A id
Acids
Most acids are combinations of hydrogen and one or more
non-metals. You can identify an acid from its formula because
Hydrogen is always written as the first element in an acid.
Examples:
HF
HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
HC2H3O2
A id
Acids
For naming purposes we recognize two classes of acids
1. Binary Acids – Contain only 2 atoms H and one other non-metal.
2. Oxyacids – Contain 3 different atoms H O and
H,
d a nonmetal.
t l
Examples:
HF- Binary
ay
HCl - Binary
HNO3 - Oxyacid
H2SO4 – Oxyacid
HC2H3O2 - Oxyacid
Bi
Binary
acids
id
Binary acids are composed of hydrogen and a single non-metal atom
They are named adding the prefix hydroto the base name of the nonmetal with
ith the –ic
ic ssuffix.
ffi
Then you add add the word acid.
Examples:
HF
HCl
HBr
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrobromic acid
O
Oxyacids
id
Oxyacids
O
id contain
t i H,
H O and
d a nonmetal.
t l
Because the oxyacid
y
contains a complex
p
anion, the acid’s name is based on
th complex
the
l anion’s
i ’ name.
(That you should have memorized already!)
O
Oxyacids
id
If the complex anion has the –ate suffix:
W make
We
k the
h acid’s
id’ name by
b starting
i with
i h the
h complex
l ion’s
i ’ name
change the –ate to –ic
add the word acid
Example: HNO3
Complex ion NO3Name of complex
p ion: nitrate
Name of acid: Nitric acid
O
Oxyacids
id
If the complex anion has the –ite suffix:
We make the acid’s name by starting with the complex ion’s name
change the –ite
ite to –ous
ous
add the word acid
Example: HNO2
Complex ion NO2Name of complex ion: nitrite
Name of acid: Nitrous acid
A id
Acids
Examples to try:
HI
HSO4
HSO3
HF
H3PO4
HNO2
HNO3
A id
Acids
Examples to try:
HI
Hydroiodic Acid
HSO4 Sulfuric Acid
HSO3 Sulfurous Acid
HF
Hydrofluoric Acid
H3PO4 Phosphoric Acid
HNO2 Nitrous Acid
HNO3 Nitric Acid