UNITED N ^TID N ^ DDNEE^ENDE DN T ^^D E AND
Geneva
Review
of maritime transport
1984 ,
Report by the ‫ ﻣﻮ؛ﺀمﺀﺀﺀ‬/‫ ﺀو‬of U N C TA D
UNITED NATIDN$
New York, 1985
NOTE
This review h^s hee^ prepared by the UNCTAD secretariat hr accordance with
item ٧ o f the programme o f wor^ o f the Committee on Shipping, for consideration
at the twelfth session o f the Committee. Any factual and editorial corrections that may
prove necessary in the light o f comments made by the Committee at that session or
received directly from Governments wonld be reflected in a corrigendum to he issned
snhse^nently.
^ymhols o f United Nations documents are composed o f capital letters comhined
with figures, ^fention o f such a symhol indicates a reference to a United Nations
document.
The designations employed and
do not imply the expression o f any
o f the United Nations concerning the
or o f its authorities, or concerning the
the presen^fion o f the material ‫ ط‬this publicaton
opinion whatsoever on the part o f the Secretariat
legal status o f any country, territory, eity or area,
delimitation o f its frontiers or boundaries.
^faterial in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a reference to the document number. A copy o f the
publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to the UNCTAD
secretariat.
TD/B/C.4/289
^N ^^£٥ NATIONS PUBLICATION
Sales No. E.85.II.D.18
ISBN 92-1-112206-6
009S0P
TD/B/C.4/289
page
CONTENTS
‫ﻟﻠﻞ‬
Paragraphs
Abbreviations
iv
List of t a b i e s
V
List of g r a p h s
vi
Annexes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
£ ‫ﻉ‬p ‫ﻝ‬anator ‫ﻣﻞ‬n o t e s
vii
viii
Tntro^notion
ix
of !^ain ^eveiop‫^؛‬ents
in 84‫ ﻭﻝ‬. . . . . . . . . . .
X
Chapter
I
II
The development of international seaborne trade
1-5
1
Development of the world fleet . . . . . . . . .
6-16
7
A
sixe an^ o^?nership of the world fleet . . . .
6-8
В
T^pes of v e s s e l s
9-13
С
Age distribution of the world ^erohant fleet
D
Comparison of oargo turnover and fleet
14-15
ownership
III
IV
V
16
Productivity of the world fleet . . . . . . .
A
Estimates of
tons and ton-miles per dwt . .
В
Estimates of
tonnage over-suppli^
. . . . . .
٠
17-18
19-21
Shipbuilding
22-27
A
Ship p r i c e s
22-23
В
Tonnage on o r d e r
24-25
С
Deliveries of newbuildings
. . . . . . . . .
28-39
A
Freight rates of main cargo sectors . . . . .
28-36
В
Liner freight rates as a percentage of prices
of selected commodities
VI
Estimates of
global freight costs . . . . . .
D
Freight m a r ^ t f u t u r e s
38
37
38
39
ether developments
48-58
A
Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences . . . .
48-44
В
United Nations Convention on International
Nultimodal Transport of Coods
29
26-27
Freight m a r k e t s
С
23
17-21
46
45
TD/B/C.4/289
С
Multimodal transport - general developments
D
Narine insurance, maritime fraud and maritime
liens and m o r t g a g e s
E
48-48
‫ﻭ‬-‫ﺫ‬
4 1
United Nations Conference on Conditions for
Rgistration of S h i p s
52
F
UNCThB Committee on Shipping
G
UNCTAD technical assistance in shipping and
. . . . . . . .
ports
H
.
53
54-58
Eound-the-^orld services
ABBREVIATIONS
BAF
Bunker adjustment factor
b/d
Barrels per da^^
CAF
Currency‫ ؛‬adjustment factor
cif
Cost, insurance, freight
dwt
Dead‫;«؟‬eight tons
fob
Freeonboard
GD?
Gross domestic product
GN?
Gross national product
GRT
Gross registered tons
bDT
bight displacement tons
Ing
biguefied natural gas
LPG
Liquefied petroleum gas
OBO
Oil/bulk/ore
OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
ro/ro Roll-on/roll-off
TEU
■^en^-foot equivalent unit
ULOC
Ult^a large crude carrier
VLCC
Very la^ge crude carrier
53-58
TD/B/C.4/289
Table
LIST OF TABLES
1
Development of International seaborne tra^e, 1970 an^ 198C-1984
2
2
World seaborne trade by types of cargo, 1970 and 1980-1984 . . .
3
3
World seaborne trade, 1970, 1982, 1983 and 1984 (est.) by type‫ ؟‬of
cargo and s)iares of gronps of c o u n t r i e s .......................
4
5
Distribution of world tonnage (grt and dwt) by groups of
countries of registration, 1970, 1983 and 1984 . . . . . . . . .
8
5
Trne management of open-registry fleets, 1984
. . . . . . . . .
9
6
Beneficial ownersllip of open-registry fleets, 1984 . . . . . . .
10
7
Analysis of the world fleet by principal types of vessel,
1982-1984
8
12
?ercentage shares of world tonnage by type of vessel and groups of
countries (as at 1 July), 1980, 198^, 1983 and 1984. . . . . . .
9
14
Distribution of world fleet and TEU capacity of fully cellular
containerships by groups of countries, at mid-year 1982, 1983
and 1984........................................................
10
container port traffic of developing countries and territories,
1982 and 1983
11
18
Age distribution of world merchant fleet by type of vessel as at
1 July 1984
12
21
Comparison between total cargo turnover and fleet ownership by
groups of countries, 1970 and 1981 to 1984 .......................
13
^3
Estimated productivity of tankers, bulk carriers, combined
carriers and the residual fleet
(ton-miles performed per dwt,
1970 and 1970-1983)..............................................
15
22
Cargo tonnage carried and ton-miles performed per dwt of the
total world fleet, 1970 and 1970-1984 .........................
14
17
24
Estimated productivity of tankers, bulk carriers, combined
carriers and the residual fleet
(tons carried per dwt, 1970
and 1 9 7 0 - 1 9 8 3 ) ..................................................
25
10
Representative newbuilding prices, 1980 and 1982-1984 . . . . .
31
17
World tonnage on order at the end of each quarter, 1982, 1983
and 1984 .........................................................
34
TD/B/C.4/289
page vi
18
World tonnage on order as at 8‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺓ‬epte‫ﻇﺎﺍﺍ‬er
19
Deliveries of newbuildings, 1982-1984
28
Distribution of deliveries of newbuildings by groups of
1984 . . . . . . . . .
35
38
countries of oonstruotion, 1982-1984
37
21
Freight rate indices, 1982-1984
40
22
Ratio of liner freight rates to prioes of selected
oo^odities, 1970 and 1980-1983
23
45
£sti‫«؛‬ate of total freight oosts in world t^ade by groups of
countries, 1980, 1982 and 1983
48
LIST CF GRAPHS
Graph
Page
1
World seaborne trade: 1980-1984 (goods loaded).
. . . . . . . . .
1
2
World seaborne trade of selected bulk cargoes, 1980-1984
.. . .
3
3
World seaborne trade loaded by country groups, 1980-1984
.. . .
4
4
World seaborne trade unloaded by country groups, 1980-1984
...
4
5
World tonnage trends by country groups, 1974-1984 . . . . . . . .
8
True management of open-registry fleets ..........................
11
7
Beneficial ownership of open-registry fleets
11
8
Principal types of ships in the world fleet, 1980-1984
. . . . .
13
9
Developing countries' fleet by vessel type at mid-1984
. . . . .
13
7
. . . . . . . . . .
10
Developing countries' fleet at mid-1984 ..........................
18
11
TEU capacity by groups of countries, 1981-84
18
12
Age of the world fleet (grt), mid-year 1984 ......................
13
Comparison of cargo turnover and dwt by country groups, 1984
14
Productivity trends for wo^ld fleet, 1978-1984
15
Burplus tonnage by principal vessel type, year-end 1984
. . . .
27
18
Laid-up tonnage trends by quarters, 1983 and 1984 . . . . . . . .
27
17
Laid-up tonnage by selected vessel types, January 1981 to
Januaryl985
18
.........
.
. . . . . . . . .
٠
19
20
28
..................................................
28
Newbuilding prices for selected vessel types and si^es, 1980-1984
29
TD/B/C.4/289
9‫ﻝ‬
Second-hand prices for selectedfiveyear-oid ships, .٠
2‫ﻩ‬
Scrap prices,
21
Distribution of newbuildingorders
984
٠
8‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻝ‬984 ٠
‫ﻝ‬
30
by principal vessel types
at
third guarter, 1981-1984
32
22
Tonnage on order by country groups, 30 Septe‫«؛‬ber 1984
. . . .
23
Average annual percentage change in world export volu«ies,
1980-1984
33
38
24
Freight indices for VLCC and small tan^rs, 1982-1984 . . . . . .
39
25
Freight indices for liner and tramp vessels, 1982-1984
42
26
Freight as a percentage of import value, 1983
. . . . .
ANNEXES
Annex
I
II
Classification of countries and territories
Merchant fleets of the world by flag of registration, groups of
countries and types of ships, in grt and dwt, at 1 July 1984
43
TD/B/C.4/289
раде viii
EXPLANATORY NOTES
References to dollars ($) are to United States dollars.
Tons refer to metric tons, unless otherwise stated.
Details and percentages in tables do not necessarily add up to the
totals, owing to rounding.
Two dots (..) indicate that the data are not available or are not
separately reported.
A dash (-) signifies that the amount is nil, or less than half the unit
used.
TD/В.с.4/289
INTRODUCTION
The Review of Maritime Transport is an annual puhlioation prepared by the
secretariat of UNCTAD, in accordance with section V of the programme of work
of the C ^ m i t tee on shipping. ‫ﺭ‬
The purpose of the review is to outline and
analyse the main developments in world maritime transport in the past year and
to assess expected future short-term developments.
Emphasis is given to the
development of the merchant marines in developing countries as compared with
other groups of countries.
In order to facilitate the interpretation of some detailed tables, a
number of computer-generated graphs have been introduced.
The explanatory
texts in relation to these graphs, however, often use non-standard
abbreviations because of the format required by the computer programme.
~
Official Records of the Trade and Development Board, Tenth Session,
Supplement No 5 (TD/B/3U1), annex III.
TD/B/C.4/289
page X
SUMMARY OF MAIN DEVELOPMENTS IN 1984
(i)
For the first time in five years the total volume of international
seahorne trade increased and r e a p e d a level of 3.3 billion tons in
1984.
This marXs a significant reversal of the trend which
characterised the 1988-1984 period, as the volume of goods loaded
increased 6.7 per cent over 1983.
(ii)
Conversely, the size of the world fleet declined by mid-1984 to 674.5
million dwt, as compared to 686.0 million dwt in mid-1983, with the
fleets of developed marXet-economy countries experiencing the largest
decline (19.0 million dwt) from the previous mid-year figures.
(iii)
^ n e r s hip remained concentrated in developed marXet-economy countries
and open-registry fleets, whose combined tonnage represented 75.0 per
cent of the 1984 mid-year world merchant fleet (on dwt basis), as
compared to 76.1 per cent as at mid-year 1983.
The 1984 percentage
share for developing countries, however, increased slightly to 15.9
per cent from 15.3 per cent in 1983, while that of the socialist
countries of Eastern Europe and Asia remained about the same as in the
previous year.
(iv)
The low participation of developing countries in the world merchant
fleet continued to be disproportional to their share of international
seaborne trade.
Bpecifically, in 1984, developing countries generated
37 per cent of world cargo moving in international seaborne trade but
only owned 15.9 per cent of the deadweight tonnage.
On the other
hand, developed marXet-economy countries, either directly or
indirectly through open-registry countries, owned 75 .‫ ﻩ‬per cent of
world tonnage while generating 56 per cent of world trade.
(v)
While the demand/supply disequilibrium remained the shipping
industry's main problem, the surplus of tonnage and laid-up dwt
decreased from the previous year.
(vi)
Except for the liner freight and the dry cargo tramp trip charter
indices, all freight rate indices experienced a minimal change over
the 12-month period.
TD/B/C.4/289
page
(vii)
xi
The proportion of freight b a r g e s to 1983 c.i.f. import values for
developing o untries continued to he twioe as high as that of
developed market-eonomy c untries (18.8 per oent and 5.4 per oent,
respeotive^).
(viii)
The United Nations Conference on Conditions for Registration of B h ^ s
held the first part of its session from 18 July to 3 August 1984 and
made considerable progress on a composite text showing draft articles
for an international agreement (two further sessions are to be held in
January and July 1985, respectively).
(ix)
Two liner companies introduced round-the-world container services
during the last quarter of 1984.
Chapter I
THE DEVELOPMENT 0^ INTERNATIONAL SEABORNE TRADE
1.
As shown in tahle 1, 1984 marked the first time in five ^^ears that the
total vol^ie of international seahorne trade increased to reaoh a level of 3 .‫ﺕ‬
Million tons.
This is a significant trend reversal in the volume of goods
loaded (up 6.7‫ ﻣﻞ‬per cent over 1983) during the 1988-1984 period.
Tanker
cargoes in 1984 showed a slight increase over 1983, but were still 23.7 per
cent less than in 1980.
Dr ‫ﻣﻞ‬cargo, however, reached record volumes in 1984
(1.9 billion tons) with both main bulk commodities and other dry cargo
increasing by more than 10.8 per cent over 1983 (see graph 1 for trends by
ma^or cargo groups).
Graph 1
World seaborne trade; 1980-1984
Estimates of goods loaded in millions of tons
SEABORNE TRADE TRENDS
‫ﻡ‬4
200©
3
1800
1600
1400
ж;;
1200
С.ГЛ
١^!.
■
2.
LIQUID BULKS
MAIN BULKS
OTHER DRV
Trends in ton-miles are equally important to the demand for shipping
services and are summarised in table 2.
per cent over 1983.
Total 1984 ton-miles increased 3.8
Liquid hydrocarbons' share of the 1984 total ton-miles
declined to 42.1 per cent, while the proportion of main dry bulk commodities
(iron ore, coal, grain, bauxite/alumina and phosphates) amounted to 29.8 per
cent.
The changes from 1983 reflect the greater use of shorter-haul routes
for petroleum shipments, as more production shifted from Middle East suppliers
to producers closer to major consumption centres in Europe, and the recent
expansion of the world iron and steel industry.
For purposes of comparison,
world seaborne trade of selected bulk cargoes (crude oil and petroleum
products, coal, iron ore and grain) for the period 1980-84 is shown in graph 2.
1/
table 1.
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‫ﺣﻢ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫© © © © — ‪те‬‬
‫ﻭﺀ ©‬
‫ﺹ ©‬
‫‪©١‬‬
‫© ‪с‬‬
‫—©©‬
‫ﻡﺀﻩ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪см٣١٣١٣١٢٧١fO‬‬
‫‪© — те ٠‬‬
‫‪t.+j'ro ،‬‬
‫‪те^те‬‬
‫‪с<л‬‬
‫‪w O toS‬‬
‫؟‪)-‬؛©‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺹ‪،т‬ﻟﺐ‬
‫‪е‬‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﻟﺐ‬
‫©‬
‫— ‪h-‬‬
‫ﺀﺡ ﺹ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﺐ ‪те— те‬‬
‫ﺀ‪£‬ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻡ‬
‫©‬
‫©ى‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫©‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫© ‪>с‬‬
‫—© ﺀ ‪те‬‬
‫د ه<>ﺩﺏ‬
‫‪те ^•Cû‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬‫©‬
‫ع ﻁﺹ ﻁ‬
‫»‪© h‬‬
‫‪©.٠١‬‬
‫‪CT3‬‬
‫‪ — с‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫^ —‪٠‬‬
‫ﻁ‬
‫© ©‬
‫©‬
‫© —‬
‫©‪© с‬‬
‫‪©© ١‬‬
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‫‪ с‬ﻟﺐ‬
‫ط ﺀ© ■‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫—ﻡ‬
‫هﺀح ©‬
‫ﻩ© — ©‬
‫ﻩ ﺗﻠﺞ‬
‫ع‬
‫ح‬
‫ص‬
‫‪fOOOfOOOlAvO‬‬
‫‪0 0 0‬ﻡ\ ‪0‬حممح‬
‫‪OOinr-^-CO‬‬
‫محممﻤﺄ‪40‬‬
‫‪0‬ﺀ ‪-‬ﺍ‪00‬‬
‫‪ те‬ﺡ©—‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪I с‬ﻭﺙ‬
‫‪ -‬م ‪ о со‬؛ ‪о 0 0‬‬
‫^‪©тете‬‬
‫©©©©؛‬
‫ﺹ ﻟﺐ ﻡ‬
‫ﺩ ©■‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫©‬
‫•ﺹ‬
‫©‬
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‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪О‬‬
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‫‪I‬‬
Table 2
World seaborne trade by types of cargo, 1970 and 1980-1984
(Billions of ton-miles)
‫ﺇ‬
Year
Crude
oil
‫ ﺇ ﺇ‬970
‫ ﺍ‬1980
‫ ﺍ‬1981
‫ ﺍ‬1982
‫ ﺍ‬1983
‫ ﺍ‬1984
product
Iron
ore
Coal
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬
Grainâ/l Gther|
cargo‫؛‬
Total
trade
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬
10,654
16,611
15,662
13,499
12,580
13,060
‫ﺍ‬
١
5,597
481 ‫ﺍ‬
890
1,093
475
8,2191,020
1,613
952
1,087
‫ﺍ‬
7.193
1,000
1,508
1,120 ‫ ﺍ‬1,131
5,2121,070
1,443
1,094
1,120
‫ﺍ‬
1,057 ‫ ﺍ‬1,135
4,4781,080
1,320
4,4501,050
1,510
1,200
‫ ﺍ‬01,1‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ ﺍ‬2,118
‫ ﺍﺍ‬3,720
‫ ﺍﺍ‬3,710
‫ ﺍﺍ‬3,560
‫ ﺍﺍ‬3,510
‫ ﺍ‬3,700
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬
Source; Fearnley, Review 1984 (Oslo).
Including w h a t , maize, barley, oats, rye, sorghum and soya beans.
‫ﺍﻕ‬
Graph 2
World seaborne trade of selected bulk cargoes, 1980-1984
(Billions of ton-miles)
14
о
‫ب‬
►
‫ﺑﻢ‬
IXI
to
‫ﺳﺎ‬
...‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫'ة‬.‫ت‬
‫ﺀ‬
H"
‫و‬
CRUDE
r~1 COAL.
Mi
3.
1982
1983
YEAFÜS
PROIIUCÏ ‫ وج‬IRON ORE
6 ‫ ص‬RAIH
1981”
80
The distribution of world seaborne trade by goods loaded and unloaded,
broad commodity classifications and country groupings is given in table 3.
Globally, the dry cargo segment represents 57.0 per cent of the loaded goods
in 1984, while crude oil comprises 32.6 per cent.
The 1984 country grouping
data indicate that developing countries generate 48.5 per cent of all goods
loaded and 25.4 per cent of all goods unloaded, while developed marXet-economy
countries generate 44,1 per cent of all goods loaded and 68.0 per cent of all
goods unloaded.
The socialist countries' shares are 7.4 per cent of the goods
loaded and 6.6 per cent of the goods unloaded.
The percentage shares of goo^s
loaded and unloaded combined are 37, 56 and 7, respectively.
-4-
Over the 1980-1984 period the percentage share of goods.4 »
loaded
‫؛‬
fro
developing countries declined fro»‫ ؛‬.per cent to 48.5 per cent 56.3
Oonversel^, developed »‫؛‬arket-econo»‫؛‬y countries increased their share of goods
loaded fro
per
»‫ ؛‬cent to 44.1 per cent (see graph 3).
During the 37.0
sa »‫؛‬e
five ^^ears (1980-1984) the percentage share of goods unloaded in developed
»‫؛‬arket-econo»‫ ؛؛؛‬countries decreased fro»‫ ؛‬per cent to 68.0 per cent hut 70.5
developing countries increased their share of unloaded
»‫ ^ ؛‬per
goods
2.8 fro
cent to 25.4 per cent (see graph 4).
For socialist countries the percentage
share of hoth goods loaded and unloaded re‫؛؛؛‬ained al»‫؛‬ost unchanged during the
.period 1980-1984
Graph 3
World seaborne trade loaded by country groups , 1980-1984
)percentage of world volu»‫؛‬e total (
‫ج‬4
16‫؛؛‬
I
IE
‫؛‬
‫أ ﺀ‬
32
24
‫ﻝ‬.‫ﻩ‬
‫ا‬::‫و‬
щ
‫■ا‬
E :‫؛[؛‬
‫أ‬
DEUELOPEÜiD
DEUELOFMN®
1١‫ةآ؛‬
‫ا‬::‫م‬
‫ا‬::
SOCIALIST
Graph 4
World seaborne trade unloaded by country groups, 1980-1984
(percentage of world volu«‫؛‬e total)
‫ﺀﻧﺎ‬
I
Ixl
a.
■
□
5.
DEUELOF^EB
DEUEL0PIN6
YEAR
SOCIALIST
For developing countries, 1984, as co«‫؛‬pared with the previous ^^ear,
«‫؛‬arked a continuing decline in the share of world seaborne trade (see graphs ‫؛‬
and 4).
For exa«‫؛‬ple, in 1983 the developing countries accounted for 50.3 per
cent of goods loaded and 48.5 per cent in 1984.
si«‫؛‬ilar^, in the goods
unloaded category, the 1984 percentage share is 25.4 as co«‫؛‬pared to 26.2 in
1983.
Table
World seaborne trade, a/
1970, 1982,1983 and 1984 (est.)
by types of cargo and shares of groups of countries b /
(Millions o£ bons and percentages of world total)
Goods loaded
Country group
Tear
?etroleum
Dry
cargo
^oods unloaded
Total
all
?etroleum
! Dry
cargo
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
roducts‫?؛‬
Crude
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
roducts‫?؛‬
Crude
(Trade in millions o£ tons;
World total
World total
‫ ا‬6052 ‫ ا‬1011
‫ ا‬2733 ‫ ا‬2831
‫ ا‬1103 ‫ ا‬1581
‫ا‬
‫ ا‬1881
(?ercentage share of ٠
sach category
1970،2.6
12.7
‫ﻣﻢ‬.7 ‫ا‬100.0 ‫ ا‬3.5،
1982
35.5 ‫أ‬
‫ ا‬10.7
53.8 ‫ا‬
100.0 ‫ ا‬37.8
1988
33.8 ‫ا‬
11.2
55.0 ‫ا‬
100.0 ‫ ا‬35.9
198،
32.6.،
1 0 ‫اا‬
57.0 ‫ا‬
100.0 ‫ ا‬36.0
1970
110
1982 1 163
1988 1 033
198، 1 0833،،
330
350
3،7
1 893
1 165
1 760
1 710
320
3
302
330
327
325
‫ا‬
‫إ‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
1271
7801
7381
790
1
530
2
393
3
223
3
303
3
of goods in total)
‫ﻫﻪ‬.
11.9
6 100.0
9.752.5
100.0
10.153.9
100.0
9.8
5،.2100.0
(?ercentage share of trade by groups of countries)
Developed
1970
2.0
market-economy 19828.،
countries
1988
8.8
198،
9.2
Socialist
1970
countries o£
1982
Dastern Europe 1983
and Asia198،
٩ /.
6.6
7.1
7.2
27.1
60.031.1
29.665.3
68.377.،
،1.3
29.765.0
،2.067.0
29.7
66.7
، ، . !
67.1
79.679.579.9
65.667.8
77.665.067.0
77.866.8
68.0
8.08.16.1
17.2
6.0
17.36.1
17.35.7
1.1
1.89.66.5
1.7
‫ ﻫﻢ‬٩ ‫؟‬
7.7
3.51.8
7 .‫ه‬
‫د‬.‫د‬
7
8
5
5
3
9.86.7
1.89.6
6.6
Of which:
in Eastern
Europe
in Asia
Developing
countries
(contd)
1970
1982
1988
198،
1970
1982
1988
198،
3.،
5.3
5.7
5.8
8.0
15.6
15.7
15.7
6.95.61.2
،.86.1
9
6 4
6
6.1
‫م‬.
‫م‬.
‫م‬
1.0
0.66.0
2.30.66.1
‫ﻯ‬.‫ﺩ‬
0.66.0
-
1.3
! . ،
! . ،
1.2
0.50.50.1
1.61.21.31.2
1.6
1.21.31.2
1.6
1.21.31.2
19709،.56،.731.9
62.817.9
1982
85.0
53.228.751.3
28.220.8
1983
53.028.950.329.520.6
198،
83.6
53.027.6،8.5
29.،
1
2
1.2
1.2
1.2
‫ آلآل‬٦
٦
،. !
،.2
‫م‬.1
‫؟‬
‫ﻳﻢ‬
7 ‫؟ ? ؟‬
‫ ﺩ‬.‫ﻩ‬
21
2.
‫ه‬
2.5
17.815.116.7
8. 225.7
25.226.2
20.،
23.6
25.،
‫م‬
Table 3 (cont'd)
Of which: с/
in Africa
in America
in Asia
in Europe
in Oceania
19?0
1982
1983
25.4
21.5
21.8
2.4
8.0
7.9
9.1
4.8
4.8
15.2
10.9
10.8
7-9
7.7
4.1
2.5
2.3
‫ذ‬.‫ت‬
1970
1982
1983
12.2
12.8
12.8
38.2
17.3
17.3
13.8
12.5
1^.5
18.0
13.1
13.2
10.5
11.9
12.4
5.1
8.0
8.0
4.4
5.0
5.0
1970
1982
1983
58.9
5D.9
49.7
27.0
8.2
11.2
11.4
31.3
27.1
28.2
8.2
9.3
7,9
11.5
11.8
14.3
14.9
1970
1982
1983
...
197D
1982
1983
2-7.8
27.8
-
-
-
.. .
. . .
.. .
-
. . .
...
-
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
1.7
-
3.8
5.1
8.7
0.1
-
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.8
0.5
-
Source:
UNCTAD data bank,
a/ See note a/ to ^able 1.
b/
See annex I below for the composition of these groups,
с/ Disaggregated esti‫«؛‬ates for 1984 are no^ yet available.
2.9
8.0
5.7
7.2
7-7
7-7
8.4
11.8
12.8
. . .
...
. . .
. ..
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
-7Chapter II
DEVELOPMENT OF T^E WORLD FLEET
A.
6.
Ei^e and ownership
‫ﻩ‬£
world fleet
The world fleet by oountry groupings for the years 1970, 1983 and 1984 is
shown in table 4.
The reoent declining trend in the size of the world fleet
has continued sinoe the 1982 peak of 893.5 million tons and total deadweight
was 874.5 million tons at mid-year 1984.
This represents an 11.5 million dwt
deoline from mid-year 1983, with the fleets of developed market-eonomy
countries experiencing the largest drop (19.0 million dwt).
8y comparison
both socialist and developing country fleets expanded slightly over the same
period.
Graph 5 illustrates the development of the wo^ld merchant fleet by
groups of countries between 1974 and 1984.
Graph 5
World tonnage trends by country groups. 1974-84
(millions of dwt)
►"••
‫ا‬
‫ﺗﺔﺕ‬
YEAR
DEi...'ELOPEri
riJ SOCIALIST
in
7.
OPEN REGISTRY
DEUELOPIHe
Table 4 and graph 5 also indicate that ownership remains concentrated in
the developed market-economy countries and open-registry countries as 75.0 per
cent of the mid-year 1984 deadweight is registered in these two groups.
The
developing countries' share, however, increased marginally to 15.9 per cent in
1984 from 15.3 per cent in 1983, while the socialist
countries' share remained
about the same as in 1983.
8.
Tables 5 and 8 provide details of the linkage between open-registry
fleets and four developed market economies, as of mid-year 1984.
For example,
true management is concentrated in four developed market-economy countries
(United Etates, Japan, Greece, United kingdom) and Hong kong, which together
account for 78,4 per cent of
the total deadweight
of the open-registry
Eimilarly, the proportion of
beneficial ownership of the open-registry
fleet.
fleet
is also concentrated, as only four developed market-economy countries (United
States, Greece, Japan, Norway) and Hong Kong account for 75.0 per cent of the
1984 deadweight (see table 8).
Graphs 8 and 7 illustrate the concentration of
true management and beneficial ownership in a few countries.
Table 4
Distribution of world tonnage a/ (grt and dwt) by groups
of countries of registration. 1970. 1983 and 1984
(Mid-year figures)
Flags of
registration
in groups of
countries
Increase in
tonnage
(millions
of dwt)
Tonnage and percentage shares b/
In dwt (millions!
In g::t (millions!
1984
1983 1984‫(؛‬
24.9
-11.5
1983
1984
217.9
(100.0)
416.9
(100.0)
412.8
(100.0)
(loo.'o)
686.0
(100.0)
674.5
(100.0)
Developed
marketeconomy
countries
141.8
(65.1)
197.3
(47.3)
187.3
(45.4)
211.9
(65.0)
32^.4
(47.0)
303.4
(45.0)
Openregistry
countries
40.9
107.3
(25.8)
110.0
(26.6)
70.3
(21.6)
199.8
(29.1)
202.2
(30.0)
Total 2 and 3 182.0
(83.9
304.6
(73.1)
297.3
(72.0)
282.2
(86.6)
522.2
(76.1)
505.6
(75.0)
Socialist
countries
of Eastern
Europe and
Asia
19.5
43.1
(10.3)
43.5
(10.5)
21.7
(6.6)
54.4
(7.9)
55.4
(8.2)
18.6
33.7
(8.1)
33.5
(8.1)
20.5
(6.2)
40.2
(5.9)
40.3
(6.0)
1.4
‫ت‬
10.0
(2.4)
14.2
(2.0)
15.1
(2.2)
1.00.9
0) 4 (
‫تا‬
(16.5)
20.5
(6.3)
104.9
(15.3)
107.1
(15.9)
5.4
14.8
46.1
1.4
0.3
1.1
8.7
10.7
•
7.7
22.3
73.4
1.3
0.2
7.8
22.2
74.6
2.1
0.4
4.0
) . (
1.7
(0.5)(
7
0)
1970
World total
1970
‫ا‬
1970 1984(Averag،
1983
-19.0
‫ئ‬
9.4
16.0-16.6
1.0
Of which:
in Eastern
Europe
in Asia
(0.’4)(
2
Developing
countries
14.5
(6.7)(
9
2)
) 5
‫ت‬
،
0.1
‫ﺀ‬
Of which:
in
in
in
in
in
Africa
America
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Other,
unallocated(
5
0.8
6.4
7.3
‫ ؟‬٩
-
14.9
45.0
0.9
0.2
‫ت‬
0)
-
0)(
7
‫ت‬
‫ها‬
‫ت‬
‫ت‬
0.50.1
1.0-0.1
4.61.2
-
0.9
0.2
0.32.0
0) 9 (
Source: Compiled on the basis of data supplied by the Shipping Information
Services of Lloyd s Register of Shipping and Lloyd s of London ?ress Ltd.
a/ Excluding the Dnited States Reserve Fleet and the Dnited States and Canadian
Creat L es fleets, which in 1984 amounted respectively to 2.2, 1.7 and 2.0
million grt.
‫ﻛﻠﻪ‬
b/ ?ercentage shares are shown in brackets.
‫إل‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪VI‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﻟﻪ ‪^ ٣ ٣ ١ ٥ ٣١‬‬
‫‪،ЛГ'-СОСМГ^ОСОСМ‬‬
‫مح‬
‫ﻡﺀﺍ‬
‫^<‬
‫محمحﻢ‬
‫حمآلﻡ *‪00‬حمﺎ‬
‫‪0\ ،٨ ^^ ١٥ ٠١‬‬
‫حم ‪٣٠٧٠٠١‬‬
‫ﻩ ‪ ٣ ٣‬ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ‪ ٣ ٣١‬ﻟﻪ ‪ ON,tfCM‬ﻟﻪ ‪٣١‬ممﻢ]‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪ ٥١١٠١٠‬ﺭ‬
‫‪ ٣ ٣ ٣ ٣ ٣ ٣‬ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫هلهلحمحم‬
‫‪ •٠١ CM1ЛО‬ﻭمن‪-‬حم ‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪ ١٥‬ﻟﻪﺹ ﺀ ‪،٨ ٠١‬ﺹ ‪٣١‬‬
‫حم‬
‫‪<٠ ١ ٠‬‬
‫هلﻢ^ﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻪ^ﻡ ﻟﻪ ‪٢ ٠ ٠ ٣ ٠ ١ ٣‬‬
‫‪CM‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣١‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺱ ‪١٥‬‬
‫‪00 ٣‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫‪CM‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫حمحممحﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ‪ ١٥‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪со ٠٧ ٠ ٧ ٣‬‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫>‬
‫—ﺍ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪١٣‬‬
‫‪ ٠١‬ﺍ ﻭﺹ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣١‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪^.OSVOVOICM‬‬
‫‪٠.‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
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‫‪٣ ٣١ I ٣‬‬
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‫‪ ٣ ٣‬ﺍﺹ‬
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‫ﻟﻪ ‪ ٠‬هلﺪﻡ‬
‫‪©CM ٠١‬‬
‫‪1Л‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪•٠‬‬
‫ﺩ‪+‬‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫©‬
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‫©‬
‫‪а‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫<‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫‪TS‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺀﺕ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫\‪о‬‬
‫‪٥ ١٨ ٣٣^ ■ ٣‬‬
‫‪١٥١٥٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪٠٧٠٧‬‬
‫‪Г''©|СОС01СО‬‬
‫‪ in‬ﺻﺎمل ‪٣١٣-‬‬
‫‪١٥١٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪смсм‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪1Л‬‬
‫\‪о‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﺃﺓ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪٢٥٠٧٣‬‬
‫‪٥١‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣١‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠١^١٥٠٧٠٧٣١٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪1Л‬‬
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‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٢٩‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
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‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫حصهلﺢ‪١٣‬ﻫﻪ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٣ ٣ ٣‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪•о‬‬
‫^‪٤٨ ١٥٣‬‬
‫‪٢٥١٥١٥٠‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ميهلﺢ ‪٥‬‬
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‫‪٥‬ﺣﻠﻬﻠﻬﻤﺢ‬
‫‪٠١٤٨٠٢٠‬‬
‫‪٣ ٠ ١ ٢٥‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪*D‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
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‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то 0‬‬
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‫‪о TO‬‬
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‫‪ 0‬ﻡ) ‪ с‬ﺩ‪4‬‬
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‫‪TJ‬‬
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‫‪то‬‬
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‫‪•٠ ٥‬ﺹ‬
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‫‪0 0‬‬
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‫‪•о‬‬
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‫‪о‬‬
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‫‪ I‬ﺹﺀ ‪C O 0 ^ 0 O T O T O 0 N 0‬‬
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‫ق‬
‫ﻟﺺ ﺩﺑﺪﺑﻪ ‪ <£‬ﺗﺎﺀﺩﻳﺘﺎ)ﺩﺏ ‪٠١٢٠ 0‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﻫﻪ‬
‫—‬
‫‪ ——то‬ﻁ—ﻁ ﺀ‬
‫ﻫﺆﺀ ‪ 0 0 0‬ﺀ ©‪ото،-‬‬
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‫‪то‬‬
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‫ؤ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ح‬
‫ﺓ ‪то‬‬
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‫©‬
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‫‪0‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
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‫‪٧٦٠١‬‬
‫— ‪ ü‬ﺩ‪4‬‬
‫‪•о‬‬
‫^‪٠ ٠٣‬‬
‫ىيﻣﺎمم‪-‬ﺩ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ة‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪0،‬‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫مح‬
‫هلﺎ‬
‫‪^■٣٣٠١٣٠٧٣‬‬
‫(‪4‬‬
‫ﺩ‪0‬‬
‫‪то‬ﻁ‬
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‫ﻣﺼﺺ‬
‫ﻩ‪،‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫ﻟﻪﺹ ‪CM‬‬
‫‪^٦٧٦٣١ ^ ٠٧٣٠٧‬‬
‫مج ‪0‬ﺩﻱ‬
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‫ﻭ‬
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‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪со‬‬
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‫‪،-‬ﺅ ‪то‬‬
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‫ﻉ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪^^СМ،Л1Л ١٢١٠١‬‬
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‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫‪٠‬‬
‫مصمحﺤﺒمنﺢ‬
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‫ﺻﺠ‪٣‬ﺠ‬
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‫ممص^ﺍمح حم‬
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‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪ ٤٨ ١٥‬ﻟﻪ‬
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‫‪١٥٣^٥٣‬‬
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‫ﻯ‪٥ ٦‬ﺡ ‪٠ ٣‬‬
‫ﻤﻠﻬﻠﻬﻪ‬
‫مححم‪١٢١‬‬
‫^‪٦٣٠١٠٣‬‬
‫‪٠ ٣٠٧٠٧‬‬
‫^‪٣ ٣‬‬
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‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫’‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪«Ü‬‬
‫ا‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫© م—‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪1 0-‬‬
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‫‪с‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪а‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﺩ‪+‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪О‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫©‬
‫‪٨,‬‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫‪،٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪О‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪.٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫مي‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫مي‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪CM‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪0‬حم ^) ‪VOCMCMVÛ»-с о iT N c oo h-،л 0 0 0‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫ ‪00‬‬‫حم ‪00‬حم ‪0‬ﺀ‪со 1Л CM‬ﺍمح‪-‬ﺩ‪4 0 1Л 1- C M ٢٠ !٠٠٠١٥ 1Л ON‬‬
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‫‪ О‬ﺹ‬
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‫ﺡ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪١٥١٥‬‬
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‫ﻡ"ﺃ “ ‪!٨ ^٢ со CM٢- ٣ ٠ ٣ ٣ ١‬‬
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‫‪ со‬ﻡ>‬
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‫ﻡ^‬
‫ﻡ ‪٣‬‬
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‫ﻱ ﻟﻪﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪1Л‬‬
‫‪а‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪CM‬‬
‫‪•٥١٣٢١‬‬
‫‪СМ1Л‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪1Л‬‬
‫‪CV1‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪ I со г‬ﺝ ‪со I‬‬
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‫مي‬
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‫©‪N‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪٣١‬‬
‫ﺀﺕ‬
‫ﺀﻱ ﻡﻱﻱ‬
‫©‬
‫‪١٥١٥‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪-СМ‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪٣٣١٥‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫©‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻉ ‪те‬‬
‫‪٠١ Ü‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﺐ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫<‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺀ ‪те‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺹ © ﻟﺐ‬
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‫©‬
‫ﺥ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻟﺐ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪С‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫يل‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪ON‬‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫—‪г‬‬
‫‪I-‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪ON‬‬
‫‪1Л‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪см‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻟﺐ‬
‫ﻟﺐ‬
‫‪ Q.‬يل‬
‫© ©‬
‫ﻉ ©‬
‫‪٩‬‬
‫ﻫﺎ إل■‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪т٧١‬‬
‫‪е‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪CM‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫مي‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪ ،٨ ٠‬ﺍ ‪ 0‬ﻣﻬﺎ ©© ﻫﺎ ‪ ١٥‬ﻫﺎﺻﻬﺎﻫﺎ © هل ﻬﺎﺡ © ﺝ‬
‫ﺡ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎﺹ ‪٣‬ﺹ ﺀ ‪ ،٨ ١٥‬ﻟﻪ ‪ ٣١ ١٥‬ﻟﻪ ‪ ٠ ١٥ со‬مي‪ ON‬ﺀ‬
‫ﻱ ‪ ٣ со о‬ﺀ ‪ ٣‬ﻟﻪ ‪On‬ﺹ ‪٣‬ﺹ ﺡﺹ ‪On‬ﺹ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪o• ١ o ١‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻬﻤﻤﻠﻪ>‪0‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﻫﻊ‬
‫‪ON‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪On‬‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫‪٠١٥٣١‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺼﻤﺤﻬﺎﻫﺎ حصهلمصمح ﺤ مي ﻤﺤﻬﺞ ‪ 0‬حم‬
‫هل ﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﺻﻠﻪ ‪ ٥‬ﺇﺻﻮﻫﺢ ‪ ٣‬ﺩ ‪٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٣١١٥١٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪‘٨ ON‬ﺍ مم‬
‫‪٣ ٣ ٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪^c‬‬
‫‪٣١‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﻟﻪﺹ ‪о о‬ﻫﺊ ‪ ١٥‬ﺡﺹ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ ١٥‬ﻡ‪^ ١٥ о ONON‬‬
‫ﻠﻬﻤﺤﻬﺎﺑﻨ مي ﻤﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ 0،‬ﻫﺤﻬﺎ هل ﻤﻬﺎﻫﺎﺍ ‪ 0‬ﺻ مي‬
‫‪ ٣‬مي ميﺹ ‪ ٣‬ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺡ ﻟﻪ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻡ ^‬
‫مي ‪со‬‬
‫^ ﺡ ‪^ о‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ON‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫مي‬
‫مي‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٧١‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٣ ٣‬‬
‫مي‪ ON‬ﺹﺹ‪ ON‬مي ‪١٥ о‬‬
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‫‪ ٣‬ﻟﻪ ‪ ٣- ٣‬ﻟﻪ ‪ ٣‬ﻟﻪ مي * ‪ ^ ٣‬ﻯ ^ ﺀﻫﺎ مه ﺀﺀ ^' ﺕ؛‪0‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪ON‬‬
‫)‪Л‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺑﺔ‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
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‫‪с‬؛©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
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‫‪I‬‬
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‫‪те‬‬
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‫ﻫﺎ ‪со ٣٦ €٥ ٣ ٣١‬‬
‫>‪о‬‬
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‫ة — ده‬
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‫‪i‬‬
‫©‬
‫ف ‪<،‬‬
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‫مم © © ‪т е т е‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
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‫‪،٥‬‬
‫©ق‬
‫ﺍﻡ ©‬
‫ﺕﺀﺩﺑﺪﺏ ‪ £ 0 .‬ﺙ ©©‬
‫—‬
‫©‪— £‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺕﺀﻉ‪ ©те‬ﻁ ‪،‬ﺩﺡ‪ ٠--‬ﺹﺙﻉ©ﺓ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ‪©то‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻭ مم ©مم © ﺩﺑ مس ﺠﻤﻤﻌﺖ © ﺀ مم © ‪ 0‬ﺋﻂ ‪0‬‬
- 11 -
Graph б
True management o£ open-reqlstrv fleets
Mid-1984 - dwt distribution
USA
23.61
Е Э ‫؛ﺀ‬
OTHERS
21.05
QIl‫؛•ت‬
®HON® KON
s
‫©ل‬.‫؛ ﺀﻫﻮ‬
JAPAN
Ë S ‫©ل‬.‫ةﺀﻟﺞ‬
0REECE
‫ا‬::‫ ت‬9 .‫ و‬7 ‫ﻳﺖ‬
UNITED KINSDOri
Graph 7
Beneficial ownership of open-reqlstrv fleets
Mid-1984 - dwt distribution
OTHERS
Ш
24.57J‫؛‬
USA
Œ □‫ل‬-‫ و‬3.
‫؛ﺀو‬
®HON® KON
s
‫?ل‬.‫ثﺀوو‬
REEOE®
JAPAN
‫ت؛ال‬
?‫ﻟﻞ‬£ ‫أآ" ث‬
:^ ‫مب‬81 ‫ا‬
0^
В.
9.
Types of vessels
The world fleet by principal types of vessels in 198^, 1988 and 1984 as
well as the percentage changes between 1983 and 1984 (mid-year figures) are
detailed in table 7.
Four types of vessels - oil tankers, bulk and combined
carriers, general cargo and containerships - are the main categories whose
combined deadweight represents 94.8 per cent of the mid-year 1984 world
fleet.
As shown in graph 8, the composition of t^e principal types has
changed over the 1988-1984 period with oil tanker and general cargo deadweight
declining lb.6 per cent and b.6 per cent, respectively. Gonversely, the
deadweight of bulk carriers and containerships has increased by 15.5 per cent
and 68.4 per cent, respectively.
- 12 -
Table 7
Analysis of the world fleet by principal types of vessel, 1982-1984 a/
(Thousands of dw^) by
?rincipal types
Cil tankers
Liquified gas carriers
Chemical carriers
Miscellaneous tankers
Bulk/oil carriers
(inc. ore/oil carriers)
Gre and bulk carriers
General cargo (inc.
passenger cargo)
Container ships
(fully cellular) and
Lighter carriers
с/
Vehicle carriers
Fish factories and
carriers, and
Fishing (inc.
factory trawlers)
Ferries and passenger
vessels
All other vessels
World total
(100.0)
1982
1983
1984
?ercentage
change
1983/1984
325 243
(46.3)
9 182
(1.3)
5 040
(0.7)
443
(0.06)
49 070
(7.0)
162 149
(23.1)
116 307
(16.5)
306 094
(44.1)
9 530
(1.4)
5 361
(0.8)
480
(-)
49 267
(7.1)
171 370
(24.7)
114 615
(16.5)
286 786
(42.0)
10 151
(1.5)
5 791
(0.8)
439
(-)
46 840
(6.9)
180 846
(26.5)
111 286
(16.3)
14 260
(2.1)
2 704
) 4.(
15 720
(2.2)
3 230
(0.5)
18 036
(2.6)
3 663
(0.5)
7 628
(1.1)
7 838
(1.1)
7 888
(1.2)
+0.6
2 471
(0.3)
7 484
(1.1)
2 516
(0.4)
8 491
(1.2)
2 552
(0.4)
9 008
(1.3)
+1.4
701 980
694 512
683 286
-1.6
‫ه‬
-6.3
+6.5
+8.0
‫ﻣﺔﻣﻢ‬
5
-5.0
+5.5
-3.0
+14.7
+13.4
+6.1
Source : Shipping Information Services of Lloyd's Register of Shipping
and Lloyd s of London ?ress Limited, 1982-1984 (mid-year figures).
a/ The data in this table are not comparable with those in table 4,
because they include the United States Reserve Fleet and the United
States and Canadian Great Lakes fleets.
b/ ?ercentage shares are shown in brackets.
cj As
of 1984 data for container ships and lighter carriers have been
combined by Lloyd s Shipping Information Services.
- 15 -
Graph 8
Principal types o£ ships In the world fleet, 1980-1984
(mid-year data - dwt millicns)
7001
630
‫ﺓ‬
‫ه‬
420
0،
3^0
d
‫م‬
210
140
’.:
?0
H i OIL TANKERS
‫أ‬:::‫ ت‬GENERAL CARGO
10.
eUL,.K CARRIERS
COHTAIMER S.HIPS
The ccmparatiye shares by ccuntry groups and by yessel types between 1 0 0 ‫ﻭ‬
and 1004 is shown in table 0.
Deyeloped market-economy countries had the
largest portion (4b.O per cent) of deadweight for all types of vessels at
mid-year 1004.
Developing countries' total fleet deadweight continued to
increase and now constitutes 15.0 per cent of the world deadweight (mid-year
1004); this represents a 56.6 per cent increase in deadweight in the last five
years (1000-1004).
By comparison, the socialist and open-registry countries'
share of the world deadweight has remained fairly static over the same period.
11.
The composition and concentration of the developing country fleet at
mid-year 1004 is depicted by graphs 0 and 10.
AS shown in graph 0, bulk
carriers predominate as tankers and dry bulk vessels combined comprise 6T.3
per cent of the total.
Tn terms of aggregate deadweight tonnage, 60.5 per
cent of the vessels are registered in 10 developing countries or
territories ,‫إل‬
while the ne^t 10 most important developing countries total
1?.4 per cent of the dwt (see graph 10).
Graph 0
Developing countries' fleet by vessel type at mid-1004
(percentages on dwt basis)
‫ إﻗﺞ‬35.76 ‫ثﺀ‬
TANKERS
‫ﻳﺘﺔة ل‬
3tr□.
DRV B U L K 3 /
l S'.|ERA
AR60""‫؛‬,?
‫ﺀ<ﺀﺀأآل ظ‬
T m i HC
E OR‫؛‬
2/
Republic of korea, Singapore, India, Bong kong, Brazil, Saudi Arabia,
Philippines, kuwait, Argentina, Iran.
3/
Includes combined carriers.
14
-
-
Table
Percentage shar es o f world tonnage by type o f v e s s e l and groups
o f c o u n t r i e s (as a t 1 Ju ly) 1980 . 1982. 1985 and 19(34
a/
(In terms o f dwt)
Country
group
Tear
Ore and
bulk
Tankers c a r r i e r s ‫'ر غ‬Oeneral Container Other
s h ip s
s h ip s
cargo
in c l u d i n g
sh ^ s с/
combined
carriers
Total
dwt
M i l l i o n s Percentage
o f dwt o f world ‫ا‬
total
Percentage share by v e s s e l type
1980
1982
1983
1984
682.8
693.5
686.0
674.5
10049.
10046. 8
10044.
10042.
7
27.2
29.7
s
31.4
4
33.0
Perce ‫؛؛‬t a g e share by
4.5
17.0
1.6
‫ذ‬. 2
16.4
1.9
16.4
2.1
5.6
16.1
2. 7
5.8
group ‫؛‬o f count 5‫؛‬ries
1980
Developed
mar‫ﻛﻞ‬e t -eoonomy 1982
1983
countries
1984
350.1
344.9
322. 4
303 .4
51 ٩
49 7
47050
45 048
52 ‫؟‬
52 8
2
52.7
49 .3
4 5 .8
42 .5
43.4
38.9
36. 6
3 5. 4
74.3
71.3
68. ٥
66. 1
50.4
5 1 .3
50 .7
48.3
1980
1982
1983
1984
212.5
198.7
199.8
202.2
31 1
28 7
29 1
30034
36 9
32 6
33 ٩
31.7
30.8
31 .4
31.9
20.8
19.4
20 .0
20.5
13.5
10.1
10.0
11.7
17.0
17.2
17.2
18.8
1980
1982
1983
1984
48 .7
5 2. 0
54.4
55.4
7 1
5.8
5.9
6. 3
6.8
17.0
18.5
19.2
19.9
3.0
2. 7
4.0
4.7
20.5
18.1
17.5
17.0
1980
1982
1983
1984
37. 8
39.0
4 0. 2
4 0. 3
9 ,8
3 0
٩ 1
‫ د‬0
4.2
4.0
4.2
4. 5
12.3
12.9
13.3
13:7
2. 9
2.6
2. 9
‫د‬.‫د‬
19.2
16.9
16.4
15.7
1980
1982
1983
1984
10.9
13.0
14.2
15.1
‫ع‬
‫و‬
1.6
1.9
2. 1
2. 3
4.7
5.6
5.9
6.2
0.1
0.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.3
1980
1982
1983
1984
6 8. 4
94.5
104.9
107.1
100
13 6
15 ٩
15 ‫و‬
7 7
10 7
12 3
121
9.2
13.3
15.4
17.1
17.6
22. 6
23.7
23.7
7.6
13.1
14.3
13.2
12.0
13.3
14.5
15.8
1980
1982
1983
1984
7. 1
7. 3
7.7
7. 8
11
111
111
11
11
2.4
2.4
••
2.1
2.4
‫ ر‬9
2.6
1980
1982
1983
1984
21.8
21 .2
22 .3
22 .2
3 ‫و‬
9 ٩٩٩
2 ‫ر‬
26
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
World t o t a l
C p e n - r e g is t r y
oo u n t ri es
Socialist
countries of
Eastern Europe
a^d Asia
7
79
‫ة‬
‫ة‬
٩ 4
٩ 6
3 9
‫ودة‬
Cf which:
in Eastern
Europe
in Asia
Developing
countries
٩‫غ‬
‫ ؟‬9
‫ ة‬0
1 ‫غ‬
1 9
2 0
‫صض‬
0
0
0
0
6
8
Of which:
in A f r ic a
in America
(contd)
٩ ‫ه‬
٩٩
‫ﺀدر‬
1
9
1 -‫ق‬
‫و‬
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
3.0
3. 1
2.9
2.3
‫ ر‬٩
‫د‬.‫د‬
3.5
3.6
-
15
-
Table 8 (continued)
Country
group
Tear
in Asia
1980
1982
1988
1984
89.1
68.2
?8.8
?4.6
1980
1982
1988
1984
0.2
0.6
1.8
2.1
1980
1982
1988
1984
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
••
1980
1982
1988
1984
8.0
8.4
4.4
6.4
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.2
0.8
0.8
0.4
i^ Europe
in Cceania
ether.
unallocated
Source:
~ ~ ~ ~
a/
Ore and
bulk
Talkers carriers b/'Ceneral Container Other
cargo
ships
ships
including
ships Ç.J
combined
carriers
Total
dwt
8.7
9.4
10.7
11.1
0.1
0.2
0.8
4.8
7.4
8.8
8.1
8.7
10.0
11.8
18.4
••
0.1
0.8
0.8
‫ضس‬.
0.1
0.6
0.7
1.1
1.7
9.8
14.2
14.7
14.8
2.7
18.0
14.2
12.9
0.1
0.8
0.7
0.8
-
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
-
-
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.6
0.8
0.8
1.6
2.8
8.7
4.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
-
‫س‬
‫س‬
-
••
-
Compiled ou the basis of da^a supplied by the Shippi^^ Information
Services of Lloyd s Register of Shipping and Lloyd s of London Press Ltd.
Excluding the United States Reserve Fleet and the United States and Canadian
Creat Lakes Fleets.
b/ Cre and bulk
a^d above,
carriers
including
of 6,000combined ore/oil
and ore/bulk/oil carriers.
с/
7.8
8.4
9.8
Including passenger cargo vessels.
- 16 -
Graph 10
Developing countries' fleet at micl-1984 (by dwt)
(percentage shares)
69.4"
TOP te :h
‫ﻝ ﻭﻗﺞ‬7.3.7‫ﺕ‬
•‫؛‬
SECOND "ГЕН
‫ﺃ‬::‫ﻝ ﺕ‬
31»
‫ﻳﺄﺓ‬
Al,Л„. OTHERS
12.
The distribution of the world container fleet and TEU capacity is
presented in table 9.
significant supply changes have occurred, as both the
number of containerships and more importantly TEO capacity have increased over
the 1902-1904 period.
The number of ships has increased by 25.3 per cent and
TED slots have expanded 39.1 per cent.
Country grouping TEU shares remain
concentrated in developed market-economy countries' fleets but developing
countries have increased their share to 14.5 per cent of the mid-year 1904
total from 9.0 per cent mid-yea^ 1902 (see graph 11).
within the developing
countries' share, Asian countries account for 90.3 per cent of the TEU
capacity.
Graph 11
TEU capacity by groups of countries. 1901-1904
(percentage shares)
I
I
YEARS
IIEUELOPED
SOClf‫؛‬iLIST
13.
OPEH-REGISTR■•
DEUEL0F4HG
Table 10 gives the latest available figures on world container port
traffic in developing countries and territories for 1903 and data related to
previous years.
The world rate of growth for 1902/1903 was 7.3 per cent,
which may be compared with that achieved in 1901/1902, which was only 4.1 per
cent, but the rate of growth for all developing countries and territories
shown was almost unchanged, remaining at a level slightly above 9 .‫ ﻩ‬per cent.
For these countries and territories, however, the growth was unevenly spread
and frequently erratic from year to year.
- 17 Table
Distribution of world fleet and TEU capacity of fully cellular
containerships by groups of countries. at mid-year
1982. 1983 and 1984
?lags of registration by
groups of countries
Number (3f
ships
TED capacity and
perc ntag shares
‫ق‬
1982 1983 1984
World total
1982
‫ة‬
‫ق‬/
1984
1983
?18
786
900
598 120
(100.0)
697 459
(100.0)
832 112
(100.0)
Developed mar et-economy
countries
431
454
496
412 490
(69.0)
461 608
(66.2)
532 229
(64.0)
Dpen-registry countries
133
127
161
94 765
(15.8)
74 603
(10.7)
100 217
(12.0)
Sub-total
384
581
657
507 255
(84.8)
536 211
(76.9)
632 446
(76.0)
35
49
61
15 934
(2.7)
26 525
(3.8)
33 340
(4.0)
33
39
49
10
12
15 ^80
(2.6)
654
) . (
‫اه‬
19 861
(2.8)
6 664
(1 0)
23 902
(2.9)
9 438
(1.1)
53 814
(9.0)
104 264
(14 9)
120 968
(14.5)
‫ﻛﻞ‬
Socialist countries of
Eastern Europe and Asia
Df which:
in Eastern Europe
in Asia
Developing countries
Of which:
in Africa
in America
in Asia
in Europe
in Oceania
Other,
unallocated
76
128
147
-
-
-
16
11
11
(0.3)
52 285
60
117
136
-
-
-
-
■
-
■
-
23
35
21 117
(3.5)
985
(0.1)
103 279
(14.8)
-
2 048
(0.2)
118 920
(14.3)
-
30 459
(4.4)
45 358
Source : shipping Information Services of Lloyd's Register of
Shipping and Lloyd s of London Press Ltd.
6iy Percentage shares are shown in brackets.
Table 10
Container port traffic o£ developing countries and territories.
1982 and 1983
Container
Container
‫؛‬Percentage Percentage
Country or territory
traffic
1983
change
traffic
1982 ‫ ؛‬change
TEUs)
( ‫؛‬
TEUs)
( ‫؛ ؛‬1982/1983
1981/1982
1,837,047
6
1,859,943
10
Hong Kong
4
1,274,317
1,118,288
14
Singapore
14
13
1,048,981
1,188,538
Saudi Arabia
881,971
13
977,881
Republic of Korea
15
721,575
884,575
Philippines
501,180
411,380
21
United Arab ‫ ﻩ‬١
‫ﺍ‬irates a/
‫إا‬
37
383,975
284,783
8razil
17
304,524
259,4^4
Thailand
30
9
291.231
223,534
Malaysia
27
-11
250,432
284,029
Kuwait
6
215,880
234,814
India
25
180,852
183,018
Cyprus
25
142,858
178,553
Egypt
-19
9
147,751
182.232
Jamaica
-38
151,755
239,908
Nigeria
17
-9
158,352
143,831
Indonesia a/
13
124,229
140,370
Pakistan
-6
-11
157,278
139,254
Ivory Coast
78
24
103,233
128,458
Sri Lanka
-33
28
95,050
120,173
Argentina
-11
135,711
119,838
Panama
18
87,171
111,835
Honduras
52
99,193
99,909
Trinidad and Tobago
92,983
94,844
8ahrain
-29
238
27,011
90,882
Lebanon
37
-18
103,898
88,498
Jordan
45
57,845
83,849
Kenya
-33
121,294
80,541
Mexico
72,218
78.779
Cuam
7
57
48,820
73,858
Costa Rica
37
51,807
71,100
Guadeloupe
-29.:
74,784
71,057
Chile
NA
19
58,170
87,280
Dominican Republic
5 2 ‫ﺍﻡ‬
49
44,999
87,194
Gman
14.!
88,175
87,838
Morocco
35.1
-15
83,188
74,889
Netherlands Antilles
10.1
9
58,334
51,429
Cameroon
22.!
-7
59,189
54,580
Papua New Guinea
NA
119,308
49,049
Venezuela
47,891
48.780
8ahamas
NA
-4
48.808
48,831
Syrian Arab Republic
38,292
38,725
Guatemala
10
33,885
37,398
Colombia a/
0
35,343
35,388
Haiti
24
31,847
35,011
Ecuador
37
-14
38,253
32.808
Peru
6
-8
34,004
31,894
Togo
6
381,721
13
410,039
Gthers reported b/
Total reported by
10,491,473
11,491,509
developing countries^/
42,844,843
45.957.308
World total reported
Source;
Derived from information presented in Containerisation International
Year Books 1984 and 1985.
a/ Data subject to omissions.
b/ Comprising 32 developing countries and territories where less than 30,000
TEUs were reported.
с/ Certain ports did not respond to the background survey; although they were
not among the largest ports; the total omission can be estimated at 5-10
per cent.
1‫ و‬- -
с.
14.
Аде distribution of the world merchant fleet
Trends in the age distribution and countri‫ ؛‬groupings of the world
merchant fleet are detailed in table 11.
The percentage distribution of the
age groups is depicted in graph 12.
Graph 12
Age of the world fleet (grt), mid-year 1984
(percentage)
5'™9 YEARS
‫ه ؛‬.‫ ل‬2 7 .‫ ﺀ‬0 ‫ث'أ‬
24.40 ‫'ت‬
‫ة‬
‫ ل‬YEARS&OUER 5
YEARS 4““0
15.
The m i d y e a r 1984 ayerage age of all ships remained about the same as
1983, with the ayerage age increasing s l i g h t ^ to 11.16 ^^ears.
Tankers were
the youngest type of yessel (10.40 years) and general cargo ships the oldest
(13.60 years).
By country groupings, developed market-economy countries had
the lowest average age (10.^3 years) while socialist countries of Eastern
Europe and Asia had the highest (13.47 years).
D.
16.
Comparison of cargo turnover and fleet ownership
Table 12 contains details of the relationship between cargo volumes
generated by different groups of countries and fleet ownership.
The table
shows that developed market-economy and open-registry fleets continue to own a
disproportionate share of the world merchant fleet compared to total cargo
turnover,
?or example, in 1984 these two country groups generated 56.4 per
cent of the world's international trade but jointly owned 75.8 per cent of the
world's merchant fleet in deadweight tonnage.
By comparison, the share of the
developing countries in goods loaded and unloaded in world seaborne trade in
1984 was 36.6 per cent but their merchant fleet represented only 15.9 per cent
of total world deadweight tonnage.
The share of the socialist countries of
Eastern Europe and Asia, on the other hand, was proportional to their share of
the world's deadweight tonnage.
Graph 13 illustrates the country groupings
and compares the percentage of total cargo loaded and unloaded with the
percentage of deadweight within each.
-
-
Graph 13
Comparison of cargo turnover and dwt by country groups,
(percentage shares)
CARGO TURNOUER
Ш
I
I
١٠
DEUELOPEB&OPEN
SOCIALIST
iz:i DEL'ELOPING
FLEET DWT
3.00
80
80
ÜJ
‫ﺹ‬
<c
h~
‫ﺀ‬
Ш
‫ﻯ‬
‫ﺛﻪ‬
ш
‫ﺕ‬..
60
50
40
10
0
80
82
83
84
YEAR
H i DEUELOPED&OPEN ‫ ص‬SOCIALIST
‫ﺀ‬:‫ﺩ‬
81
DEVELOPING
- 21 -
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ФЗ
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о ‫ﻟﻪ‬
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٠١٠١
‫—ﻉ‬
Тоф
©^
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‫ﻩ‬-‫ﺩﺩ ﻡ‬
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- 22 Table 12
Comparison between total cargo turnover and fleet ownership
by groups of countries, 1970 and 1981 to 1984
(In terms of dwt)
Country
g r o u p in g
Deadweight Percentage Percentage
Goods loaded and Total of
of world
tonnage of of world
nnloaded
total of
total of
T e a r ‫؛‬aillions of tons) loaded and merchant
fleet
merchant
unloaded
fleet
loaded and
(m illio n s
(mllllona
‫ا‬
of tons)
unloaded owned (dwt)
Unloaded‫؛‬
hoaded of tons)
Developed
marl^eteconomy
and openregistry
countries
802.7
1970
1981 1 ^47.2
1982 1 370.7
1 9 8 3 1 327.6
1984 1 48 4 . 4
Socialist
countries
of Dastern
Durope and
1970
1981
1982
1983
1984
A s ia
Developing
countries
World
total a/
8ource :
a/
010 .4
430 .3
305.3
162.1
282.;
2^9 . 0
812.1
877.5
676.0
489.7
733.4
158
233
242
239
245
87
217
221
217
218
264 .4
451. 2
46 3 .4
456.7
464. 0
1970
1981
1982
1983
1984
643
896
660
543
590
431
867
866
843
835
074.9
764.1
526 .6
386.6
425 .6
1970
1981
1982
1983
1984
604
134.4
067.3
00
00 0
511
688
00
666.0
693
00
333. 0
623.0
686
00
674
00
00
00
00
00
273
110
320
223
303
5 4 9 .;
543.1
522.:
505.١
5،.
54.
55.
55.
56.
79
78
76
75
7
21
50
52
54
55
20
94
104
107
UNCTAD data haul، ■
Including unallocated tonnage Indicated In anne^
40
39
37
37
36
12
13
15
0
0
0
0
- 25 Chapter III
PRODUCTIVITY OF THE WORLD FLEET
A.
17.
Estimates o£ tons and ton-mlles per dwt
Two productivity indicators for the world fleet are given in tahle 13.
Both confirm that the long-term decline was reversed in 1984 as tons of cargo
carried per dwt was 4.9^ (as compared to 4.53 in 1983) and ton-miles performed
per dwt amounted to 19.38 (as compared to 18.34 in 1983).
When only the
active world fleet is considered, (e g, all vessels over 300 dwt that are not
laid-up), the tons of cargo carried per dwt increased to 5.40 tons in 1984
from 5.08 tons in 1983‫ﻣال‬.
Productivity indicators according to types of
carriers are shown in tahles 14 and 15.
Table 13
Cargo tonnage carried and ton-miles performed per dwt of
the t o t a ^ T l d fleet, 1970 and 1 9 3 4
Year
World fleet
(millions of dwt)
1970 ‫ا‬
1978 ‫ا‬
1977 ‫ا‬
1978 ‫ا‬
1979873.7
‫ا‬
1980 ‫ا‬
1981 ‫ا‬
1982893.5
‫ا‬
1983888.0
‫ا‬
1984 ‫ا‬
Sources;
4/
328.1
801.2
842.3
882.8
882.8
888.8
874.5
Total cargo
carried
(millions
of tons)
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
3,778‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
3,273‫ا‬
3,110‫ا‬
‫ا‬
2,805
3,391
3,453
3,481
3,704
3,555
3,320
Total ton-miles
performed
(thousands of
millions of
ton-miles)
10,854
17,053
17,478
17,022
17,875
18,777
15,840
13,899
12,850
13,080
‫ ^و‬8- ‫ا‬
Tons of
cargo
carried
per dwt
‫ ﺍ‬٦.99
5.
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬
84
38
‫ و‬. 22
‫لآ‬.
81
٩ . 42
18
4 .72
4 .53
4 .92
Ton-miles
performed
per dwt
(thousands)
32.87
28.38
27.21
25.88
28.24
24.47
22.99
2D.48
18.34
19.38
World fleet : Lloyd's Register of Shipping; Statistical Tables
(London), various issues (mid-year figures); total cargo carried:
United Nations. Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, January issues;
ton-miles: Fearnley's Review (Cslo), various issues.
Based upon world fleet less laid-up tonnage divided into total world
seaborne trade for 1983 and 1984.
‫‪- 24 -‬‬
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18.
The principal reason for these declining trends in productivity, with the
exception of 1979 and 1984, is the structural disequilibrium of the
international shipping market.
The decline in world trading activities
decreased the demand for shipping services during the 1979 to 1988 period, but
the supply of shipping continued to expand through 1982.
However, by 1988 the
overall si^e of the world fleet started to decline and this continued in
198^‫؛‬
‫ ﻩ‬. orld trade volumes, on the other hand, expanded in 1984, leading to an
increase in productivity (see graph 14).
Graph 14
Productivity trends for world fleet, 1976-1984
(tons of cargo carried per dwt)
4 ,5 0
4
YEARS
‫ه‬
B.
19.
CrtR6 0 -’TiWT
Estimates of tonnage over-supplv
The basic demand/supply disequilibrium problem that has characterised the
world shipping industry in recent years showed some moderate improvement in
1984.
By ship type, over-supply conditions were still most noticeable in the
tanker sector because ton-mile demand for liquid hydrocarbons was well below
that of previous peak periods, and tanker fleet capacity, even though reduced
by about 6.8 per cent between mid-1988 and mid-1984, was still estimated to be
118.4 million'^ deadweight tons in surplus^^ in December 1984 (composed of
(in million dwt): slow steaming: 88.4‫ ؛‬laid-up: 48.1; idle: 28.9).
In the dry
bulk sector, surplus tonnage at the end of 1984 was 22.8 per cent or about
68.1 million tons deadweight^ (composed of (in million dwt): slow steaming:
88.1;
laid-up: 6.6;
idle: 6.4).
For the general cargo and unitized category
the balance was closer to equilibrium, as the December 1984 percentage of
surplus vessels was only 8.4.
A comparison by principal vessel types is shown
in graph 16.
5/
Based on Lloyd's Shipping Economist, volume 7, No 1, London, January 1986.
6/
Surplus tonnage defined as tonnage which is not fully utilised owing to
slow steaming, lay-up status, or lying idle for reasons other than lay-up
(i e, casualty, storage, under repair, etc.)
7/
Ibid.
- 27 Graph 15
8/
Surplus tonnage by principal vessel type, vear-end 1984"
(millions of dwt)
‫وﺀ‬
и...
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺗ‬
:
‫ا‬
،о
‫ب‬
■
_.
‫ل‬
‫ﺀ‬
UESSEl
WORLD FLEET
20.
rVPES
SURPLUS ТОИНА0Е‫ ؛‬1
An important aspect of the disequilibrium conditions in the market is
world laid-up tonnaqe (i.e. inactive ships laid up for lack of emploient).
By year-end 1984 the laid-up tonnaqe amounted to 59.85 million deadweight
tons, which is 23.15 per cent less than the fourth quarter figure for 1983
(see graph 18).
The effect of the decrease in laid-up tonnage is to increase
the supply of active tonnage in the world freight market, and thus exacerbate
the over-supply problem.
Graph 18
Laid-up tonnage trends"^by quarters, 1983 and 1984
(millions of dwt)
i
‫ب‬
-.ж1
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺀ‬
100
95
90
S5
80
?5
70
‫غ‬,
5
60
55
50
mm
‫؛‬BHIPS
8/
Ibid.
1‫و‬83
‫ا‬
>300 DWT
‫^وول‬
In this graph, "general" includes unitized vessels and "tankers"
includes combined vessels.
9/
See Institute of Shipping Economics, Bremen, Shipping Statistics, January
1985.
21.
Comparative data for the combined l a i d - ^ tonnage of the principal types
of vessels in the world fleet over the last five years (as at January of each
year 1981 to 1985) indicate that the peak years for lay-up were in 1988 and
1984 (76.7 and 76.6 million dwt, respectively) and that tanker tonnage
predominated.
In addition, dry bulk carriers and combination oil/dry bulk
vessels were a significant portion of the laid-up fleet during the 1988-1985
period.
This is illustrated in graph 17.
As noted previously, the
explanation for the massive increase in the laid-up fleet can be traced to the
continuing supply of new tonnage that was delivered in the 1988-1984 period
and the contraction of world trade during the same period.
Conversely, the
recent expansion of world trade during 1984 and the decline in the delivery
during 1984 of tankers and bulk/oil carriers (see table 19) has reduced the
lay-up fleet for these two types of vessels in 1984.
Nevertheless,
overtonnaging remains the most serious problem for the international shipping
industry as large amounts of surplus tonnage continue to exist for all major
categories of vessels (as shown in graph 15).
Graph 17
Laid-up tonnage by selected vessel types.
January 1981 to January 1985
10/
(dwt millions)
‫!•‘••ﺀ‬
Ш LINER
BULK‫؛‬TC0MBiNEi:i
10/
OTHER :
dry c a r g o
TANKER
Institute of Shipping Economics. Shipping Statistics Yearbook 1984 and
Shipping Statistics, February 1985,
Chapter IV
SHIPBUILDING
A.
22.
Ship prices
Shipbuilding prices for representative newbuildings are contained in
table 16, while selected vessel newbuilding price trends for the 1980-1984
period are noted in graph 18.
The 1984 recorded prices for almost all y p e s
and sizes declined from 1988 and marked a continuation of lower price trends
since the peak
‫ﻣﻞ‬ears
of 1981/1982.
In 1984 large ro/ro vessels and bulk
carriers experienced the sharpest drop while LNG and general cargo vessel
prices remained about the same as for 1983.
Graph 18
Newbuildinq prices
11/
for selected vessel types and sizes. 1980-1984
(millions of dollars)
40p
3 7 ■■
34 ■
31 "
о
>
‫مبﺀد‬
20"
22^
16"
13"
10"
•X
23.
‫ﻩ‬
88
81
70,OOODWT B U L K
15.0006ENERAL
■"
‫"""■™""مبﺐ‬-....
82
YEAR
83
٠ 80,000
٠٠1 600
84
nWT TANKER
TE:U s n i p
Becond-hand prices in 1984 slightly declined, except for a mid-year peak
for VLCCs.
The explanation for these price trends (see graph 19) may be found
in relatively stable freight market conditions (see table 21), which provided
little incentive for shipowners to increase their purchases of second-hand
vessels.
Demolition prices, however, increased during the January-December
1984 period, particularly in southern Europe, as steel production expanded in
EEC countries (see graph 28).
11/
Lloyd's Shipping Economist (London), various issues.
-
‫و‬
0-
Graph 19
12/
Second-hand prices for selected Elve-year-old s h l p s ~ ^ , 1984
(millions of dollars)
1,4
5 02,:
‫„؛‬
‫ﻗﺞ‬
‫;ﺍ‬,‫ﺁ‬:‫ﺍ‬
iz;
9.50 :
‫ﺀ‬
‫مب«ﺀ‬
‫مبمب‬
'‫ﺲ‬
‫مم‬
.;
9
6.50 ‫ا‬
‫ﺕ‬.‫ﺋﻖ‬
MONTH
LINER
1 5 ,‫س‬
'*■
KER
BUL 2 7 ” 3 5 ,0 0 0"
«‫ ؛‬: TANKER 3 0 - 3 5 ,000 ٠٠ ULOO 280K
‫ه‬
Graph 20
13/
Scrap prices, 1984
(dollars per LDT)
:
‫ ا‬50
1,40
‫ ل‬30
‫آلﺀ‬
‫ﺍ‬،‫ﺲ‬
, ،<
‫ﺀﺝ‬
‫ﻣﺴ‬
”*
‫*'ﻡ‬
‫"”*ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺃﺃﺀ‬
120
1,1,0
1,00
90
,,,,,
•
11١ I٠ ,١!
I‫ﺕ‬
I‫ﺕ‬
<‫ﺍﺑﺎ‬
• <‫؟؛ ﻩ‬
‫يه‬
‫ﺍﻡ'ﺍ‬
‫ﻱ؛'؛‬
..,‫ﺱ‬
]‫ﻣﺄﻫﺮ‬
,‫مب‬
‫ﺏ؟‬
‫!؛؛‬٠‫ﺙ‬
'‫ﺕﺍ‬
‫ﻱ؛ﺕ‬
!‫’!ﺃ'؛‬
'‫مم‬
'!'
T•
!Ï<M■11‘!'| I‫■أ‬Ï
*
I!!••>•I
'، •
90
70
50
"Г
‫ه‬
■
١
"1Г
*
FAR EAST
URORE‫؛؛‬:
SOL,l'T'H ^
PAKÏSTAHYÏNDÏA
12/
Eggar Forrester, Shipping Commentary, December 1984.
13/
Institute o^ Shipping Economics, 8remen, Shipping Statistics, Decemher
1984.
-‫و‬
1“
Table 16
Representative
nevbuilding p r i1980
c e s . and 1982-1984.
------------------------------------------( M i l l i o n s o f ’ cio’l l
Type and sige of vessel
1980
1982
1983
1984
30 ООО dwt bulk
16.7
19.2
15.0
14.0
32 ООО dwt tanker
18.7
27.7
24.0
18.0
?0 ООО dwt bulk
23.6
29.9
22.5
17.5
80 ООО dwt tanker
28.3
34.1
30.0
23.0
120 ООО dwt bulk
32.2
41.3
32.0
27.5
250 ООО dwt tanker
75.0
75.0
73.0
60.0
125 ООО m3 LNG
200.0
249.1
200.0
200.0
?5 ООО m3 L?G
77.0
70.0
55.0
50.0
43.7
43.7
40.0
28.0
15 ООО dwt general cargc ship
13.9
14.0
13.0
12.8
1 600 TEU full ccntainership
31.5
34.7
1 200 TEU ro/ro
Source:
23.0
Lloyd's Shipping Economist (London). various issues.
- 32 -
В.
24.
Tonnage on order
Trends during the 19B2-19B4 period and the third quarter 19B4 status of
worid tonnage on order are summarised in tahies 7‫ ﻝ‬and 8 ‫ﻝ‬.
World tonnage on
order as at September 19B4 (46.6 million dwt) stood at ahout the same level as
in September 19B2.
Tndeed, in spite of the continuing situation of
overtonnaging in practically all sectors, there has not heen any drastic
decline in tonnage on order during the 1982-1984 period (see graph 21).
However, a certain shift in the mi^ of shipbuilding orders from tankers to dry
bulk carriers is noticed.
The continuation of relatively high levels of
ordering - in the face of a situation of continuing oversupply of tonnage may be explained partly by the expectation of shipowners that world production
and trade will improve and thus create additional transport demand
(particularly in the dry bulk sector).
In addition newbuilding prices have
decreased, while many Governments continue to support their shipbuilding
industry with subsidy programmes, and thus the net result of all of the above
has been to encourage new shipbuilding orders.
As at year-end 1984, a total
of 29.46 million dwt was due for delivery in 1985 while very little tonnage
was scheduled for later delivery.
Graph 21
Distribution of newbuilding orders by principal vessel types
at third quarter. 1981-1984
(dwt millions)
ТЙ
‫م‬,,
‫ﺀ‬
٠
40
‫ا""ﺀ‬
к:
30
3
20
‫آلﺀ‬
‫ل‬0 ‫أ‬
■
0
MU TANKERS
[‫ت‬
□TNER SHIPS
BULK CFHRRIERS
- 55 25.
The distribution of ne١‫ﺀ‬buildin ‫ ﻭ‬orders among country groups (see table 18
and graph 22) indicates that the combined total of developed market-economy
countries and open-registry countries represents 72.4 per cent of the total
deadweight on order as at 30 September 1984.
8y comparison developing
countries and socialist countries accounted for 20.3 per cent and 7.3 per
cent
٠ respectively.
Graph 22
Tonnage on order by country groups, 30 September 1984
(percentage distribution based on dwt)
ГЛ] 3 0 . 4 ‫ﺓﺃﻭ‬
IIEUELOPED
Ш 3 3 . ‫ﺕ@ ﻭ‬
■‫؛‬
OPEN-REGISTRY
И
2 0 .3 0 ‫ﺓﺃ‬
riEUELOPIhlG
‫ﺩﺀ‬
3?.
‫ﻝ‬,‫؛ﺀ‬
SOCIALIST
С.
26.
Deliveries of newbuildings
Trends in newbuilding deliveries are presented in table 19.
For the
1982-1984 period total deadweight and number of vessels delivered by shipyards
declined 4.^ per cent and 8.2 per cent respectively.
8y vessel type, tankers
experienced a 36.9 per cent decline in deadweight deliveries, while general
cargo ships increased deadweight by 36.^ per cent for the same three-year
period (1982-1984).
27.
The country grouping's share of newbuilding grt deliveries are shown in
table 20 (figures based on January to September deliveries).
In 1984 the
share of developed market-economy countries dropped to 77.0 per cent, as
compared to 83.0 per cent in 1983 and 78.6 per cent in 1982.
Gn the other
hand, the share of developing countries in 1984 was 9.7 per cent (as compared
to 7.8 per cent in 1983 and 12.1 per cent in 1982) while that of socialist
countries of Eastern Europe and Asia was 8.4 per cent in 1984 (7.0 per cent in
1983 and 7.5 per cent in 1982).
- 34 -
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‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
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‫ﻟﻢ‬
‫مي‬
‫ﺁ‬
‫©‬
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‫ﺏﺀ‬
‫©‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪сто‬‬
‫‪—— а‬‬
‫دم‪— то‬‬
‫ﻋﺪي ‪3‬‬
‫‪ с то‬ﺣﺎ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
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‫ﻝ‬
‫©•‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺫ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﻳﻢ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺫ‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫اﺻﺺ‬
‫^‪٤٨١٥‬‬
‫ﺑﻨ ميمي‬
‫ﺫﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٣١٥١٥‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺀ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
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‫©‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٤٨٠١‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪٠١٠١‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٠١‬‬
‫‪١٥ ٠١‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪Q‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫■‬
‫©‬
‫‪•О‬‬
‫‪•О‬‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫‪© то‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺛﻪ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪٧٦٣‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ©‬
‫‪١٥ о‬‬
‫مي ﺹ‬
‫ﻟﻪ —‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫مي‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥١‬‬
‫مي‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪со ٤٨‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺹ‬
‫مي‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫»‬
‫©‬
‫—ﻡ‬
‫©‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﻟ ﻮ‪٥‬‬
‫ﺕ' ﻫﻊ‬
‫■‪Ф‬‬
‫ﺀ ‪٠‬‬
‫‪ с (С‬ط‬
‫ﺉ ‪ >٠‬ﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫©‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪то،-*о‬‬
‫©ﺍ‬
‫© ‪© ٦٥‬‬
‫©‪ 3‬ﻉ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪I-‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺅ‬
‫‪....‬‬
‫ﺍﺹ‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﺀﺀ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻪﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то то‬‬
‫‪то٠‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ص‬
‫©©©‬
‫©‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©ﻉ‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪то с‬‬
‫‪к©то‬‬
‫د‪+‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫>‪</‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫©‬
‫‪и‬‬‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪а‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪©.‬‬
‫©•‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﺹ >‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻡ©‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫|‪ то‬ﺹ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺀ—‬
‫‪г‬‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪Z‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫‪٤ ٨٠٥٨٣‬‬
‫‪١٥^٣‬‬
‫‪^٣١٥‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫© مي ﺹ‬
‫© ‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫© ﺹﻡ‬
‫‪ ٣ ٣‬مي‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫©‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫© ‪со‬‬
‫‪٤٨ ١٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪а‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫—‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©‪тот‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪Т ф‬؛‬
‫©‪то‬‬
‫‪:>> < о‬‬
‫♦‪к‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫©‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫؛‬
‫‪ то‬د‪+‬‬
‫‪«то‬‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫>‬
‫‪СС‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫•‪к‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪гЧ‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺹ‬
‫‪ то‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫يل‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫©‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪©.‬‬‫ﺍﻉ‬
‫‪TOC‬‬
‫ص‬
‫؛}‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫©‬
‫— ©‬
‫‪©с‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫د‪+‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪«، -‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫©‪٥‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪к‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫©^‪то‬‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫م ‪0‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫■‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©•‬
‫© ﻁ‬
‫— ع©‬
‫ﺍ— ﺀ‬
‫ﺍ ‪ 3‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫ت‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫©‬
‫»©‬
‫©‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫«‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
-‫ و‬6
٠
Table 19
Deliveries of newbuildings. 1982-1984 a/
(Number of ships and thousands of grt/dwt)
1982
1983
1984
146
? 301
903
136
2 636
700
100
4061
464
2
390
5
103
172
Type of ship
Tankers
hulk/oil carriers
Ore and bulk carriers
Total
‫د‬
Number
Grt
Dwt
1414
394
1 1121070
Number
^rt
Dwt
Oeneral cargo ships b/
Other ships
Number
Ort
Dwt
219
6 318
11 348
‫ه‬
190273
‫ ؟‬068
817
‫ة‬
228
Number
Grt
Dwt
178189
9061131
1 413
Number
Grt
Dwt
‫و‬
٩
‫ص‬
‫د‬
Number
Grt
Dwt
1 080
409
891
1 6371637
12 32712609
20 87019464
387
6
131
11
4801
1 613
9311
1 128
144
264
933
307
3
432
3
3641
083
13
130
19
Source : Information provided b^^ the Shipping Information S e ^ ^ c e s
of Lloyd s Register of Shipping and Lloyd s of London Press Ltd.
a/ The figure^ in this table refer to the period January eptember for each year.
‫ﻣﺢ‬
b/ Vessels of 2,000
and ove^.
-57-
Table 20
Distribution of deliveries of newbuildings by
groups of countries of build. 1982-1984 a /
(Thousands of gr t ) b /
Country grouping
1982
1988
1984
Developed market-economy
countries
9 898
(78.6)
10 448
(83.0)
10 012
(//. )
Developing countries
1 519
(12.1)
975
(7.8)
1 263
(9.7)
Socialist countries
94^
(7.5)
881
(7.0)
1 086
(6.4)
ether, unallocated
228
(l.S)
282
(2.2)
632
(4.9)
12 587
12 581
12 993
World total
(100.0)
٥
Source : Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data
contained in Lloyd s Register of Shipping : Merchant shipbuilding
returns, quarterly issues of the respective years.
a/ As for
^ptember.
in tabl19
quarterly
table 19, this table is based on the period January to
Rowever the total tonnages are not exactly the same as
‫ ؟‬because of possibly incomplete figures given in the
returns.
b/ The percentage shares of the world total are indicated in
b r a ckets.
Chapter V
FREIGHT MARKETS
A.
28.
Freight rates of main cargo sectors
Comparative freight trend indicators for the 1982-84 period for major
market sectors, are presented in tahle 21.
The annual average shows an
increasing trend for all indices except handy size dirty tankers with the
largest increases hetween 1982 and 1984 shown for VLCC/ULCC tankers (plus 84.8
per cent)
liner freight rates (plus 28.8 per cent) and dry cargo tramp time
charter (plus 19.4 per cent).
This upturn in average freight rate levels
would appear to have been influenced by a 8.7 per cent increase in the volume
of world seaborne trade.
As indicated in chapter I, this results (among other
factors) from expanded steel manufacturing and the derived shipping demand for
steel raw materials (iron ore ton-miles up 14.4 per cent over 1988), a
marginal expansion of grain ton-^iles (up 1,8 per cent over 1988), and a
significant increase in coking and thermal coal seaborne trade (an increase of
18.5 per cent over 1988).
Graph 28
Average annual percentage change in world export volumes, 1980-1984
F"■■
‫ﻟﺖ‬
‫؛؛؛‬.
‘
‫ﺉ‬
‫ج‬
■
□
Source:
29.
'TOTAL,
MIWERAL,&‫؛‬FUELS
rtSRICULTURAL
MANUFACTURES
GATT, International trade in 1984 and current prospects, March 1985.
The supply side of the freight market, however, counterbalanced the
in^^ease in the demand fo^ shipping services and thus the primary reason for a
rather static 1984 freight market is the substantial over-tonnaging found in
most sectors of the shipping industry.
30.
Turning to individual market sectors, 1984 tanker freight rates ‫^؟‬ere
generally higher than in the two previous years, but are still depressed with
worldscale rates at about the break-even point.
However, war risk insurance
premiums increased for vessels trading from Iranian ports which resulted in a
price differential for tankers loading within Gulf ports.
shorter-haul tanker trades, e g,
١‫ﻡ‬est
Freight rates for
Africa and North Africa to Europe, and
Garibbean to the United Etates, reflected particular seasonal fluctuations
although monthly changes during 1984 were not very pronounced.
For example,
worldscale spot rates for a 30,000 dwt carrier from the Garibbean to United
Etates East Goast were reported to be 150 in January 1984 and 140 by
year-end ,‫ ﺩ ال‬while worldscale rates from the Mediterranean to Northwest
Europe (17-30,000 dwt) were 3.6 per cent higher in November than in January
1984 .‫ﺹ‬
In the smaller tanker freight market, the indices for small crude
and product carriers also remained at about the same level over the 12-month
1984 period, e.g. down 4.1 per cent from January to December, but the average
annual index was marginally higher (89) for 1984 than for 1982 and 1983, with
average annual indices of 78 and 82, respectively .‫ﺹ‬
Graph 24
Freight indices for VLGG and small tankers, 1982-1984
(Worldscale)
150
‫؛‬s
105
90
60 ;
45
3 ® '■
‫ي ﺀ ة‬
‫*؛'' ﺀ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺤﺒﻤﻊﺀﺀ‬
*“*
‫ﺀ؛ ﺑﻢ‬
15
‫ﻩ‬
82
ULCC.-a.lLCC
‫ا‬
83
*
‫ا‬
SM A LL
84
C A R R I E f ;S‫؛؛‬
14/
Fearnleys Review 1984, page 35.
15/
Drewry Ehipping Consultants. Shipping Etatistlcs and Economics. January
1985, page 9.
16/
Table 21.
‫* ﻩ‪4‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫ﺃﻡ‬
‫©‬
‫‪©a‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪то*о‬‬
‫‪©с‬‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪>го‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻁ©‬
‫©ﺗﻞ‬
‫ميحمحمﻢ ‪ 0‬حمﻪ^ © حمحمﻢ ©‬
‫‪ CMСЧ1 -‬ﻡ ‪ -‬ﺍ هل ﻤﺎ ‪ 0‬ﻡ “ﺍ “ﺍ‪٣- CM‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫— ‪то‬‬
‫—د‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪ото‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то*о‬‬
‫يل‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫— ©‬
‫— ©‬
‫©‬
‫‪g‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪ то‬ﺓ‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﺍﺻ مي‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫>ﻯ‬
‫©‪к‬‬
‫ﻉ©‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٤٨‬‬
‫©‬
‫—‬
‫ﺹ ﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫هل ﻤﻬ مي © ﻫﺎﺻﺺ ©ﻣ مي ﺺ‬
‫مي ﻡ مي ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ‪ ١٥ ٤٨‬مي ﻟﻪ مي ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫©‬
‫‪ ٤٨‬مي ‪٤٨‬ﺹ ©ﻭ مي ﻉ ﻟﻪ ‪٤٨ ٤٨ ٣‬‬
‫مي ﻡﺹ مي مي ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﺍﺻﺼﺼﻠﻬﻤﺤﻤﻤﺤﻠﻪ ‪ o o‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻭ مي ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻭ ‪ ،‬آل‬
‫©©‬
‫‪Кто‬‬
‫‪ то‬ﻩ■•‬
‫‪TOC‬‬
‫^‪Ого‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺇﻝ ©‬
‫ﻯ‬
‫آل ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺹ‬
‫©‬
‫‪>•0*0‬‬
‫‪го\то‬‬
‫—‪ü I‬‬
‫ﺡ ©‪о‬‬
‫آل ﻝ ©‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪•о‬‬
‫ع•‬
‫‪Кто‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©‪то‬‬
‫‪С С‬‬
‫— ‪то‬‬
‫©‪— то‬‬
‫©‬
‫م‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫آل‬
‫ﻡ ©ﺩ‬
‫© ﺍ ‪Q.‬‬
‫‪،٠١٥‬‬
‫‪© СТО‬‬
‫‪ со‬ﻩ ‪то‬‬
‫ﺹ ©آل‬
‫ﺍ ﺍﺭﻡ‬
‫—©©‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪>،©а‬‬
‫‪о — то‬‬
‫© ©‪то‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫مي ﻬﺤ مي ﺤ مي ©■ ‪ ٢‬ﺻﺼمي ﺺ ‪٨‬ﺍ‬
‫‪٤٨١٥١٥٥٣٢‬‬
‫^‪٣ ١ ٥ ١ ٥ ٣ ٣‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻕ؛ﺇ‬
‫ﻡ آلﻡ‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫—ﻉ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‪с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫©©‬
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‫‪с‬‬
‫‪^то‬‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫©©‬
‫آل‬
‫‪СС‬‬
‫©— ©‬
‫‪кто‬‬
‫‪а‬‬
‫©©‬
‫^‪с‬‬
‫— ‪то‬‬
‫آل‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫| ﻣﺂ‬
‫ﺍﺩ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫©‬
‫ق‬
‫ﻡ‬
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31.
In 1984, dry bulk trades voyage and trip b a r t e r rates for the major bulk
oommodities experienced a mid-year surge but by December representative
freights were about the same as in January.
For example, in the international
iron ore trades in which 1984 exports reached 299 million tons ,‫ ﺹ‬freight
rates for brazil to Europe in 8 ‫ﻩ‬,‫ ﻫﻬﻪ‬1‫ﻫﻪ‬,‫ ﻫﻬﻪ‬dwt vessels were about
$5.25/ton~^ in January 1984 and were almost the same in late October.
Orain shipments followed a similar 1984 pattern as rates from the us Oulf to
N o r thwest Europe in 50-60,000 dwt vessels started the year at about
$9.00/ton, peaked in Nay at $11.00/ton and ended the year at $9.00/ton .‫ﺹ‬
Representative coal cargo rates also showed relatively little change, with the
percentage difference between January 1984 and December 1984 down only 8.0 per
cent for ?anamax-size shipments on the Hampton Roads/Japan route .‫ﺹ‬
32.
Selected 1984 freight rates for other dry bulk commodities that are of
particular interest to developing countries are summarized below:
Commodity
Route
Grain
Grain
Iron ore
Sugar
Fertilizers
Fertilizers
United States (Gulf of Nexico)/Venezuela ..
United States (Gulf of Nexico)/China ......
Nonrovia/NorthWest Europe ................
Mauritius/United Kingdom ..................
Aqaba/West Coast India ....................
United States (Gulf Coast)/Nest Coast India
Source:
33.
Freight rate range
$US/ton
Low
Nigh
17.00
29.00
6.25
11.58
15.00
37.00
9.50
23.56
4.40
15.73
11.25
30.00
Lloyd's List, various issues.
The time charter rates in the dry bulk sector reached a three-year high
in 1984.
The annual average index was 19.4 per cent above the 1982 index and
21.8 per cent higher than the average annual inde^ in 1 9 8 3 . By vessel
size, 12-month period fixtures for 100,000 dwt vessels peaked in Nay 1984 with
rates reaching $2.55/dwt/month.
December rates, however, declined to
$2.05/dwt/month, but this was still 10.8 per cent higher than the January 1984
rate.
By comparison medium size (50,000 dwt) vessels sustained a rate
increase to $3.55/dwt/month for the last quarter of 1984, while handy si^e
(20-40,000 dwt) dry bulkers started and ended the year at the same rates, i e,
$4.?5/dwt/month.^^
17/
18/
19/
20/
21/
22/
Fearnleys Review 1984, page 29.
Drewry Shipping Consultants, thinning statistics and Economics, January
1985, page 30.
Eggar Forrester, Shipping Commentary, January 1985.
Ibid.
See table 21.
Fearnleys Review 1984, page 36.
- 42 -
34.
The number of reported time charters during 1984 increased by 80 per cent
over 1983 and represented 176 vessels for a total of 13.3 million dwt.
Larger
bulk carriers, which were particularly affected by the recent expansion of
iron ore and coal trades, predominated in these reported open-market contracts
with ?anamax-sige ships and larger bulkers representing 37.6 per cent and 52.6
per cent, respectively, of the known fixtures .‫ﺭﺝ‬
35.
For the iiner trade sector, the index (see table 21) compiled by the
Ministry of Transport for the Fédérai ^ p u b l i c of Germany is a representative
indicator for trades with that country.
This index, however, is rather
narrowly based and greatiy influenced by deciining currency exchange ratios of
the Deutschmark versus the United states doliar.
During 1984 the iiner index
increased by 39.1 per cent over the J n u a r y to December period and was 27.6
per cent higher than the 983‫ ﻝ‬annual average.
The monthly movements of this
liner index as well as of the dry cargo tramp trip charter index between 1982
and 1984 are shown in graph 25.
Graph 25
Freight indices for liner and tramp vessels, 1982-1984
FREIC-‫؛‬H T
INDICES
1982-1984
600
<
‫ﻉ‬
■s
5 ‫ﺍﺟﺎﺝ‬
ü->
■‫ﺀ‬
4 0 ‫ﺍﻧﺎ‬
‫■ﺍب‬
‫ﺀ‬
■•
‫ﺏ‬
to
Ш
N
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺏ‬
300
200
180
JFMAMJJASOHDJFriAMJJASOHDJFMAMJJASOHD
‫ه‬
23/
LIhIr FREIGHT
‫ﻣﺪ'ن‬
TRAMP TRIP
Drewry Ehipping Gonsultants, Ehipping Etatistlcs and Economics, January
985 ‫ﻝ‬, page 37.
- 43 A more general indication of liner conference freig‫؛‬١t trends are the
36.
numher and percentage changes announced by liner conferences.
Based upon 1984
data monitored^^ by the UNCTAD secretariat, three conferences announced
general increases in tariffs at the level of 8 per cent.
cover only general rate changes,
No^?ever, these data
information on special liner rates for
individual commodities, which may be more important, is lacking.
Also
recorded were 33 increases in CAFs and eight increases in BAFs and, on the
other hand, decreases in 74 CAFs and five BAFs.
These surcharges ranged from
+25.70 per cent to -38.16 per cent.
B.
37.
Liner freight rates as a percentage of prices of selected commodities
Nost of the non-bulk exports and imports of developing countries are
carried by liner services and liner freight rates may thus have a significant
effect on the balance of payments, national income and market
competitiveness.
Table 22 provides information on liner freight rates as a
percentage of c.i.f. prices for selected commodities and routes for 197D and
198D to 1983.
1982.
Except for coffee, all 1983 ratios declined as compared to
The greatest decreases in the 1984 ratio of freight rates to c.i.f.
prices were for palm kernels (Nigeria-Europe), which dropped to 22.6 per cent
from 31.7 per cent in 1983; and for coconut oil (Bri Lanka-Europe), which
decreased to 11.0 per cent from 17.3 per cent in 1983.
The decrease in the
freight rate proportions, which occurred despite a small increase in freight
rates, can be traced to the improvement of prices for the selected commodities
in 1983.
24/
With respect to nine conferences serving developing countries.
25/
During 1983 prices for primary products (food, agricultural raw materials
and non-ferrous metals but excluding crude petroleum) taken as a whole
increased 5.5 per cent over 1982.
current prospects, Narch 1985.
GATT, International trade in 1984 and
- 44 -
С.
38.
Estimates о£ global freight costs
Table ^3 gives an estimate of total freight costs in world trade and
the ratio of ocean freight to the total c.i.f, value of imports by groups of
countries.
In 1983 the world total of freight costs was estimated at $111.^
billion, which is 9.8 per cent less than 1980.
Globally, freight costs as a
percentage of import value remained at about 6.6 per cent over the 1981-1983
period.
Eor developing countries, however, the percentage figure for 1983
continued to be approximately double that of developed market-economy
countries, i e, 10.8 per cent as against 5.4 per cent (see graph ^6).
Graph 26
Freight as a percentage of import value, 1980-1983
12
10
Ш
•‫ﻉ‬
r•‫؛‬
‫ﻍ‬
о
1-‫مم‬
1‫ﺍﻁ‬
‫ﻩ‬
8
I-S
4
‫ﺃﺱ‬
80
‫ﺍ‬
‫ل؛ة‬
M i WORLII TOTAL
r~l BEUEL0PIH6
1
1
YEAR
‫ ص‬DEUELOPEII
Table 22
Ratio of liner freight rates to prices of
;elected commodities, 1970 and 1980-1983
Commodity
Freight rate as a percentage
of price
/
‫ ^ ؤ‬cj
Route
1970
Rubber
Tin
Jute
Sisal hemp
Cocoa beans
Coconut oil
Coffee
?aim kernels
Coffee
Cocoa beans
Coffee
Singapore/Malaysia
Europe
Singapore/Malaysia
Europe
Bangladesl‫؛‬-Europe
East Africa-Europe
Ghana-Europe
Sri Eanka-Europe
Sri Lanka-Europe
8ra^il-£nrope
Nigeria-Europe
Colombia (Atlantic
ports)-Europe
Bragil-Europe
Colombia (?acific
ports)-Europe
198©
1981
1982
1983
10
1
12
0
1
19
21
21
21
15
14
14
17
11
10
10
27
31
19
12
6
18
22
11
Source : Compiled by the UNCTAD secretariat on the basis of data
supplied by the Royal Netherlands Shipowners Association.
‫إو‬
/ c.i.f. prices were quoted for rubber (Eondon-RSS), tin, jute
(UK-pwc grade), sisal hemp, cocoa beans (Chana-Europe)
and palm
kernels. For cocoa beans (8ragil-Europe)
and coffee (Colombia-Europe
and Brazil-Europe), unit values of exports were quoted. Prices of the
remaining commodities are quoted on f.o.b. terms.
‫رظ‬
Freight rates include, where applicable, Sue^ Canal surcharges,
bunker and currency adjustment f a c ^ ^ s , a "tank cleaning surcharge"
(for coconnt oil only), port delay and additional port surcharges and
a low productivity surcharge (for Colombia only). Conversion of rates
to other currencies is based on parities given in International
Financial 8tatistics published by the International Monetary Fund.
Annual freight rates were calculated by taking a weighted average of
varions freight rates quoted during the year, weighted by their
period of duration.
c| For the period 1980-1983, the prices of coconut oil and sisal
hemp were taken from UNCTAD. Monthly Commodity Price Bulletin, in the
December issue of the respective following year.
Table 23
Estimate o£ total freight costs In world trade a/
by groups of countries, 1980, 1982 and 1983
(totals and percentages of import yalues)
^ear
1980
Country group
‫•ل‬
World total
Developed marketeconomy countries
Estimate of total
freight costs of
imports (millions
of dollars)
123,264
Value of
Freight costs
imports
(c.i.f.)
percentage of
(millions import value
of dollars)
1,856,834
6.64
79,514
1,441,080
5.52
43,758
415,754
10.52
ID,432
10,929
21,979
13.42
‫ةئ‬
77,757
123,495
211,089
936
2,477
113,803
1,710,542
‫ﺀ‬. Developing countries
- total
©f which:
in Africa
in America
in Asia
in Europe
in Oceania
1982
‫•ل‬
World total
3
10.41
12.84
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ﺍ‬
Developed marketeconomy countries
68,465
1,286,550
5.32
‫ا‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺀ‬. Developing countries
- total
45,338
423,992
10.69
‫إ‬
‫ﺍ‬
Of which‫؛‬
in Africa
in America
in Asia
inEurope
inoceanla
1983 1.
world total
8,139
9,503
27,301
10.82
9.40
11.17
318
75,198
101,108
244,429
783
2,474
111,237
1,666,959
6.67
12.85
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫•ﺀ‬
Developed marketeconomy countries
67,866
1,264,250
5.37
‫ا‬
‫ﺍ‬
Developing countries
- total
Of which:
inAfrica
in America
in Asia
in Europe
in Oceania
43,371
402,709
10.77
7,330
8,246
27,429
68,803
81,790
249,095
733
2,288
10.65
10.08
11.01
294
12.84
Source; Deriyed from IMF f.o.b./c.i.f. factors and INF import data,
a/ The estimate for the world is not complete since data for countries that
are not members of IMF are not included.
‫ا‬
‫إ‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
- 47 -
D.
39.
Freight market futures
Discussions took piece in the letter pert of 1984 hetween two new futures
exchenges Reeling in oceen freight contrects.
The two orgeni^etions, Beltic
Internetionel Freight Futures Exchenge (8iFFE^) end Future E^chenge Bermude
(INTEk), ere plenning to offer shippers e uniform freight rete contrect thet
would he tied to en index of dr
worldwide treding routes.
‫ ﻣﻞ‬bulk
cergo retes for severe! commodities over
The contrects would eneble bu^^ers to hedge egeinst
freight rete increeses but would equelly heve the disedventege of denying
sevings if freight retes declined.
It is not cleer to whet extent these
developments mey leed to greeter stebility in freight retes in the future.
-
48 -
Chapter VI
OTHER DEVELOPMENTS
A.
40.
Code oE Conduct for Liner Conferences
During 1984 no o u ntries became Contracting Parties to the Convention,
which entered into force on 6 October 1988.
countries remains at 5 9
tonnage.
,“‫م‬
Thus the total number of
accounting for 28.68 per cent of relevant world
The UNCTAD secretariat has continued to give assistance, on request,
to countries wishing to implement the Code.
41.
Despite this large number of Contracting Parties, the Code is at present
only applied in a rather limited number of trade routes.
This is partly du^
to the fact that certain important trading countries have not yet become
Contracting Parties to the Convention, as well as to the delays experienced in
passing implementing legislation or regulations in countries that are already
Parties to th€‫ ؛‬Code,
42.
However, a number of countries members of OECD have declared their
intention of ratifying or acceding to the Convention in the near future, which
will considerably increase its geographical scope of application.
It is only
after this more global acceptance of the Convention that the Code can be
expected to play its anticipated role as a new, commonly-accepted, regulatory
framework for liner conferences.
48.
Only a limited number of countries Contracting Parties to the Convention
have so far enacted legislation or taken other measures necessary to implement
the Code pursuant to article 47(1) of the Convention.
Consequently, the
Committee on ‫؛؛‬hipping at its eleventh session adopted decision 50(XI) urging
states which are Contracting Parties to the Convention to take the necessary
measures to implement it in a harmonized manner and in conformity with its
scope and provisions.
‫ﺹ‬
Central
Cape
African
Bulgaria
Bangladesh
Barbados
Verde
Benin
‫؛؛؛؛؛‬
Costa Cuba
Cameroon
Congo
Rica
Republic
China
Chile
‫؛؛؛؛؛؛؛‬
German
Egypt,
Czechoslovakia
Democratic
Ethiopia
Gambia
Oabon‫؛؛؛؛‬
Germany, federal Republic
Guatemala
Guinea
Republic
Ghana
‫؛‬o‫؛‬f‫؛؛؛‬
Ivory
Jamaica
Indonesia
Coast
Honduras
Iraq
India
Guyana
‫؛؛؛؛؛؛؛‬
Mauritius
Madagascar
Malaysia
Lebanon
Mali
Jordan
‫؛‬
enya^
‫؛ ؛؛؛؛؛‬
Netherlands
Pakistan
Nigeria
Peru
Morocco
Niger
Mexico
‫؛؛؛؛؛؛؛‬
Republic
Bierra
Philippines
Senegal
of
Romania
Leone
Bri
korea
‫؛؛؛؛؛‬
Union of Boviet Bocialist Republics
Tunisia
Budan
Togo
Lanka
‫؛؛؛؛؛‬
United Republic
Trinidad of
and
Uruguay
Tanzania
Tobago‫؛؛؛‬
Jugoslavia
Venezuela
Zaïre .‫؛؛‬
- 49 44.
Pursuant to the same decision, the UNCTAD secretariat is undertaking a
comprehensive study on the implementation of the Convention for submission to
the Committee at its tweifth session.
This report is being prepared bearing
in mind the requirement to hold a review? conference in late 1988 pursuant to
article 52 of the Convention.
B.
United Nations Convention on international Multimodal Transport of Goods
45.
The United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of
Goods
which was adopted by consensus on 24 May 198© by the United
Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries, was opened for signature in New York
from 1 Eeptember 198© to 81 August 1981 and has remained open for accession
thereafter.
It wiil enter into force 12 months after 30 States have become
Contracting Parties by definitive signature, ratification or accession.
By
January 1985 four countries, namely Chile, Malawi, Mexico and Senegal, had
ratified or acceded to the Convention, while three countries - Morocco, Norway
and Venezuela - had signed the Convention subject to ratification.
c.
46.
Multimodal transport - general developments
Multimodal transport is becoming increasingly important throughout the
world and the need for streamlining of the cargo chain is becoming obvious to
Governments and industry alike.
The need for a universally accepted
multimodal transport document is being recognised and UNCTAD, together with
BCE and FALPRO, has drafted the front page of such a document using a standard
United Nations layout.
The drafting of the clauses of such a document is now
being undertaken by UNCTAD and will be submitted for consideration to the
Committee on Shipping at its twelfth session.
47.
Another development is the establishment of inland container depots
(ICDs) in littoral and land-locked developing countries.
have been set up in kenya, Uganda, Malawi and India.
For example ICDs
The introduction of unit
trains to service these ICDs has been a further step in the streamlining of
the cargo chain.
27/
For the text of the Convention, see United Nations Conference on a
Convention on International Multimodal Transport, vol. I, Final Act
and Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods
(United Nations publication, Sales No E,81.II.D.7(vol. I)).
- 50 -
48.
To assist with the introduction of multimodal transport UNCTAD has
developed a workshop where senior officials can learn of the advantages and
pitfalls of multimodal transport and of how to improve the climate for the
introduction of multimodal transport in their country.
The 1984 workshop has
been held twice in Africa and Asia and will be held again in Africa, in
French, during 1985.
The workshop papers are available in English, French and
Spanish.
D.
49.
Marine insurance, maritime fraud, and maritime liens and mortgages
The subgroup of experts that had been established at the seventh session
of the
١‫م‬orking
©roup on International Shipping Legislation finalized its work
on drawing up a set of standard non-mandatory international model clauses
concerning hull and marine cargo insurance at the tenth session of the Working
©roup held in Geneva from 24 September to 5 October 1984.
This included,
inter alia, model text dealing with a set of clauses on the application of the
insurance in time and place, on measures of indemnity and on who could claim
under the policy.
50.
The subject of maritime liens and mortgages was also reviewed by the
Working Group on International Shipping Legislation at its tenth
session.^
The subgroup dealing with this item held preliminary
discussions and recommended that an in-depth study be made on economic aspects
of maritime liens and mortgages, and that the International Gonvention for the
Unification of Gertain Rules Relating to Maritime Liens and Mortgages of 1967
be taken as the basis for future work and discussion.
51.
Rursuant to resolution 49(x) adopted by the Gommittee on Shipping at its
tenth session, the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Group to consider Means of
Gombating all Aspects of Maritime Fraud, including ?iracy, held its first
session in Geneva from 6 to 17 February 1984.
At the end of its session, the
Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Group adopted resolution 1(1) which recommended that
a second session of the Group be held and which also requested the UNGTAD
secretariat to prepare in-depth studies on various subjects relating to
maritime fraud.
These could include, inter alia, the feasibility of improving
co-operation between 8tate administrative and prosecuting authorities, a
super-service banking scheme, minimal professional qualifications for shipping
agents and the availability and adequacy of shipping information needed to
combat maritime fraud.
28/
Rursuant to resolution 49(^) of the Gommittee on Shipping.
- 51 E. United Nations Conference on
52.
Conditions for Registration o£ Ships
The United Nations Conference on Conditions for Registration of Ships
held the first part of its session in Geneva fro«16 ‫ ؛‬July to 3 August 1984.
The Conference was covened pursuant to General Asse«‫؛‬bly resolution 37/2G9 of
20 Dece«‫؛‬ber 1982 to consider the adoption of an international agree‫«؛‬ent
covering the conditions under which vessels should be accepted on national
shipping registers.
The Conference reconvened fro«28 ‫ ؛‬January to 15 February
1985 and during that period progress was «‫؛‬ade on the co«‫؛‬posite text, which
contains draft texts for an international agree«‫؛‬ent.
A further two-week
«‫؛‬eeting was reco«««ended to be held in July 1985.
F.
53.
UNCTAD Committee on Shipping
The Committee on shipping, which is the main international forum for
resolving policy issues relating, inter alia, to participation in world
shipping by developing countries, held its eleventh session in Geneva from 19
to 30 November 1984.
At the conclusion of the two-week Conference four
decisions and three resolutions were unanimously adopted.
The scope of these
(decisions and resolutions included directives to the UNCTAD secretariat to:
(1) provide guidance to Governments in the implementation of the Convention on
a Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences; (2) convene a meeting of an ad hoc
intergovernmental group of senior officials early in 1986 to consider a
progra«‫؛‬me of action for co-operation among developing countries in the areas
of shipping, ports and multimodal transport; (3) maintain its technical
assistance and training services; (4
‫ ر‬prepare
in-depth reports dealing with
the structural imbalance in the world shipping industry and another study
focusing on the effects of round-the-world liner services; and (5) convene a
group of experts to develop and recommend model rules for multimodal container
tariffs.
The Co«‫؛‬mittee on Shipping also endorsed the agreement between UNCTAD
and IMO on the method of work to be followed in the two organisations with
regard to the subjects of maritime liens and mortgages, and approved the
inclusion of these subjects on the agenda of the eleventh session of the
UNCTAD Working Group on International Ehipping Legislation.
- 52 -
G.
54.
UNCTAD technical assistance In shipping and p o r t s ~ ^
During 1984 the UNCTAD secretariat executed a total 44
£‫ه‬
technical
assistance projects financed by UNDP, recipient countries and funds-in-trust
(as against 86 in 1988).
‫د‬
These pro ects were basically concerned with the
provision of advisors and consultants, training (fellowships and group
training), and, to a lesser degree, equipment procurement.
Twelve projects
(18 in 1988) were initiated and ten (six in 1988) were completed.
These were
67 experts engaged in the projects (48 in 1988) and 1,500 fellows/course
participants were trained (970 in 1988).
The total project budget during the
year was $UB^.O million ($UB2.5 million in 1988).
In addition, two shipping
feasibility studies were completed for developing countries during 1984
55.
.‫ص‬
Under a project entitled "Improving Port Performance (IPP)", which is
generously financed by the Swedish International Development Authority, the
UNCTAD secretariat completed in 1984 the development of materials for a middle
management course entitled "Management of General Cargo Gperations".
This
course has been designed for delivery by local instructors to train traffic
officers and quay-shed superintendents to become better equipped to plan and
organize cargo handling operations in ports, making the most efficient use of
the resources available.
Course materials are obtainable in English, Erench,
Spanish, Arabic, Chinese and Portuguese.
56.
During 1984 the TRAINMAN progra،«me expanded its role in the field of
maritime training.
These activities included
the establishment of five new
training centres, the development of eight new courses, the facilitat^n of an
interexchange of pedagogical materials and the delivery of 80 courses during
1984.
Since its inception, TRAINMAR has established 16 training centres,
developed 18 maritime courses (nine in ports, four in shipping, two in
multimodal transport, three in training of technology), trained ^00 trainers
and delivered 160 courses for 2,500 managers from developing countries.
29/: Eor further details, see the report by the UNCTAD secretariat "The UNCTAD
programme of technical assistance and training in shipping, ports and
multimodal transport" (TD/8/C.4/262).
80/
funded from the UNCTAD regular budget, as mandated by Conference
resolution 121(v).
- 53 -
H.
57.
Round-the-world services
‫مو‬
During the last quarter of 1 8
round-the-world service,
two liner companies Introduced
‫ه‬
utilizing large, full containerships (2,700 and
4,200 TEU capacity), hoth United Etates Line and Evergreen offer a weekly
frequency with Evergreen providing service in hoth directions (West to East
and East to West), while the American-flag company operates a one-way
easthound schedule.
Eeveral other liner companies appear to be planning to
introduce similar services.
58.
Although it is premature to evaluate the full economic consequences of
these new services and others, it is evident that considerable new container
capacity (a 40 per cent increase by 1986
) ~‫م‬
will be added to the world
container fleet and that existing conference freight rates will face a more
aggressive pricing policy,
furthermore, there will be an expansion of feeder
services to regions/ports not directly serviced by the mainline
containerships.
In order to assist the Gommittee on Shipping in its
evaluation of the impact of these new services, the UNGTAD secretariat has
been requested to prepare a report on recent major developments in the pattern
of container shipping services on a global scale that may have implications
for merchant fleets and ports, especially those of developing countries, and
for liner conferences.
Gontainer Insight, 8entember 1984.
Resolution 51(XI) of the Gommittee.
TD/B/C.4/289
Annex I
- 54 -
ANNEXES
Annex I
CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES
Code
‫ل‬
-
United States of America
Canada
Code 2 -
Japan
Code $ -
Australia
Code 4 -
Austria
Ne‫ ^؛‬Zealand
(L)
Beigium
Monaco
Denmark
Nethriands
Faroe Islands
Norway
Finland
?ortugal
France
Spain
Oermany, Federal Republic of
Sweden
Gibraltar
Switzerland (L)
Oreece
Turkey
Iceland
United kingdom of Oreat Britain
Ireland
Israel
Code § Code6-
Ita^
and Nortt‫؛‬ern Ireland
Yugoslavia
Sout^ Africa
Albania
Foiand
Bulgaria
Romania
Csecl‫؛‬oslovakia (L)
Union of Soviet Socialist
German Democratic Republic
Repubiics
Hungary (L)
Code?-
C^ina
Viet Nam
Democratic Feople's Republic
ofkorea
Code 8 - 8 . 1 Northern Africa
Algeria
Morocco
Egypt
Tunisia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
TD/B/C.4/289
Annex I
- 55 -
Western Africa
Angola
Ivory Coast
Benin
Liberia
Cameroon
Mali (L)
Cape Verde
Mauritania
Congo
Nigeria
Equatorial Cuinea
St Helena
Cabon
Sao Tome and Principe
Cambia
Senegal
Ghana
Sierra Le‫؟‬ne
Guinea
Togo
Guinea-Bissau
Zaire
Eastern Africa
Burundi (L)
Mozambique
Comoros
Reunion
Djibouti
Seychelles
Ethiopia
Somalia
ken^^a
Sudan
Madagascar
Uganda (L)
Mauritius
United Republic of Tanzania
Zambia (L)
Code 9 - 9 . :
Caribbean and North America
Anguilla
Grenada
Antigua and Barbuda
Guadeloupe
Bahamas
Haiti
Barbados
Jamaica
Bermuda
Martinique
British Virgin Islands
Montserrat
C a ^ a n Islands
St Pierre and Miquelon
Cuba
Saint Christopher and Nevis
Dominica
Saint Lucia
Dominican Republic
Saint Vincent and the Grena<‫؛‬
Greenland
Turks and Caicos Islands
United States virgin Islands
TD/B/C.4/289
Annex I
9.:
Central America
Belize
Honduras
Costa Rica
Mexico
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Guatemala
Panama
South America-Northern seaboard
9.4
Guyana
Suriname
French Guiana
Trinidad and Tobago
Netherlands Antilles
Venezuela
South America-Western seaboard
9.!
Chile
Ecuador
Colombia
Peru
South America-Eastern seaboard
Code 10-10.
10.:
a/
Argentina
Falkland islands (Malvinas)
Bolivia (L)
Paraguay (L)
Brazil
Uruguay
Western Asia
Bahrain
Lebanon
Cyprus
Oman
Democratic Yemen
Qatar
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
8audi Arabia
Iraq
Byrian Arab Republic
Jordan
United Arab Emirates
Kuwait
Yemen
Southern and Eastern Asia
Bangladesh
Macau
Bhutan
Malaysia
Brunei Darussalam
Maldives
Burma
Pakistan
Democratic Kampuchea
Pl^ilippines
Hong Kong
Republic of Korea
India
Singapore
Indonesia
Sri Lanka
Thiland
~
A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty
over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).
TD/B/C.4/289
Annex I
- 57
Code 11 -
Malta
Code 12 -
^ e r i c a n Samoa
New Caledonia
Christmas Island (Australia)
Papua New Guinea
Fiji
‫ا‬0‫س‬
Frenoh Pol^^nesia
^0
Guam
Tonga
kirihati
Tuvalu
Nauru
Vanuatu
Islands
Wake Island
Notes
1.
This olassifioation is for statistical purposes only and does not imply
any judgement regarding the stage of development of any country.
2.
Trade statistics are hased on data recorded at the ports of loading and
unloading.
Trade originating in or destined for neighbouring countries is
attributed to the country in which the ports are situated; for this reason
land-locked countries do not figure in these tabulations.
Gn the other hand
statistical tabulations on merchant fieets include data for land-locked
countries that possess fleets:
3.
these countries are marked "(L)".
The groups of countries or territories used for presenting statistics in
this Review are made up as foliows:
- Developed market-economy countries and territories:
Codes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
- Socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia:
Codes 6 and 7
- Developing countries and territories:
Codes 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12
of which;
in Africa:
codes 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3
in America:
Codes 9.1, 9.2, 9.3,
in Asia:
Codes 10.1 and
in Europe:
Code 11
in Oceania:
Code 12
9.4 and 9.5
10.2
In certain tables, where appropriate, five open-registry countries are
recorded as a separate group.
1981.
The composition of this group was revised in
The group comprises Bahamas, Bermuda, Cyprus, Liberia and Panama.
‫‪TD/B/C.4/289‬‬
‫‪Annex II‬‬
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‫‪٨٠٠^١٥‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫‪N٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫©©‬
‫‪- ١٥‬‬
‫‪- ٩‬‬
‫©‪٩‬‬
‫‪٠٥٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫©ﻩ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫مي ©‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪١٥٨‬‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻭ‬
‫© ‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣ N‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫■‬
‫—‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪١٥ © ٨٨‬‬
‫‪٣٠Г•» © N‬‬
‫‪©١٥©٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫‪٣ N‬‬
‫‪©١٥ ©٣‬‬
‫© ‪ ١٥‬مي ©‬
‫ ‪- --‬‬‫ﺫﻡ‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫©©‬
‫©©‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻭ‬
‫ب‬
‫ص‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫‪ N‬ﻉ‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺯ مي‬
‫ﻭﻭ‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫© ‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣ N‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٣٠٣‬‬
‫‪١٥٣٣‬‬
‫© مي‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫‪NN‬‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫© ‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠٣‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫—‬
‫‪٤٨٤٨‬‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫‪© ٤٨‬‬
‫‪© ٤٨‬‬
‫© مي‬
‫ب‬
‫ﻭﻫﺢ‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫مي © © مي‬
‫‪٣١٥٠٥٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫‪ ©٣‬ﻭ‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫مح‬
‫ﻯ‬
‫»‬
‫—‬
‫‪N٣‬‬
‫‪١٥٣‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫© مي‬
‫©©‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫ص‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺻﻢ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪^N‬‬
‫© ‪١٥‬‬
‫——‬
‫©ﻩ‬
‫‪N٣‬‬
‫© ‪١٥‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪— а‬‬
‫—‪то‬‬
‫ﺀﺩﻩ‬
‫©©‬
‫‪сто‬‬
‫‪٣٣٣٣‬‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫مل‬
‫‪сто‬‬
‫—‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫©‬
‫ب‬
‫ﺡﺡﺱﺡﺡﻡ‬
‫‪N‬ﻱ‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫يح‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ©‬
‫‪١٥٣‬‬
‫‪N ٤٨‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪٣٤٨‬‬
‫‪.‬ﻉ ‪. .‬‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫‪١٥٤٨‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٤٨٤٨١٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫© ‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ى‬
‫‪t-N‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫©■‪٠ -‬‬
‫—‬
‫‪٤٨٤٨‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫•‪٣٠٣٠‬‬
‫ *‬‫© مي‬
‫مي ©‬
‫ى‪٣ - ©٠‬‬
‫© ‪٤٨‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠٠٣‬‬
‫©ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©٣٣‬‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫© مي‬
‫مي ©‬
‫‪©١٥.‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫مي‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪،то‬‬
‫‪| ،о‬‬
‫© ‪|ф‬‬
‫‪،с ،‬‬
‫‪1ФТО‬‬
‫‪— ٦‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫■‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ذب‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫‪١٥© ©٨‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫©©‬
‫^ ﻭ‬
‫©©‬
‫‪٨١٥‬‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫‬‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫‪٣ N ©٨‬‬
‫ﺻﻢ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫©©‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫ ‪-‬‬‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪٣ N‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ض‬
‫‪.‬ﺹ‬
‫ﻭ© © ‪٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺎ‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫©ﻩ‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫©©‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫‪©٣٣‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫بﺫﻡ © ‪ ٨ -‬ﻭ مي‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫©©‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪.-‬‬
‫ﺫﺏ‬
‫©© © ‪٨‬‬
‫‪ ٣٨©٨‬ﻝ ‪ ٨‬ﻭ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ -‬ﺍ ﻭ مي © ‪١٥٠‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ع‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪N ٣‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪N N‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫————‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫‪© N‬‬
‫©©‬
‫©‬
‫‪ ©٨٨‬ﻭ‬
‫‪٣١٥‬‬
‫‪١٥٨٨‬‬
‫‪N‬ﻱ‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫ي‪٣‬‬
‫وو‬
‫وئ‪٨‬‬
‫© ‪N‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪N‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫ص‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪١٥٨‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫©©‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫مص‬
‫‪ ©٣‬مي ©‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫م‪ N‬ﻱ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫يم‬
‫‪--- --‬‬‫ﻱ‪N‬‬
‫———‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪١٥٨‬‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫©و‬
‫‪© ©N‬‬
‫‪©٨١٥‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١٥٣‬‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫ﻱﻭﻭﻱ ‪N‬‬
‫عم‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫© ‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪©١٥‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫© ‪N‬‬
‫ب‬
‫© ‪N‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪©٣©١٥‬‬
‫©©‬
‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫© ‪١٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻥ‬
‫© ‪ N‬ﺏﺏ‬
‫©©‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫© ‪٤٨‬‬
‫ه ©‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪■© ،‬‬
‫‪1 то‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫—— ‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫© ‪٤٨‬‬
‫© ‪١٥‬‬
‫مي ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫©ﻩ‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪ ٠‬عم‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫—‬
‫—‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫‪١- N‬‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫‪١٥٤٨‬‬
‫©©‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣■٣٣٣‬‬
‫ ‪©٣ -‬‬‫‪٣١٥‬‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫©‬
‫©©‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫©و‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫© ‪N‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫—‪-‬‬
‫ع م‬
‫‪©٤٨١٥‬‬
‫‪N ٣‬‬
‫‪r-N‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫© ‪٤٨‬‬
‫©©‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫مص‬
‫—‬
‫© ‪N‬‬
‫||‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪Q‬‬
‫آلآل‬
‫‪С‬‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫‪<û‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫؛“‬
‫‪Ш©то‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪ФК‬‬
‫ﻯ‬
‫‪_ о‬ال‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫—‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫—*‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‬‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫■■‬
‫ممﺊ‬
‫ﻁ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪£‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫آل‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪ü‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫—•‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺩ‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫<‬
‫‪ с‬ﺝﺩﺩ‬
‫آل‪то‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫“‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠ то‬‬
‫ﺡ؛‪ф с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫♦ *■* ‪к‬‬
‫—‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪©с‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ه‬
‫‪ai‬‬
‫‪то с а‬‬
‫‪—с‬‬
‫‪к‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫‪ ф‬ﻉ>‬
‫ﺫ ﺹ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫آل‬
‫‪۵ то‬‬
‫—ﺡ‬
‫ﺡ ‪о с‬‬
‫‪то 3‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻁ‪ф‬‬
‫ه ه‬
‫ﻟ ﺪ ‪то‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫‪к ф‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﻢ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫!‬
‫ح *‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻫﺎو‬
‫آل‬
‫‪— то то‬‬
‫‪ ф‬ﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻉ ‪то ،‬‬
‫ه‪ф‬‬
‫ﺀ‪ф‬‬
‫‪— то‬‬
‫‬‫‪© ©N‬‬
‫وﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺡ ‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪с то ф‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.■ —- —٦‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪٣• N‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫© ‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫ﻳﻢ ﻟﻪ‬
‫وﻳﻢ‬
‫ﻯﻯﺏ‬
‫‪1—ф‬‬
‫—د‬
‫‪lO C‬‬
‫‪1 то‬‬
‫©ﻳﻢ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫—‬
‫©ﻳﻢ©ص‬
‫م‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ к‬ممﻦ ‪1‬‬
‫‪1—ф‬‬
‫—‪13‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫© ‪٤٨‬‬
‫مي ©‬
‫ ‪٤٨-©--‬‬‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠٤٨‬‬
‫ﺩ© ‪١٥‬‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪-.‬‬
‫—‪1‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫ﺻﺬ‬
‫— ﺫ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫—‪1‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫■‪ w‬ج‬
‫‪к‬‬
‫‪ ф‬ﻟﺪ‬
‫م‬
‫ﻡﺡ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ ﻉ‬
‫‪ с‬رع‬
‫‪ 3‬ا‬
‫©‪ф‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫و‪ 28‬ا ‪TD/B/C.4‬‬
‫‪Annex II‬‬
‫‪000‬‬
‫‪со см‬‬
‫‪C0‬‬
‫؟‪O‬‬
‫‪CMg‬‬
‫‪٦٦‬‬
‫‪ 00‬مي‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫^ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪0‬ﺹ‬
‫‪COON‬‬
‫ﺀﻱ‬
‫‪» -со‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫‪гою‬‬
‫‪١٥ CM‬‬
‫‪com‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪com‬‬
‫‪ ٠١‬ﺱ ﺹ‪٣ ٣ m CO‬‬
‫‪»—CO ٠١٣‬‬
‫‪١٥١٥‬‬
‫مي'ﻡ‬
‫‪-CM‬‬
‫‪coco ٣٥‬‬
‫ﻡ‪0‬حم‬
‫‪(Mr-‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ^‬
‫‪coco‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪CM٢٠‬‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻩ‬
‫^ ‪m‬‬
‫‪١٥٣‬‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫‪٦٦‬‬
‫‪CO٥‬‬
‫‪١٥٣‬‬
‫‪٣١٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ^‬
‫‪ ٠١‬ﺡ‬
‫‪СОГ--‬‬
‫‪^m‬‬
‫‪ «-‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺀﻩ‬
‫‪٦ ٦‬‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫ﻫﺎج ‪m r -‬‬
‫‪со‬ﺹ‬
‫‪»—со ^ m‬‬
‫‪ ١٥١٥‬ﺀﻧﻪ‬
‫‪٥٥٠٠ ١٥٣‬ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫‪coco‬‬
‫‪٣١٥‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠١‬‬
‫ﻱ‪«-‬‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪moN‬‬
‫^‪m‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫» ﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪ m‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ ٢٠‬مي‬
‫‪(3NCM‬‬
‫‪١٥٠١‬‬
‫‪)?١٢٠ 1‬‬
‫‪^ ٥ 1‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ﻟﻪﺹ‬
‫■ ‪٠، *،‬‬
‫ﺍ ‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ﺩﻡ‬
‫! ‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻡ‪m‬‬
‫^‪m‬‬
‫^ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٠١‬‬
‫» ﻭ‬
‫‪٣١٥‬‬
‫‪CM٠١٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ١٥‬ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ‪m‬‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪» ،٠‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥٣‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫^ ‪٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺎ‬
‫'‬
‫مي«ﻩ‬
‫؟‪m‬‬
‫‪^m‬‬
‫ﻟﺺ‬
‫‪٢٠CM‬‬
‫‪٠٨‬‬
‫‪٠ ■،‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٢٠٥‬‬
‫^ ‪،< m‬‬
‫‪« ٨‬‬
‫ﺀﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ ٠‬عﺀ‬
‫‪»،‬‬
‫‪٣٠٥٠٣٠‬‬
‫«‪m‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪m٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‪m‬‬
‫مي ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪٩ ٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺹ‬
‫حم ‪m‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺹ‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫^‬
‫‪смо‬‬
‫‪٣١٥‬‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫يل‬
‫‪ - ٠١‬ﺩ‬
‫‪٥٢٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪ ١٥‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪m٥‬‬
‫‪moN‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪٥٠ ١‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٠١‬‬
‫‪٥ m‬‬
‫‪٦ ١٥‬‬
‫^ ‪٠‬‬
‫ﺻﺺ‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪^ ١٥٥‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪njt‬‬
‫‪moN‬‬
‫‪٠١٥ ٦ ٠‬‬
‫‪٥ ١ ٥ ٣٥‬‬
‫ﺀﻡ‬
‫ﺹ ﻟﻪ‬
‫حم?ﻩ‬
‫مي ^‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫؛‪5‬‬
‫‪١٥١٥‬‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫‪^m‬‬
‫‪»-CM‬‬
‫ﻩ'ﺩﺕ‬
‫‪٦ ٩‬‬
‫ﻡﺀ‬
‫^ ‪٠‬‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫^ ‪٠‬‬
‫ﻉ‪،‬‬
‫‪٠١٠‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪* *،4‬‬
‫‪«m‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪ ^٢٠٠١٥‬ﺹ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥٥٥٢٠٠١٣٨‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪ ٠٥٠٠١٠١٠‬ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪ ٣٥‬مي ^‬
‫‪٣٥٣٣‬‬
‫ﻩﺀ‬
‫ﻟ مي‬
‫‪٣٥٠٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٠١‬‬
‫‪٥٣٨٨‬‬
‫ﺻﺪ‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪■، » ،‬‬
‫«‪m‬‬
‫مي ‪٠‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻱ‪m‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺩﺩ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫‪е‬‬
‫—‪٠т‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺩﺩ‬
‫>‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪тете‬‬
‫©ﻟﺪ‬
‫— ‪со‬‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫©©‬
‫‪©Е‬‬
‫>ﺩﻩ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺀ‬
‫©ﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫‪ m ٨١٥‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫^ ‪ ٥‬مي ‪١٥‬‬
‫ع‪ -‬ﺣﻪ ﻉ ‪٠‬‬
‫ﻫألﺡ‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠٣٢٠٥‬‬
‫‪CM٢٠‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫هل ﺎ‬
‫‪٠٢٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪со‬ﺀﻥ‬
‫مي ﺢ‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪ ٨٨‬ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺀﺍﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫مي ﺢ‬
‫‪CM‬‬
‫^ ‪*'٢٠‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫ﻩﺀ‬
‫‪٥٠٢٠٠١‬‬
‫مي‪-‬ﺩﺕ ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ ‪»-CM‬‬
‫?‪٣٠٨‬‬
‫ﺑﺜﻪ‬
‫(‪٥ ٨‬‬
‫مي ﻟﻪ‬
‫مي ﺪ‬
‫ﻡ ‪٢٠‬‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫‪١٥٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪m‬‬
‫ﻫﺎمي‬
‫‪٠١١٥‬‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫‪٠١٠١‬‬
‫‪ ٥‬ﻩ‬
‫ميﺎ‪0‬‬
‫‪٣ ٠‬‬
‫ﻟﺺ‬
‫‪^m‬‬
‫^ ﻟﻪ‬
‫^‪m‬‬
‫‪٠١٣٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٠١‬‬
‫‪٨١٥‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪٨١٥‬‬
‫« ‪m‬‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫^ ‪٣‬‬
‫«ﺩ‬‫مي ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪gCM‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫—ﺍ‬
‫©‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫مل‬
‫ﺩﺩ‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫ﺫ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ع‬
‫^ ‪т‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٥‬ﺹ‪،‬‬
‫‪٥٢٠‬‬
‫حمﺎ‬
‫‪ ١٥‬ﺻﺎ‬
‫^‬
‫^ ﻟﻪ ﺇ‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫ﺀﺡ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪٦ ٠‬‬
‫‪٥ m‬‬
‫‪١٥٣‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺉ‬
‫ﻡ©‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫^‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪© I l—٩ ٠‬‬
‫مه ﻢﺍ‬
‫‪о ١ ٢٠ см‬‬
‫هلمي|‬
‫ﻝ‪٥‬ﺹ ‪ I‬ﺍ ‪с‬‬
‫©| ‪те‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪_---‬‬
‫‪٣ ٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻩ‬
‫^ ‪٥‬‬
‫ﻑ‪-c‬‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫مي ^‬
‫‪coco‬‬
‫‪٣ ،м‬‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫‪١٥٠١‬‬
‫ميﺪ‪0‬‬
‫‪- CM‬ﺍ‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫ميﻬﺢ‬
‫ﺩ ‪«-‬‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫‪١٥٥‬‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫ْ مي‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠١‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠‬‬
‫ﺍﺕ)ﺹ‬
‫» ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻩ( ﻩ‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ ١ ٥ ٥‬ﻟﻪ ﺡ‬
‫‪т‬‬
‫‪^ ٠١٢٠‬‬
‫‪٩ ٦‬‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫^ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٨١٥‬‬
‫هلﻮ‬
‫^ ‪٠‬‬
‫‪٥ m‬ﺡ‬
‫‪٦ ٩‬‬
‫ﻟ مي‬
‫مي‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪٠٥٢^^٨^^ON‬ﻟﻪ‪١‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪ m‬ﻭ‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫ﻳﻢ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪m‬ﺹ‬
‫ﺩ مي‬
‫‪٠١٢٠‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠‬‬
‫مي ﺢ‬
‫ﻟﺺ‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺅﻟﻪ‬
‫©‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫©‬
‫‪© —٠‬‬
‫‪ ٠١‬مي‬
‫‪com‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫'ﺓ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫—ﺎ ©‬
‫ﻣ مي‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺙ‬
‫‪—! ٠١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٩ ٦‬ﺇ ‪ С‬ﻩ‬
‫‪٦٦‬‬
‫ﻡ ‪ m‬ﻣﺎﺹ ‪ I‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫^ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﻣﺺ‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪^m‬‬
‫^‬
‫ﻦ‬
‫مم‬
‫‪٤-‬‬
‫‪١ ٢٠١٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫^‪m‬‬
‫ﻡ‪ 1‬ﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻩ‬
‫‪ ٦ ٩‬ﺇﺹ‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‬‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪а‬‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫«‪m‬‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫‪^m‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺀﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣١٥‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺀ مي‬
‫ﺀﺕ ‪٠١‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٦ ٦‬‬
‫‪ ٠١٠١‬ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺡ ) ﺡ حم ‪٣٠ ، m‬‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫هل‬
‫ د‬‫ ‪- - -- -‬‬‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٣٠٢٠ ٨٣‬‬
‫ﻫﺢ ‪m‬‬
‫‪٢^٠١٠١١٥‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﻡ‪٥‬ﺡ ‪٨١٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻪﺀ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫__‬
‫‪٣٠١‬‬
‫^ ﺩ ‪٠١٢٠‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫ﻉ‪-‬‬
‫<■ ﻡ‬
‫مي »‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫« ‪m‬‬
‫‪«m‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫ﺫﻭ‬
‫ﺹ ‪٥ mm‬‬
‫‪ m‬ﻟﻪ ﺹ ‪m‬‬
‫ﺯﺹ ﻟﻪ ‪٥‬‬
‫‪٠١٠‬‬
‫‪»-CM‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ 0،‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺹ ﻟﻪ‬
‫^ ‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٦ ٩‬‬
‫‪٨ ٠‬‬
‫‪^см‬‬
‫مي ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ^‬
‫‪٥٢٠‬‬
‫ﻩ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٦ ٦‬‬
‫‪٦ ٥‬‬
‫هل ﺎ‬
‫ﺏﺏ‬
‫©‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺀ‪٠‬‬
‫—‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪» *،‬‬
‫‪٥٥٥‬‬
‫^‬
‫‪٢٠٥٣٠‬‬
‫‪١٥٥-٠- ٠٠٠١٠‬‬
‫‬‫‪١٥١٥٠‬‬
‫^‬
‫ﻫﺎﺩ‬
‫‪٥١٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٥ m٠ ٠ ٠‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺩ‬
‫‪٢٧٠‬‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫ﻟﺺ ‪m‬‬
‫«‪٢٨‬‬
‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫مصﻱ^ ^‬
‫‪٦ ٩‬‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﺩ‬
‫‪m‬مي <>ﺹ‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺡ‬
‫‪٠٣٩‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ ﺀﺡ‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪^ ١٥‬‬
‫‪^m‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪ ٩ ٦‬مم‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪m‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪١٥١٥ m‬‬
‫‪١٥٨‬‬
‫‪»-CM ١٥ см‬‬
‫———‪--‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ^‬
‫‪٣٠ - ٠‬‬
‫‪٠١٠١‬‬
‫^ ‪٥‬‬
‫ﺩﺀﺩ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫‪٨ ٠‬؛‬
‫‪ со‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪----‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫—« ﺩ‬
‫ﻡ ‪٥٥١٥٢٠ --‬‬
‫‪٢٠٨‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬مي‬
‫ﻟ مي‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪^ ٥‬‬
‫ذص ■‬
‫^ ‪»т‬‬
‫‪٠١١٥‬‬
‫‪ m ٠٥٣‬ﻟﻪ ■‬
‫ﻫﺎﺩ »‬
‫‪٥ m‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﻉ‬
‫‪0 ٣‬ﻡ ‪1 m ١٥‬‬
‫‪ m CM٠١‬ﻭ »‬
‫‪1 ٣٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪■ ---- -‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪а‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪! ٢٠٠١‬‬
‫‪! ٥٠١‬‬
‫‪! ٠٠‬‬
‫‪те ! ٢ ٠ ٠‬‬
‫» ‪ m‬ﺍ ﺩﺩ‬
‫‪© ! ٣٠١‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ)‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫{‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫»‬
‫‪،‬ال ■‬
‫ﺱ■‬
‫‪1 те‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ ■‬
TD/B/C.4/
Annex II
?Ota I
tankers
Bermuda
1,30)
?‫ﺕ‬
260(
220,4?2
(416,954)
Cyprus
88?,
2,?
6?
11,801,233)
(
3,180,146
(6,203,866)
Panama
Sub-total:
Bulk
rrriers с/
326,168
(546,11?)
1,?10,95?
General
cargo ‫ﻙ‬/
Container
shi^s
Others
181,196
(249,6?5)
6)
‫ﻡ‬508(
89,532
(88,006)
6?1,614
522,?22)
30,2
2?
43,418)
(
(120,339)
484,949
303?,
61)
(
24?,?09
89?,583)
62,024
00,? 34,112,490
121,394,635)
( (?1,934,662)
21,651,044
(41,162,569)
528,508
?82,518)
244,233?,
3
8,205,?03
62,068,888) (16,108,5?6)
(25,89?,4?4)
10 159,420
528,894)
1,169,?48
;i,441,8?8)
151,251
092,066)
48,30?,020
110,٠٦٠ 914,
202,253,8)
8?( ; 99,603,?10)
38,4?9,101
(?0,92?,055)
14 641,43?
(22 232,0?6)
1,692,6?8
;2,114,605)
890,6?8
(? 3?6,432)
Socialist counEurope and Asia
Socialist countries of Eastern
Europe
Albanii
Bui<
Czechoslovakia
German
Oemocratic
Bepubic
Hungary
56,133
(?9,940)
)‫ ﺍ‬840’
‫ﺕ‬794(
311,?35
(508,354)
184,299
276,647)
(
1,421,714
1,791,006)
31,39?
(54,80?)
79,994
(112,468)
54,894
(79,940)
508,383
(803,462)
321,466
(430,131)
102,589
(165,649)
81,710
(110,998)
320,527
(507,333)
826,093
(1,083,338)
.
(-)
‫ﺭ‬,459
‫ﺍ‬, 141(
131,829
(89,?06]
243,69?
(145,528)
79,994
(112,468)
Poland
3,267,281
(4,304,116)
23?,026
(40?,488)
,244,162
,969,267)
1,383,773
(1,686,634)
402,320
(240,?2?)
Romania
2,666,820
(3,931,543)
295,435
,250,264
,054,059)
850,316
(1,148,430)
2?0,805
(192,941)
dnion of Soviet
Socialist
Republics
24,492,469
,744,447
,393,609)
7,922,442
(10,266,312)
599,858
(619,84?)
11,520,688
;14,918,251
609,40?
(628,988)
‫ﺭ‬,613,645
‫ﺕ‬,159,199(
143,638
(212,268)
4?1,?54
(450,666)
Sub-total
33,451,672
(40,264,777)
4,661,96?
(?,158,198)
‫ﺙ‬, 560?,
53
١, 664,960(
,170,372
(9 893,3?9)
Socialist
countries of
'Asia
Ohina
‫ﺭ‬,300,358
1,331,112
940,209‫؟‬,
(
(2,125,045)
( 4 , 9 9 0 , 4?2)
4,392,591
(6,161,?58
‫‪TD/B/C.4/‬‬
‫‪Annex II‬‬
‫ﺱﺱ‬
‫_‬
‫‪- 61 -‬‬
‫_‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٨٢٥٥‬‬
‫حم‬
‫ﻟﻪﺩﻡ ﺍ‪0‬‬
‫‪٠١ 0‬‬
‫^ ‪،٨‬‬
‫‪٣٥ ١٥٥‬‬
‫‪■ ٨٢٥٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﺏﺱﺏ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫_‪---------‬‬
‫‪^٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪١٥٥ ٣٣‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪^٠١‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢١٥٥٣‬‬
‫‪^٣٥‬‬
‫‪^،‬‬
‫‪٨ ^ ٨٢٠١٣‬‬
‫‪،٨‬‬
‫^‬
‫‪ ٥٥،٨٥٥‬مي'ﺫ‬
‫‪٧١٢٠٠‬‬
‫‪،٨٥‬‬
‫ﻯ ‪.-‬ﺹﺀﻥ‬‫ﻣﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪٠ ٥٥‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫هلحم‬
‫‪ ٨٢٣‬حم ‪0‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫ﺹ؟‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺀﺀ‬
‫‪٣١٥٠١٥‬‬
‫*ﻡ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪00٢‬‬
‫‪^ ٥٠١ ،٨٥‬‬
‫^ ‪،٨‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣١‬‬
‫‪٥٧١‬‬
‫ﻉ‪،‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥٠‬‬
‫‪٣ ^ ©N‬‬
‫‪ ٣١о ،А،А‬ﺏ‪٨٢‬‬
‫‪٣١٥‬‬
‫‪٥١٥‬‬
‫—‬
‫«‬
‫■‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫■‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪٣١٢٠٠‬‬
‫‪.‬ﻉ‬
‫‪ 40٣٠‬ﺍ‬
‫‪■٣١‬ﺩ ‪ф‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫—‬
‫‪٥٥،٨١٥‬‬
‫‪٣١١٥^،٨‬‬
‫‪١٥٨٢ ٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪- ٠‬‬
‫‪■ ٥٨٢ ٥٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫‪٣٨٢٢^٥‬‬
‫ﺏﺏ‬
‫‪٠٠٠٠‬‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪،.‬‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪СФ‬‬
‫‪٠— D .‬‬
‫— ‪го‬‬
‫ﺀﻡ‬
‫‪СФ‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪—————————-—-‬‬
‫‪،٨٣٨٢٥٥٢‬‬
‫‪^ ٠٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪ ٣١٥٠١٠‬ﺩﻡ؛‪٠‬‬
‫‪ ٣٥‬ﺻﺂﻡ‬
‫^‪٣‬‬
‫مي‬
‫‪ ٥٠١،٨٠١‬ﺫ‬
‫ﻡ ﻡ‬
‫ ‪-‬‬‫‪-‬‬‫‪ ^^،٨٣٨‬ﺩ ‪٣٣ ١٥١٥‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪-‬‬‫ﺹ‪-‬‬
‫حم‬
‫ﺍ‪0‬‬
‫هلﻢ ‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٠١٢٠٠٢^٥‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥٢٠٠٠١‬‬
‫ﺫمي‪٢٠٠٠‬‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫حم‬
‫‪ ٣٠١‬ﻝ‪0‬‬
‫«‬
‫ﺀﺀ ‪١٥٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٢٠٥‬‬
‫ﺏ‪٣٨‬‬
‫!‬
‫‪■- -- -- -‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫‪^،٨٥٠‬‬
‫‪٠٧١‬‬
‫‪،٨٨٢^،٨٣٧ ٦‬‬
‫ﻉ<■‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﻉﻉ‬
‫ﺀﻡ ‪٨٢٨٢٥١٥‬‬
‫ﺳﺬ‬
‫‪٥٠١ ٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٨٢٨٢‬‬
‫——‬
‫ﻅ‬
‫—‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪٢٨١٥‬‬
‫‪،А،А‬‬
‫‪٨٢١٥^٥٢^٨٢١٥٢٠٠‬‬
‫‪—©<N ١٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ ‪ ،٨٨٢‬ﺹ‬
‫‪٠ »،‬‬
‫‪٧١ ٠‬‬
‫‪، ٠٠ ٠٠‬‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫ ‪©٠١٣‬ﺍ‬‫‪٢^٥‬‬
‫حم ْ‬
‫‪٥١٥‬‬
‫‪ф^00 h‬‬‫‪^٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥١٥‬ﺀﺹ‬
‫‪٥١٥‬‬
‫ﺍﺀ‬
‫‪٣٨٢٣١٢٠٠٢٠٠‬‬
‫‪-‬‬‫‪ФГО‬‬
‫‪O ü‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﺡ‬
‫‪'©٣‬‬
‫‪٣٨٢‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫‪—————-‬‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫‪^١٥‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫ﺀﺹ‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫ﻭﻩ‬
‫‪٣٨٢‬‬
‫‪٥٥٣٨٢‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٥٧١‬‬
‫‪١٥٨‬‬
‫‪ ١٨‬ﺫ )‬
‫‪٥٨٢٥٨٢^٠٣‬‬
‫ﻡﺀ‬
‫‪٥٤٨ ^٠٣‬‬
‫^‪٥‬‬
‫ﻭمي‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫‪-‬‬‫^‪٥‬‬
‫‪٠٨٢٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪ ٣٥‬حم‪4‬ﻡ ‪٥١٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﺫ مي‬
‫مي«ﺫ‬
‫‪٨٢٢٠٠،٨٠١٠١٥‬‬
‫‪0 ٥٠١ ٥٥‬ﺀحم‬
‫‪٣٨٢٨٢٥^٥‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٥٣٣٥‬‬
‫‪،٨ ٥١،٨‬ﺹ‬
‫ﻡﺏ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٨٢١٥‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨٢‬‬
‫‪٥ ^ ،٨٥‬‬
‫‪<>،٨٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٣٢٠٠٨٢٥ ٨٢٥‬‬
‫^ ‪،٨‬‬
‫‪١٥٥^٥‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪ ٨٢٣‬ﻣﺺ حم‪0‬‬
‫‪٢^٣١‬‬
‫‪^٠١ ٢٠٠‬‬
‫^‬
‫‪٥١٥ ٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٢^٠١^٥‬‬
‫‪ ،А،А ٥٣،٨٣٣‬ﺏ‬
‫‪»،‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫‪٣٨٢‬‬
‫ﺏﻡﺏ‬
‫ﺏﻡ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺹ‪-‬‬
‫‪ ٠٥‬ﻝ‪ ٨‬ﺝ‬
‫‪١٥٣ ٠١٨٢‬‬
‫‪٨٢٨٢٨٢٨٢‬‬
‫ﺩمي ‪٣٠١‬‬
‫‪^١٥‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫—————————————‬
‫مي‬
‫‪ ٥٥‬ﺹ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٥٨٢ ٥٥‬ﻩﺀ ‪،٨‬ﺹ ‪،٨١٥‬‬
‫‪ ٨٢٠٥٣٠‬ﺩﻡ ‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﺹ ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪،٨ ٥٥^،٨‬‬
‫^‪ ٣٠‬ﻟﻪ ^‬
‫^ ‪،٨‬‬
‫‪ ٣٥‬ﻭﻩ‪٥^٨‬‬
‫^‪٥‬‬
‫‪ ^ ٥٣‬ﺩ‬
‫‪٥٢^ ١٨٠١٣٠‬‬
‫‪٨٢١٨٨٢٤٨١٥٥‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪٣٠،٨٣‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪ ^٠‬ﺀﺕ‪٨٢‬‬
‫‪ ^٢٠٠ ٥٣‬ﻭﺀ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢٥٨٢١٥١٥‬‬
‫‪٥١٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫—*‬
‫‪^٥^٥^٠‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪٣٨٢‬‬
‫ﺏﻡ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٥٠١‬‬
‫‪^٥ -‬‬‫ﻉﻯﻉ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﺏﺏ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪С‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﻯ‬
‫ئ‬
‫‪ГО‬‬
‫‪го‬ﻡ‬
‫‪©ГО а‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪r oc‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺱ‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪и‬‬
‫‪а‬‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫ﻯ‬
‫ة‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪ГО‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪•Г‬‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫ﺀ ‪٠٠١٠١‬‬
‫<‬
‫<‬
‫ﺇ‬
‫‪١٥١٥‬‬
‫‪o l ٣١٠١‬‬
‫‪« ٣٣٠‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻉ‬
‫)‪(/‬‬
‫ﺍﻉ‬
‫‪٣١٧١‬‬
‫‪—ф‬‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫—ﺩ‬
‫ﻁ ‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫ﺉ‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫‪٣٢٨‬‬
‫‪ ٨٢١٥‬ﺹ‬
‫ﺫ‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺡ‬
‫‪ Г- ٣١‬ﺀﻩ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪ГО‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫‪—Ф‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫—‬
‫ﺱﻉﺱﺡ‬
‫‪00٧١‬‬
‫‪^٢٨ ،٨ ^ ٢٠٠١٥‬‬
‫‪٧٦،٨‬‬
‫‪٠١٢٠٠٠٣٥٥٣‬‬
‫‪со٠١ ٨٢٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠١00‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫ﺍ‪،‬‬
‫‪ГО ٠١٠١٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨‬ﺍ ‪٥‬‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫‪ ٧١٢٨٢٠٠٣٥‬ﻟﺐ‬
‫^‬
‫‪^،٨‬‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪ ٥٥‬حمﻠﻪ‬
‫©‬
‫‪٥٧١ ٥٤٨‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪^،٨‬‬
‫‪il‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫"‪*Го‬‬
‫—‬
‫‪ф ،.‬‬
‫ﺍﻡ‬
‫مي‬
‫‪—٠‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ ‪ф‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ФФФО‬‬
‫حم‪:‬ﻫﺤﻪ‬
‫‪t d /b /c‬‬
‫‪.4/289‬‬
‫‪Annex II‬‬
‫‪от‬‬
‫‪0‬ﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻩ‬
‫ﻟﺺ‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬‬
‫مي ‪m‬‬
‫‪٢٨٣‬‬
‫‪٠١٢٠٥٣‬‬
‫^ ‪٥‬‬
‫هل ﻢ‬
‫‪ ٣٨‬يم‬‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫ﺹﺫ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ مي‬
‫ﻡ ‪0\0\ m‬‬
‫^ ‪٥١‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ »‬
‫ﺱﻱ‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥٠١‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫^ ‪т‬‬
‫‪0‬ﺡ‬
‫‪0‬ﺡ‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٠‬‬
‫^ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪^ ٨‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪ m‬حم‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٢٨٨‬‬
‫‪CMg‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪0‬ﺀﻥ‬
‫‪،^٠٧٣١‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪gJO‬‬
‫^‪vom٥ ١‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫‪٠٢‬‬
‫هل ﻮ‬
‫هلﺦ‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٠١‬‬
‫‪٣١١٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ <‬
‫ﺫمي ‪٥٦ ٠٧٣-‬‬
‫‪ CM‬ﺩ ‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪٣١٨٢٠٣‬‬
‫© ﺩ ‪1Л»-‬‬
‫‪٠٧٣‬‬
‫^‪٠‬‬
‫‪٧٣‬؛‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫د‪4‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪СУ5‬‬
‫‪— a‬‬
‫— ‪те‬‬
‫ﻋﺪ‪4‬‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪О‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠١٨‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺡ‬
‫‪٢٧٠‬‬
‫‪ ٨٥‬ﻉ ﻉ‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٢٠٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣٣٠‬‬
‫^‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺩ ^‬
‫ﺫ مي■‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪0‬ﻭ‬
‫مي ‪ ١٨‬ﺯﺹ‬
‫^ ‪٨‬‬
‫مي' ﺫ‬
‫‪Г-». Г».‬‬
‫^‬
‫‪от‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫‪٠١ ٦‬‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫‪ ٥٠‬هل‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪ ٣‬ﺏ‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫ﺩﺍ ‪0‬‬
‫‪٠٢٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪ ^ ٥‬ﻟ مي‬
‫‪1Л‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٢٠٣١‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫<ﻫﺬ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫هلحم‬
‫مي'ﺫ‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪٢٠٧١‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣ ٣-‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ص‬
‫؟؛‬
‫‪ Ü‬ﺗﺎ‬
‫هلﺎ‬
‫‪٠٧٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ »‬
‫‪٩٣١‬‬
‫^ ‪٥‬‬
‫‪٢٠٥‬‬
‫وﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻁممﻦ‬
‫— ©‬
‫— ﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠ ٣‬‬
‫ﺥ ‪CÛ‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫^ ‪٠٧‬‬
‫^ ‪٥‬‬
‫^‬
‫ﻡﺀ مي'‪٨١‬‬
‫مي■‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫‪٧١٥‬‬
‫‪т о‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪ 0‬م‬
‫‪ 0‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻤﺢ‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫‪٣٣٥ ٠‬‬
‫ﺡ‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪_-‬‬‫ذي‪٥٠‬‬
‫« ‪m‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪0‬‬
‫‪٢٥٣١‬‬
‫‪٧١٠١‬‬
‫ﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻪﺹ‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪٠ ٦‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥٢‬‬
‫‪٥٢‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫^ ‪٠‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫—ﺩ‬
‫—©‬
‫‪О С‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫يل‬
‫^ ‪т‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪0‬‬
‫‪٠٧‬‬
‫مي‬
‫^‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫هلﺺﺹ‪m‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪от‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﻡﺀﻭ‬
‫»ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ مي‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫ﻡ‪٠١٠١ m‬‬
‫‪ ٠١٠١ ٣٠٧‬مي ‪0‬‬
‫ﺛﻪ ^‬
‫حم^ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪0‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺩ مب‬
‫ﻫﺎﻭ‬
‫^ ‪٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ »‬
‫‪ m‬ﻟﻪ ‪٠١‬‬
‫‪٠٠٧ ٣ ٠‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪m‬ﺱ‬
‫‪m ^т‬‬
‫‪٣ ٠‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﺡ‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫ﺩﺩ ﺩ مي‬
‫يم‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪ m‬و‬
‫ب‪-‬‬
‫ﺩﺩ‬
‫‪m ٣‬‬
‫‪m‬ﺹ‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪ü‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫؛‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫©‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫يل‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪I-ü‬‬
‫ﺕ'ﺓ‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫^ ‪m‬‬
‫‪١٥١٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪ü‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪тете‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪٨ ٦‬‬
‫‪٥ ٦‬‬
‫‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫يل‪те‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪٥٧٦‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠٢‬‬
‫‪mr‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٨‬‬
‫‪٤٢٧‬‬
‫‪cm‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪cmS‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫آل‬
‫‪те те‬‬
‫مي‬
‫© =‬
‫‪— те то‬‬
‫‪О‬‬
‫‪—с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪О‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪О‬‬
‫‪TD/B/C.4 / 289‬‬
‫‪Annex II‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫‪٣٢٠٠‬‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫©©‬
‫ص ©‬
‫^©‬
‫© ‪٥‬‬
‫‪ ٨١‬ﺡ‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫مص‬
‫—‬‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫‪©٥‬‬
‫•‬
‫■‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫مي ©‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫ى‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫©ﺩ‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫ﺏ©‬
‫© ﺡ‬
‫©©‬
‫‪N٣‬‬
‫‪NN‬‬
‫© ‪٥‬‬
‫ﻳﻢ‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫© ‪» - - - - ٣-‬‬
‫‪ N‬ﺡ‬
‫© ‪٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫■‬
‫ﻳم‬
‫■‬
‫مي‬
‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫©‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪،. .‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪N٣‬‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫‪NN‬‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫‪©٣٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺩ‬
‫©©‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪©٥‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫ﻉﻯ>‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫محﺢ‬
‫‪٣٠٠٠٣‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫مص‬
‫ع ‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣٣٨‬‬
‫ﻉﺹ‬
‫‪W N‬‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫ﺏﺀ‬
‫ﻟد‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫ﻡ “ﺱ ‪-‬‬
‫©©‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫‪٥٣٥٨‬‬
‫حم ‪N‬‬
‫‪NN‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫■‬
‫© ‪٥‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫ ‪-‬‬‫© مي‬
‫■‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ط‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪сто‬‬
‫‪—а‬‬
‫—‪то‬‬
‫ءﻟد‬
‫‪сто‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪- -‬‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻡ‪- -‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫©‪- - N‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺻﺬ‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫©‬
‫©©‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫‪N٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫— — — ‪— - -٠ ٠ “ ------------------ ------------------ “ ٠ “ — - -‬‬
‫^‪٥ © N‬‬
‫‪٥ © ٣٣©٨‬‬
‫©©‬
‫ﺀﻭ‬
‫‪NO‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻭ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫© ﻭ‬
‫© ﻭ‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫مص‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©©‬
‫ﺡ‪N‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪-‬‬‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫‪٥٥٣٥©٨‬‬
‫ﻭ©‬
‫^ ‪N‬‬
‫ىى‬
‫‪©٥٨٣©٨‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪٠ *،‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫مح ﺢ‬
‫‪NN‬‬
‫© مي‬
‫©‬
‫© مي‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫ ‪- --‬‬‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻳﻣو‬
‫‪©٥‬‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫ﻭ‪N‬‬
‫‪N ٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫ ‪-‬‬‫ﻭ©‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫‪- -‬‬
‫ﻭﻭ‬
‫مﺀ‬
‫©‬
‫©©‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺉ‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫مص‬
‫‪،.‬‬
‫ع‬
‫©©‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪ ©١٥‬ﻡﺀ‬
‫‪N ٧١‬‬
‫مي © ‪٣ © N٣‬‬
‫©‪٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ميﺹﺀ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫‪ ON ٧٦ 00٤٨‬حم‪00‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﻳم‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٧٦‬‬
‫مص‬
‫‪٠٠٣٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪^N‬‬
‫‪N٣‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪©٥‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫^ •‪N‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫ﺏﻡ‬
‫ﺏﺏ‬
‫ﺫ‬
‫■‬
‫|‪0‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪к‬‬
‫‪— ф‬‬
‫‪ -‬د‬
‫‪،‬د‬
‫ب‬
‫‪©к‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫©©‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©٥‬‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪٣ N‬‬
‫مي ©‬
‫©©‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫مي ©‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫■‬
‫ا‬
‫© ‪٥‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫©‬
‫مي‬
‫‪ ٥‬ﺡ ﺏ‬
‫مم‬
‫‪٣ ©٣ ٥‬ﻭ‬
‫©‪00‬‬
‫‪NN‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫©©‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪N ٣‬‬
‫© ‪٥‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫ه‬
‫ه‬
‫‪*o‬‬
‫ه‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪•٠٠‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫<‬
‫■‬
‫‪©с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫© ‪٠‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫© ‪٥‬‬
‫او‬
‫‪^N‬‬
‫‪٨ ٣‬‬
‫ﻣﻢ © ‪0 0‬‬
‫؛ ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣ .‬‬
‫‪N.‬‬
‫وﻟﻪ‬
‫و‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©©‬
‫ﺻﻢ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫—‬
‫‪،л-гЬ‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫ﻝ ©‬
‫'©‬
‫© ‪٠‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫—‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪٣ N‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫■‬
‫‪— ٠ф‬‬
‫—ﺩ‬
‫ﻟب‬
‫ﻭﺡ‬
‫©‬
‫‪NN‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫© ‪٥‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫مي ©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪ © 40‬ﻭﺝ‬
‫ﻭﻭ ‪٣ N‬ﻭﻡ ‪© ٨‬‬
‫©‬
‫مي‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪ON On‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫© ‪CNJ‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻳم ©‬
‫‪-- ---‬‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫ه‬
‫ﻭﻭ‬
‫‪©٥‬‬
‫ذ‬
‫‪— ■о‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪،о‬‬
‫©‪ф‬‬
‫؛ ‪с‬‬‫‪Фто‬‬
‫‪ÜÜ‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪О‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻭ‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪^TN‬‬
‫‪٣ N‬‬
‫©©‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪W‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪N٨‬‬
‫ع ‪٠‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫■‬
‫لآ‬
‫‪С‬‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©©‬
‫ﻣﻤﺢ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﻳﻣﻣﺢ‬
‫© ﻭ‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٨‬؛ ‪N‬‬
‫©‬
‫© ﻭ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪ N‬حم‬
‫■‬
‫© ﻭ‬
‫ب‬
‫‪٣٨٣‬‬
‫© ‪٨‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫■‬
‫■‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫© ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫مي ©‬
‫©‪N‬‬
‫‪^N‬‬
‫‪٣٣٣‬‬
‫‪©٨‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺀ‬
‫‪0 ©N‬‬
‫‪©٣‬‬
‫“‬
‫“‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫ﻡﺀ‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫م‬
‫‪Зто‬‬
‫— ‪٠‬‬
‫‪ФС‬‬
‫‪то‬ت‪0‬‬
‫‪ с‬آل‬
‫‪Фто‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﻟﺪ‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪ск‬‬
‫‪©о‬‬
‫©©‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﻡ‬
‫مي ©‬
‫©ﻭ‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫‪1-N‬‬
‫© ‪٥‬‬
‫‪©N‬‬
‫ﺏﺕ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫—‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫د‬
‫‪к‬‬
‫ه‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪к‬‬
‫‪С‬‬
‫‪ТО‬‬
‫‪■о‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫‪О‬‬
‫‪TD/B/C.4/‬‬
‫‪Annex II‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫بنبن‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫ﺫ مي■‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪،٨٠١‬‬
‫‪ ٠١ C M w‬ﻩ ‪٥ ،٨‬‬
‫‪- ٠‬‬
‫‪،٨٨٢٨٢٠‬‬
‫‪ ٥٣‬ﺏ‬
‫حم ‪0‬‬
‫حم‬
‫‪>\1‬‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺡ‪0‬‬
‫‪•٣‬‬
‫^‪٥‬‬
‫ﻟمي‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪،٨٥‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪cmS‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢ ،٨‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٠‬‬
‫‪،٨‬ﺹ‬
‫‪،٨ ٣‬‬
‫مي'ﺫ‬
‫‪»-CM‬‬
‫‪٥٤٨‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪CM‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬ﻭ ‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪«-‬‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫‪،٨٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪с (Л‬‬
‫‪—а‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪Q٠٠‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫‪.---‬‬
‫‪٠١٠١ ٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٨٢٥٥‬‬
‫‪ ٠٠‬م‬
‫مم‬
‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫‪،٨ ٥‬‬
‫مي ‪٨٢‬‬
‫ﻟﻪﻟﺺﺹ‬
‫‪،٨‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪-٠‬‬
‫‪*، ، .‬‬
‫ﺫ مي ﺑﻨﺺ‬
‫مي ‪٨٢‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪.-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪٥٥٣٠٣٥٠٣٣٠‬‬
‫سﺀ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻭﺹ‬
‫‪،٨٠‬‬
‫‪٥٣٣٥‬‬
‫■ م‬
‫‪،‬‬
‫‪٠ ■، ٣٠٣٥،‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫‪»-CM‬‬
‫‪،٨ ٥‬‬
‫بنمح‬
‫‪،٨٨٢‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫حم‬
‫‪٨‬ﺍﺑﻦ ﻩ(‬
‫‪٠ ،‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٨٢‬‬
‫‪٨٢٠‬‬
‫‪،٨٤٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ،٨‬‬
‫‪ ٦О٦‬ﺀ‬
‫^ ‪،٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻩ‬
‫‪٣٤٨‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪٣ ٠‬‬
‫‪،٨ ٥‬‬
‫^ ‪ ٥ ٥ ٠ ٥ ٥‬ﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‪٨ ٢ ٠ ٨٢٨٢‬‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﺍﻡ ‪٥ ٨ ٢‬ﺑﻨﺺﺹﺀ‬
‫‪ ٨٢٥‬ﺏ‬
‫حم‪ ٨0٢٨‬ﺏ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫من‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫‪٣٠CM‬‬
‫‪٥٣٨‬‬
‫ﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪،٨٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻉ‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٣٨٢‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠٨٢‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ب‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫ﻭﺝ‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺞ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﻫﻊﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٨٢٧١‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠٠‬‬
‫مي حم‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫؟ة‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻁ ﻛﺪ‬
‫‪٣٠٥٥٣٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫— ﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺹ‬
‫‪ГО‬‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫‪___-_----‬‬
‫‪،٨٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻉ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪ ٥٥‬ﻭ مي‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢٠٣٨٢٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠٣٠٣‬‬
‫ﺀﺹ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٨٢‬‬
‫‪٥^٨‬‬
‫‪٥^٨‬‬
‫‪٣٧١‬‬
‫‪٥٥٣٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٨٢٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥٥٥‬‬
‫ﻣﻮ‬
‫‪٥٨٢٥٥٣٥‬‬
‫ﺫ' مي ‪٣٠ CM‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪٠٣٥٣‬‬
‫ﺻﻮ‬
‫‪٠٨٢‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪-‬‬‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪T-CM‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪-Ф‬‬
‫—‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪ОС‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‬‫ﻡ‬
‫————‪-‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪،٨٤٨‬‬
‫‪،٨٠‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻡﺀ‬
‫‪٥٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪ ٨١ ٣٥‬ﺡ‬
‫‪٣٥٨٢٥‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪-‬‬‫‪٣‬‬
‫مي'ﺫ ﻭ مي‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻡ ‪٠٣ ٣ CM‬‬
‫ﻭﺹ‬
‫‪٠٣٠٣‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫—‪-‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٨٢٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺹ‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪ ٥٥‬ﻭﺹ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫مصﺢ‬
‫‪٥٥٥٨٢٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‬‫‪CM٣‬‬
‫‪٥ ،٨‬‬
‫‪- --‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﺫﻡ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥٣٥‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪٨٢٨٢٣٥‬‬
‫‪٠٠٣٠٠٣٠‬‬
‫‪^•см‬‬
‫—‬
‫—‪--—--‬‬
‫‪٣^١ ٧ ٦ ٣٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٧١٣٥‬‬
‫مي ﻮ‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٨٢٣‬‬
‫‪،٨٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪ ٨،‬ﺡ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫مممم‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪ ،٨‬ﻩ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪CM»-‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٣٥٥٥‬‬
‫ﺀ ‪a.‬‬
‫‪٣٣٣٥‬‬
‫‪٥٧ ٦‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ ٠٥‬ﺫﺱ‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻩ ‪٣٠٢٠‬‬
‫‪،٨٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪<٣٥‬ميﺬ‬
‫ﻉ ﻉﻉ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪،٨٥‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٠٠٠٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺝ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫©‬
‫‪ -‬ﺀ‬
‫‪4‬آل‬
‫‪о‬ﺩ‪т‬‬
‫‪Ш‬‬
‫— ©‬
‫‪roc‬‬
‫‪ ГО‬ﺃ‪0‬‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪©١‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪ГО‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺀﺓ‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫‪ГО‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫©‬
‫‪ГО‬‬
‫‪та‬‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪гсо‬‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫مج‬
‫©‪го‬‬
‫‪то то‬ﺀﺩ‬
‫‪го‬‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫ﻯ‬
‫—‪и -‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﺎ‬
‫ه‬
‫‪£‬‬
‫ت‪© ф0‬ه‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫©ﺍ‬
‫‪t d /b /c‬‬
‫‪.4/289‬‬
‫‪Annex II‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٢٧٣‬‬
‫ﻩ‪ 0‬مي‬
‫‪٠١٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫» ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺹ‬
‫‪٨ ٥‬‬
‫ﻡ ]ﻩ‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫ﺩ‪00‬‬
‫‪٧٦٣‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٠١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻩ‬
‫‪٠٠٣‬‬
‫‪٠‬ﺹ يح‬
‫‪٠٨‬‬
‫‪0^00‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩ‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪1ЛСО ٠ ٤ ٨‬‬
‫‪ ٥٢٠٠‬ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪ООО‬‬
‫‪١٥٧١‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥ ٠١٠٨ ٣‬‬
‫‪ ٠١٠١٧١،٨ ٥‬ﺩ‬
‫‪٢٠٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ^‬
‫‪٨ ٣‬‬
‫‪،٨ ٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٩٦ ٠٧٩٠٥٩‬‬
‫‪٧١٥‬‬
‫‪٩ ٣‬‬
‫‪]٠ ٠ ١‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥١٠‬‬
‫إل ﻉ‬
‫‪٣ ٨‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥٠١‬‬
‫‪٨٢٢‬ﻟﻪ‪٤‬‬
‫‪0‬حم‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫ﻡﺀ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٧٦‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫‪٠٧٢٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٠‬‬
‫‪٠٢٠‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪٧٦‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٠٧٣‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫يل‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫^ ‪٨٢‬‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫‪с <л‬‬
‫‪—а‬‬
‫ﺀدي‬
‫‪с<л‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٦٦‬‬
‫‪٧١٤٨‬‬
‫^ ‪٨‬‬
‫‪٠^٨‬‬
‫‪٠ ٨‬‬
‫» ﺩ‬
‫‪٨٠١‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٠ ٩٠٣٣‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﺡ‬
‫ﻟ مي‬
‫‪٠ ٣‬‬
‫^‬
‫‪٠١٩‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫هلﻢ ‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫ﺡ ‪^ ٤٨ 0‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫^ ‪٠‬‬
‫‪ ٨٨ ٠٧٦‬ب‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫^‪٠٨‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٠٤٨‬‬
‫^ ‪٨‬‬
‫‪٢٠٩‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫مح ‪0‬‬
‫‪٥ ٨‬‬
‫‪٥٤٨‬‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫‪^٣‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻉ‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫مي ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫« ‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪٨٨١‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫؛ ‪٥‬‬
‫‪٤ ٨٣‬‬
‫‪٠٠ ٠‬‬
‫ﻡﺀ‬
‫مي]ﻩ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٥٨٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥.٠١٣‬‬
‫‪٣٣٠١٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫ﻉ ﻉ ‪ ٥٥٣٠٥٥‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٢٣‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٤ ٨٠‬‬
‫‪•S،‬‬
‫ا‬
‫©‪-‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‪،‬‬
‫‪©٥‬‬
‫‪с ،‬‬
‫‪©те‬‬
‫‪ü‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٤ ٨٥‬‬
‫‪٤٨٥٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩ‪-‬ﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺡ‬
‫ﻟﺺ ‪٠٧٠١‬‬
‫ﺩﺩ ‪٤ ٨٣‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٨٧١‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٤ ٨٣‬‬
‫‪ ،٨‬ﻱ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ميجم‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫مي 'ﺫ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ^‬
‫‪- ٠‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٤٨‬‬
‫‪٠٥ • ، ، .‬‬
‫‪T—CM‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٨ ٨‬‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫^ ‪٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫‪٣٤٨‬‬
‫‪ ٠‬ﻡ‬
‫^ ‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٤٨‬‬
‫ﺫﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺱﺱﺱ‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫‪٠٠١٣٥‬‬
‫‪٤ ٨٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٠‬‬
‫^ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻩﻭﻩ‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫ﻟﻪﻟﻪ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫‪٤ ٨٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫هل ﻢ‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺩ‬
‫‪٨٥٣٨‬‬
‫‬‫ﻡ‬
‫‪٠٠ ٠٠‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫يص‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫يص‬
‫مي'ﺫ‬
‫‪٤٨٥١٥٥‬‬
‫‪٧٣‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٥ ٤‬‬
‫‪٠٨‬‬
‫» ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣ ٣‬‬
‫‪٠٠٧‬‬
‫‪٨٤٨‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫‪٤ ٨٠‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫^‪٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫حم?ﻩ‬
‫‪»“?٠١‬‬
‫مي ‪0‬‬
‫‪ ٠١ ٥ ٥‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻡ ‪٣ ٠ ٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻩ ﻫﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻩ ‪0‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪٦٩‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫هلﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺝ‬
‫‪٣ ٠٠١٠٠١‬‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪٢٠٩‬‬
‫‪٠٧٨‬‬
‫^‬
‫‪II‬‬
‫‪٩ ٥‬‬
‫‪٨٤٨‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٦٦‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫» ﺩ ‪٤٨٠‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫«ﺀ‬‫ﺩﻡ ‪٤٨٤٨‬‬
‫•‪٠‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﺡ ﺹ ‪0‬‬
‫‪٩٦‬‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫هل‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫© ﻟﺪ‬
‫ﻋآل>‬
‫©‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪I‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪© те‬‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺫﻉ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪^ ٤٨‬‬
‫ﻟﺺ‬
‫مي ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﺩﺡ‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫© ‪٠‬‬
‫ﻱ‬
‫—‬
‫‪ОС‬‬
‫^ ‪ 0 ٠١‬ﻡ ‪ ^ ٥‬ﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫‪٠٧٠٥ ٣ ٣ ٣ 0 0‬‬
‫ﻟ مي ‪ ٣ ^ ٨ ٥ ٨‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫» ﻟﻪ إلﺹ‬
‫^ ‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫^‪сл‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫ﻟﻪﺹ‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٦٢٦‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪0‬‬
‫‪٠٧ ٨‬‬
‫‪٠١٢٠‬‬
‫»ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪ ٠٤٨‬ﺏ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺇ ال‬
‫— ‪Ш‬‬
‫— ﺩ‬
‫^‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪со‬‬
‫ﺩ‪4‬‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪I-‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫‪٩ ٦‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪^ ٠٧‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ »‬
‫ﺳﺲﺱ‬
‫‪٨٨‬‬
‫» ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٥٤٨‬‬
‫‪٠١٠‬‬
‫‪ ^^٥‬ﺩ‬
‫‪^٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٤٨٠١‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٤٥١‬‬
‫‪^٢٢٠‬‬
‫?‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٨٤٨‬‬
‫حم ْ‬
‫‪،0‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٠٧٠‬‬
‫‪O‬‬
‫‪(Л‬‬
‫‪٠٠٠‬‬
‫— ﺩ‪4‬‬
‫•—‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫» —‪٨‬‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫©‬
‫©‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫‪У5С‬‬
‫‪،0‬حم‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©©‬
‫—‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪сте‬‬
‫ﻡ ‪-‬‬
‫©‪،‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫©‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫©‬
‫ﻉ —‪Ф‬‬
‫‪те‬‬
‫©ﻉ‬
‫ﺀ ‪ те‬ﺩ‪+‬‬
‫‪•٠‬‬
‫‪с‬‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫©©‬
‫‪с ،‬‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪тео‬‬
‫‪ГО‬‬
‫ﺃ‬
‫‪TD/B/C.4/‬‬
‫‪Annex II‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪٥٠‬‬
‫ﻉ ‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪^٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺫ ‪-‬‬‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٨٠٠٥‬‬
‫ال‪ 0‬ﺡ‬
‫‪٥٧١‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ОСЧ‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪-٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‬‫‬‫‬‫—‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٥٥٥٨٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥٥٣٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫ ‪-‬‬‫‪-٠ ٠ ٠ ٣٨٣٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥٥٨‬‬
‫ ‪-‬‬‫‪-٠‬‬
‫ ‪-‬‬‫‪٥٨٥٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥٨٥٥٠‬‬
‫‪٠٧٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫ﻫﺺ‬
‫‪ ٠٧٣‬ﻭﺹ ‪> ٨٢٨٢‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٠‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫جل ‪CM‬‬
‫?\)ﻩ‬
‫‪٦٦‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻭ‬
‫_‬
‫‪------‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥٥٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪ ٥٥‬ﺏ‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٣٥٥٣‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٠٥٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٣٣٠٨‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪ ،٨‬ﻡ‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﺩﻩ‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠٧٣٥٨‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪٢٠٢٠‬‬
‫‪■ ٥٥‬‬
‫ ‪-‬‬‫‪٨٥٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬حم‬
‫ﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪،٨ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ со‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫رى‬
‫‪ 0‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫مي‬
‫حم‬
‫‪CM ٣٠‬‬
‫_‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻩ‬
‫‪٥٨٢٥٠٠٨٢٥٥٨٥‬‬
‫‪- ٥٨٠٥٣٠٣٨٥٣‬ﻡ‪٥٣ ،‬‬
‫‬‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻩ‬
‫‪ ٥٣‬ﺏ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٨٢٨٢٣٠٧‬‬
‫>‪0‬‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪— a.‬‬
‫— ‪со‬‬
‫ﺀﺏ‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪о‬‬
‫____‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪:::‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٥٠٥٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫^‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٠٧٣٣ ٦٥٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻩ‬
‫‪ ٠٠٠‬حمﺚ\ﺓ‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫^ مت‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥٣ ٣‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫^‬
‫‪٣٠٨٢٠‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪١ ٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪١٥٢-‬‬
‫‪٣ CM‬‬
‫‪،٨ ٥‬‬
‫‪»-см‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٨ ^٥ ٥‬‬
‫ﺑ ﻨ ﻠ ﻪ ‪٨ ٥ ٥‬ﺍ ‪٥‬‬
‫‪ о CM‬ﺏ‬
‫‪٥ ٣ ٥ ٨ ٢ ٠ ٣‬‬
‫‪٠٥ ٠ ٥ ٥ ٠ ٣ ٨ ٢‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥ CM«- ^ ٣‬‬
‫‪٧٦٥٧٦٣‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫^‬
‫ممﺢ‬
‫ﺏ‪٣٨٢‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪١٥‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥ ٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٠ ٥٧٦‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪Га‬‬
‫‪ф то‬‬
‫ﻯ‬
‫‪Ü‬‬
‫—‪-------‬‬
‫‪٥٣٥٥٠٥٠٠٥٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٨٨٢ ٣٨٢‬‬
‫‪٥٨٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫م‬
‫ع ع‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫ ‪-‬‬‫‬‫‪1‬‬‫ ‪-- --‬‬‫‪٣٣٨٣٥٨٨٠٥٥٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٨٥٨٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪ « -٠٣‬ﻭ‬
‫‪٨٢٨‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٢ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫مي>‬
‫مي '‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫—‬
‫—‬
‫‪٠٨٢‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪0‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺹ‬
‫‪^ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٧١٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥ ٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٥00٩ ٦‬‬
‫‪٨٢‬‬
‫^‪٨‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪،٨ ٥ ،٨ ٥‬‬
‫»‪CM‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺹ‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢٥٨‬‬
‫‪٥٥٥٨‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٣٠٣‬‬
‫‪٠٨٢‬‬
‫‪٥٥٥٥‬‬
‫ ‪-1 - - -‬‬‫‪٨٢٨٢ ٣٠٧٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥٨٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣٠٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪- -‬‬
‫‬‫‪٥٥٨٥‬‬
‫‪٨٢٥‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫■‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪ ٤-‬ممﺪ‬
‫—©‬
‫—‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺍ ﻩ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪ü‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٩ ٦‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪،٨ ٠‬‬
‫‪٩ ٩‬‬
‫‪١، ٥،٨‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٢ ٥ ٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٦٣‬‬
‫‪«- ٨٢‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻩ‬
‫‪،٨ ٠‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٢،٨‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪»-CM‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٥ ^٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫مح‬
‫ﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻩ‬
‫‪« - CM‬‬
‫‪٥١٨‬‬
‫‪٠ ٨‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٠٧٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪٦ ٩‬‬
‫‪٩١٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫•‪٣ ،٨‬‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫ﺹ >‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫©‪+‬‬
‫ﺩ‬
‫‪ФТО‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍ ﺩ‪+‬‬
‫©‬
‫©<‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺀ‬
‫‪٥٤٨‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫‪٩ ٦‬‬
‫‪١٨٣‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫نم‬
‫‪£‬ﺀ‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥١٨‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٠٠ ٨٩‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٨٢٣‬‬
‫! ‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫—‬
‫ﻡ‪то‬‬
‫—‪3‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪>)ф‬‬
‫مس‬
‫ﺙ‪0‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻡ‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٠ ٠ ٨ ٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٥‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٣ ٩‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٢٨‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٠‬‬
‫‪٣ ٨ ٢ ٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٢ ٥‬‬
‫ ‪■- -‬‬‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪ то‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ЗФ‬‬
‫ﺍﺡ‬
‫©‪ф‬‬
‫‪،‬ﺙ ﺉ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣ ٣ ٠‬‬
‫ﻡﺀ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫^ ‪٥‬‬
‫‪٠٧٣‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫‪٣ ٠ ٧‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣٨٢‬‬
‫‪٦ ٦‬‬
‫‪٨ ٦‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٠٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥٠٥٠٥‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٠٧٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٨‬‬
‫‪٥ ٨ ٢‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٥ ٨‬‬
‫ﺡ‬
‫ه‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪cr‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ١ ٥ ٩ ٩‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪٣ ٠‬‬
‫‪:<ь.‬‬
‫©ﺓ‬
‫©ﺹ‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫ﻉ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺹ‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪ф‬‬
‫©‬
‫ﻕ‬
‫©‬
‫‪٦‬‬
‫—‪٧‬‬
‫ﺀﻩ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫—‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪Ф‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪٠١‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﺫ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫?‪^ ٨‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫©‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪١٩٦‬‬
‫‪٣ ٨‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻩ‬
‫‪٠ ٨‬‬
‫إل ﺝ‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٣٥ ٣٨٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺡ ‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٨٢ ٥٥ ٠٨٢ ٨٢٨٢‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٨٢٨٢‬‬
‫‪٨ ٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٥‬‬
‫—‪ t‬ﺫ ‪٥ ٨ ٢‬‬
‫‪٣ ٠‬‬
‫‪٨ ٥ ٨ ٢ ٨ ٥ ٠ ٨ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٨ ٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪٥ ٨ ٢ ٥ ٨‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﺀ‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪٦ ٦‬‬
‫‪٨ ٥‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪٨ ٢ ٥ ٣ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫ين‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫ﻡﻡ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٥ ٣‬‬
‫‪١٨٥‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫____‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥ ٠‬‬
‫^‪то‬‬
‫© ‪٤٠‬‬
‫—ﺀ‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﺪ‬
‫©‬
‫ا ‪TD/B/C.4‬‬
‫‪Annex II‬‬
‫‪СО ٢٧‬‬
‫‪،^ ٤٨‬‬
‫ﻟمت‬
‫‪٧١٠‬‬
‫‪٣ ٨‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٧١00‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫‪٧١ON‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻤﺢ‬
‫‪00 т -‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪ON ON‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫هل‬
‫‪- 67 -‬‬
‫‪٣ ٥‬‬
‫إلﺀ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ^‬
‫‪٠ ٠‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪^ ٠‬‬
‫‪٠٧١‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪٨ ٣‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪тем‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫‪OON ٣٥‬‬
‫ﺹ مي ‪m‬‬
‫ﻩﺀ ‪m‬‬
‫‪On‬‬
‫‪٥٥٥٥‬‬
‫‪٧١‬‬
‫‪ ٣‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪от‬‬
‫ﺹﺀ‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٠٠٠٠١‬‬
‫‪٩٧١‬‬
‫«‪m‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪0‬‬
‫‪٨ ٨‬‬
‫ﺹ‪m‬‬
‫‪٥ ^٦‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠٠٧‬‬
‫‪m‬ﺹ‬
‫ﺩﺍ‪0‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪ m‬ﻡ‬
‫‪«m‬‬
‫‪٦ ٩‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫^ ‪٣‬‬
‫‪^٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ٠‬‬
‫^‪٥‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪^т‬‬
‫‪٥ ٨‬‬
‫‪٣ ٨‬‬
‫‪٠ ٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٣ ٠ ١‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻪ‬
‫مي؛ﻩ‬
‫ﺫ‘ ﺫ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٦ ٩‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﻟﻪ ؟ ‪m‬‬
‫مي ‪m‬‬
‫‪٩ ٦‬‬
‫‪٠١ ٩‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﺡ‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٠٨‬‬
‫«ﻟ ﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ ٣m‬ﻟﻪ‪ ٨‬ﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫» ﺩ‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪٦ ٦‬‬
‫‪٠٧١‬‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫‪«m‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫ﻟ مي‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫حم ‪m‬‬
‫‪٦ ٦‬‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫حم ‪m‬‬
‫‪٦ ٦‬‬
‫‪٥٠١‬‬
‫‪٥٠١‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٠٧١‬‬
‫‪о т ٥٤٨‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪ m‬ﻟﻪ ‪m‬‬
‫‪٣ ٨‬‬
‫» ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣٠١‬‬
‫‪٠٠‬‬
‫‪оо‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪٦ ٣‬‬
‫ﻟ مي‬
‫‪от‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪٣‬‬
‫—‬
‫‪٨٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻱ‪m‬‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٨ ■٨‬‬
‫»ﻟﻪ‬
‫ب‬
‫ﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪OON‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٠٥٣٠‬‬
‫‪٣٠‬‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪0‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻡ‬
‫‪٨٠١‬‬
‫‪٠١٥‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪^٨‬‬
‫‪٥٠١٥٥‬‬
‫^ ‪٨‬‬
‫^‪т‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫»‬
‫ءم‬
‫———————‬
‫‪ ٠٧ ٣٠٧‬مي‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٠٠١٠٠١‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪﻟﻪﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻪﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪0‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ع‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫■‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫مي ﻪ‬
‫‪ m‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ m‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٠٠١‬‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٩٩‬‬
‫‪то‬‬
‫‪٠١٨‬‬
‫‪от‬‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫‪٨٠‬‬
‫‪٠١٠٠١‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣٥‬‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫ﺩﻡ‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻩ‬
‫‪٠١١‬‬
‫■ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭ‬
‫‪mm‬‬
‫‪.‬ﻉ‪ 0،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪. ٣-‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪^т‬‬
‫» ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻭ مي‬
‫ﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ‪ 0‬ﻟﻪ ‪٠‬‬
‫‪٠١٣٠١٣‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٣٣‬‬
‫ب‬
‫ﺱ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫ﻡ‬
‫‪----‬‬
‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫‪ 0‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫^‪٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻩ ‪0‬‬
‫و‬
‫‪от‬‬
‫‪٠١٣‬‬
‫ﻟﻪﻟﻪ‬
‫‪m‬‬
‫‪ ٥٣‬ﺻﻠﻪ‬
‫‪٠‬‬
‫‪ »٠١‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫‪٠٥‬‬
‫‪ m‬ﻟﻪ‬
‫^‪m‬‬
‫‪٨٥‬‬
‫‪٠٣‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
‫‪٣٠٧‬‬
‫‪٥٥٣٠٧٠٠٣٧١‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫‪от‬‬
‫^ ‪٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺹ ‪moN‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫^‪т‬‬
‫^ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣٨‬‬
‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫‪٥٠١‬‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﻟﻪ‬
‫‪٣ ٨‬‬
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TD/B/C.4 ‫ا‬
Annex II
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‫مبﻪ‬
‫مك ﺂ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻝ ﺻﻞ ﻣﻨﺜﻮر ات ا ال م ا ﻧﻤﺪ ة‬
. ‫ﻋﺎﻝ‬
‫ين‬
‫ﺍمط ﻣﺎﺵ ﺍﻟمكﺖ ﺍﺩ‬
.
.
‫ﺍﺱﺽ ﺍ جت ﺎﺕ ودورﺍﻟﺘﻮﺭﻉﺽ ﺟﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺎ ﺍﺑﺎمل‬
‫ﺍﻡ‬
‫ىط ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺛﻦ ﺍ رسﺩ‬
•‫ﻣﺮﻙ ﺍﻭيت ﺟﻴﻒ‬.‫^؛؛ﺽ حمﺪ‬
١ ‫ﺃﺩ ﺍﻛﺐ ﺍىل؛ ﺍالﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ' مت‬
HOW то OHT^^N UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS
U nited N ations ‫ﻇالﺀ‬i‫ﻅ‬ations may be obtained from bookstores and distributors
tbrou^bout tbe world. Consult your bookstore or write to: United Nations, Sales
Seetion, New Vork or Geneva.
COUINENT SE РВОСиВЕВ LES PUBLICATIONS DES NATIONS UNIES
Les
des Nations Unies sont en vente dans les librairies et les agences
d‫ﺀﺅ‬ositai٢e‫ ﺓ‬du monde entier. In£orme^-vous au^r^s de votre libraire ou adressez-vous
à : N ations Unies, Section des ventes, New York ou Genbve.
К А К
П О Л У Ч И Т Ь
И З Д А Н И Я
О Р Г А Н И З А Ц И И
О Б Ъ Е Д И Н Е Н Н Ы Х
Н А Ц И И
И зд а н и я О рган и заци и О бъеди н ен н ы х ‫ ﺁ ﺁ‬a ц и ‫ﻝﺀ ﻩ‬٠^ н o куп и ть в КНИ^НЬ!% »«агази н а х и а ге н т ст в а х во в сех р ай он ах »«ира. И а в од и те сн рав к и об и зд ан и ях в
вате»« книжно»« »«агазине ияи пиш ите по а д р е с у : О р ган и за ц и я О бъедин ен ны х
Н аций , С екция по прод аж е издан ий, Н ь ‫؛‬о-И орк иди Ж енева.
сомо CONSEGUIB PUBLICACIONES DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS
Las publicaciones de las Naciones Unidas est^n en venta en librerlas y casas distribuidoras en todas partes del mundo. Consulte a su librero о dir^ase a; Naciones
Unidas, Seccidn de Yentas, Nueva York 0 Ginebra.
?tinted in Switzerland
G E.85-56892-Septem ber 1 9 8 ^ -8 ,9 9 9
T D /B /C .4 /28 9
00950P
United Nations pnbiieation
$ 6 ‫ اه‬$ No. E.85.II.D.18
ISBN 92-1-112206-6