readit, Likedit, andbeganto write poemsof
m yo w n !
O n . o f S o t o ' sb e s tp o e m ,i r ' L r r n g . r , ' r r o *h i s 1 9 8 5b o o kl B l a c k
Hairl In this poem,he describ.l,n.-.ulnt, of a cold?...rn.,
afternoonwhenaboytakeshismintoadrugstoretobuyhera
treat.Shewantsa chocotate
thal costsu #ffi, but he only hasa
nickel
salesladu
A
the coin ptusan orangehe hasin his
^Sa[esLaf
pocket,andshelets him payfor the candyrntt *.V,.,r,"
y-f.+
He givesthe
of oneof
Thisthemeof moneyis pickedup againin the
l+*te
ltrticket
Soto'sbooksof stories,
lnd olme./ the first storyis ca[[ed
"WeAin't AskingMuchandis aboutnonffi"yho toseshisjob,
tryingto seLL
cannotpayhis rent,andendsup on the Streeb,
CA
y'hristmas
ornaments
madeof twigsto rich peop[e.Silver,a
character
in commonwith Soto
in anotherstory,hassomething
fffi
( h e i s a p o e t ) ,b u t h e a t s oh a st r o u b l em a k i n ge n o u g hm o n e yt o
live on.
Does
sotowritet,.o'ffi
thatthisis
EIF:ii:il::?Headmits
in my stories,
partlytrue. Hesays,ho*Ju.r,'ALthlughthe experiences
p o e m sa, n dn o v e l sm a ys e e ma u t o b i o g r a p h i cm
a lu, c ho f w h a tI w r i t ei s
the stuff of imagination"y
t v
ffikmp€mr
ffimw*www
EditingPractice
Readthe following studentessay,which includesspellingerrors. Identi{y the
words you think are misspelled;then, look them up in a dictionary.Finall-v,
cross out eachincorrectly spelledword, and write the correct spellingabove
the line.The first sentencehasbeeneditedfor you. Ansu,rersmayvary.
comingHome
,-'*i-:;',.i,,;*.r,
fromIraq,I
retu"r-+ned
Whenmy UncleJoe,a soldierin the Marines,
wasglad he washome.He had+Jffiffiohis responsibiLity
andwassafe.
MyfamiLyweLcomed
him at the airportwith fLagsandflowers.Heliggf
returningto civifan
us a[Landlookedlfliitle1'tobe home.However,
for hjmthan anyof us hadexpected.
Lifeturnedout to i. ror. difficuLt
experience.
Beingin the militaryis verydifferentfrom any other€xf€+ein€+
Soldiers.
To do this, they haveto forgetwhatthey
aretrainedto kiLL.
^ffi
h a v eb e e nt a u g h ti n t h e 6 5 S " a b o u tn o t h a r m i n go t h e r sT. h e yh a v e
used
^
conscfence
t o g e t - u s e t oi g n o r i n gw h a tt h e i r
t e l l st h e mt o d o a n d
A[so,to survive,they have
becomelesssensjtive
to others'feetings.
suspicious
to be+usi*+ie+s
of everything
aroundthem.Theymustbe alertat aLL
ffi{strncombat,
they haveto functiontit . a mach'ine:
whengivenan order,they must
Their
their
foltowit. They're
own [ivesandthoseof therefeLtowsoldiersdepend
oQediefice
on €€€€elfi+
^
thatthiswastrueof many
*rr. changed
Uncle
Joe,andI learned
veterans.
ALthough
insensitivity
ur. l???iifivrotu
andsuspicion
neither
when
soLdier,
nietheris of muchusein civilianLife.ForexampLe,
^ overceacted
my uncle
abouta dirty dishl.efton the kitchencounter,
his wife became
whenhis famityasked
confused
andangry.Simitar[y,
?:fffi;Sd
it.
himabout
to tatkabout
thewar,hebecame:?,li13i.rd
Hisfamil"y
did not understana.i,a resu[t,he fett isolatedfrom his
friends
. h e nh e s l e p t ,h e h a dn i g h t m a r eosf b e i n gb a c ki n
a n df a m i L yW
h i s f e l t o wM a r i n e s .
c o m b a tH
. ea L s om i s s e d
558
CHAPTER
34 s UnderstandingSpelling
559
Beforehe returnedhome,UncteJoe hadtookedforwardto returning
Insur4nce
t o h i sj o b i n a n i n s u r e n eceo m p a n yH. o w e v ehr ,i sf e e l i n g sa b o u th i s
strict discipline
" too.
H. had becomeused to the :t+*k $isei$[i+e of
careerchanged,
^*
the miLitary.
As a Marine,my unc|.eaLways
knewwhat*fif8;igfft"
was.But at work,therewasno officerto givehim orders;
behav'ior
atthoughhe hada boss,thereseemed
to beftSof choiceaboutwhat
wasconsidered
ffitr8le
Hehadmuch
*o* freedom,
buthedidnot
knowquite*nrt to do with it. A[so,UncteJoe missedthe job security
tost
Athome,:E;{lflTseemed
to bell?:?tfl'ypeopre
orthemiritary.
everudau
went
muchwarning,andentirecompanies
theirjobsevs+day-without
b a nk r u p t .
throuoh
similar
buddies
to what manyof hispddtt
Whatmy unclewent^th+ed
was
^simjlie+
e x p e r i e n c eEdv. e nw i t h c o u n s e l i n igt ,t o o k h i m a t o n gt i m et o b e a b l e
he wasableto become
to trust the peoplearoundhjm. EventuaL[y,
moresensitiveto the feeLings
of others,and heSifti to retyon his
civitianfriendsandfami|.y
the wayhe hadret'ieionhis fellowMarines.
occur
Occasionallv,
aboutthe war,but thev-eeu+r
Oeasie+a+y;he
stiL[hasnightmares
i e s s o f t e n .F o rU n c l eJ o e ,t h e w a rd i d n o t e n dw h e nh e c a m eh o m e .
beqinninq
struggle.
Returning
homewasjust theb€!i++ing
of his own personal
Golla
borativeAetivities
1. Working in pairs, compareresponsesto the Focus on Writing activity on
page541.How many misspelledwords did eachof you find?How many
errors did you and your partner havein common?
2. Are there any patterns of misspellingin your Flashbackactivities?trfhat
typesof spellingerrors seemmost common?
3. Collaboratewith your partner to make a spelling list for the two of you,
and then work with other groups to create a spelling list for the whole
class. Vtrhenyou have finished, determine which ffies of errors are
most common.