Internal Commands
COPY and TYPE
Ch 5
1
Overview
Will review file-naming rules.
Ch 5
2
Overview
Will learn some internal
commands that can be used
to manage and manipulate
files.
Ch 5
3
Overview
The value of creating and
using dummy files will be
explained.
Ch 5
4
Overview
Will experience naming,
managing, manipulating,
viewing, and printing files.
Ch 5
5
Overview
Use COPY and TYPE
commands to perform
various tasks.
Ch 5
6
Overview
Both concatenation and the
consequences of overwriting
files will be discussed.
Ch 5
7
Why Learn Command
Line Commands?
Review of directory management
commands:
 MD
 CD
 RD
Ch 5
8
Why Learn Command
Line Commands?
Directories:
Largest units of information
management
Used to organize programs and
data files
Ch 5
9
Why Learn Command
Line Commands?
 Need to know how to manage
information at the file level.
 Managing files different from
creating/changing data within
files.
Ch 5
10
Why Learn Command
Line Commands?
Using the command line will help
you understand:
 File manipulation
 Disk and subdirectory structure
Ch 5
11
Why Learn Command
Line Commands?
Some tasks are done easier
and faster at the command line.
Ch 5
12
Why Learn Command
Line Commands?
Internal file-management commands:
 DIR
 COPY
 REN
 DEL
 TYPE
Ch 5
13
The COPY Command
COPY command:
Used to copy files from one
place to another
Ch 5
14
The COPY Command
Reasons for copying files:
 Copy files from one disk to another
 Make second copy to existing file on same
disk
 Copy file to device
 Making changes of existing file with
program that created it
 Create backup copy of various data files
Ch 5
15
The COPY Command
COPY command syntax:
COPY [parameters] [drive:] [path]
filename [drive:] [path] filename
[parameters]
Ch 5
16
The COPY Command
Conceptually the syntax is:
COPY source destination
Ch 5
17
Review of File-Naming Rules
File-naming Rules:
 Names of files in directory must be
unique.
 No names can be longer than 255
characters, including file extensions.
 File extensions are optional.
Ch 5
18
Review of File-Naming Rules
File-naming Rules:
 File name must be separated from its
extension with a period, called a dot.
 All alphanumeric characters can be used
in file names and extensions, except the
following illegal characters:
“ / \ : | < > *?+
Ch 5
19
Review of File-Naming
Rules
Program files:
 Named by programmer
 Commonly have .COM, .EXE, or
.BAT extensions
Ch 5
20
Review of File-Naming
Rules
Naming data files:
 Use names that reflect file contents
 Extensions usually specify type of file
 Most application programs assign file
extension to data files
Ch 5
21
Activity—Making
Copies of Files
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Function keys correct typing errors
 Function of first \ and second \
 Function of dot (.) between file name
and file extension
 : lets operating system know that the
destination is a drive
Ch 5
22
Activity—Making
Copies of Files
KEY CONCEPTS:
Executed several COPY commands
Used DIR to confirm files copied
 Copy and rename files
 On command line - one step
 Windows Explorer and My Computer
- two steps
Ch 5
23
Using Long File Names
Floppy disk:
 Long file names - only when
necessary
 Room for 224 files on Directory Table
 Uses old FAT16 file system
Ch 5
24
Using Long File Names
Floppy disk:
 Designed to hold files with 8.3
rules
 Directory table full - cannot add
files to disk (even if there is room)
Ch 5
25
Using Long File Names
Fig 5.1 Two Directory Tables p. 192
Ch 5
26
Using Long File Names
 At command line enclose entire file
name in quotes if it has spaces.
 Use /X with DIR to see both short
and long name in directory.
Ch 5
27
Using Long File Names
Fig 5.2 Directory Showing Short and Long File Names p. 192
Ch 5
28
Using Long File Names
For long files names, it is helpful
to have meaningful and unique
characters within the first six
characters of the name.
Ch 5
29
Activity—Copying Files
with Long File Names
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Copied file to data disk
 Operating system assigned alias (8.3
file name)
Ch 5
30
Using Wildcards with the
COPY Command
Using wildcards (* and ?) with
the COPY command to copy
files can reduce the number of
commands that have to be
typed in.
Ch 5
31
Using Wildcards with the
COPY Command
Wildcards used:
 With DIR and COPY commands
 To change destination name
Ch 5
32
Activity—Using Wildcards
with COPY Command
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Use wildcards to save time when:
 Copying files
 Viewing files
If NTFS is file system - copy will copy
files in alphabetical order
Ch 5
33
The TYPE Command
TYPE command:
 Internal command
 Opens/displays contents of file on
screen
DIR - displays what files are on disk
 Must be text/ASCII file for data to be
meaningful and readable
Ch 5
34
The TYPE Command
TYPE command syntax:
TYPE [drive:] [path] filename
Ch 5
35
Activity—Displaying Files
Using TYPE Command
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Text files/ASCII files
 Recognizing executable code files by
file extensions
 Support files
 Format - how data is arranged
Ch 5
36
Dummy Files
Dummy files:
 Files without particular meaning
 Usually created for test purposes
 Usually smaller and are samples
Ch 5
37
Activity—Using the Copy
and Type Commands
KEY CONCEPTS:
TYPE can use more than one
parameter
DIR - displays current files on disks
TYPE - displays contents of one file
at a time
Ch 5
38
Making Additional Files
on the Same Disk
Can have two files with identical contents
on same disk:
Including same name - if files kept in
different subdirectories
In same subdirectory - if the names of
the files are different.
Ch 5
39
Activity - Using COPY Command
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Review use of:
 MD and <DIR> (including syntax)
 Naming subdirectories
 First backslash (\), other (\)
 Dot (.) and double dot (. .)
 Absolute/relative paths
COPY command
Use of wildcards with TYPE
command
Ch 5
40
Using Wildcards with the
COPY Command
Wildcards can be used to copy
files in the same drive to a
different subdirectory.
Ch 5
41
Using Wildcards with the
COPY Command
It is crucial that syntax is
NEVER altered.
COPY source destination
Ch 5
42
Using Wildcards with the
COPY Command
Files can be “misplaced”:
 Computers always follow
commands
 User must know what the
computer was told to do
Ch 5
43
Activity—Using Wildcards
with the COPY command
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Copying/naming files with COPY
command
 Compare moving/renaming files using
GUI vs. doing it at the command line
Ch 5
44
Using COPY and DIR
with Subdirectories
 COPY command can place file in
subdirectories.
 DIR command can be used to see if
files were copied.
Ch 5
45
Activity—Using COPY
with Subdirectories
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Importance of spacing when keying in
commands (COPY command spacing)
 Use of \ - as a root, as a delimiter
 When to use absolute/ relative path
 Changing directories
 Using DIR to locate files
Ch 5
46
Using Subdirectory Markers
with the COPY Command
Can use shortcuts to write
commands:
 Dot (.)
 Double dot (..)
Ch 5
47
Using Subdirectory Markers
with the COPY Command
 The .. represents parent of current
directory.
 Only directory that does not have a
parent is the root directory.
Ch 5
48
Activity—Using Shortcuts: The
Subdirectory Marker
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Child vs. parent directory
 Absolute path
 Using . .
 Using \ as a delimiter
Ch 5
49
Overwriting Files with the
COPY Command
Each file must have a unique
name on same disk and
subdirectory.
Ch 5
50
Overwriting Files with the
COPY Command
Overwrite:
 Old data replaced by new data
Ch 5
51
Overwriting Files with the
COPY Command
Fig 5.4 Overwriting Files p. 264
Ch 5
52
Overwriting Files with the
COPY Command
 Overwrite files on regular basis as
you want to backup files.
 Now Windows informs user that an
overwrite will occur.
Ch 5
53
Activity—Overwriting Files
Using COPY Command
KEY CONCEPTS:
 When overwriting is not allowed
 Confirmation prior to overwriting
Ch 5
54
Combining Text Files with
the COPY Command
Concatenation is creating
another file by combining
contents of two or more text
(ASCII) files.
Ch 5
55
Combining Text Files with
the COPY Command
Concatenation should never be
done with program files, or
with data files generated by
programs.
Ch 5
56
Combining Text Files with
the COPY Command
To avoid accidental
concatenation of files, read all
messages DOS displays on the
screen.
Ch 5
57
Combining Text Files with
the COPY Command
 COPY syntax never changes:
 COPY source destination
 Plus sign (+) between source files tells
OS that you are joining files.
 Two or more items separated by pipe
symbol (|) - either/or choice
Ch 5
58
Activity—Combining Files
Using the COPY Command
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Where
spaces are in COPY command
 Join text files with plus sign
 Never concatenate:
 Program files
 Data files created with application programs
 Read messages
Only text files can be combined
 Wildcards can beChused
5
59
Printing Files
 Have not printed contents of any file.
 May have:
 Redirected output to printer using:
 DIR command
 TYPE command
 Copied file to printer
Ch 5
60
Printing Files
PRINT command:
 Prints contents of files
 Automatically ejects pages
 Works only for ASCII files
Ch 5
61
Printing Files
Data files generated by
application programs can only
be printed from within
application program.
Ch 5
62
Printing Files
Reasons for printing ASCII files:
 Need hard copy of configuration
information on computer
 Verify if printer problem is a
software problem
Ch 5
63
Printing Files
Three ways to print a text file from
the command line:
 Use PRINT command
 Use redirection with DIR
command
 Copy contents of file to printer
Ch 5
64
Printing Files
PRINT command syntax:
PRINT [D:device] [[drive:] [path] filename […]]
Ch 5
65
Printing in a Lab
Environment
Printing is complicated
without a local printer.
Ch 5
66
Activity- Setting Up Printing
in a Lab Environment
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Created shortcut to enable printing on
the desktop
 Created second shortcut on desktop to
disable command line printing
Ch 5
67
Activity—Printing Files
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Print job
 Status report
 Can direct output to screen or another
device
 Cannot use redirection with COPY
command
Ch 5
68