DCA Code List Revision Notes August 6, 2015 1
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DCA Code List Revision Notes August 6, 2015 1 Damage Causal Agent Code Changes August 2015. This document describes changes to the Damage Causal Agent (DCA) list occurring over the past year. The list was recently reviewed by the National Pathologist and National Entomologist of the Forest Health Protection unit of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Changes to the list include: • • • • Addition of new agents Retirement of agents (and “non-agents”) Reclassification of agents into appropriate categories. Corrections to agent names Following the discussion of list changes is some clarifying discussion regarding declines and complexes Changes to Categorization of Agents Table 1 depicts the old and new categorizations used in the DCA list. Categories undergoing significant changes (those in bold) are described in Table 2. Table 1. Old and new DCA categories Category Code 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 41 42 50 70 71 80 DCA series 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 25000 26000 27000 28000 29000 30000 41000 42000 50000 70000 71000 80000 Description old (prior to 2015) Description new (Current) General Insects Bark Beetles Defoliators Chewing Insects Sap Feeding Insects Boring Insects Seed/Cone/Flower/Fruit Insects Gallmaker Insects Insect Predators General Diseases Biotic Damage Root/Butt Diseases Stem Decays/Cankers Parasitic/Epiphytic Plants Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Foliage Diseases Stem Rusts Broom Rusts Terminal, Shoot, and Twig Insects Root Insects Fire Wild Animals Domestic Animals Abiotic Damage Human Activities Harvest Multi-Damage (Insect/Disease) Miscellaneous Insects and Allies Bark Beetles Defoliators Other Chewing Insects and Allies Sap Feeders Wood Borers Seed/Cone/Flower/Fruit Feeders Gallmakers Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders <Retired> Miscellaneous Diseases Root Diseases / Decay Cankers Parasitic Higher Plants Wilts Foliage and Shoot Diseases Rusts <Retired> <Retired> Declines Fire Wild Animals Domestic Animals Abiotic Agents Human Activities Harvest Multi-Agent "Complexes" DCA Code List Revision Notes August 6, 2015 2 Table 2. Description of changes to DCA code list categories Old Description (prior to 2015) Current (New) Description Notes 18 DCA series 18000 Insect Predators 19 20 19000 20000 General Diseases Biotic Damage Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders <Retired> Miscellaneous Diseases 21 22 24 25 26 21000 22000 24000 25000 26000 Root/Butt Diseases Stem Decays/Cankers Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Foliage Diseases Stem Rusts Root Diseases / Decay Cankers Wilts Foliage and Shoot Diseases Rusts 27 28 27000 28000 Broom Rusts Terminal, Shoot, and Twig Insects <Retired> <Retired> 29 29000 Root Insects Declines 80 80000 Multi-Damage (Insect/Disease) Multi-Agent "Complexes" Predatory insects moved to miscellaneous category [10000], under subheading 10600 Unneeded category Category includes bacteria, viruses and other miscellaneous diseases Category now includes the stem decays from 22000 Category now contains only cankers Category now contains only wilts Now only foliage diseases Stem rusts and broom rusts combined into this one “Rust” category Moved to 26000; category now unneeded Terminal insects [27000, 28000] combined and moved to 18000. Category now unneeded. This new category is for "true" declines. Currently contains 4 declines: Oak Decline, Maple Decline, Yellow Cedar Decline and Sudden Aspen Decline For multi-agent amalgamations that do not conveniently fit into other categories. Currently contains only root disease and beetle complex and ash yellows.* Category Code * see discussion on Declines and Complexes DCA Code List Revision Notes August 6, 2015 3 Movement of Agents to Appropriate Categories Because of the changes to the meaning of categories, some agents needed to be moved into a new DCA number series so that they resided in correct categories. Table 3 provides a listing for the 131 agents that were re-assigned to new DCA codes. Table 3. Agents whose DCA code has been re-assigned Previous (Old) DCA_Cod e 10001 10002 10004 10005 10006 10007 10008 10009 10012 10013 10014 10015 10016 10017 10019 10020 10021 10023 11051 11058 12027 12045 12060 12099 12118 12189 13004 13007 13010 New (Current) DCA_Cod e 12233 18006 12224 12225 12226 10601 13032 12227 12228 12229 18007 13033 18008 12230 18009 14091 13034 15106 15107 15108 14094 14095 16055 10025 14096 18010 12231 10024 18011 Common Name Scientific Name New (Current) Category Old Category thrips pine tip moths Chinese rose beetle rose beetle coconut hispid beetle clerid beetle weevil green rose chafer stick insect <Hulodes caranea> conifer swift moth Caroline shortnosed weevil coconut rhinoceros beetle bagworm moth scarab ash whitefly conifer seedling weevil horntails striped ambrosia beetle redbay ambrosia beetle coconut scale leafhopper spruce coneworm blister beetle California tortoiseshell june beetle Palau coconut beetle Eurytomid wasps pales weevil <Thysanoptera> <pine tip moths> Adoretus sinicus Adoretus versutus Brontispa longissima <Cleridae> <Curculionidae> Dichelonyx backi Graeffea crouanii Hulodes caranea Korsheltellus gracilis Lophothetes spp. Oryctes rhinoceros <Psychidae> <Scarabaeidae> Siphoninus phillyreae Steremnius carinatus <Siricidae> Trypodendron lineatum Xyleborus glabratus Aspidiotus destructor <Cicadellidae> Dioryctria reniculelloides <Meloidae> Nymphalis californica Phyllophaga spp. Brontispa palauenis Eurytoma spp. Hylobius pales Defoliators Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Defoliators Defoliators Defoliators Miscellaneous Insects and Allies Other Chewing Insects and Allies Defoliators Defoliators Defoliators Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Other Chewing Insects and Allies Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Defoliators Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Sap Feeders Other Chewing Insects and Allies Wood Borers Wood Borers Wood Borers Sap Feeders Sap Feeders Seed/Cone/Flower/Fruit Feeders Miscellaneous Insects and Allies Sap Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Defoliators Miscellaneous Insects and Allies Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects General Insects Bark Beetles Bark Beetles Defoliators Defoliators Defoliators Defoliators Defoliators Defoliators Chewing Insects Chewing Insects Chewing Insects DCA Code List Revision Notes Previous (Old) DCA_Cod e 13012 13020 13021 13025 13026 13028 13029 13030 14041 13006 15015 15020 15021 15023 15024 15028 15029 15033 15034 15036 15050 15051 15063 15064 15065 15066 15067 15080 15083 18001 18002 18003 18004 18005 20003 21024 New (Current) DCA_Cod e 18012 18013 18014 12232 14093 18015 18016 18017 18018 18039 18019 18020 18021 18022 18023 18024 18025 18026 18027 14097 18028 18029 18030 18031 18032 18033 18034 18035 18036 10602 10603 10604 10605 10606 23025 22090 August 6, 2015 4 Common Name Scientific Name New (Current) Category Old Category periodical cicada northern pitch twig moth ponderosa pine tip moth madrone thrips ash plant bug pitch-eating weevil eastern pine weevil adana tip moth twig girdler cicadas cranberry girdler pine reproduction weevil Douglas-fir twig weevil oak twig borers twig pruner eastern pine shoot borer western pine shoot borer pine root collar weevil Warren root collar weevil tarnished plant bug Engelmann spruce weevil lodgepole terminal weevil European pine shoot moth western pine tip moth Nantucket pine tip moth lodgepole pine tip moth southwestern pine tip moth subtropical pine tip moth cottonwood twig borer lacewings blackbellied clerid redbellied clerid red wood ant western yellowjacket love vine, greek kasytas crown gall Magicicada septendecim Petrova albicapitana Rhyacionia zozana Thrips madronii Tropidosteptes amoenus Pachylobius picivorus Pissodes nemorensis Rhyacionia adana Oncideres cingulata <Cicadidae> Chrysoteuchia topiaria Cylindrocopturus eatoni Cylindrocopturus furnissi Anelaphus spp. Anelaphus villosus Eucosma gloriola Eucosma sonomana Hylobius radicis Hylobius warreni Lygus lineolaris Pissodes strobi Pissodes terminalis Rhyacionia buoliana Rhyacionia bushnelli Rhyacionia frustrana Rhyacionia montana Rhyacionia neomexicana Rhyacionia subtropica Gypsonoma haimbachiana <lacewings> Enoclerus lecontei Enoclerus sphegeus Formica rufa Vespula pennsylvanica Cassytha filiformis Agrobacterium tumefaciens Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Defoliators Sap Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Sap Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Miscellaneous Insects and Allies Miscellaneous Insects and Allies Miscellaneous Insects and Allies Miscellaneous Insects and Allies Miscellaneous Insects and Allies Parasitic Higher Plants Cankers Chewing Insects Chewing Insects Chewing Insects Chewing Insects Chewing Insects Chewing Insects Chewing Insects Chewing Insects Sap Feeding Insects Chewing Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Boring Insects Insect Predators Insect Predators Insect Predators Insect Predators Insect Predators Biotic Damage Root/Butt Diseases DCA Code List Revision Notes Previous (Old) DCA_Cod e 21028 22001 22002 22003 22005 22024 22027 22028 22031 New (Current) DCA_Cod e 22091 21039 21040 21041 20005 21042 21043 21044 21045 22035 26015 22036 26016 22039 22040 22044 22047 22048 22049 22062 22063 22064 22065 22066 22067 22068 22069 22070 22071 22072 22074 22079 22081 21046 21047 21048 21049 21050 21051 21052 21053 21054 21055 21056 21057 21058 21059 21060 21061 21062 21063 21064 21065 22083 21066 24001 29001 August 6, 2015 5 Common Name Scientific Name New (Current) Category Old Category sudden oak death heart rot stem rot sap rot virus gray brown sap rot red rot Indian paint fungus Fusarium cortical stem rot amelanchier rust Phytophthora ramorum <heart rot> <stem rot> <sap rot> <virus> Cryptoporus volvatus Dichomitus squalens Echinodontium tinctorium Gibberella avenacea Gymnosporangium harknessianum Gymnosporangium juniperivirginianae Inonotus hispidus Inonotus obliquus Perenniporia fraxinophila Porodaedalea pini Phellinus tremulae Phellinus weirianus Laricifomes officinalis Coniophora puteana Fomes fomentarius Trichaptum abietinum Leptographium wageneri Phellinus hartigii Phellinus igniarius Fomitiporia robusta Pholiota alnicola Pleurotus ostreatus Physisporinus rivulosus Postia serieomollis Inonotus glomeratus Piptoporus betulinus Porodaedalea cancriformans <yellow-cedar decline> Cankers Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Miscellaneous Diseases Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Rusts Root/Butt Diseases Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Rusts Stem Decays/Cankers Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Root Diseases / Decay Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Stem Decays/Cankers Declines Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts cedar apple rust canker rot of oak spongy white birch tree rot ash heart rot red ring rot aspen trunk rot stem decay of black walnut brown trunk rot / quinine fungus wet rot / cellar fungus tinder fungus purple conk pinyon black stain root disease white trunk rot of conifers false tinder fungus robustus conk yellow cap fungus oyster mushroom white ring rot cedar brown pocket rot sterile conk of maple and beech birch conk red ring rot canker yellow-cedar decline DCA Code List Revision Notes Previous (Old) DCA_Cod e New (Current) DCA_Cod e 24004 80006 24006 20006 24007 80300 24009 12234 24013 29003 24014 29004 24018 20007 24023 21067 24026 25081 24030 20008 24032 29002 25007 25008 20009 20010 25013 26017 25015 25017 25023 25037 25048 25049 25058 25065 26018 26019 20011 26020 26021 26022 22092 26023 25066 26024 25068 26025 August 6, 2015 6 Common Name Scientific Name New (Current) Category Old Category ash yellows Multi-Agent "Complexes" maple decline Candidatus phytoplasma fraxini CCCvd (246-mecleotide form) <other pest complex, known (code pending)> <fall hardwood defoliator complex> <maple decline> oak decline <oak decline> Declines western X-disease phytoplasma western X-disease phytoplasma Enterobacter nimipressuralis Xylella fastidiosa Miscellaneous Diseases Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi <sudden aspen decline> Miscellaneous Diseases <tobacco mosaic virus> Nepovirus TRSV Chrysomyxa ledicola Miscellaneous Diseases Miscellaneous Diseases Rusts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Decline Complexes/Dieback/Wilts Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Coleosporium asterum Cronartium arizonicum Erwinia amylovora Melampsora medusae Puccinia sparganioides Pucciniastrum spp. Sphaeropsis sapinea Chrysomyxa weirii Gymnosporangium nootkatense Melampsora spp. Rusts Rusts Miscellaneous Diseases Rusts Rusts Rusts Cankers Rusts Rusts Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Rusts Foliage Diseases coconut cadang-cadang viroid other pest complex, known (code pending) fall hardwood defoliator complex bacterial wetwood bacterial leaf scorch elm phloem necrosis sudden aspen decline tobacco mosaic virus tobacco ringspot virus large-spored spruce-Labrador tea rust pine needle rust Coronado limb rust fire blight Douglas-fir rust ash rust fir and hemlock rusts Diplodia canker spruce needle rust yellow cypress rust leaf rusts of hardwoods Miscellaneous Diseases Multi-Agent "Complexes" Defoliators Declines Root Diseases / Decay Foliage and Shoot Diseases Declines DCA Code List Revision Notes Previous (Old) DCA_Cod e 25070 25078 25079 27001 27002 New (Current) DCA_Cod e 26026 26027 26028 26029 26030 27003 26031 27004 26032 28001 18037 28002 18038 August 6, 2015 7 Common Name Scientific Name New (Current) Category Old Category hemlock needle rust Eurasian poplar leaf rust 'ohia / guava rust spruce broom rust incense-cedar broom rust juniper broom rust Rusts Rusts Rusts Rusts Rusts Rusts Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Foliage Diseases Broom Rusts Broom Rusts Broom Rusts Rusts Broom Rusts pine shoot beetle Naohidemyces vaccinii Melampsora larici-populina Puccinia psidii Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Gymnosporangium libocedri Gymnosporangium nidusavis Melampsorella caryophyllacearum Tomicus piniperda Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders palmetto weevil Rynchophorus cruentatus Terminal Shoot, Twig, and Root Feeders Terminal, Shoot, and Twig Insects Terminal, Shoot, and Twig Insects yellow witches-broom of fir Retirement of Agents A number of agents in the list have been retired. Retired codes are no longer available for use, and are not included in published lists of currently valid codes. Note that retired codes are not “reused” in the future, so historical records using a retired code retain their original meaning. (In other words, retired codes are unavailable for use in the future, yet retain their original meaning for use retrospectively.) Table 4 presents all of the DCA code list retirements over the life of the list. Most of the retirements are recent. Recent retirements result from: • • • • Agents that are not true damage agents but are actually damage types Codes that are meant to be used as “headings” only (i.e. the broad-level heading codes) Duplicate agents Obsolete agents Since the DCA list is for damage agents, per se, damage types that heretofore existed in the list (e.g. “forked top”) have been retired. The category headings have been retired: historically they had been used when an agent was unknown. In such cases, the appropriate coding methodology is (and was) to use the -900 series code under each category, e.g. 11900 for “unknown bark beetle” instead of “11000” “bark beetle”. All categories now contain -800 and -900 series codes (for other <category> known, or unknown <category>, respectively). Category DCA Code List Revision Notes August 6, 2015 8 heading-level codes are no longer available for use as valid DCA codes. Duplicate agents have been retired, as have a few obsolete or neverrecorded agents. (Table 4) Table 4. Retired DCA agents. The Alternative Code field represents how the retired agent should be coded in the future. In most cases, the alternative provided is a perfect substitute (e.g. in the case of duplicates); in other cases it is a suggestion to a more appropriate classification. A “-9999” in the Alternative Code field signifies no alternative code is suggested. DCA Code 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 25000 26000 29000 30000 41000 42000 50000 70000 80000 10018 10022 10600 11999 12063 12156 14047 16048 Common Name Scientific Name Rationale miscellaneous insects and allies bark beetles defoliators other chewing insects and allies sap feeders wood borers seed/cone/flower/fruit feeders gallmakers terminal shoot, twig, and root feeders miscellaneous diseases root diseases/decay cankers parasitic higher plants wilts foliage and shoot diseases rusts declines fire wild animals domestic animals abiotic agents human activities multi-agent "complexes" coconut palm weevil pyralid moth predatory insects and allies western bark beetle complex spruce needleminer willow defoliation white pine adelgid coneworm <miscellaneous insects and allies> <Scolytinae> <defoliators> <other chewing insects and allies> <sap feeders> <wood borers> <seed/cone/flower/fruit feeders> <gallmakers> <terminal shoot, twig, and root feeders> <miscellaneous diseases> Root Diseases/Decay <cankers> <parasitic higher plants> <wilts> <foliage and shoot diseases> <rusts> <declines> <fire> <wild animals> <domestic animals> <abiotic agents> <human activities> <multi-agent "complexes"> Rhabdoscelus asperipennis Thliptoceras octoquttale <predatory insects and allies> <western bark beetle complex> Endothenia albolineana <Tortricidae> [willow defoliation] Pineus spp. Hylemia spp. Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Heading Duplicate. Use 15061 Retired. Never used Subheading Retired. Unspecified agents Duplicate. Use 12150 (Taniva albolineana). Damage type Genus-level record. Use the species 14048 (Pineus strobi). Obsolete. Possible alternatives include 16045 and 16046. Alternative Code 10900 11900 12900 13900 14900 15900 16900 17900 18900 90000 21900 22900 23900 24900 25900 26900 90000 30001 41900 42900 50900 70100 90000 15061 -9999 -9999 11900 12150 90000 14048 -9999 DCA Code List Revision Notes DCA Code 17018 19000 20004 21018 21032 21700 22004 22059 22061 22084 22700 23002 24002 24003 24005 24008 24010 24011 24012 24015 24016 24017 24027 24028 24029 25002 25003 25053 25062 25064 27000 27800 27900 28000 30003 30004 80001 80002 August 6, 2015 9 Common Name Scientific Name Rationale gouty pitch midge general diseases hemlock fluting Phytophthora root rot retired root or butt decay (indicators present) slime flux red belt fungus / brown crumbly rot sooty bark canker Douglas-fir cankers canker (general) parasitic plants Norfolk Island pine decline Stillwell's syndrome birch dieback decline complex joga decline larch decline looper abiotic complex pingelap disease sprout dieback true fir pest complex wetwood hemlock decline Pacific madrone decline broom rust juniper blights Rhizopus rot Dothistroma needle blight broom rust broom rusts other broom rust (known) unknown broom rust boring insects - shoot and twig crown fire damage ground fire damage aspen defoliation subalpine fir mortality complex Cecidomyia piniinopis <general diseases> <hemlock fluting> Phytophthora cinnamomi <retired> <root or butt decay (indicators present)> <slime flux> Fomitopsis pinicola Phibalis singulare <Douglas-fir cankers> <canker (general)> <parasitic plants> <Norfolk Island pine decline> <Stillwell's syndrome> <birch dieback> <decline complex> <joga decline> <larch decline> <looper abiotic complex> <pingelap disease> <sprout dieback> <true fir pest complex> <wetwood> <hemlock decline> <Pacific madrone decline> <none> <juniper blights> Rhizopus stolonifer var. stolonifer Dothistroma septospora Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli <broom rusts> <other broom rust (known)> <unknown broom rust> <boring insects - shoot and twig> <crown fire damage> <ground fire damage> <aspen defoliation> <subalpine fir mortality complex> Duplicate. Use 15011 Retired Damage type Duplicate: use 21019 Never used Duplicate. Use 21900 Duplicate. Use 21067 Duplicate. Use 21004 Duplicate: use 22029: Encoelia pruinosa. Unspecified agent Unspecified. Use 22900 Unspecified agent. Use 23900 Unspecified agent(s); not a true decline Retired. Obsolete. Damage type Unspecified agent(s); not a true decline Unspecified agent(s); not a true decline Unspecified agent(s); not a true decline Unspecified agent(s); not a true complex Retired. Obsolete Damage type Unspecified agent(s); not a true complex Duplicate. Use 21067 Unspecified agent(s); not a true decline Unspecified agent(s); not a true decline Duplicate. Use 26900 Duplicate. Use 25001 Retired. Never used Duplicate: use 25040: Mycosphaerella pini. Duplicate: use 27001 Category is retired Category is retired Category is retired Category is retired Redundant Redundant Damage type Unspecified agent(s); not a true complex Alternative Code 15011 90000 -9999 21019 -9999 21900 21067 21004 22029 22900 22900 23900 90000 -9999 90000 90000 90000 90000 -9999 -9999 90000 90000 21067 90000 90000 26900 25001 -9999 25040 26029 26900 26800 26900 18900 30001 30001 90000 90000 DCA Code List Revision Notes DCA Code 80003 80004 90001 90002 90003 90004 90005 90006 90007 90008 90009 90010 90011 90012 90013 August 6, 2015 10 Common Name Scientific Name Rationale five-needle pine decline pinyon pine mortality broken top dead top limby / wolf tree forked top forked below merch top crook or sweep checks, bole cracks foliage discoloration mortality dieback open wound resinosis broken branches <five-needle pine decline> <pinyon pine mortality> <broken top> <dead top> <limby / wolf tree> <forked top> <forked below merch top> <crook or sweep> <checks, bole cracks> <foliage discoloration> <mortality> <dieback> <open wound> <resinosis> <broken branches> Unspecified agent(s); not a true decline Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Damage type Alternative Code 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 90000 DCA Code List Revision Notes August 6, 2015 New Agents Thirty three new agents (plus one “sub-heading”) have been added to the DCA list (Table 5) DCA_Code 10600* 10800 Common_Name Scientific_Name predatory insects and allies <predatory insects and allies> other miscellaneous insect or ally, known (code <other miscellaneous insect or ally, known (code pending) pending)> 10801 other predatory insect or ally (known) <other predatory insect or ally (known)> 10900 unknown miscellaneous insect or ally <unknown miscellaneous insect or ally> 10901 unknown predator insect or ally <unknown predator insect or ally> 11067 aspen bark beetle (Trypophloeus) Trypophloeus populi 11068 aspen bark beetle (Procryphalus) Procryphalus mucronatus 12235 aroga moth Aroga websteri 12236 aspen twoleaf tier Enargia decolor 12237 early aspen Leafroller Pseudexentera oregonana 12238 cottonwood leafblotch miner Phyllonorycter nipigan 12239 tamarisk leaf beetles Diorhabda spp. 12240 mountain girdle Enypia griseatta 12241 box-elder tussock moth Orgyia leuschneri 12242 spruce budworm (C. orae) Choristoneura orae 14090 spotted lanternfly Lycorma delicatula 15105 oak twig pruner Anelaphus parallelus 15109 eastern poplar buprestid Poecilonota cyanipes 15110 flatheaded poplar borer Dicerca tenebrica 15111 Mexican goldspotted oak borer Agrilus coxalis 17024 crypt gall wasp Callirhytis ceropteroides 18800 other terminal shoot, twig, or root feeder, known <other terminal shoot, twig, or root feeder, known (code pending) (code pending)> 18900 unknown terminal shoot, twig, or root feeder <unknown terminal shoot, twig, or root feeder> 21068 artist's conk Ganoderma applanatum 21069 Phytophthora spp. <Phytophthora spp.> 22093 eutypella canker of maple Eutypella parasitica 23800 other parasitic plant, known (code pending) <other parasitic plant, known (code pending)> 23900 unknown parasitic plant <unknown parasitic plant> 24034 rapid 'ohia death Ceratocystis fimbriata 25082 leaf blister of maple Taphrina carveri 25083 Rhizosphaera needle cast (spp. kalkhoffii) Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii 25084** white pine needle damage <white pine needle damage> 50021 freezing injury to roots <freezing injury to roots> 50022 salt damage <salt damage> 70100 other human activities <other human activities> * 10600 is a heading-level code (hence also “retired”) denoting a subcategory under the Miscellaneous Insects and Allies category ** 25084 is an amalgamation of specific defoliator agents found in the NA Region, and not a damage type, per se. 11 DCA Code List Revision Notes August 6, 2015 12 Declines and Complexes Declines Our working definition of decline comes from ideas presented by Manion (1991): a slow, progressive deterioration in health and vigor, primarily affecting a mature cohort of trees, demonstrating decreased growth and increased dieback, and having a complex etiology involving abiotic and biotic factors. • • Decline symptomology is non-specific and not diagnostic. Decline etiology (set of causes) involves: o Predisposing factors: Long-term. Often climate, site, age, genetic predisposition. May not lead to obvious problems, but predispose trees to: o Inciting factors: Short-term. Things like defoliation, frost damage, drought. If not for the predisposing factors, trees would recover quickly, but predisposed tree go into decline and are vulnerable to: o Contributing factors: generally biotic factors such as opportunistic fungi and insects These finish off the tree, but normally wouldn't do so unless the tree was declining. (Above paraphrased from http://www.forestpathology.org/decline.html) The DCA list is a listing of agents. Although declines are not agents per se, we include true declines. Known true declines include: • • • • Maple decline Oak decline Sudden aspen decline Yellow cedar decline The above “true” declines are listed in the DCA list Decline-like syndromes recorded as declines in past surveys include • • • • Five-needle pine decline Hemlock decline Larch decline Pacific madrone decline The etiologies for these are, to our knowledge, are either not known, or are known but the disease is not a true decline, but rather a decline-like syndrome caused simply from an amalgamation of agents. These should be coded with a DCA code corresponding to the known biotic or abiotic agents involved (if the agents involved are known), or coded with appropriate “unknown” agent codes—e.g. -900 series codes or 90000, (unknown); or with 80300 (other pest complex, known (code pending)) if the disease is a pest complex meeting the requirements discussed in the Pest Complex Section, below. DCA Code List Revision Notes August 6, 2015 13 New declines may become evident in the future. Our surveys will help detect them. As their etiologies become elucidated, they will be added to the list of recognized declines. Pest Complexes and Other Multi-agent Amalgamations: Only a few agent complexes exist as records in the DCA list. In addition to the 4 described below, there exists DCA code 80300 (other pest complex, known (code pending)) available for use in specific circumstances. Note that we conceptually distinguish “true” complexes from other multi-agent assemblages. • • When a complex involves a well-documented, identifiable and consistent suite of organisms and where their relationship(s) amongst themselves is obligatory vis-à-vis their interactions with their host tree(s), then such “true” complexes are included in the DCA list. Currently, one such agent complex exist in the DCA list: 22042: beech bark disease complex for use for the “killing front” phase of the disease involving both Cryptococcus fagisuga and Nectria coccinea var. faginata Other multi-agent amalgamations are in general not included in the DCA list, but there are a few rare exceptions to this rule. If the following conditions are met, then the multi-agent assemblages may be included as a separate record in the DCA code list: o the observed syndrome or disease that the assemblage causes is consistently recognizable and attributable to the group; and o the component agents of the amalgamation are sufficiently consistent Meeting both conditions provides evidence that the amalgamation warrants its own code. Currently four such multi-agent records exist in the DCA list: 12234: fall hardwood defoliator complex; used in northern parts of Northeastern Areas Region (R9) for a variety of defoliators commonly co-occurring, including: Heterocampa guttivitta, Heterocampa manteo, other Heterocampa spp., Symmerista canicosta, Symmerista leucitys, Datana ministra, and Dryocampa rubicunda, and favoring American beech, sugar maple, yellow birch, and paper birch. 25084: white pine needle damage; used in northeastern parts of the Northeastern Areas Region (R9) for needle damage in white pine species caused by at least three native, fungal pathogens, usually cooccurring: Lecanosticta acicola, Lophophacidium dooksii, and Bifusella linearis. 80005: root disease and beetle complex; for use primarily in R2 for specific instances of root diseases (primarily Armillaria spp) working intimately with primarily Dryocoetes confusus in Spruce/Fir forest types, frequently in subalpine fir. This code replaces 80002 subalpine fir mortality complex 80006: ash yellows; a disease with only partially-known etiology, involving mycoplasma-like organisms: Candidatus phytoplasma fraxini, and likely other vectors Other multi-agent syndromes/complexes should be coded with DCA code 80300 (other pest complex, known (code pending)) if the complex components are known and the relationships among agents meets criteria outlined above for (at least) other multi-agent amalgamations. The surveyor should DCA Code List Revision Notes August 6, 2015 14 record the component agents in the Notes field whenever DCA 80300 is used. DCA code 90000 should be used in all cases where the agents involved are unknown.
