DPR
8?RU
TO ECOKE ES?
by
WARREN EUGENE CRAB?RZN
A ?EI$
submitted tQ the
OREGON 3TAT
COLLEGE
in p&Pt1e3 tuitii*øt Of
the r .u&t'ienta fop
degree of
W3TER OP SCIENCE
Jun. 294i
OVE
Redacted for Privacy
1*paz'tment of £grloulttu'al Edieat ion
Redacted for Privacy
Redacted for Privacy
Tb. &utho2' to iadsi' o igatLc to
ps°14. tar th*1x 000per*ttoi aM asslstazio
psz'ttcu2a?17 iMebt.d to Mr. II. H. Gibsc, Maj
'. B. B. Lttt.i and Protossor H. D.
Soudder. To ssvorsl paduat. agricultural studants
Pz'ofoasor,
ot the Stivazton, Ox'agon Hii School, the author to
d.ply indebted for I*lpful ass istane in gathsrtz
RflXVS7
dota, and to Miss Glady. Onoys and Ber'ihnd1ns
Duisa for tb. stsnopsphta work 02 this dissertation
TABLE OF CONTEWJ8
Chap tar
I
The Prob1n And Its Scope.
Stateznent of The Probl
De]i,nitatton . . .
HiatorLcsi Re,1sw.
method 0*' Teobniqu.
Th. Questiolmairs. . *
kixe.
Purpae* . .
I
Makeup.
I
I
a.
p
How The Questionnaire was Used
p
p
A State"
a
p
Interpr*tation of Data
Case Studios .
p
p
36
p
Case Ni*nber
Case )habe, 2
Case Nt*Rbep 3
Caie Ite*' 4
Cas It*ber 6
Cas
bei' 8 .
and Conclusions
p
Conc1uton*.
VIII
80
p
I
Rcendat ions
Bthl ioi.apr
Appendix
Ba
1
TBL
AND GRAPES
Table
Farm Production end
UI
Original
Revised - Bodtic.r Farm
Product tan and Inc
original and Revised Case. No. 2
Occupational Record of Out-otSehool Farmers
Between the Ages of 14 and 30 Tears
(87 Caea) ,
* ,
Graph
Peroent&ge of Boys Engaged in Parmizg
enty Porur Id1io Schools.
cupational Distribution of FarmReared To
Men in Certain lichigan Schools.
The Value of
S
choo3. Agriculture
Vermont Boys . .
Farming Status Attained By FarmResred lorung
Man -- In Certain Michigan fligh Schools.
Cernity Served By the Silverton, Oregon
nithiughss Agriculture Department.
Original Plan Fo3mer Bodtker Farm *
Revised Plan Number 1
Pobner Bodticer Farm
Revised Plan 3hmibor 2
Fo3mer Bodtker Pa
Original and Revised Farmetsad
Poliier Bodtkor Faz*
00
ot
TA :
L10 :'.O
IX ?
CEAPT1R
TIE PROST
AND ITS SCOPE
t)
For the past eighteen years the Investigator Me had a
growing interest in studying the problais facing yowg
as they seek education and guidance toward entering the vooa
tion of tadng. The iiriter has tiled to evaluate known
factors oontr1bntizg to the success or faUur. of thos
by a study of published dissertations en the
mib3ect and by personal visits and conferences with thea
their parents.
The need for investigation arose through the very
apparent unrest and uncertainty among young men of the can-
munity growing out of dStfioulties encountered In securing
farms or farm lands upon which they could make a sstis
factory living. It was obaer*d also that eoont*Ic camptition is keen among those engaged in farming and that
large nunbars of young man s.re seeking hone. In a rural
anvtroanent Moreover, recen surveys indicate that no
mor. than 50 per cent of farmrearsd youth will be able
to secure çrottteble .enplonent in farming occupationi.
The increased use of naohinery, the passing of fit
lands and the increasing anounts of capital needed to
operate a tarei business are othai' factors ooutrthuttng to
the seriousness at the situation.
It *as the*t that the principles and procedures rda
Uve to guidance and Sastituctton could beat be discovered
through a detailed analysis and study of * few Individual
type cases. Zn this iay a basis a'ight be laid for a
prehinsito preps of vocational guidance and instruction
dives ted specifically toird the satablielztont of cung
men in tariing occupations.
Thr is now national recognition of this problam. A
forthcoming bulletin of the United States Ottici of
tion on Objectives of Vocational Agriculture has as its
first objectiv, the assisting of young men to bects
established In faxmlng.
The pr.blen has as its major as
0
tien
the following:
I. Th opportuniti open to th
t*xIng as * a
L Availability of land.
oncnics of produetion
4. Where and how to secure needed finances.
Where to secure guidance and eneouragen
Types ot training programs available.
eating
This disswt.t.on Is oanflned pil*at1y to
atudia* of 1ndivit*s3. yotmg tsxaia selected frcm
ings con to
emits. Refarenos* are given to
tables showing oo.upatici**l trends and dtstributia
the pert of agriculturally trained hii school.
mg
three other seetions of the sountr.
even though this thesis is limited prbisil
few case studies, it is believed the results aho bi
this method suggest poaslbiiti for
ine.ti
gation.
PTBRXX
IX30RICAL RV
Periodicals at the present day are tilled with
discussions rvi.wing present and past investigations
relating to the taz youth and his problems in his movement toward occupational stability on the farm. This
dissertation makes special use of charts taken tram
studies made among young men tram Michigan Pats
Graphs II and IV, pages 95 and. 95), valus
of vocational agriculture training to Vermont boys
(Appendix
Graph III, page 94), and a survey in Idaho
determining percentages of boys engaged in faiing
(Appendix
Graph I, page 92).
A survey of 850 students at Cornell University,
shows that twice as many farmers' eons are likely to
(Appendix
folio, their fathers' occupation as those representing
any other trade or profession. This survey goes back
three generations and shows that th. oldest son I.e
most likely to take up his father's work shather it be
farming or other occupation.
iuz'ther references are included in the bibl1ograp1y.
CHAPTER UI
MOD OR TECHNIQUE
The following .t
in cone
z'obla
Dstainig objectives of the .stud3r.
Outlining factors to be encountered.
3 Making an outline covering the scope, sins ai
objectives of th study, showing relatioush
the agricultural ouuumity aM vital
.ducattonal prob1ua deserving attention.
a map of the ccansninity served by the
nith'Thighea vocational agriculture dasrtment
(page 7, Map
Securing nnoa aM location of graduates at the
agricmlttra1 departnont for the past twclve years.
Dy moans of a suz've securing the ntes aM
location of all psrttins boys or boys out of
school residing in the c*11unity served by
local school district.
Preparing a qase Uonnaire for use in
stich data as desired for each trpe of b
aia distinct *i'dng situation.
S. Raking personal visits to bas of the boys and
parents, making observations and gathering data
for 01a151t3tng boys into groups, and fron
groups selecting a representative case for
detailed *nalysi and sttdy.
wiz up * restate of each boy' a bs faze
working 000ditiox2a In respect to the aims of the
thesis, dividing the findings into respective
groups end frc these selecting representative
type cases for analysis and conclusions.
10. Analysing the favorable and tmfavorable f.
found.
ii. Staataulising the data and drawing up suggestions
and conclusions gathered frcat the repr.sentettvs
ease studies re
prcbl.mg in vooational
gtzidance and inatructioi.
12. Raking reccsimendation for further study and
suggestive procedures toward helping young men
stab use thens.lves in a farming occupation.
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BYTLFSILJToi,oRE.,3N
ARICULTURE DPARTME1T
2
HAPTERZV
QtESTIOU&XRB
Aims
I
Purpose
In
The studise and Investigations of this die sertation
are confined to the agricultural high sehool ali and
other boys out of school in the tarrttory of Msion
County, Oregon as sez"ued by the Silverton Smith-ghes
agricultural d*partaent.
Students covered by the su2Y03 are agrioultursi
graduates for twelve years back, from 1928 to 1938, aM
those boys aged 14 to 30 ftlUng Into a prospective part
time school group for departmental class work io az's
now residing in the ccnuntty.
,3ectivs foremost in the
as follows:
1. To determine by shat m.sni the agricultural
gith*te was able to get into a farming oceupatton ca
1
ie level.
To determine the obstacles In the y of the
uats' a entrance into a farming occupation.
3. To determine the status of those gzaduates e
did not get into a farming occupation; to
2
pxessnt occupatic aM their opoeed .due*tiena] or
p3.ortent plans for the future.
To detszadn* whether
torn of guidanc, pogr
could be set up which would help those boys not in a ft
ing oscupation to get into se such torn or plount,
or to help th in the pursuit of some other Ooat ion
which they fee]. they must turn or for which they are mc
adequat sly pr.par.d.
S. To develop in each type ease study a word-picture
of the snvirooment of the boy, showing his baokgrowrd aM
that of his parents, his natural resourcsc end poseibili
ties as to future agricultural develom.nt.
C,Jeotiwes foremost in the survey of
tarn boys out of school are as follows:
To detern ne the uttbr of tarn boys belonging
this group in the canudty who are in icwie type of f
ing occupation, whether for thomselves, in p*ztaterships as
renters or ma firn laborers.
2 To determine whether this groop of boys tea
desire or need for an agricultural training pro
To deternins if possible why this group of boys
did not enter high school or pursue a tarn occupational
training, such s that offered b their local agrieu3.
d.parent.
10
To detezine ithethor thore is a need Or doe
for an occupational guidance pro
for this group Of
4
bcs and young men.
5. To develop In each r*prosentative case study a
wordpiotur. of the env
ent of sash boy, shovIng his
background and that of his parents, the cause and effect
of his dropping out of sohool, his and his parents'
natural rosones, parental. interests and the bo' I
possibilities for future agricultural dovslopatent
7tpg 9Dpo7tutjtiu $o7a
Bon
Age 14 t.. 5
Ths Bo7' s Personal 1*
U The c'
8chooltzg.
UI 8tatus of Th Psrut and The Puent's Paxm
IV
Present Status of Bc.
V VIti**ts A1sa
WARREN L C
in cooperation
t of riottitural Education
Orgon Aicu1turtt1 CoUee
I
of b(
B-Na*e
Marrle4.
Number of chilenrj
Othez
L
dependent
Present livixg status:
I. Living iith parents and
eapaeity
2. Wot4dng as a faxa laborer
5. stabUshed mith his n boasehold
1%5
rne ether fa_____________________
4. Living in torn but hoping to go Into
TX 1BO' S 8CHQOLIG
Gzi*de ep1e ted
5.
ay eshooltrzg
*e terminated
aunt of
icultura tr'a
Agriculture in the S
2. Boys' eM Girls' club work
ithHagh.s egrioultur, In h14 schoo
5.
Jbep of ysari
Subjects eovere4
in prcjecte in Club or
tthHug
Psrt'tlai or Night classes
Subject matter cov.red
c
Short Courses
-
grteultur
4
and tb* emount, other than agricul
.ducationai exp.rienoei
1.iy Record:
Psentm living
Mothez.
Thabber of brothers,
Ag
Thanbor of sieters
B
Occupation of parent: ?araar
Oez'
, renter
laborer
Natber of eare
it ba*
Si of present
4. How fazi was aecure&
or other teza of msnagient
roducpn a
Xuter'
p?ts.s
Avrags Av.rag* Arag* Pod
Aar'.s
or
tli
Yield
Per
Unit
Total
Yield
or
5o34
Novmsl
Price
Pastur
and
orop
land
Total and
net
I)
Other Factores
I a Betinat.d ount of inveatanent In
EitItate4 tnves1rnent in liestock end
poultry
Estizated investhent in *aohiner7
Estlatated inveent in building
Eetlzated tnvest*nt In land.
Nonnai
I,
Est1ated Investment a miscsllaneou*
To
2. Retaticb practice.
Use m*d of fertiliasre (and/ai,) *anurss.
4. Ia net incc
(in table !mdw C) sufficient to
meet the neoda of the femt1 now occuplin the
term?
Does the tarmer eons ider his present farm
activitie, successful?
an the eisa of the business and macma b
Increased to give suttLoiant gross incrie
better liveetoak, revising crop and livest.k
terprises, etc.
It
mt extent?
7. Can the size of business he Increased througi
better production methods
It so. how
S
ZV4
FQ
QTh IX A
(With Pather, 3retbors, etc.
Nature of the pertnership
The boy' $ capital 1nvestent:
Zn l*fldL.
-,
In crops
In 1t. stock and
Zn machinery
buildings
e. Mtaeel1ansona
Total
$
other outlay contributed by
boy toward the welfare of the bus incus,
Nature Of ai
Div talon of faxii inecss:
1.
of gzou insowie
Share of net
ived by
received by boy
4. Share or proportionate aiount of livestock or
crops, owned personally or in combination with
other
is cinounte and eondittons
Boy's estiwated annual gross inoc*io trc*i all
1div14ual owned entexpri.,*
Itb
It any dependents, the proportions e amount of
support contributed by the boy
r
i beyoM parent, tO One or
more brother., ete, what are the share agree
11 oonoerned?
D
Boy's contribution, it ar, toward household and
snoral expenses
Boy's financial responsibility toward the oonplete
farming enterprisøs
Th. boy's future possibilities on the bone tarmt
I 1)oee th fann contain acreage and anhils
sufficient to maintain adequately all now
living thereon?
out fozi
80$
farm sufficiently large to be subdividd
for the benefit of the boy to sot np a eel!
tatnixig farmiii
Zt *0, would the
ait?
divi
the properti
with the be?
Conditions under whiith the boy could operatø
unit with the peront on
If other brothers are concerned, can the farm
be made to aoco4ate .31?
Con&tt ion* u*der
iich this could be don
Would parents be willing to sell the farm to
the son?
Would pwonts be wUling to lease the term to
theson?
Will the boy probably inherit a share of the
farm?_____ If so, at onowit?
Could the f&m be subdivided to advantage?___
the tillable .er.ages in each division
Poteibility of boy acqutrin8 addittona
by rentals nearby,
X*a this contition extat at 'eaen
0 the extent of rent
tabl.
so
8. Is prsaont partnership to the advantage
dtssdvantsj of all ooneernedt
V. Is boy satisfied with present situation
It no, give reason
10. Lbi'ting fsotois in way of
boy's advantage
0
S AN OW1.
:
M&i&G3 OR PAJT1
TR&! oj
AflM
How was f*i, s.oux.d
L Length of tim. owned?
*be of ac'esjn4 vslue?
or ims*
t
t. Length of lowee
T.rns of oentrac
Number of en
m.fl&ger*
Length of eorv toe
.2. 8a1azy or other fore of renteretio
3. Number
A
- R4ate4 *x 7rodotjci.
ots31 M net
et nsae5O pezi cent ot
o11
Other Factors:
1. Estlzated iowit of investment in land
Eatinsted
and poultry
Est1at.d
of investment in livestock
ount of investment in mahin
Batlted amount of investment In buildings
Estitsd amount of investment
stImatød amoun
Natur of any ether out]ay contributed by th
07 toward the waif*z'e Of the business
Rotation practices
Jse made of
and fertilizers
Estite4 individual average grosa inc
Estiia
6. 1* net lnocun* eonzldep.d
barl * present neda?
sutfisint to meet
'7. Does the boi eonaider bi.. pa'esent tai
operations sueceastlt
I
Ramarke 0*' COnsluaiois, not ccv
toa'eo
bthe
5
'!:
28
j
1. Size of tai*
workd
Ntnber of ontha
zperiertoe ac farzt laborer
Aac*int Of t1. pex ar,
fu.Ut
Average amnual groes 1nca
ive&
IL
on effort made to rent a fszva?
Wag an effort made to buy a
It (6) or (7) as given up, what usa the cause
-
ioh do you oonatdar yo
biggest )a,dioap, Leek
of capital or leek of an agricultural training
enz'ks or oono Iua ions not covered by the tore
IV*4
Pactors for 4cn$ 24z'atjori *nd ovaluation:
P'snt occupatic
,
I
-
-
-
.&unual aei'age groaa 1nocue sines aoav
3. Xlnd Of jobs bald ainco leaving
Ocoupati
S. What
effort was wads to enter an agricultura
) Rrperience ainsd a.e
-
eontsniplate the B,cw'ing of
returning to n agricultural occupation in t
Do TOU
If so, iiat
stances o you feel wou3d
enable you to do so?
Tihich is the biggest handicap, lack of fineness
lack of an adequate agricultural training?
Remarks or conclusions not covered by the
forego
LTIMLTE JL Q
A
QP
B
(To be secured trcm
boy in his present sitna
A - Has the boy set up clearly in his zaind a goal be
proposes to achieve?
U so, i&t is
tl,is goe.l1.
It not now an o*er, dOes the boy conteplats
om5.ng a f
When does he fool he
low much eapital does he fee]. he would have to have
to start operations?
If he anticipates ownership
propose to finsnc* It?
or
o
are, how doss he
to enter an agricultural occupation i
In
t financial handicaps has the
HOW TEE (UESTIOWNAIRE WAS USED
A 8Ti.T
Attz' tbs quatto?maiP s prspar.d and a
a4 ot 8'? bors of the Silverton, Oregon district, the
group was divided into six of the most logical divisions
for analysis Prom each one of these em1ler groupia
One type case was chosen for final analysis and stud$
from i1ch to draw tab conclusion
OH&R V
Resultant groupings of eases through the use of the
regoing surveys of 8? individuals bcame the nuelet for
drawing out representative type cases for anal7sis.
findings shoe same most interesting situations concerning
the young man, its parental relationships, the degree
which be has benefited tram a trei'zig pregxsm and
attitude toward a farming csz'
From a study of the group rpresented by case one,
it seams at once apparent that the young man * has the
full backing and interest of his parent and who
the bensfiti of effort enjoys the conditions moat eon-
ducive to success. flzia situation appears to be the most
direct and aatisfactoy route to an independent career
faluaing and is possibly one factor in explaining the Zaige
percentage of farna'esrod boys who are farming in same
oapacitr Parental help and interest is heroin significant. Graphs I, II, XU and IV, pages 9248 Appe
help to show these facts
Th. second group inoludo those who lack paren
backing, who live on farms too amsU for subdivision
which bring in low incomes, and who have a desire to
establish fwiltee of their
ez$ty,
Group tbree, thongh not niasrous in the
includes those fimiltea whieb farm as an Laderetanding,
cooporat iv. group. Thy have efl capital, are for the
most part 1etted in cduaation thcug}i they enjc a mssure
of success and satisfaction from their efforts.
In group niber tour are found those who have goi
through school without * ol.az' progz'a
but after a tti*
of drifting about have acme to a realization that they
must make a living for thtselvea. This lade to a
realization of insufficient training and guidance. Boos
of their ambition the boys slowly acquire a measure
success and stability.
ber five sonatitutse those who are tsz
r.aied but 3.aok sconomic stability, educational tounda
tion, guidance from any source or parental sneouagemon
3ecauae they lacked suffic Lint interest to take agrioul
tral work offered In the hj school, they have no self
owned enterisei but are cassp.11ed to work and contribute
living xpensea. With littl tias tar recreation
and no hops of Independence in t
they seek s
other occupation.
Into group nib.r six tall those young
who bavO
the adv
a of a college training, farm on a partnership
bssi*, and eventually auae the ownsrmanagsr status
ough itherttanoo. Theae young men adapt themselves to
th1.r en, iz'mment, profit thro'ugh somd plannizig and
z'orgari1titm, and tth confiiee look tor.z'd to oner
ehip ot the f.
CHAPTER VI
CASE STUDIES
THE YOUNG NAN SUCCESSULLT FAREThG THROUGH USE OP
THE PARENTS PROPERTY ON A SHARE 13A818 - EVENfTJALZX
HOPING TO SECURE THIS OR OTHER PROPERTY FOR HIS Ofl.
this young man will be designated as Riley Woods.
Riley proved to be one of the most fortunate young men
of his ozmiztity. He had the interest and baoking of his
parents, even though he was an adopted boy. The parentS had
always kept in mind the vi*ion of giving the son a good
education, including college training if he should
choose, and the desir for Riley ultimately to settle d
and take over entire control of the farm so that
t retire and move into town.
Thi'ough careful planning the parents had early mad
Riley a partner in their buelness, giving him a share of
aiiinils end crops and a small amount of sales profits
therofrcm This method early assured the parents of a
growing love for rural 1it* on the part of Ril.y. Es
n.Joyed sharing farming experiences with them and at the
sene time dvolopod good voi habits and a enss at
responsibility.
But Riley's time was not canpl.tely absorbed by the
parents nor by the âaily
of work which many of the
other boys 'of the Onit7 fotmd fell to their lot.
Riley's parenta were careful to see that their son had
tins to enter into the social and recreational life of
the c*immity. Thus Riley beeam a leading spirit of the
younger people of the o"nity a$ well as Sn inspfr&tiou
to the older psoplo.
As to educational acbievinent, with such parental
backing arid encouragement trcmt bone, Riley acmplet*d his
high school career with honors and aehisvwaenti. In the
field of agriculture he made outstanding progress. The
parents made him a definite cooperating parther
faming businee a end gave him managerial duties at the
age of 19 years. Riley had foi' smte three years prevtoua]7
assuced aiaost eosplete responsibility for the keeping and
analysing of .1]. tam enterprise record. and working out
cost of production eerisa w1iich he and his father would
talk over in the evenings. These conferences led to oars
fully laid plans for maintaining *.i3. fertility, planned
land use through rotations and sueh other practices as
to materially increase the farm inoc*ie and to allow for
numerous farm eonventanes.
At the age of 27 years Riley was bested on the hce
farm, was married, and had one ehild. The jarenta bad
moved to tout.
Through the preceding years of p*rthershLp on $
50-50 basis, Rily had accumulated profits enough to
assure stability. This prompted Riley to beg his parents
to ecU hiat the farm on a basis of pament which all
agreed was sound. Riley us again tortwiate in having
100% cooperatIon of liii parents l.a this venture. Th
was undoubtedly prompted by a confidence in him developed
during several successful years of managoment iars2n
parents had paod the fsrii and .quiiment against the
son7 a time, effort, and ability with an equal sharing
profits. Riley especially paid tribute to the blpful
suggestions and guidance of his agricultural teacher and
the benefits derived from attending sessions of a perttime class for out-of-school groups after his graduation
from high school.
At the age of 21 when the home farm of 83 acres was
taken over, it was found that the young farmer had assuald
indbtedneaa of $ie,000.Oo for the land. Other figure
showed an inveatmant of $3,000.00 in crops, 56L0O in
livestock and poultry, 1,83.00 in msohinry, 3 50.00
in the house and buildings and $1,Q00.O0 in mteeellanous
Pram farm production and income records
Riley' a figures showed an average norn*l net income of
improvements.
$1,
'75
year.
ANAL!SI3 OF CASE NU*BEIt
FAVORABLE CONDITIONS SHOWN:
The boy received the full backing and Interest
of his parents.
2. The boy had the opportunity to go to co
he desired.
5. Parents wished the boy to take over the hs
The boy
s aisde a
the
business.
The boy entered into the social and recreational
3ie of the eimtty.
UPAVORABLE OODXTION8 SHOWN:
The boy asasted a heavy indebtedness at a
es.rly age.
Be lacked a thorou training in dveloping a
farm nanagenont, plarntng, and reorg*nizattcs
progrea.
?UITHODB BY WHICH THIS BC! CAN BE FUflTB
ASSISTED 1*
BECONING EABLX SHED IN FARMING:
ThrougI an analysis of the financial pro5r
determining
a rang ant best suited t the boj.
By helping the boy to se up a budot to determine
cap itsi outlay and opera ing expenses rtecass*ry.
By heZ$ng hin to determine the annual net
profit tr the taeing operat tons ioh soul
ncxally be applied toward paying off the
rincipal.
By helping b1i determine the amount and so
of additional capita). and the poaeible
obtainin it.
By helping him to appraise the farm to diterthe the kind and .ount of loan available
tbrou the Farm Credit Administration or otbe
sources, together with interest rates making
payments on interest and principal.
XI. By helping the boy to orgsntse the aanaeri
program beet suited to the farm and his on welfare
1. istexmtniug to Vhat extent the farm as at
present operated and managed would be able to
py for itself out of present earnings.
By appraisal of the farm as to goes and
net incms.
By estimating the amount oi money lift
sftez' deducting operating ozpeiees and l*bo
that could be applied toward the
pric, of the farm.
21 Determining *ther the farm szght not be more
effectively managed so as to make possible the
P*ment price of the fx' out of inozeaa.d
earn2ngz over a
Xe period of
.*ri.
Through a thorough and 1mproed longtime
program ot crop rotations (Au example of
bow to make this tpe of anslysta is abo
in Table tI, page 84 and Table I, pegs
Through the investigation as to adding seed
or other newtpe crops to the ioU tp.s of
the farm.
C,at. kber:2
TEE FARE TOO SMALL FOR SV-DIVISXON.
TJIE SON
WORZS FOR HIS iCp PLUS SPENDING MONET
WAS TO GET
MARRIED 3UT HIS PLANS DO NO FIT INTO
PARB'8 SCP1'..
Low John, in eon with * goodly niiber at rung
of his cammunity, lived with his parents on a
aces tract thich adequately supported the parents and
two children but offered no opportunity for the boy or
for expansion of the present business. The son had been
able to rent a 1 1w acre. away from home though the land
be was able to secure was not very desirable
Low'. fanily was one of the finest in the O41uity,
though the father and mother could not realize or appre
ciate the tact that the son was a'most grout end had for
some tne nurtured a desire to have itore than an aninsi
or two as his very oiat and to acquire acreage which be
could lease or o and bcome the manager thereof. Par
tic years Low had wantd to marry a certain yowig lady
of th o4*aumity. But Low's parents failed to appreciate
the viewpoint of the yonng people and could not see why
ths ix eon should not desire to go on as formerly, secure
in a good home and content to work ahead on the home term
with the benefits of bed, bsl.d, clothing and a smflU
iouut of spending money.
The parents could not think of the eon bringing
wife to live in their own household. Nor was the term at
auftioiertt siss to warrant a division of property or the
stablis1w.nt of a separate houa.aiold thereon, even it
th parents would consent to such a program for the son
benefit * Figures showed that the net farm income, with
each of the taiily of four contributing his abaz'e of work,
ounted to $it.00 per year with the best of tariithg
practices end managenant. This was a weU diversified
term, producing oat and vetoh crops, corn, stra*errie
potatoes, swest corn, dairy products, poultry, and swine.
The eon who had had four years of high school agriculture
and had kept careful figures on hams term production and
possibilities had sari; conoludod that the bane farm was
a one-man unit and thought that his teture possib ii it
were axtrenly discouraging.
Th. survey showed that Low hd more or i.e. accepted
conditions as he towtd tham, touowing the lines of his
outs' wishes. Low f.lt seriously the handieap he
up against as to establishing a home, but be cherished
a hope that in some way things would work out in the end.
This roung man hoped that the parents would sooner
or later decide to is]] or to lease the term to bbs.
Yfowover, etnes the parents wore quite young and were not
finanaisily able to retire, be sa. no prospects for
taking ovez' of the ti in tho nec future.
Es felt his greatest hzxngftoap to be the lack of
money. Without finnncial experience, this yo'i.mg nan
hesitated to bo'ro
iC7 with vhith to purchase lant
and had cone to the conclusion that he Ih.oiald have a
least j3,OOO.00 capital to start operations of his awn
Thus Low saw no e1uulr prospect of reaching the goa3. of
his own fara and i.ndopendenc.
45
AWLLISIS OP CASE NUMBER
PAVO1*ALE CONDITION3 SBOWN*
A dtvoraified f*ri.
2. Good working quiment including a fsrr sho
5. A good hcst for the boy alone if he did not
wish to get married.
Crops and anisials quite well adapted to the land.
A certain ount of spending money for the boy.
Harmonious working conditions.
'7. A decided liking for farm lif* developed
the boy.
tflIWAVQRABLE CO NDtTX ONS 3UOWI z
The farm of 56 acres and a net incoms of
918 is too aall to support adequately * famil
of four under present ofroumatsnoes.
2 Parents were unampathe tic towards the son' a
wishes to get married since he would have to
5
bring his wits to live with thaui.
The father was unwilling to share dther the
land or the returns from the boy's efforts iith
bin, the boy' a only independint income being
from a cow whiob he owned.
4. There was no place for the boy to set up a
bold of his own on this farm.
bouse
46
5
The bor tho')tt the px'eie'tt fsrm offered little
noe of preater rotm'n throw,h replendn.
6
The
nount of 1*nd ava&1tble for rental oloss
by hd been llMted to three aeres.
The boy had no working eapital available,
The bo
felt
.
considerable teree of dise
mont.
VØ!ICR T!I$ ?OY CAN !B Ju!1i1R ASI8TED I
3ECOMING EA8LISK1!) IN FARXINS
Determine the degree to which the boy eon became
established on the herie farm of thirty"six acresi
1. 8urvey and analz* the present farm business to
determine whether present farm meows is now
sufficient to *taintaln a decent standard f
livin.g for the father, the boy and the rest of
the tsmUy.
This type of faxm
ant analysis, start
ing with the aetual setup as found on the farm,
with but $915 net farm income, is ehcnm in
Table IX, page 84. It any amotmt is allowed
for capital 1nvestaent, this amount would be
cut down, 3.eaving but $00 to $700 for family
labor plus returns trz subsistence living
frcwm the farm.
4,
The ooncluaion is evident that the chances
this boy to establish bb2slt under the parent
t7p of fariting on the hone tarn are not bright,
Advise the parents of
ys in ithic.h they could
help the boy to establish Itealt on the bone
tarn or to rent additional isa! close by
Doternine uheth.r a different coubinatton and
seleetion of enterprises iould reasonably increase
the tarn inoobte.
a ovised tarn managonent plan, showing
possibilities of increasing the net inccm fras
1$ to $2430.60 due to the inclusion and ezpsn-
sian of intensive cash enterprises is shorn in
$4
Table U,
the revised aStup, stra
berries be
particularly adapted to that soil,
th. beds were increased from two to six acres.
Five acres of barley might be added fox hog feed
The fd1y orchard Could easily be decreased by
half. The dairy enterprise s l.tt the sen.
size in scope but through better selection of
male higher gains in production would be
possible.
Through the conversion at a large hog
not needed as such, into a poultry unit, 600
heed of laying hens oould a3mogt as easily be
maintained as 100 were formerly handled, making
this enterprise give the great.st increase in
(*io returns. This would also serve to *ak
for greater efficiency in the matter of labor it
two man's labor was brought into pis en the
fs. The swine unit would permit the sal
possIbility of twelve head per year on a fat bog
basis, using pens and small houses already
available.
This program should make profitable smployetent
for the boy, at least on a
ttim. basis with
the parent. The division of managanent r..pOnai*
biUtiss serves as a good tra4itng for the boy
tomard a place of his own and would permit the
boy to get Intone iv* training in either poultry
or small fruits, both of which are important in
the s*munity end Oregon. Also the boy would
have the opportunity to collect stock that could
be sold or transferred to a new location in
farming.
Determin the amount and sourcs of additional
capital and ways of obtaining it. Such a program
in which the boy and the father could operate the
farm jointly would call for additional capital tiD
tinanc* the expanded farm businesa. This in
49
would call for a listing of the souroos of credit
and the Interest rates and terms called for by
banks, the farm credit aninietration, and other
private and cercial coneerns lettclthg money.
Detemtne fair financial rrangonents rhich
could be worked out between the father and
boy it additions]. tinsnaes were needed for
zpsns ion:
a. By the develojs.nt of a bucLget to establish
a fair and businesslike division of expensea
and receipts on a shre or partherihip bade.
b By taking up dsta.t].ed studios on contracts
and leases to determine the one bsst fitting
the needs of the father and son.
Determine whether the boy could work out on other
farms as a hired man in order to secure his share
of additions], capital needed, and secure supple
mentary farm experience.
Locate farms 'shore reliable hired services are
needed through contacting the farm advisory
council, county agents, bankers and land use
ocamitteos and through making a farm
ermine the possibilities of establishing the boy
on the hone farm and also acquiring additional land
a)ire'crop basis In combination with the hone farm.
By ascertaining to what extent rentable land
ight increase the total gross and net inccme and
thus be a worthwhil, contributing factor tøuard
seomomie stability.
2. By boating farms for rent or lease and at present
available or htoh might later becon* available
upon retirement of the oimer.
insurance companies, bankers,
county agents, farmers end tazm surveys.
Maka a detailed study of rental contracts
adaptable to a setup Which might be
to meet the
of the young fazmi'
qustien,
By determining to What extent and widr What terms
boy could use the tether's machinery to
quately farming additional land, and finding
out What additional machinery might have to be
purchased *
4. 8; working out a financial program with the boy
on a budget basis after ha has determined the
procedure best suited to ssz've the imie4S*te
t both parties.
Ui. Determine the possibilities or desirability of buying
needs
a farm:
iz'ough purchase or th ho farm.
51
separate
Through
Through b
ombinatton with
other proper
Throwjh buying another fui in scmbinat ion with
the hone farm.
(These possibilities would lead to study and con
sideration of all points leading to a long t1 farit
prograa in order to sot up a definite goal which the boy
ight wish to achieve.)
5. Locate possible terms for lease in the
Through personal sontaots.
Through 1nkers.
a. Through resity firma and other oereia1
agencies.
Dstermins the type of farm to
what would
be fair market pricss*
Setiaate the farm valusi on the haiti of
previous and prevailing prtea.
teteraine the
the different
classes of soil.
!)stex'mine the aoreag needizg z'.e3onation
(5) Determine the availability and
quantity ot water for stock end ir'r
tion water for cash and teed era
52
4; Determine price per acre aocording
soil classifications.
(
iv&luat the factors which might increase
the noztial value of the ld such as
buildings, foncings, roads, schools,
iglb ore.
(8) Make a final evaluation b moans or a
fsi scoz'e cord.
b. Determin, to at extant the turn aa new
managed end operated would be able to pay
itself out of present earnings.
Determine
'oas and net inccmMs shown.,
s tisaat the ama.at of money left ove
after deducting operating expanses and
labor that could be applied tord the
purchase price of the farm.
a.. Determine wb*ther the farm in question ri
not be roox'gsnised so as to make pass ible
the payment prio of the farm out of
creased earnings.
) Through the selection of entsrprise
which would asks for greater .conc*ie
(An example of the makings
this typo of analysis La au
Table U, pegs
5)
(2) Thzough the possibility of z'ecltintng
other land not now In eeonc*ic tse.
V. Dsteznine by .at means the father's attitude and
oopeativenoss mht be chengod tosard helping
boy to get establiahed in fnuiiag.
10 Through oomciling with the tather,and also tbe
motherwith regard to the toUowing cons idr*tiorLs
a. Deterine the father' a willingness to share
the use of machinery and other oquient
with the boy bile he te establishing hitsself on the hone or sore other
b Establish in the father mind the need ftr
his finanotal aid and aesistance In placing
the boy on an equitable, oeononic, selfsustained and independent tazming basis.
Discuss with the parents the various poesibilities by iIch the boy might become
established in f*ndng as already outlined.
d. Present all budgets, programs, end proodures
directly to the parents for full analysis
end consideration, in the hope that these
would lead to a clear understanding of the
boy's probiseti and aiticm* and thereby
enlist the parents' supper
Oregon State College
Department of Farm Management
Table No. II
54
Case No. 2
FARM PRODUCTION AND INCoME UNDER ORIGINAL FARM PLAN
Based on average production at normal prices (See "Use Data")
Enterprise
Ave.
Acres or
- Ave.
Ave.
Yield
Animals,__per Unit
Oats & Vetch
Corn
6
a.
6
a.
Straberrjes
2
a.
Ant.
Fed or
Sold
Total
Yield
4-5 Ton
25 Ton
5 Ton Silage 30 Ton
2 Ton
Normal Gross
Sales Income
Fed
Fed
4 Ton
6i
Sold
Potatoes
a.
30 Sacks
-
Homeuse
Sweet Corn
a.
30 Sacks
-
Rome use
12
lid.
35# Da.
-
Poultry
100
Hd.
Swine
6-10 lid.
Dairy
Normal
Price
-
480.00
1000.00
-
( no acotrate procuotion records )
100.00
250.00
FrUit8
2
Pasture and noncrop land
12
Carrying capacity,
8
months
Total and net
36
Net farm income . 5oss - Net
a.
-
-
Home use
12
head
Total
gross
$
1830.00
915.00
FARM PRODUCTION AND INCOiIE UNDER REVISED FARM PLAN
Based on average production at normal prices
Enterprise
Ave.
Ave.
Acres or
Animals
Yiold
per Unit
Oats & Vetch
6
a.
2* Ton
Corn
S
a.
15 Ton
Strawberries
6
a.
Barley
5
a.
-
Ave.
Total
Yield
Ant.
Fed or
Sold
Ton
Fed
90 Ton
Fed
4000 Lb.
4,000 Lb.
Sold
30
150 Bu.
Fed
-
flome use
6O0 Lb.
13u.
13
1200.00
Sold
35
1260.00
25
2250.00
1
Dairy -
12
Rd.
Poultry
600
lid.
15 Dz.
9000 Dz.
Sold
12
Rd.
180 Lb.
2160 Lb.
Sold
Swine
Pasture and nonorop land
Total and net
Alternatives
300 Lb.BF
12
a.
Carrying capacity,
months
8
3
a.
(Net farm income
Normal Gross
Sales Income
5
Orchard
a.
Normal
Price
head
151.20
Total
gross
12
50% gross) Net
$
4861.20
2430.60
UR
A LONG TIME PART1ERBHIP PROGRAM *11DB NEC88&RT 2!
A L11RGB PA)XL!, LC OP CAPITAL, AND TEE INPEACTXBUIT!
OP DIVIDING TEE ROME F
This case represents two boys, Dick and in,
their probl*is arising fran their bin the tie oldsz'
of seven children In the fsil.
Even though parental education was lacking in this
e, love for the hot and the f*'d17 had 1.4 .eax'ly to
a planned 'ograE on a basic cma*ial order *
Beetuse ot a lack of money and transportation
facilities, neither Dick nor Don had had the advantages
of a high school education. Dick had dropped out of
school to york on the farmi at the tenth grade, while Don
completed only the first eight grades. Being of a very
observing and receptive nature and cager to grasp &U
thing to help that In their farwaing operations, Dick and
Don made the finest trpe o studeuts in partti and
night olassea in agriculture and shop work, nakig every
mnnte of their tine and ettort count.
This family was representative of & mnail group in
any ecsimunitr'-thos. who are everlasting workers from
daylight iatil dark:, who have formulated definite atas
and procedures and have carefully laid plcn for the
tubu'e, accepting ibat a*ll problems confront th
ing Gut a satisfactory solution and app rent]y having
worries ae to their future. Dick and Don, true to foret,
felt a security in their future, each asmting that be
uld in due tbe acquire a farm of his
Dick stated
that his goal was to be a rich farmer'. Don stated tha
his goal was to preserve his partner ship with parenti and
brothers in order to secure ospital and then to b ind
pemdent after marriag
rents and children bad early ocmo to the conclusion
that it would be unwise and Iripractical, ile the obiIdrefl
were at hone, to divide the two"Inmdr*d acre farm iieh
bad been soquired as timber land and sbioh bad been cleared
and paid for shortly prior to the oldest boy's coning of
age.
Our survey found Dick and. Don thoroughly subscribing
to a program of pooling the labor and Income of the entire
family end of drawing out of funds for pleasure or far
penaea on the same basis.
Dick and Don, as the older sons, believed heartily
in the Impractibility of dividing the farm Into smaller
units, feeling that conbined efforts on as )arga a seals
as possible worced ultimately toward the ben.tit of each
family member. utile each son felt that it would take
several years for hIm to make his share of profits of
sufficient siz* to enable Id* to go out on his own, he waa
strong In the oonvietion that the procedure was the wise
eouzsa to take. WhUe the older boys i uld leave the h*
farsa first, and with possibly bettor opportunities to
receiving other land, the younger eons would be 1tt with
larger acreage after b*ving ehaxder prob]a41 of keping
up fertility on the bone f*. Thus Diok and DCm played
iortant part in helping their father foz1st. the
aanagerial prograwe for the farsi, and the parents were
proud or the sooperat iv. sxrsngenents making for oonplete
harsiony within the family circle. sough the father had
tsrstsd for 28 yesra, no lndioation sea given as to when
he might ezpsot to retire. The average net inc
or
47Th$.20 was listed as coning A'cmt clover, wheat, oat
corn, barley, kale, turkeys, berries, hay, poultry and
dairy cows Zach boy' a annual gross incone fron Individ'
uzily owned enterprises was shown to be $100.00. Dick
and Don eash believed they should ha,. $3000.00 cash
capital ,tOz1s th*y would be able to start their
independent farming operations.
Dick and Don iowed no hesitancy toward und tskthg
independent farming ent*zres with a ath1am of $3000.00
capital, believing that the beet means of securing a
farm of their own ultimately would be through the lasthg
of desirable prop.rty on a long tIs* lean. contract with
Ui pivi3.ege at butxi. No boys lnt.rwisw.d tslt surr
ot t..3vss 01' th.ir tutn's sucosas th*a did Diok M
AI*LUIS OP CME NUE3. 3
FAVORABLE CONDITIONS SHOWN:
I. The boys partiolpated in plumed fau activities.
B. Tea older brothers worked in humony with the
tather and other brother
AU shoved an eagerness to learn better
The boys shared in tho *i*tter Of labor,
end expenses.
The older boys bad an interest in
wslfar of their younger brothers.
UNFAVORABLZ CONDITIONS 8BOWI:
1. The boys wore two of sevsra
ts of one ta.r.
B, The boys lacked a higji school education.
$. T. vets a realization on the prt of each b
that it would take a long tiLe tor hlz to
oe*jats a share of profits large enough
bi* to got an independent start in taxaing
4. The boys rstded On a fum too *wnU for s
dividing.
TBODB BI WHICH T33 BOY& CAN BZ FURT1flR A88ID U
ECOHING B8TABL1SBED XI FPBNINO:
Through schooling adaptable to these
1. ?srttiLe classes 1 agriol2lturI.
2. NIght olsases in arioulture.
Ins truc tar tl3.owp.
U. Dy the agz"io*1ttu'a3. instructor's per's
01ts
advisory capacity:
Helping the two older brothers and the young
ones work ant a more effective eooperatis plan
of tsathg.
Helping th father sad eons work out a coops
tire plan of farwing more fully meeting
needs of the boys as they reach maturity and
wish to get a start for' theaselvea.
Helping those concerned make an armlysts of the
fea buaIn,s and its reituzasratire poasibilities
under a reorganization plan, with budgets, sUo
ting proper share of profits to each person.
Thin progp would lead to each boy's gaining
sufficient capital to start tsxtng activities
onhie
4. Helping to
rotation and the selection
of erops.
Helping in Uvestock feeding, breeding
management.
6.
.lping to dsteit
sources of
capital. and the ways of Obtaining it, together
with interest considerations.
di
Iping to ia1c a stm7 of 1as*s and eontraeta
applicabla to conditions met by theeC brothers.
Helping to outline a prort for most effective
sing the resources of this farm.
Helping to evaluate properties fez' prospective
Helping to keep and analyse farm accounts.
PARN BO STARTING ON A SNJLLL SOALN WITR
PRACTICAXJIT NO FINANCIAL OR PAR?AL AkCK1I
AN AKBITION TO GE
LUT WflH
INTO A SUCCESSFUL, $LF
RNTRBPRERIWR.
Mark Ross wns typics3. of the average studesit *a
through high school with no clear progren for the
future. However', after two or three oars of general
labor, he realised that he was not getting ahead.
1*3k Rose found hlaaelf thinking deaply during his
second and third year out of high aehool. Thi resulting
abition was far beyond ithat his foziir tachera and
associates had anticipated. He began to draw npcn his
forijier agricultural training and owen went back to his
instructor and to parttine ola*ses to review work be
had ones gone over and to increase his knowledge of
taiing.
At the age of 22 years, lark, *o had tried
faittng with his tether and had work
a hired man on
various farms, decided dtini t*17 that ha must cut lao
and develop his own program.
To secure mon.y for his first top in the dir.ctten
of farm possession he o1d produce at a little r'oodsids
stand
still tsrdng a ern]l tract on the brne farm.
With practically no capital and with only discouragement
from his fsmi]y, Xark laased a mall tract at 3s close
to his hams ror the breeding and raising at hogs.
It had an old building and some fencing which oculd
be made into swine feeding quarters. Feeding alone did
not take all of Mark's tim* so that the antrprias of
iogs at sales and feeding end reselling them was
added to his activities. This proved not only interesting
but profitable, making a net return of *480.00 for the
first year. With these marks of success, the yog farmer
bsosme encouraged eM at the end of two you's was able to
purchase one acre of ground M3oinlng hi* leasehold,
making it possible for him to place permanent improvements
theream
in two esrs he had entered the realm of
ership and had laid definite plans to purchase adja
ozoage and build a home.
At the tire at the survey this young man felt that
be was established in his business and that within tram
$ t. ö years h* could schiev. his goal Of developing a
large and profitable hog business with a small emount of
inanetal assistance from his fath
AN*LTSIS OP CASE NUNBER 4
FAVOBABLE CONDITIONS SHOU
After oattng for a time at general 1
not getting ahead, the boy made up his mind to
get established in sca'e thing for
we
2. H. d.iopad an interest in
iing.
$. He developed a desire to obtain additicnsl
agricultural edusation to meet prOb1I*IP
enoou.nterd,
uNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS ;i:OWNs
The bay had worked on his father' a tam. but
tomd that unsatisfactory.
2. The boy lacked finances with thiCh to a
independent faming operations.
IETBOI
B! WHICH THIS BOY CAN BE ASSISThD IN 13E00*tING
ESABLtLD IN PARKING
hrouh continued agricultural training
By encouraging the boy to enlist in
s]aes.a in agriculture.
By encouraging tb boy to attend night
in agrioultur.
By encouraging the boy to study methods
by key tamera of the at*im"$ty.
5
IX. Through the analysis of a financial progrea ioh
would help th* boy acquire additional acrea
2 By deter'nining *at ad3aoent land could be
purchased, the price pr acre and the texa
wbich ownership could be eontinplatsd.
2. By helping the. boy set up a budget to deteniiinc
capital outlay necessary to purchase and operate
additional acreage.
By helping the boy deterins the eninuil
profit tich eou2d be noracily eff.oted and
which would be avai]ubla toward hlping Iiciuidats
the indebtednesi.
4. By helping the boy
the *aow*t and
sources of additional capital and possible wa
obtaining
By detersining the degree to which the rather
would help the son an ir an acreage cuff ioient
to nak. up a sattsfe.Otoz7 eeonc*do iait,
By helping the son end his father work o
long time prOr which would lead to the sozà
acquiring, cpa ing and ultimately owning the
XXX. By setting up a managerial pzo
1. $or the econotete breeding and Loading of
2 For a crop production progran which should lead
6
to a oang ci teed and thus I
0051
tion on the main entarpr
Par a crop and green teed (pasture) productian
plan adaptable to the soil types prevsfl1n.
Par the seleation and feeding of concentra tea.
Par the kping of records and figuring coat
of prodnoticei.
8. Per a study ot markets and marketing procedures.
Par planning and conatruoting tsx buildings
and appliances.
gber, 5
THE FARMREARZD 130T WRO3 LACK OP AGRICUI/IURAL
TR&.ThING, LOW EOIE.PARI I!OOE AID LACK OP ENCOURAGEMENT
AID GI!X&NCE LEAD EM TCARD Fl
Al
OTiER THAN PABEIG
o Is representative of that group of
tound In almost my ccmninity,
oss background is
rural but who because of eon*io, sbicatio*l, or
ozmextal handicaps, finds hIaaelf turning away fPmt
faiating. Al, being 3ust of ago, realized that the hcms
p3aos offered hin no further opportunities and that he
must go out in th. world to shift for hlaso3.1.
Al 's agricultural background warn very meagre thowh
he early In lit. had gained scs early fair .zperi.nces
on the bcre taz end as a laborsr c other' farms. £3
had had a halt yosz' s .xperienos in boys' end girls' work
through carrying on a cooking project. Along with this
Al had carried out a year' a work in agriculture U. in
the eighth grad and had found consIderable interest in
the textbook "Profitable Parming". However, the interest
warn not sufficient tO make hin wish t continue the course
in high school. Al did finish high school with th
selection of general courses end made good grads.
Distinct diseourageaent in regard to farming 'w**
d large 17 by economic and home conditions.
In their
12*itsd way the parents had en intersat in Al, the older
or two eons, but had failed to gain his contid*no and
s**ned tmable to help in guiding the son along any detS.
nite lines.
hil. £1 eontribute4 his ure of work and living
ponies, it was evident that discouragement came about
gely frcm the fact that there was no set zulo as to
the division of enterprisCe. The boy merely worked along
with his father. Ritnirneratiom was in the form of bed,
board, end spending moes. *oney was a cares beeause of
inefficient
praottess. Thor. was considerable
waste la4, and every svaU.abl cent went toward paying
off a bear indebtedness, lsrgo2y on the purchase of the
58 sore fani secured on terms. A distinct need was
recognised for bettor f*i'eing habits, ton crop pl
for the irovament of the quality of livestock, and for
more upto"dats machinery. There were possibilities of
Izproved farm moons to be obtained by
the size
of the dairy and swine enterprises and by the more sconon
use of grain and hay erop as home grown feeds rather then
s cash crops.
1th conditions as stated, Al came to the conclusion
that he should never contplste owning or operating a
faxwt for himself. At the age of 21 his program pointed
toward entering eons institution of higher learning it he
.49IamOa%t9
PSP$LZ SZ
U*1
uovad q
.9
£MLYSI5 OF CA3E 1UMbER
FAVORABLE CONDITIONS FOUfls
1
The boy was f*z'it
The boy had been ezpoasd to various fsa
sotivities on the hens faa and working out on
othe
Tb. boy had been in 4-H club work tor a 'ear.
The boy had taken egrioultur in the eighth
grads and had on considerable interest in
the textbook used.
6. The boy had been a good student in high eciool.
TJNFAVORBL CONDIX ONS 8H011 z
I The boy lacked a high school agritural
training.
The boy was discouraged beeause of hen
condit Lena.
0
The boy had to contribute his shnr
,ork without due renunerat ion.
The boy had tO contribute his share oi'
labor and received nothing but bed,
board, and a 1itt1 spending money.
The boy had to contribute toward rduc
the indebtedness on the f*xt.
boy had no tarming interests of his
4. The boy had little, if any say, about
6.
**gement of the ttr.
a tu itself s poorly ma*ged.
0. The parents wre not duly concerned about the
boy' a future.
Prct the forego Ing analysis it is clear that this
boy should not be encouraged toward a faNLing career.
l'he boy' a inherent dislike ror taziing, coupled with
the scontmtie status of the parents and their refusal
take the boy into their oontidenos and give hi* a share
in the fruits of his labors have surely worked toward
the son's lose of faith in rural life.
The boy will find h1.el ziore quickly through
psrspeetive of
entirely different ooeup*tton.
While the agricultural inatruetoz services would
:ee* to tezaiinate at this point, there is yet that
pportunity for vocational guidance, .ncoursgement, or
oven placenent uhich any teacher worthy of the ideals
of bi* profession would otter.
THE ZOUNG IAN NRI31 INTO A FAHNING PARTN]$R8JiI
WHO THROUGH THE WS8 OF OWE PABNT NOPES TO RE ABLE TO
FINANCE SOLE OWNERSHIP O
A PARN III TINE.
U
acquires taming ezperisnoe en a pstnership basis sad
thin,
gh the death of ons of the parents, sieves into
the nan*geaent or th entire .nterpris
Don Brown was one of those rung sian
Though Don did not have the advantage of a high
school agricultural training, eine the work was
offered When he was i.n school, he did have the benefits
or a college course in agriculture. Esrl plane of Don
and his parents had not considered the return of th
to the soil, but the fax bad helped to cuppl7 the rn*
with Which Dan secured his education.
*zring college years Don faithfully helped the folks
on the faxa during vacation periods and en3oed the work,
though hi. sins, and even those or his parents, pointed
toward a white collar job in one of the fi.16 of sgr
culture quite rerioved frosi the rural at*osphers.
Suddsnl7, the death of the father changed the
plan, and it beeame an eztrems effort for Don even to
finish his college work. TYpon graduation fran coils
be and his mother concurred in a program under hich Don
at the age of 25 yeezs became ths operatorizanager of
the twohundred acre ranch. Thider the arrangements Do
was to scours twothirds and liii mothr ouc-third of the
net returns rr the farm on a he paz'tnerah.tp basil.
*ile th. partnership with the mother was satisfactory in a way, it soon became apparent that such a
relationship could not endure tbrou the years This
was reasoned fr Don' a having to pay halt of all household and general expenses incurred by the mother and
other children as wall as himasif. Also, Don carried
e3zoat complete reaponsibility for the farm arid the
indir or the family, and ha realized that in the case
of the death of the mother he would inherit but one third
of the tue, with many other problems most likely to
arise. Don wished to marry before too long a tima and
to be able to establish his own household.
Conoluaivs evidence was shown that temporarily Don
had accepted the conditions Which had fallen to his lot
and was doing well in such a program.
At this stags, Don came to a definite plan by whi
he iuuld work in order that he could achieve full
ship of the farm even though it gould take some eight or
ten years to raoh the objective.
Don was cony mood that the livestock and cropping
gram would hav* to be materially changed and that the
74
*01* fazei iould h&v to be reorganized on. a aornd fa
management basia, since the net returns v eea.tmes $0
as *750.00.
Doveloping such a plan Xbn was sb3.e to convince
mother that in 3usttce to them both end for the welfare
of the farm, Don should eeeure full ownership The
mother, hoping also that event'islly the son should ha
a fslwt of his own, could easily subscribe to the prorart
on a long tins basis and could aodi4 the forw moring
I.
Thus, Don iromi could move toma'd with confidence
that each day's work was to bring hin nearer to fa
ownership even though he was to assume an indebtednea*
of sonic $10,000. le estmted that it would take hin
fr
8 to 10 osrs to receiv, the deed to the hems place
which be hoped to develop as an ideal tarn in the cem'
munity In memory of his father who had worked so hard
to acquire the land In the first plao.
AN&L!8IS OF OA$Z UEER
PYOEABLE CONDITIOIS SOU:
. able to secure eol2ege training
agriculture.
The tart profits nads his college education
possible.
Th boy helped wck on the
iitg bis
The boy
mr vacations
After the death of the boy's father, the nether
de the boy operating mnger of the fazt.
8. The boy secured a ta3or share of net retiun
frcm the fart on an ideal partnership basis
6 The boy as s.14e to arrange with his nether to
is the fart.
UR1AVORA8L
C OJDITXO$ S1N:
The boy did not have the advantage of a M#
school agricultural training
en.
d*par'tnant of agz'i
in the sehool at the
ti*.
The boy had not expected t follow farting a.
career.
The sudden death of the father placed unezpec ted
responsibilities upon the boy's shoulders.
4. The boy had to carry responsibilities for th
raaa&in2ng rneez's of the taMly.
8
The boy realized th*t upon the death
he would ttherit but ou'thS.rd interes
6
r.ozgsnizat ton progz'sa was nece.ssar
the f.
to secure proper returns frc
Ownership would call for a long tms prOgr
and
the working ont of rather ccunplioa ted agreesients
SM eontrsts.
0DB BT WEIGH THIS BO CAN
ASSISTHD IN BECOMINI
ESTttBLI3}UD U FARNING.
Helps in solving localised prob]s of crop, livestock,
and soils.
By the selection of crops eulted to the sot]
tp.a and Cloyation of the farm.
By the production or seed crops.
3. Bi keeping production records for livestock with
suggestions for cu]lthg and aiproving breeding
asth
By encouraging the ]roung faniar
cow testing aasooi*tion.
the eatabiishs&ont of badly need d perin
pastures.
6. By the plazing of crop rotations and soil
build1g practice
considering the possibilities
irrigation syataa for pasture
flelp In analysing the financial situation
By determining the expenses and net ins
derived fl'om the firm under the proson
mant.
2. By determining iethr a difrerant eel.ctiea
mud combination of ant.rpris,s could reasonab
be expected to increase the firm ineoms end
thus return a greater amount of mone to apply
towz'd the purchase of the firm. With a
$10,000 indebtedness the farm vuld have to
produce over * thousand dollars per year us
profit 1ch could be applied toward the puroba
price, vhil undr the present program the us
turns were often as low as $5O per year.
3 By working out a definite ten-year ts'mi
progrest of reorganization. (An example o
* plan is ahomi in Table U, page 64)
4. By working out a budget program allocating
expenses, credits and nat profits to the various
ttena necessary to insiu* success of the tsn"ye.
program. Of pntary izortanoa here would be
the determination of the animal net profit
paying off the principal and interest.
By appriasing the fur to dstsi'*nin the poadbl
kind end amount or loan available through
Credit MminietraticTz or other sourcea,
ogether with interest rates end the moat
riasoi*bl plan for eking paenta
Cb
interest
and principal.
6. By helping the young furer make a study of
lessee and contracts which might be mad
applicable to his condit lone and by h.1p1n
and his mother to work out a contract agreeable
to all Th contract would be rather coiUcatsd
since not only he end his mother but also two
other eMidren wire coneerne
79
Table No.
T,qBuIl,4T/O/V
CE CASE
000t,?oTIONAl. RPt000 OF Oto.oF.07000L YOiO
Pt!. L&btt.tM
Sri,
--.
----- ------------------.---- -- ItjnSt. U10..
At - tltfl Iat
frr.
Mtr. trrtt,,:i...
- ________--
- -- -
-- --- --
P.fl:r It F.t
EAt BfltTht TOO AUTO OF 14 TO 30 13008
Op.rttt, tT
=.
- -- -__._
--.- --.--
-___
--- --U---
-- ---- - -----.
---------"fl
_____ii
-- ----------- -
--- -----------------
- --.------------.
- -- -
'71PUP
1
- ,_!r_
W
I
w '71! 'TU
--
_
_.7._.
-.. __.'_
p '.. ii. u
-----.
--
_Tu'
.u; I.-
'/r
._u.-_
w, 'V
r
I
. V7
w' r
Wr',wT
71F
p
. !.1
' 1P 1W'"7
W rr. I
C
p,
C '.1PW'i
'wr
__w.
_.'r.'.I.'
-
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U-
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-
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i,
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. .1 A
.jC
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V
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- -- .- --- -- -- -- -----.--- - ---.--- ----------.-----= ----.------ ---.---==
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----- --.- --------.---------- ----.----.-------------. ---.-- --- --
Ott*th*titt Ethttitt
STI.1U14S
Pr... A!t
I,..
I fl
C
I,..
--____________ r . M'
C__. .-T_________
- .1. . _____
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-
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- .._R _.U___________
pA
.
Cp.
U.
_.__ .U_._
CI!APTER
UU&U AD CONCLUBIOIS
I The survey bou t out six most importsnt SM
distinct class z'aupIngs of young men in the cimity.
2. 1aoh group presented totally different problese
concerns educe tion, finanoss and parental Interest.
3, A large proportion of young men covered by
survey had definite desires to establish households of
their
4 Wsll above fifty per cent of all young men covered
the questionnaire desired farms of their o.
5. Those young men with parental backing have the
*oet incentives toipard acquiring
of their omn.
6 Partnerships were shown to be
fr rt*nt faster
in lending oncoizrsgenent to the eons.
Toung men taking over terms believed it desirable
to give attention to i.mprovenenta in terming methods.
o hope to secure farms thro
the partnorhip or rental methods must be contented with
* long-time program before securing onez'ehip
The well divers itted farms had the adventa
satisfactory returnø.
Those young men
tost press thg prob1es ity In the
tnttvtaabilIty of tividing fz'a into aallez unite.
11. Capital outlay for outright purehase of farm
property as beyond the reeeh of praotteally all young
10
me
One of th
of the cimity.
12 A d.e.cisd trend was showa toward a wiUingneaa of
the majority of yonig men of the oxwmity to asoept any
relationship or condit ion Uah would point toward securing farm ownership end stability.
COELU8IO8
Conclusions can beat be intez'pro ted with direct
relationship to the respective groups trc*a which tarp
*ae were selected and are drawn frcci thri as follows:
tel heip and assistanos is a sure and eats
route toward ownership of farm popert.
Without parental backing this group would find
it doubl7 bard to get started in farming.
Msn parents wish d.finit.li for the eons to
secure a good education,
and ewsatusily take over
the h* farm.
Farm records and ana3.eis, caibined with farm
plathg are vital factors toward auccaas.
Thslp and guidance tr the agricultural ta
after the boy b.ad conpieted school, togeth with attend'
anse at part-tine classes helped solve usny of the constant fant problEms and led to greater eooncmic stsbi.htt
Csi two groups
I me ctuity had an abundance of farms
which young men lived ithich wars too Email for subdivision
2. Too often b071 were discouraged when remuneration
for their efforts consisted of bid, board and spending
monet. Low inene and larg. sized iazili.s seemed to aM
materially to the eon * biMioap$.
85
Too often, parents were found to be msympathet1.c
toward the son' e marriage plans, 51p0015317 *.ze th sen
oontp1ated bringing & wit, to ths1u* fiat.
Parents fell to recognize the eon's maturity arid
desire for freedon trcp, bcme ties coupled with hi
desire to acquire his own an iaal.* and property.
Young men *0 did not h*v ownership and possa
ajon of animals were definitely discouraged.
6 Low teat iu0*e and. inadequate remuueration for
labor often contributed to strained relatieihipe between
parents and **.
'1. Young men in this group seened prone to accept
the conditions, living largely in the hopes that soni
thing better would turn up.
Case three g2'Oup*
3tudlos here bring out the tact that a 3.ovs tar
the home and one another, even *ere there are many in
the family, offsets a lack of eapital end the i*praetV'
bility of dividing the teat, as tar as possibility of
ultimat. success ii concerned.
In this group the boys
oid to be hard
workers with carefully laid plan
This group had quite d*finits goals eltablish
Parents and sons discus aed the £aTdly welfare.
L Contr'ibuting to the stability appeared to be the
pooling of labor and inecini and an equal sharing in vith
drawal of money for expenses and pleasure
Panu reorganiution end plarmed progrems wars
tily aeespted and put into praotioe by this group.
O7a I tying under these conditions shoved a
Thith in their sbiliti.a and Aitm'e success.
Cas font group:
Znvestigat ions shoved that this group was the
one bist fit ted to sueceed iei forced to bsecs silt
aide individuals through cireuma tanose.
This group, contrary to ccinmon opinion, appeared
to reach maturity and senes the realisation that they
must make their own way, rather late in years.
5. A s11 start leading to slow and steady gains
out self oonfidence and a gsn* of stability
Among this group a miaber were encountered
to
had been able to profit materially fxim early training.
It was then easy for th to s.ek and grasp now into:
tion in order to aiak progress in their undertakings.
Pun ownership appeared to be a greater desirs
in this thsn in any other gr'oip.
In this group, ocn with moat of the Others,
it was donid necessary to have around three th
dollars capital before a young man could adequately a
85
out In a tanning career. Lack of capital, hoveet', Wts
no deter?ent to the young nan who had defInitely nMs
hii iind that he could succeed without it if his dtai'aln'
atien was strong enough. Such young en as the
encountered had succeeded.
Case five groupz
The boy without en early agricultura). train
soon turns away fz"zi fazing as a career.
Inireetiga tion showed that boys without a likIng
for' rural life or an incent lYe for fanning were not suc
oesstul, They often became fare laborer's tora tIn. and
then drifted toward acme other occupation.
3 In this group, where parental interest and
agent was not present, the acne were ager to 1ave the
farn. Thus parents play an Isaportant factor in d.tnnin
lug the son' a occupation.
arly hard work upon the tan!, wtth
any kind, discouraged rural youth.
It was found that a*re the sen had no voio i
the operation of the tarn he icon lost Interst in fenilag.
8. With nfavorible conditions for the boy were also
ound unfavorable farming coaditioni prevailing.
7 Unfavorable home or fanning conditions defini tely
led faxn youth away from thi
8 This group detinitly showed a need for guidance
in helping them to boc*ss sd3uatd to an occupation.
as six groupt
I Iost eignStie.nt in thai studies is the tact
that thheritanee plays a big part in helping boys beocee
established in faraing.
2. Inheritance, otten minus the financial bux'd
short irouits many of the
th into osnerahip at an
Sarly age.
Zitheritance, *ere the land has been in stable
hands, places the b
h has above average
terming assets, and * continue oz' Improve upon sound
practices in to
suslly move through the steps of
managership and o'merahip where the death of th father
occurs befora that at the mother.
Young mes In this group were shown to be vitally
interested in programs of livestock and crop Improvam.nt
Zoung men
and th securing of greater returns fray their I
8 Inheritance would sees to be one of the cmtoc t
s by which young men be*omØ permanently established In
arming ocoupat
CUAPTER flU
REOOIOLENTION$
Pr
studies nads it is the 1.n.etigatoz's belief
that our fax youths can protft fr*u th toUcv
activities:
8tudtos in the cQgitiee to dster*.tns lend
availability to young prospective fare.srs and the sethoda
by iich the land can be acquired. Thu i Important
since land is bso*iing inoz'eaeingly a
Mjue1ent of our high sohool training
that they can adequately fit the young men tor the
saer and ever changing farming possibilities in theIr
respective ccstudtios.
5. A greater amount of effort to a guidance progrem
oh *rnld tko in not only the student' a problems but
those of the parents as w.U.
sore definite attention should be given to farm
,nagement, planning, and reorganization s&tama not
only In our high school group but also in the out 'of
school groups in order to raise the plans of farming to
bring not only satisfactory living conditions but high
e*oncmie rturns for time and energy expanded.
Continued research into iat becomes of o
rural boys, the nttibera entering farming or driftthg
to oth*r oeeupations, eM * gath.rir2g of tats as to a
o1*ients point tow&rd the sueo.s. or faUu. of
Individuali in their chosen fields Those studies and
tabulat ions should aezve as effident guides toward
setting up and maintaining of adequate training and
guidanos programs tar the future.
BXBLXOORA
Byx'., H. L Opportunities for fax reared bOs.
Ocu*tioni, November, 1.958, pp. 11*".lfl.
Ohapn, Paul W. The vooationa:L gnidanee of t*iui you
American Vocational Association 1*w.
February, 1939, pp. 54'56.
Oslo., (. P.
Youn
210U from Michigan razs
Mo. 26, State oard of Control for Vocational Mites
tiozt, Departaent of Education, *ihigen State OeUsgs
Lansing,
1959.
Pedezual Board for Vocational Mdueattn,
Individual soheduls for ot*t.ot-sobool b
old Uving on
Larrtviore, A. Aiding oiitof.oh
establish
selts in fuming throu
education. Agrisultural Education, March,
I*tt*g, H. L Survey to dtermins percentage of bos
In fstthg or some related vocation.
versity of Idaho, 1928.
T. B. Characteristics end needs of rural youth
the 1.6-24 year ago
AgrieulttwaI Education,
bruary, 1938, pp. 12 424.
State Association of Teachers of Agriculture of Viion
Cetittes. The valuo of high school vocational
agricuLture to Vermont boys. Agrioultal ; cation
February, 193
Stewart, I. F. Vocational sgz'tcultur education a vital
service to youth. American Vocational Aaaooiat1cs
Journal and less Bulletin, May, 1937, pp. T8.
Studebaker, 3. L Rural Xouth A A, Istienal Asset.
Addpeee before the Alliance fo Gutdsoe of Rural
Youth.
Washington, D.C., January #6, 1959.
Uflited States Dcaz't t of Interior. Office Of
Education. Discovering oocup.tioxia3. opportunities
for young men in t'utng. Vocational Division
Monogreth 10. 20
UO
I4
1mt
'UOtA ,'I
1N1 'ot
4* j TtU pta t*Lotdu
* StELTSZV 0 Lea1a* qz.p
,fl V OO O
'd "X
;onp tDTOA
1
XOT.ZeUI JO U.
UT
dId*1 s;
'a 'uorpr
eç
p;un
t;nox
tWOTOA 'oe; UOT ucttj .nouwtr*o'
U3 *OUSiJUOØ 0 *OdH
o.zeux Jo ua4Kd.a esi PaTWi
jotooejo
1IxvI
PENDXX
The following suppl.mtental data oontributing to the
understanding of the problem and studies made, together
with methoda of helping young men analyze their tarithg
business toward better econmic eeew'ity is presented
tolloiing fore
I. Other 5urvys
S
Pere.nta
of Boys Engag
Farming, Graph No. I
Ocoupation Distribution of Farm
Reared Young Men, Graph No. IX
The Value of High S4hool Agrioul
tm's, Graph No. XIX
. .
.
Farming Status Attained by Farm
ared Young Men, Graph No. IV
Farm Reorganisation
The Method
2. Paixn Production and Inese,
Table I. . .
An Original Farm Plan, Map No. II.
Revised Faru Plan No. 1, Map No.
. . . .
XII.
0
S
0
0
5
Revised Pa.n Plan No. 2, Map No.
IV
Original and Revised Farmatead
I
Plans, Map No. V
S
S
92
RESULTS OF A SURVEY MADE IN 1928 BY
H. E. LATTIG
TO
DETERMINE THE PERCENTAGE OF BOYS ENGAGED IN FARMING OR SOME
RELATED VOCATION, iHO RECEIVED TRAINING IN DEPARTMENTS OF
VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE DURING THE SCHOOL YEAR 1922-23 IN THE
TWENTY FOUR HIGH SCHOOLS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO.
'V
orNtr
FAfl/f/N
VOCATIONS
413$
0
NA
CaLL FGE OF A 6ff/CULTURE
ftltS
EI-4 71/) 7046ff/C L'L77)h'E 2.7 )
1.11' 0
/,1DUSTI
Isro
'' ft OD
T4fcg.q
0
5/./fo
IN
OAY
CDII EGES
0T/(Li
LA48O ITE8$
TI/A iY
Ci'LLEOE OP
AGRJCUb T(/,E
/O.*7
Graph I
7.370
93
OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF FARM-RFARED YOUNG IVIEN
WHO
TOOK ONE YEAR OR MORE OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE IN
CERTAIN MICHIGA1 HIGH SCHOOLS.
OTHT5
5./7o
fAFt/t1/NG
7D.? 7o
RELATE 12
*07°
DISTRIBUTION OF 378 iEN WHO LEFT HIGH
SCHOOL IN 1930 OR AFTER
Graph II
94
THE VALUE OF HIGH SCHOOL AGRICULTURE
TO VERMONT BOYS
FRO!: A SURVEY OF 2]. HIGH SCHOOLS IN VERMONT OVER A
SEVEN YEAR PERIOD, TABULATIONS MADE IN 1936 SHO(ED 443
BOYS W}IO HAD TAKEN THE AGRICULTURAL COURSE TO BE IN THE
ROLLOING OCCUPATIONS
:
THE SURVEY SHOED THAT PRACTICALLY THREE QUARTERS OF
THE BOYS TAKING VOCATIOIJAL AGRICULTURE MADE DEFINITE USE OF
THE TRAINING M'TER THEY LEAVE HIGH SCHOOL AND DEMONSTRATE
CONCLUSIVELY THAT THIS COURSE IS A MOST IMPORTANT PART OF
THEIR CURRICTJLUM.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION
Graph III
FEBRUARY, 1936.
95
FARMING STATUS ATTAINED BY FARM-REiRED YOUNG IiiENHO
TOOK ONE YEAR OR MORE OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE IN CERTAIN
MICHIGAN HIGH SCHOOLS.
LADORER5
O2 7o
RENTE,q
t?C fO
5:77'
PARTNER 5
','2.8 7o
FARMING STATUS OF 264 MN HO LEFT HIGH
SCHOOL IN 1930 OR AFTER
Graph IV
BM flEOflGAL24TION
e fol1owtrg table, No. I, accotpante4 by maps,
utabers II, 111, IV, and V serve to ahow brief method
ich young farmers may be able to reorganize their
by
farms 1 ding toard greater COflIiiO returns and a
r deree of farm stability.
Methods of nnysis call for mapping the fsat
tathalating farm pt'oduotion and income.
This is followed
by an anelrsis of the farm's production possibilities
and adaptattons, with carefa3iy made plans, and Often
alternate plans, of procedure Thie practice calls
for careful planning and changing of fields fences an
all other inter-related parts of the land use setup.
including the faz'xustead toward i2proved usage end
landscaped beautification.
is best visualized throtzjh
made maps to seal., thS u1tite goal or objectives
shown by the maps and tables often calling for a
time program Wiep finano* az'e limited
Such a px'ogre
3.y
97
FA
!1ANAGELENT
ORIGINAL PLAN
FARM PRODUCTION AND INCOME
FOLMER BODTKER FARM
Based on average production at normal Drices.
nternrise
A'of
Animals
1
Norm1
Z1
yj]d
jyer unit
price
anN
ro's
Lornal
selee income
400.00
HAY AND GRAIN
( ON T E ORIGINAL FARM BEN W
AS USED ON Y FOR HAY
STARTED
D GRAIN SO THE INCOM
EORGANIZNG IT, THE LAND
SNAIL. T}E PLACE HAD
tAS \1ER
BEEN IN THE HANDS OF R NTERS FOR S NE YEARS 13EFORE YOJNG BODTE:4 BOJGHT IT
IN 1936. HE CE, DEVOTE
GROSS INCO
H.D.S.
400.00
OF MORE r
DID NOT GIVE A
)
Carrying Capacity
Paature and no
crop land
Total and net
WAS, I
TO HAY AND GRAIN AS
ead_
46
nioriths
Net Farm Income - 50% gross
FARM PRODUCTION AND INCOME ----
$
400.00
$
REVISED PLAN
FOIMER BODTEER FARM
NO. 1
Based on average production at ôrrncl nrices,
Ave.
Ave.
sold
2400
-
800
4000
BOYSENBERRIES
3 A.
2 A.
6 A.
HENS
600
15 Doz.
CLOVER SEED
240 #
IHEAT
6 A.
6 A.
6 A.
ALFALFA.
6 A.
3
6000 #
8000
48000
9000
1440
total and net
-
25%
-
18%
240
FED
30 BU.
180
FED
21
FED
-
_j
head
Net Farm Income
Table I
240.00
480.00
2400.00
2250.00
259.00
6%
5%
Carrying Capacity
46
Normal gross
scies income
10%+
I
( B0YENBERRIES0BEIRRIGA.FED)
Pasture end non
crop land
price
[
40 BIJ.
TON
Normal
ted r
yield
FILBERTS
CHERRIES
CORN
Aert.
total
Enterprise
Animals
Ave.
yield
per unit
Acres or
50
mouths
gross
4
5629.00
2814.50
te
PLAr4S PREPARED BY
PROcESSORS OF FARM MANAGEMENT
H. 0 SCU0DER & G W. PWHLMAN
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
STANLEY MC CLURO SENIOR STUDENT
HO
VIEI°
OREGON SlATE COLLEGE
OR%GNAL PLAN OFFARM
ApPlY
\
ARNOLD N. BODTKER GRADUATE STUCENT
7
/ t/
/'/'
/
/,/
/"
/
//
//.
/ ////
/
//
//
/
//
///
00
1936
200
SCALE
I
400
500
DEPARTMENT OF FARM MANAGEMENT
300
150
:r
arn
Foutryhous
Srccdprhnuse
LANE COUNTY. OREGON
R 4W I MILE EAST OF JUNCTION CITY
46 ACRES LOCATED IN SECTION 33, T IS S.
FOLMER BODTKER
FARM OF
5
4.
.
2. W'5ed
5
PLAN
CLOVER
FIELD 2-5.55.
PLANS PRERED BY
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
H. 0. SCUDOER B 0. W. KUI4LMAN
Pyteuo,s Of Fovm MSAOUNIRSAI
NO. I
o
CORN
WHEAT
FIELD I
A.
ALFALFA
937
500
SCALE
ISO'
400
500
2
k
C!
5. A.
SWEET
CHERRIES
KALE
4
DEPARTMENT OF FARM MANAGEMENT
300
I
100
FIELD 4 - 5.5 A.
YOUNSSERRIEI B SOYSENSERRIES
S ACRES
00
FIELD S-NSA.
OREGON STATE COLLEGE
REVISEO PLAN 0F FARM
/
/;
/
ARNOLD N. BOOTKER, Grsdusls Sudsst
HAROLD BILKEY, Sanlop Studlnt
/
/
1/
/
//
'
/
// ,- // /,
/ /c
// ///I//j
-, /
/
/ / //
LJ
FARM OF
FOLUER 000TKER
Brooder House
Lsyer House
BarS
DweIIin
LANE COUNTY, ORESOW
45 ACRES LOCATED IN SECTION 33. TINS.
R 4*. I NILE EAST OF jUNCTION CITY
3.2 &
Fl LIEN 15
I
3
2. Geree
BuiIdin
P,ot.e,orn of Po,m Monoq.m.nt
H.O.SCUDDER G G.W.KUHLMAN
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OP
ARNOLD N. BODTKER, GroduOts Student
PLANS PREPARED BY
PLAN NO.2
OREGON STATE COLLEGE
REVISED PLAN OFFARM
--
I
zoo
500
460
ç)
KALE
DEPARTMENT OF FARM MANAGEMENT
zoo
400
fIELD F2-I5.76
WHEAT (Se.d.d I. Ci...)
SCALE IV.. ISO
1937
too
LADINO CI.OVER PASTURE
FIELD PS-. 17.6
E
LJ.
'o.
) FIELD P4
j
brooder House
Layer- House
Iarn
DweIhn
Garage
3
4
2
BuiJdins
I
LANE COUNTY. OREGON.
46 ACRES LOCATED IN SECTION 33. T ISA,
N 4W.- I MfLE EAST OF UNCTIOW CITY
FOLMER BODTKCR
(S..d.d to CI...,)
WHEAT
FIELD FI-3.2A
'(
4-
PASTURE -3.6
(OroouHy)
OftCGON
STATE
COLL(G
937
DCTMENT O
Fft
MANAGLMNT
0