The 1920s
I can identify the characteristics of
social conflict and social change that
took place in the early 1920s
Specifics
O What were the causes and effects
of the first Red Scare?
O How did labor strife grow during
the postwar years?
O How did the United States limit
immigration after WWI?
The First Red Scare
O 1917- The Rise of the
Bolsheviks (the bigger
of the two communist
groups vying for power.
The other was the
Mensheviks)
O Headed by Vladimir
Lenin
O 1922 – The Soviet
Union is formed
O Communism is
officially in control of a
large nation
What is Communism?
O Why is this economic
system so bad that
we actually “fear” it?
O What are its
principles and
beliefs?
O If that is what people
choose how could it
be bad for America?
Why is this idea threatening?
It’s just a party.
Capitalism
O You have
two cows.
You sell one
and buy a
bull.
Socialism
O You have two cows.
The government
takes them and puts
them in a barn with
everyone else's
cows. You have to
take care of all the
cows. The
government gives
you as much milk as
you need.
Communism (in theory)
O You have two cows. Your neighbors
help you take care of them, and you
all share the milk.
Communism (in reality)
O You have two cows. The
government seizes both and
provides you with milk. You
wait in line for your share of
the milk, but it's so long that
the milk is sour by the time
you get it.
Russian Communism
O You have two cows. The
government takes both
and shoots you.
O American Reaction to Communism
O Feared the overthrow of capitalism
(what are capitalism’s values)
O Fear of violent revolution
O Shift in American thought from
“fear the Hun” to “fear the Red”
O Communist parties began to form
O Bombs were mailed to some
individuals
O Palmer Raids
O A. Mitchell
Palmer
O Targeted
Aliens
O Goal was
Deportation
OWho are we
“scared” of today?
OWhy?
Labor Strife
O In 1919 4
million workers
took part in
3,000 strikes
O And in almost
every case
labor lost
O Why the
postwar
difficulties?
O Why the postwar difficulties?
O Wartime prosperity was gone
O Sinking demand for war goods
O Wilson focused on the peace plan
O Returning soldiers expected their jobs
back
O Red Scare connection with labor
Nativism and Racism
O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9_a5iRGDuY
Limiting Immigration
O Backlash against foreigners in the postwar
era
O Competition for scarce jobs
O Red Scare
O Increase in nativism
O All these combined with the ill feelings left
after WWI helped create a push for
immigration reform
O The National
Origins Act of
1924
O Only 2% of that
nation’s
representation
in America
using 1890 as
the base year
Sacco and Vanzetti
O Nicola Sacco and
Bartolomeo Vanzetti
O Italian immigrants
and anarchists
O Accused of robbery
and murder
O Evidence was weak
O http://law2.umkc.ed
u/faculty/projects/ft
rials/SaccoV/s&vevi
dence.htm
Conflicts over Values
O The shift from a mostly rural America to an urban one
was highly significant
O Rural had meant traditional hard-working, self-reliant,
religious (Protestant), and independent
O http://www.hippocampus.org/History%20%26%20Gov
ernment;jsessionid=AD2A745A90CAF485D6CCC182D
66B2038
O There was a reaction to the changes
O Immigration reform was one
O The others. . .
O Rebirth of the
KKK
O Why?
O For Native,
White,
Protestant
Supremacy
O Millions signed
up
O Rise of Fundamentalism
O Literal interpretation of the Bible and the
teaching of evolution
O Scopes Monkey Trial – Dayton, TN
O Clarence Darrow v. William Jennings Bryan
O http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5Kdc0L
LSW8
Prohibition
O http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-
twenties/videos/america-goes-dry-withprohibition?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefine
d&f=1&free=false
O http://www.history.com/topics/roaringtwenties/videos/bet-you-didnt-knowprohibition?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefine
d&f=1&free=false
Prohibition
O Women’s Christian Temperance Union had
O
O
O
O
O
fought for years to outlaw alcohol
Progressives, a bias against immigrants and
WWI had aided the cause (German beer!)
Rural vs. urban politics played a role as well
By 1917 over half the states had already passed
some form of alcohol restriction
18th Amendment is ratified in 1919
The Volstead Act was passed to enforce the
amendment
O Prohibition in practice
O Alcohol consumption did decrease, but
enforcement was virtually impossible
O New illegal activities sprang up
O Bootleggers, speakeasies, increase in
prescriptions
O It was repealed with the 21st
Amendment
O Identify and evaluate the impact of new
cultural movements on American society in
the 1920s
O Identify the characteristics of social conflict
and social change that took place in the
early 1920s
U.S. History: Dec. 18
O
O
O
O
O
Get a Blue U.S. History Textbook
Turn to page 302
Write down the following in your notes
O Main Idea
O Reading Focus 1, 2, and 3
Then look at Geography Skills Interpreting Maps on page 303.
Answer the following:
O Which states had the largest population decrease during the
Great Migration?
O Which cities had the greatest population increase during the
Great Migration?
O What do you believe would be two positives and two negatives
associated with this new population dynamic in the Northern
cities?
Look at History Close-up: Skills Focus Interpreting Infographics on
page 306 and answer the Drawing Conclusions questions.
I can. . .
O Identify and evaluate the
impact of new cultural
movements on American
society in the 1920s
The Great
Migration
O Northern cities increase black
populations by 40%
O 1910 – Harlem became a favorite
destination
O Problems in the South
O Sharecropping
O Low-paying jobs
O Segregation laws (Jim Crow)
O Racial violence
The Great
Migration
O Why the North?
O WWI provided jobs (war equipment)
O African-American newspapers help
spread the word
O However,
O this did not mean racism didn’t exist
O 1919 riots
O Disillusionment after WWI
Migration of the Negro
Life in Harlem
O A renaissance – rebirth
O Why?
O Resources – Opportunity: Urban
League; The Crisis: NAACP
O African-Am. wealth improves
O Changing white attitudes (+/-)
O Patronage
Marcus Garvey: Universal Negro
Improvement Association
Themes
O Primitive simplicity (?)
O Pride in being black- similar to
Garvey’s teachings
O How to be both black and
American
O Du Bois’ remarks “two souls”
Poems
O What imagery stands out
the most (words, lines,
etc.)?
O What do you think this
author is trying to say?
What is this poem about?
Reactions
O Many in white America were
unaware of true Af.-Am. Exp.
O Saw it as an escape –
something so different
O Many Europeans saw this as
America’s only legitimate
export
Decline of the
Movement
O The Depression
O Poets abandoned by wealthy patrons
O No new contracts from publishers
O Disillusionment
O Older figures died
Question #1
OWhat was the
Harlem
Renaissance?
Question #2
OWhat factors
contributed to the
birth of the Harlem
Renaissance?
Question #3
OWhat was
“primitive
simplicity?”
Question #4
OWhat was the
NAACP?
Question #5
O What two magazines
contributed most to the
development of AfricanAmerican artists? And for
which organizations did they
print?
Question #6
O Explain three reasons
for the decline of the
Harlem Renaissance?
U.S. History
Jan. 4
You need a sheet of paper. It will be
handed in at the end of class.
I can. . .
O Identify and evaluate the impact of new
cultural movements on American society
in the 1920s
O Identify the characteristics of social
conflict and social change that took place
in the early 1920s
Mass Entertainment in the
1920s
O Technology allowed everyone across the nation
to experience the same things
O Radio
O First radio station, KDKA in Pittsburgh
O Sports, news, religious services
O Almost ½ of all homes had a radio by the end of
the decade
O It broke down regional barriers
O Movies
O D.W. Griffith’s Birth of a Nation
O The Jazz Singer was the first talkie
O Disney releases Steamboat Willie
O Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Clara Bow,
and Mary Pickford were the stars
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4v_yRFf4-Y
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIaj7FNHnjQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-R8HQ8mGls
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iu-rLA4POkI
O Sports
O Babe Ruth, Red Grange, Helen Willis,
Bill Tilden, Bobby Jones, Jack Dempsey,
Man O’War, Johnny Weissmuller
O Authors
O Earnest Hemingway, John Dos Passos,
F. Scott Fitzgerald, Sinclair Lewis
O Other heroes
O Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uS7Iq_I0i6M
Jack Dempsey
Red Grange
Helen Willis
Bobby Jones
Johnny Weissmuller
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sN183rJltNM
Ford Revolutionizes Industry
O The Model T begins selling in 1908
O Used the assembly line (each person had one of
84 jobs)
O First year a car rolled off the line every 90 mins.;
later one per minute
O They eventually sold for under $500, and 15
million were sold by 1927 (switched to the
Model A)
O He paid his workers $5 a day, but bitterly
opposed unions
O The automobile creates other industries
O System of roads- Route 66
O Suburbs
O Gas stations
O Tourism
O Advertising
O Altered shopping and socializing
patterns
O The New Consumer
O Cars, refrigerators, vacuum
cleaners, radio
O Electricity was the key
O Advertising
O Installment buying for major
items
U.S. History
O Get a blue U.S. History book and complete the
following. . . NOW!
O Pg. 277 Faces of History
O Pg. 278 Skills Focus
O Pg. 280 Consumer Culture
O Pg. 300 Skills Focus
O Pg. 313 Skills Focus
O What more than anything else helped fuel the public’s
passion for sports during the 1920s?
O What allowed Charles Lindbergh to fly non-stop across
the Atlantic?