Engineering 22
OrthroGraphic
View Dwgs-3
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
1
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Learning Goals
 Construct MultiView Orthographic
Projection Drawings for
• Straight Cuts into Curved Surfaces
• Curved Cuts into Straight/Flat Surfaces
• Curved Surfaces in 3D Space Using the
Mitre Line
 Special Holes, Fillets & Rounds
 Ortho Projection for solid-form
intersections
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
MultiView Steps Summarized
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pick Views
Block It
Grid It (Use Mitre Line)
Connect the Dots
Clean Up
Done
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinders w/ “Flats”
Known
 Many Times Shafts
or Pipe will have
Cuts Made Parallel
to the Axis
• This Produces a
“Flat” on the
Cylindrical Object
 Procedure
Known
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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• Drawn Known Lines
• Grid/Mitre & Connect
Dots
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinders w/ Slant Cuts

1
When an Inclined
Plane Cuts a
cylinder We can
Arrange the Views
to Show
1. A Circle of Cylinder
Diameter
2. A EDGE VIEW (EV)
of the cut Surface
2
3. An Ellipse
3
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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– Usually in
profile
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinders w/ Slant Cuts cont
Known
Abritrary
Grid-Pts
Known
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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 Same Procedure as
with All Other Ortho
Projections Except
the Grid Pts are
ARBITRARY on the
Known curved
Surfaces
• Pick Evenly Spaced
Pts on CIRCLE
• Grid DOWN and to
MITRE
• Connect Dots
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder Drawing Conventions
a) NARROW Prism Intersects Cylinder →
Intersection in Front view is INSIGNIFICANT
and Can be IGNORED
b) Prism is larger → Need to Construct the
Front View Intersection
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
7
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder Conventions cont
c) SMALL KeyWay Intersects Cylinder →
Intersection in Front view is INSIGNIFICANT
and Can be IGNORED
d) SMALL Hole Intersects Cylinder →
Intersection in Front view is INSIGNIFICANT
and Can be IGNORED
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
8
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Plotting Elliptical Curves

Slice Surf
1
2
Rnd
Surf
Flat Slice Taken Off a
¼-Round Cyl
•
•

•
•
In the TopV Which
Surf is Round, and Which is Flat?
•
1 Rnd or Flat?; 2 Rnd or Flat?
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Front and RS Views
Known
Pick in RS-View the
Arbitrary, But Evenly
Spaced, Grid Pts 1,2,3
Grid & Mitre Top View
Connect The Dots
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Plotting Elliptical Curves cont

Slice Surf
Rnd
Surf
1
2

•
•
Front and RS Views Known
Pick in Front-View the
Arbitrary, But Evenly
Spaced, Grid Pts 1,2,3
•
•
Grid & Mitre Top View
Connect The Dots
In the TopV Which
Surf is Round, and Which is Flat?
•
1 Rnd or Flat?; 2 Rnd or Flat?
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
10
SQ-Bar is “Scooped Out”
and “Sliced Off” at Rt-End
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Plotting Space Curves

Plot Space (a.k.a. Irregular
3D) Curves with the “Grid
& Connect” Method

In this Case
•
Top and RS Views Known
•
Pick in RS-View the
Arbitrary, But Evenly
Spaced, Grid Pts 1-6
Grid & Mitre Front View
•
•
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Connect The Dots
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Comments on “Grid & Connect”
 Draw KNOWN Views
FIRST
 Pick CURVED View for
Picking the Arbitrary
Grid Points
• Even Spacing is Nice,
but Not Necessary
– Mitre Line will
accommodate any spacing
 MORE Pts → MORE
Accuracy
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
12
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Hole
CallOuts
 Drill Bit Pt Drawn
at 60° Half-Angle
 82° Counstink
Drawn at 90°
 CallOut
ShortHand
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Find ShortHand Symbols in ACAD
 Start MText
 In Formatting Tools
Pick SYMBOL
 Activate GD&T
Character Map
 Click Other…
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Fillets and Rounds
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Fillets, Rounds, SpotFaces
Spotface
Boss
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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 Fillet → Radiused
INTERNAL Corner
 Round → Radiused
EXTERNAL Corner
 Boss → Raised,
Machined-Flat
Cylindrical surface
 SpotFace → provides a
seat or flat surface at
the entrance and
surrounding area of a
hole
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Surface InterSections
 Core Concept
The Intersection of
any Combination of
2D or 3D Geometric
Elements forms a LINE of
INTERSECTION (LoI), or
COMMON LINE
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Surface Intersections cont
 Construct the Common Line between
3D shapes Using The “GRID &
CONNECT” Technique
• Locates the PIERCING POINTS (PP)
• Connect the PP
Dots to Establish
Common Lines on
the Shape
SURFACES
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
18
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Curved vs Flat Surfaces
 In General, Curved Surface
InterSections Generate NONLinear
Common Lines
• Often in Very Irregular Shapes
 For Curved Surfaces Use a Well-Placed
GRID
• The Grid INTERSECTIONS Locate the
PIERCING POINTS
• Connect the PP Dots with a “Faired”
Curve (use AutoCAD SPLINE curve)
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
19
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cylinder (1)
 Consider The
Industrially Important
(think Pipes) Situation
Where Two Cylinders
interSect with their
CenterLines forming a
RIGHT Angle
 Find the Line of
Intersection (LoI)
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
20
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cylinder (2)
 Solution Plan
• Obtain Small-Pipe
Cross-Section in a TrueSize Circular View
• Divide the Circle into
Equally Sized Arcs; e.g.,
30° Apart
• Use the Arc-Ends as the
Locations for a Series of
Horizontal GridLines
• Locate the Pts in other
view to complete Grid
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
21
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cylinder (3)
1. In Profile Reveal the
Circular X-Sec for the
Small Pipe. Divide
the Pipe
Circumference into
Closely Spaced
Equal Parts
•
In this Case Use 30°
Segments
•
Increasing the No. of
Divisions increase the
Accuracy of the LoI
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
22
1
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cylinder (4)
2. In P-Space use the
Circumferential
Divisions to Build a
Series of Horizontal
Cutting Planes (CPs)
3. From The CP-Circle
intersections Extend
into F-Spc the Projectors to
Establish the SmallPipe Slice-Lines
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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2
3
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cylinder (5)
4. Use P-Spc → H-Spc
Depth Distance Xfer
to Locate VERTICAL
CPs that Correspond
to the Horizontal CPs
5
4
5. Draw the Vertical CPs
And Locate the
Large-Pipe
intersections (A, B, C)

Can also use Mitre-line to
locate CPs in Top View
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cylinder (5)
6. From The CP-Circle
intersections Extend
into F-Spc the Projectors to
Establish the LargePipe Slice-Lines

The Front View is
Now Fully GRIDDED
with Rectilinear Slice
Lines
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
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6
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cylinder (6)

In the Front View the
Slice-Line GridIntersections lie on
the Common Line
7. Fair the Curve thru
the Grid Intersections
to Delineate the Line
of Intersection
7
•
Use AutoCAD Spline
Command to draw a
smooth, or “Faired”
Curve
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
26
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cone (1)
 Consider the Right
Cone Intersected by a
Cylinder where the
Cone and Cylinder
Axes form a 90° Angle
• Find the Surface
Intersection
 Solution Plan
• Use Cutting Planes
From Circular End-View
to Find Piercing Points
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
27
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cone (2)
1. Construct True-Size
View for CYLINDER
X-Sec
•
The Circle in P-Space
in this Case
2. Divide the
Circumference into
Equal Parts to Locate
Horizontal Cutting
Plane Locations
•
1
2
The Circle Divisions will be used to Make CP’s in
Both the Side and FRONT Views
Bruce Mayer, PE
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
28
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cone (3)
3. Use the Circle Divisions
to Construct Horizontal
CPs in the Adjacent
P & F views

Note that
•
in The F-View the CPs
3
are CoIncident with the
Slice Lines
The F-View Horizontal
CPs result in Cone
Slice-Lines that Appear in the H-View as
CONCENTRIC Circles Centered on the Vertex
•
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
29
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cone (4)
4. In the F-View Extend
into H-Spc Projectors from the
Cone-Edge and CP
intersection to a
diameter of the cone
Base to Establish the
Radius of the Slice-line
Circles
5
4
5. Draw the Slice-Line
Concentric Circles
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
30
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cone (5)
6. Use P-Spc → H-Spc
Distance Xfer to Locate 7
the Cylinder Slice-Lines
in the H-View
Could Also Use
Mitre-Line to
Xfer Depth
Dims to TopV
6
7. Draw in H-Spc The
Cylinder Slice-Lines
•
The H-View is now Fully
“Gridded” by Slice-Lines
The intersection of the
Cone Slice-Circles and
the Cylinder Slice-Lines Locates the Piercing
Points for the H-View Common Line
•
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
31
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Cylinder vs Cone (6)
8. In H-Spc Connect the
PP-Dots to form the
Line of Intersection
•
8
Take Care to Ensure
Proper Visibility
9. From H-Spc PP’s
Extend -Projectors
into F-Spc to Locate
PPs on the Cylinder
Slice-Lines
9
10
10. Connect the F-Spc PPs to Build the LoI
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
32
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
All Done for Today
InterSections
Can Be
TOUGH
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
33
LoI
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt
Engr/Math/Physics 25
Appendix
f x   2 x  7 x 
9x  6
3
2
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu
Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics
34
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-22_Lec-10_Ortho_View-3.ppt