Engineering 22
Auxiliary
Views-2
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
1
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Chp7 Goals
 To Develop The Skill to Generate Views That
Show Inclined And NonOrthographic
(Oblique) Surfaces In TRUE Shape In
Multiview Drawings
 To Be Able to Integrate into Standard
OrthoGraphic Drawings these AUXILIARY
VIEWS to Clarify the Description of The
Object
 Find the TRUE SHAPE of Oblique Surfaces
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
2
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Successive Auxiliary Views
 Recall Uses for Auxiliary Views
• True Length of a Line
• Point-View of a Line
– View a line from an End
• Edge View of a Plane
– View a Plane on Edge
• True-Size/Area View of a Plane
 ALL of the Above Found by the USE of
SUCESSIVE Aux Views
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
3
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Construction of Successive AuxVs
Primary
AuxV
ALTERNATING
Distance-XFER
Secondary AuxV
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
4
 KEY to Successive Aux
View Construction →
Recognize That Fold
Lines on EITHER
EDGE of the Projection
Plane Contain
COMMON
DISTANCES
• In Fig at Left Note the
Distance Xfer from
the Hinge Lines
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Construct AuxV Step-by-Step
 Consider Pt-1 with Secondary Aux Views Projected
from All Three Principal Planes
B
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
5
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Step-by-Step: 1H → 1B
1. Determine LoS for Aux
View-A

In Practice This is Done
to Reveal Significant
Information

3
2
This Example is Only
Illustrative
2. Draw Fold Line (FL)
H/A That is  to the
LoS. CHOOSE Dist
(D4) From Point 1H
B
3. Extend from Pt 1H a 
construction line into
“A Space”
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
6
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Step-by-Step: 1H → 1B cont
4. Using Acad DIST &
OFFSET, Transfer Dim
D1 from FrontV into
Aux ProjPlane A along
the  Construction Ln
5. Determine the LoS for
the 2nd Aux. View
6. Draw Fold Line (FL)
A/B That is  to the
LoS.
•
6
B
4
Place at any convenient
distance From Point 1A
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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4
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Step-by-Step: 1H → 1B cont.2
7. Extend from Pt 1H a 
construction line into
“B Space”
8. Using DIST &
OFFSET Transfer Dim
D4 from TopV into Aux
ProjPlane B Along the
 Construction Ln
9. This then Establishes
the Location of the
Desired Pt, 1B
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
8
8
7
8
B
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Principal Lines
 Characteristics
• TRUE LENGTH
in ONE of the
Principal Views
• PARALLEL to the
Ref-Plane Line
(a.k.a. Folding
Line) in the Other
Principal Views
 Frontal Line → TL in
FRONTAL-Space
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
9
 Horizonal Line → TL
in Top-Space
 Profile Line → TL
in Profile-Space
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Use of Principal Lines
 Principal Lines are Always Parallel to
one of the RP or FL lines; and TL in the
ADJACENT View
 This suggests that we Can find a TL
Line by One of
• Making a FL/RP Line Parallel to a Given
Line
• Drawing a Line that is Parallel to a Given
FL/RP Line
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
10
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Oblique Distance

Given F&H Views at
Right showing
•
•

Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
11
10 mm Tube, rk
15 mm sphere at m
Determine the TRUE
Clearance Between
These Physical
Objects
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Solution Plan

Since m is a BALL it
appears in TRUE SIZE
in ANY View

Thus Need to
Construct the END
VIEW of the Cylinder
rk which will Appear as
a Circle; i.e., want
POINT-V for Line rk
•
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
12
Can then measure the
Center-to-Center
distance Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Solution (1)

Need TL view of rk
1. From TopV, Strike FL
H/1 || to rHk
2
1
2. Extend in 1-Space 
Construction Lines
3. In Prep for Distance
Measurement
Transfer, Set FL F/H
3
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
13
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Solution (2)
4. Measure Xfer
Distances in F-Space
7
6
5
5. Transfer Distances to
1-space to Locate Pts
on the Construction
lines
6. Label Points
7. Draw AuxV1 showing
4
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
14
•
•
Sphere
TL Tube
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Solution (3)

8
9
Now need END VIEW
of the CenterLINE of
the Tube
•
10
LoS for AuxV2 || to
CenterLINE
8. Draw FL 1/2  to
CenterLine
9. Extend Construction
Lines into 2-Plane
10. Measure Xfer
Distances in H-Space
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
15
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Solution (4)
11
13
12
11. Xfer Distances from HSpace to 2-Space
12. Label Points in 2-Spc
13. Draw CIRCLES for


Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Sphere
END VIEW of Tube
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Solution (5)
14
14. Measure the
Clearance as 14.4
mm
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
17
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
True Size Plane Can Show
 The Shortest Distance Between a Point
& a Line
• A line & NonCollinear Pt DEFINE a Plane
 The Angle Between 2 Intersecting Lines
• Intersecting Lines DEFINE a Plane
• Allows Construction of the Angle BiSector
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
18
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Normal View of a Plane
 Normal View Description
A NORMAL or TRUE-SIZE-andSHAPE (TS) View of a Plane is
Obtained in Any View for Which The
LoS is  to the Plane
 On the Dwg Surface this LoS Appears 
to the EDGE View of a Plane
 Construction of the TS View for an
Oblique Plane Requires 2 Aux Views
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
19
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Construct TS of Oblique Surface
1
 Determine True Size of Oblique Surface 1234
1. Recognize that In the H-View Lines 12 & 34 are ||
the H/F FL
•
Thus Lines 12 & 34 are TRUE LENGTH (TL)
in the Front View (Frontal Space, or F-Space)
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
20
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Construct TS of Oblique Surface
2
3
2. Determine LoS-P that is parallel to a TL Line
Contained in the Plane: e.g.; 12 or 34
3. Strike FL F/1 that is  to LoS-P
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
21
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Construct TS of Oblique Surface
4
4
4. Construct Primary Aux View at FL F/1 For Surface
1234 to Establish an EDGE VIEW of the Oblique
plane
•
•
Construction lines  to FL F/1
Xfer Depth Dimensions from TOP View FL H/F
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
22
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Construct TS of Oblique Surface
6
7
5
7
5. Locate LoS-S that is  to the EV of Surface 1234
6. Strike FL 1/2 that is  to LoS-S
7. Xfer Dims from F-Space to 2-Space to Locate Pts 14 in the 2-Plane
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
23
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Construct TS of Oblique Surface
8
8. Connect the Dots in the 2-Plane to Reveal the TRUE
Nature (Size & Shape) of the Oblique Surface
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example → EX7-49
 Find Plane-ABC in TRUE SIZE
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
25
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
EX7-49 Pln True Shape & SIZE
 Make DG Layers
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 2
 Acad.dwt
• Limits = 180, 120
 Set up Grid for Axis
• Layer Zero
• Offset
– X → 55
– Y → 40
 Make Prototype
Point P
• Circle
• Point (size = 2)
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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 Dimension Style
“12_5X” at Overall
Scale of 12.5X
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 3
 Leader for Axes
 dtext to label Axes
 Use copy@ to
Locate pts per
table
 ddedit to change
Point Labels
 Pline to Make
Triangular plan
• HalfWidth = 0.25
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
28
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 4
 Construct Plane ABC
in Frontal Space
 Line with
• Ortho, cen
 Label Points with
• Copy@
• ddedit
 Grid F-Space, Label Points, Connect Dots,
to Construct Plane ABC Front-View
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
29
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 5
 In F-Spc Draw
an Arbitrary
HORIZONTAL
line AD
• Must be
“Level” in FSpace
– Ln-AD will be
TL in H-Space
 Project Ln-AD
into HorizontalSpace
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
30
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 6
 Construct RPA1 by
“Sighting Down” the
TL line AD
• Copy, Rotate 90°
 Project into 1-Spc
Perpendicular
Projectors from pts
A, B, C
• Line w/ per
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
31
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 7
 Go “One View Back”
to find distances for
A, B, C in 1 space
• Dist or Dim
 Offset RPA1 by
these distances to
Grid 1-Space
 Next → connect
Dots in 1-space to
Form Pln ABC
 Should Show Pln-ABC as EDGE VIEW
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
32
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 8
 Construct RPA2
PARALLEL to the
Pln ABC EdgeView
 Draw  Projectors
into 2-Space
 Go “One View Back”
(H-Spc) to get Offset
Distances
 Offset RPA2 to grid
2-Space
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
33
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 9
 “Flip Up” the Plane
Edge-View by
Connecting the Dots
in 2-Space
 This Reveals the
Plane in TRUE
Shape
 Now Recall from
Prob:
• SCALE: 2:1
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
34
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 10
 Measure Plane in 2space using DimAligned
 Use area command
to calc included
Area
Specify next corner point or press ENTER for total:
Area = 641.5139, Perimeter = 116.7742
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
35
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane in True SIZE - 11
 Scale DOWN by
50% (2-DwgUnits =
1 RealUnit)
 Use area command
to calc included
Area
Specify next corner
point or press
ENTER for total:
Area = 160.3785,
Perimeter = 58.3871
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
36
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane True Size/Shape Summary
 Make two ADJACENT Aux views
 Draw ARBITRARILY positioned
PRINCIPAL line (Frontal, Horizontal,
Profile) in one view
 Project principal line into the
ADJACENT Principal (H or F or P) view
to show the Principle Line in TRUE
LENGTH
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
37
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane True Size/Shape Summary
 Draw AuxV RPA1-line Perpendicular to
the TL PrinLine
• This essentially "sights down" the TL Line
which resides IN THE PLANE
 Project into 1-space Using -Projectors
and Dims from “One View Back” to Show
• TL line in POINT VIEW
– Since TL line in the plane is in Pt-V, then the
Plane is in EDGE View
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
38
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Plane True Size/Shape Summary
 Strike RPA2 line PARALLEL to the EV
 Project into
2-Space to
"flip-Up" the
Edge-Viewed
Plane
• Reveals the plane
in TRUE SHAPE
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
39
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
All Done for Today
Auxilliary
Views
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
40
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Engr/Math/Physics 25
Appendix
f x   2 x  7 x 
9x  6
3
2
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
41
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Oblique Line Angle
 Given Oblique-Line
Angle RK and NK
• Find the Magnitude
of the angle RKN
• Construct in the
Frontal and
Horizontal Plane the
Angle BISECTOR
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
42
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Oblique Line Angle (1)
1. Strike F/H FL
2. Need TL Line in FPlane → Draw in Hspace Line rHm that is
|| to F/H FL
3. Project Into F-Space
Ln point mH
4. Draw TL FRONTAL
Line rFm
2
1
3
4
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
43
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Oblique Line Angle (2)
5. Strike F/1 FL That is 
to Frontal Line rFm
6. Extend into 1-Space 
Construction Lines
7. Transfers Dims from
H-Plane to 1-Plane to
Locate Points in 1-Spc
8. Connect Dots to
Reveal in 1-Space the
EDGE-VIEW of Plane
RKN
•
7
8
6
5
Ln rFm in POINT-View
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
44
7
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Oblique Line Angle (3)
11
9
10
12
11
9. Strike 1/2 FL That is || to EV
10. Extend into 2-Space 
Construction Lines
11. Xfer Dims: F-Spc → 2-Spc
12. Connect Dots to Show TRUE SIZE Pln r2kn
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
45
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Oblique Line Angle (4)

Working Now in the
TS Plane; Plane-2
13. Use the Digital
Protractor to Measure
TRUE angle at 49.5°
13
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
46
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Oblique Line Angle (5)

Working Again in the
TS Plane; BiSect
Angle nk2r
14. Using k2 as Vertex
Strike Arc at a
Convenient Radius
15. At intersections of Arc14 and Lines nk2 and
rk2 Strike arcs with the
SAME Radius to
Locate BiSection Pt-p
•
16
15
14
15
16
R15  R14
16. Draw Angle BiSector
Line k2p
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
47
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Oblique Line Angle (6)
18
17
17
17. Project back Across the AuxV
FL-Chain 2→1→F→H the
BiSection Point-P
17
18
18. Connect in All View Pts k&p to Expose
the BiSector Line
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
48
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt
Example – Oblique Line Angle (7)
19. Clean Up by Removing Intermediate
Lines and Points
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
49
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-14_Aux_View-2.ppt