Cell Structure and Functions
Cell Theory
There are three parts to the cell theory
1. all living things are made of one or
more cells
2. cells are the basic units of structure
and function in organisms.
3. All Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cell
Organelles
• What are organelles?
• internal
compartments that
carry out specific cell
functions
• How are organelles
beneficial to a cell?
– They allow the cell to
grow larger and
become more
specialized
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• Syntheisizes steroids
• Detoxifies poisons
(alcohol)
• Transports
substances
• Regulates calcium
levels for muscle
contraction
Vesicle
• Membrane-sac that
transports materials
Golgi Apparatus
• membrane-bound
structure
• organelle modifies
molecules and
packages them into
small membrane
bound sacs called
vesicles
Mitochondria
• Membrane bound
organelles
• Powerhouse of the
cell
• Energy production for
cells
• Sites of aerobic
respiration
• “mitochondria makes
me mighty”
Lysosomes
• digests waste
materials and food
within the cell
• breaks down
molecules into their
base components
with strong digestive
enzymes
centrioles
Assist with cell division : helps to move chromosomes
Plant Cell
• Plant cells have
different structures
• Contains:
– Cell wall
– Chloroplast
– Vacuole (large central,
takes up most part of
cell)
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Microtubules
Vacuole
Golgi
Smooth E.R.
Rough E.R.
Nucleolus
vesicle
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Nuclear envelope
Cytoplasm
Microvilli
Ribosomes
Centrioles
Mitochondria
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A. Extensions of
membrane
B. Fluid portion
C. Processes/packages
D. Synthesizes proteins
E. Transportation
(ribosomes attached)
F. Transportation (also
makes lipids)
G. Transportation
(move to cell
membrane)
H. Internal support
I. Makes ribosomes
J. Barrier for nucleus
K. Stores food/water
L. Releases energy in
food
M. Assists with cell
reproduction