Engineering 10
Chp.14 Tech
Communication
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
1
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Why Engineering Communication
 Engineers must communicate
with each other
 Engineers must communicate
with nonengineers
 Engineers must communicate
technical Information
 Engineers must communicate
EFFECTIVELY
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
2
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Why Engineering Comm cont
 Surveys of Employers about the needs
or skills for employees
• Written And Oral Communication Is Always
Near Top Of The List
– c.f. §4.11 in the Text...Employees should
Demonstrate EXCELLENT Communication Skills
• COMMUNICATION is always a rating
Criteria used by College Recruiters
– The Instructor Partially Rated College Recruits
On Communication Skills
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
3
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Why Engineering Comm cont
 Your work as an engineer usually
results in a DOCUMENT or a
PRESENTATION as well as a
“BluePrint” or device or product
• If you are Senior Engineer, Expect to
Spend 20-40% of Time on Comm Issues
 Engineers prepare memos, reports,
emails, proposals, technical articles,
procedures, presentations, project
reviews, . . .
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
4
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Class Exercise → White Board

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Can you Think of Some Professions
that are Known for Communication
Skills? (e.g., Actors, Politicians)
?
?
?
?
?
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
5
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Good Communicators
 Some Good Communicators
• Actors, TV & Radio “Personalities”
• Public Office Holders
• Attorneys
• “Leaders” of ANY Kind
• “Writers” of all Kinds
• Teachers & Professors
 Should Engineers Be On this List?
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
6
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Engineers as Communicators?
 Should Engineers Be on the GoodCommunicator List?
• Answer for the Stereotype is NO
• Answer from some people in industry is NO
• Reality: YES, some of the BEST
communicators are ENGINEERS
– e.g., Mr. Brinkerhoff, Ms. Grossman, etc.
 Q: Why/How Does the Practice of
Engineering Develop Comm Skills?
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
7
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Engineers as Communicators?
 A: Engineers must present material that
is Difficult to understand & comprehend
• Makes The Job Of
Achieving Effective
Communication One
That Requires
SKILL and
EFFORT
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
8
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Communication Forms
 Documents → TECHNICAL WRITING
• Formal Reports – Design Specs,
Project Bids/Proposals, Test Reports
• Publications  Journal Articles
• Patent Applications
• Instructions and Procedures
– In Small Firms Engineers will Write the
Entire Instruction Manual
• Formal Letters
• Internal communication – Memos, eMails
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
9
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Communication Forms cont.
 Talks → TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS
• Formal PowerPoint Presentations
• Informal Group Presentations (Staff Mtgs)
• One-on-Discussions
– e.g., supervisor, report, colleague, designer,
technicians, operators, customers/clients
• Often done with Little or No Advance Notice
– Need to Develop Extemporaneous
Speaking Skills
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
10
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Engineering Comm Goals
 Clear
 Concise
• i.e., Quick
 Professional
 Reliable
• i.e., Accurate
 Ethical
 HOW to Do all This?
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
11
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Tech Comm Should Answer
 WHAT Did You Do?
 HOW Did You Do It?
 WHAT was, or Will be, The
SIGNIFICANCE of What Was Done?
 Or For a Proposal:
• What Will Be Done?
• How Will It Be Done it?
• What are the Benefits?
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
12
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Basic “Law” Of Communication
 Tell Them What You are
Going to Tell Them
• An Outline or Introduction
 Tell Them
• The Body of Report or Presentation
 Tell Them What you Told Them
• Summary and/or Conclusions
 Stop
• Leave the Audience with the Main Point
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
13
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Mistakes Erode Credibility
 Errors in Spelling, Grammar, Format,
Numerical Values, Units, etc., Suggest
• Carelessness
• Lack of Professionalism
• Sloppiness
• Questionable Reliability
 The Audience for Error-Filled
Communication Often Feels a
Lack of Respect
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
14
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Mistakes Erode Credibility cont.
 Do Not Invalidate Good Engineering
Work with Poor Communication
 Your WRITING and PRESENTATIONS
are as
MUCH A PART of
Your Engineering as
Are Calculations,
Judgment, BluePrints,
and Creativity
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
15
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
2nd Law of Communication
 2.1 Know your AUDIENCE
 2.2 Know your SUBJECT
 Carefully Consider the Audience
• Who is the Audience?
• What is their Motivation;
i.e., Why are They Here?
• How Much Do They Know Now?
• What Do They Want to Know?
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
16
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
2nd Law of Communication cont.
 Carefully Consider the Audience
• Level of Detail and Background Info
– Too MUCH Bores the Audience and Wastes
Time (Theirs AND Yours)
– Too LITTLE Loses, Confuses, Intimidates, and
Annoys the Audience
– Either Too-Much or Too-Little Degrades The
Communication Effectiveness
• Prioritize The Points
– Stick to Main Issues
 Omit What Does Not Support the Main Point
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
17
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
2nd Law of Communication cont.
 Be Prepared
• Understand Your Topic
– Do Extra Research if Needed
• Try to ANTICIPATE Questions
– Answer Them as An Integral Part of Your
Communication
• Organized-Thoughts and Organized-Work
Show Up as an Organized Document or
Presentation
• The Style/Structure Can
Enhance or Detract
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
18
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Style and Tone
 TONE is the Feeling Or Impression a
Document Conveys
 Style Refers to the Choices Writers
Make that Create The Tone Conveyed
to the Audience
 Engineers Write in PROFESSIONAL
Style
• i.e., as One Professional to Another (tone)
• Can be: Formal, Informal, SemiFormal
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
19
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Engineering Comm Graphics
 Engineering is a PHYSICAL Endeavor
• This Implies the Use of Extensive
VISUALIZATION
 Use Visuals to The Maximum
Advantage to Communicate Information
 Partial List of Engineering Visuals
• Tables
– Tabulated Data,
Results, Estimates,
Lists
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
20
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Engineering Comm Graphics cont
• Charts & Graphs
– Plots of: Data, Results, Calculations, Estimates
• Engineering Drawings
– Flow Diagrams/Charts, Electrical & Fluid
Circuits (Line Schematics), Pictorial and
Othrographic-Projection Drawings, CAD Solid
Models, etc.
• Images
– Photos & Videos (enabled
by Digital Photography),
Scans, ClipArt
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
21
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Visuals Should Have a Purpose




Save Time
Clarify an Idea or Concept
Reinforce a Concept
Increase Interest
• “Appealing” Visual
 Prove a Point
 Increase Retention
 Document or Archive Information
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
22
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Engineering Graphics Usage
 Graphics COMPLEMENT a Report or
Presentation
• The Visual SUPPORTS The Written
Description or Oral Presentation
 Graphics used for:
Reporting, Design,
Development,
Tutoring,
Demonstrating,
Documenting
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
23
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Tables
 Effective for Organizing And Presenting
Data and Lists
 Used to Display and Calculate Precise
Numerical Results
 Create In
MS Excel or
MS Word
• Can Create in
Either to Paste
into PwrPnt
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
24
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Tatsuno Fab Equipment LIST
Type
Model
Manufacturer
Oxidation Tube Fnce
LPCVD Tubes
LPCVD Tubes
APCVD
PECVD
SOG Coater
Sputter
Sputter
E-Beam Evaporator
Ion Implanter
g-Line Stepper
i-Line Stepper
Projection Aligner
2-Sided Mask Aligner
PR Track, Neg.
PR Track, Pos.
PR Track, Pos.
Vacuum UV Bake
PR Asher, Plasma
DD-9400VF
DJ800
XL-8P-373
PET-5500
PBM-GL450S
TR-6131
2400-8SA
MLX-1000
EBX-6D
200SJ
LD5010
NSR2005i8A
M240
PEM-1000AL
ACD-640
SKW636BV
V4600CD
TVC-5002
OPM-A1200
Kokusai
Kokusai
Terusarko
Pacific Western
Pacific Western
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
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Perkin-Elmer
Ulvac
Ulvac
TEL/Varian
Hitachi
Nikon
SVG
Union Optical
TEL
DNS
TEL
Tokyo Ohka
Tokyo Ohka
Notes
Al, Al-Si, Ti
Al-Si
Au
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Reporting Numbers
 Significant Figures
• Consider Accuracy, Precision, ±Error
– Engineering Data Seldom Known to Better
Than ±0.2%
• Generally Use 3 Figures, 4 OK if Data is
Extra Accurate; e.g.,
– 0.062178 Volts → 62.2 mV
• True for Tables, Charts, Text
• Sums and %’s Should Add Exactly
– Rounding Errors Suggest Missing Data
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
26
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Excel SpreadSheet Tables
 The Excel SpreadSheet IS a Table
• Cells Organized in Rows & Columns
 Cells Calculate (update) Automatically
• Formulas & References
 Numbers in Cells Can Be Easily
Formatted for Precision & Alignment
• Use Format-Number or Format-Cell
 Rows & Columns Easily Resized
 WORD is Better for Tabulating TEXT
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
27
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Drawings and Diagrams
 Tools – Word, PowerPoint, MATLAB,
Visio, AutoCad, Smart Draw, Solid-Edge,
ProE, SolidWorks, more
 Tool Selection Depends
on Purpose & Audience
 2D or 3D
 Need to Rescale, Edit, Cut, Paste, Import
 Resolution
 Level of Detail
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
WJ-1500 Chamber ElectroBaric
Analog
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
29
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
3D vs 2D
 3D Generally More Informative, but they
• Take Longer to Prepare
• Require More Memory (disk space)
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
30
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Charts and Graphs
 Carefully The Select the TYPE of Chart
• Different Charts Convey Different Info
 Make Clear and Easy to Read
• Large Fonts
• Good Contrast
– Light-on-Dark or Dark-on-Light
 Include Legend Unless Info in Title
 Label All Axes, Including Units
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
31
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Charts & Graphs cont
 Where Appropriate Annotate or Mark
points/regions of Interest with Arrows,
Ovals, or Text
 There are 14 chart types in
Microsoft Excel
• This Covers 99% of the Chart Types That
Most Engineers will need
• See Appendix for Details
• Covered in ENGR25
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
32
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Chabot Engineering
Appendix
MSExcel Charts
Bruce Mayer, PE
Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
33
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
MS Excel Charts
 Area Chart
• An area chart emphasizes the magnitude
of change over time. By displaying the sum
of the plotted values, an area chart also
shows the relationship of parts to a whole.
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
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Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
3
21.08
23.11
4
 Bar Chart
Number of Alignment Points
MS Excel Charts
Alignment Effectiveness vs. No. of Calibration Points
• A bar chart
illustrates
comparisons
among individual
items. Categories are organized vertically,
values horizontally, to focus on comparing
values and to place less emphasis on time.
Stacked bar charts show the relationship of
individual items to the whole.
6
5
25.00
0
5
10
15
20
Aligned vs. Unaligned Effectiveness
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
35
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
25
27.05
30
file = Align_CoOrd_Test_020320.xls
MS Excel Charts
 Column Chart
• A column chart shows data changes over a
period of time or illustrates comparisons
among items. Categories are organized
horizontally, values
vertically, to emphasize
variation over time.
Stacked column charts
show the relationship
of individual items to
the whole.
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
36
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
MS Excel Charts
 Line Chart
• A line chart shows trends in data at equal
intervals. Although line charts are similar to
area charts, line charts
emphasize time flow
and the rate of
change, rather than
the amount of change
or the magnitude
of values.
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
37
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
MS Excel Charts
 Pie Chart
• A pie chart shows the proportional size of
items that make up a data series to the
sum of the items. It always shows only one
data series and is
useful when you
want to emphasize
a significant element
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
38
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
TEOS Liquid Source Vapor Bubble Saturation v. Liquid Height
MS Excel Charts
100%
150
99% Saturation after 67 ms, or 0.46"
120
60%
90
Linear portion of r curve indicates
terminal velocity of ~0.23 m/s
• An xy (scatter) chart
either shows the
relationships among
the numeric values
in several data series or plots two groups
of numbers as one series of xy
coordinates. It shows uneven intervals, or
clusters, of data and is commonly used for
scientific data.
40%
60
20%
30
• Bubble Diameter = 1.999 mm
2
• Dv for TEOS in N2 = 0.0727 cm /s
Integrated Saturation (%)
• Kinematic viscosity,, = 0.00511 cm2/s
Rise Time (ms)
0%
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Liquid Level Inside Bubbler, y (inch)
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
39
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
0.8
Bubble Rise Time, r (ms)
 XY (Scatter) Chart
Integrated Bubble Saturation, S
v
80%
0
1.0
file = Sv(t)_01.xls
MS Excel Charts
 Doughnut Chart
• Like a pie chart, a doughnut chart shows
the relationship of parts to a whole, but it
can contain more than one data series.
Each ring of the
doughnut chart
represents a
data series
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
40
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
MS Excel Charts
 Radar Chart
• In a radar chart, each category has its own
value axis radiating from the center point.
Lines connect all the values in the same
series. A radar chart compares the
aggregate values of a number of data series.
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
41
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
MS Excel Charts
 Surface Chart
• A surface chart is useful when you want to
find optimum combinations between two
sets of data. As in
a topographic map,
colors and patterns
indicate areas that
are in the same
range of values.
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
42
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
MS Excel Charts
 Bubble Chart
• A bubble chart is a type of xy (scatter)
chart. The size of the data marker indicates
the value of a third variable.
4-Pt Aligned Error Mag vs. Position • KLARFF Wafer CZHA
12
8
Yindex
4
0
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
-4
NOTES
• OTA-2100
• 200mm IBM Wafer CZHA.001
• Test Date = 20Mar02
• Aligned Avg Error Vector = 8.52 µm
-8
-12
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
43
Xindex
Bruce Mayer, PE
file = Align_CoOrd_Test_020320.xls
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
MS Excel Charts
 Stock Chart
• The stock chart is often used to illustrate
stock prices. This chart can also be used
for scientific data,
for example, to
indicate temperature
changes
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
44
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
MS Excel Charts
 Cone, Cylinder, and Pyramid Chart
• The cone, cylinder, and pyramid data
markers can lend
a dramatic effect
to 3-D column
and bar charts.
80
70
Hofstede Score
60
50
Asia
U.S.
40
30
20
10
0
Sociable
Engineering-10: Intro to Engineering
45
Respecting Dif. Building Skills
Cultures
Fairness
Influential
Bruce Mayer, PE
BMayer@ChabotCollege.edu • ENGR-10_Lec-10_Tech_Communication.ppt
Considerate