GEF 4400 / GEF9400
The Earth System
Jón Egill Kristjánsson (Jon Egil)
Kirstin Krüger (Kicki)
Objectives
• Basics of the Earth System with an
emphasis on interactions between its
components (atmosphere, hydrosphere,
cryosphere, biosphere)
• Observed changes in the state of the Earth
System will be presented and discussed
• Current Earth System Models will be
introduced and their capabilities and
limitations will be discussed
• Projected future climate change based on
multi-model simulations will be highlighted
Learning goals
• Have insight into ongoing and projected
changes in the Earth’s climate, and
associated uncertainties
• Be familiar with the methods used in climate
science
• Be familiar with the concept of the Earth
System and key processes governing
interactions between its main components.
• [Have experience in presenting topics in
Earth System Science orally and in written
form]
GEF4400 “The Earth System” – Autumn 2015
24.08.2015
GEF4400 “The Earth System”
Prof. Jón Egill Kristjánsson,
Prof. Kirstin Krüger (UiO)
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•
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Lecture/ interactive seminar and field excursion
Teaching language: English
Time and location: Monday 12:15-14:00
Thursday 14:15-16:00, CIENS Glasshallen 2.
Study program
Master of meteorology and oceanography
PhD course for meteorology and oceanography students
Credits and conditions:
The successful completion of the course includes an oral presentation (weight 50%), a
successful completion of the Andøya field excursion (mandatory), a field report, as
well as a final oral examination (50%). Student presentations will be part of the
course.
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GEF4400 “The Earth System” – Autumn 2015
24.08.2015
GEF4400 – time plan
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Choose topic talk: 31 August 2015
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Preparation of topic talks: during September 2015
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How to present – intro: tba
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Topic talk (20 min) is part of the lecture and will be presented within the lecture
time on selected dates. PhD students have to give two topical talks and
additionally have to write a topic summary
Special guest talk: tba
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•
Method: interactive lecture with active participation by the students (oral
presentations, discussions, field excursion)
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Exams: Oral presentation and oral exam, delivery of field report; PhD students
have to give 2 oral presentations and deliver a written topic summary.
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How to write a topic summary: tba.
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GEF4400 “The Earth System” – Autumn 2015
24.08.2015
GEF4400 – material
Lecture slides, presentations and relevant papers and will be put
on the following UiO links, where you can download them:
folk.uio.no/jegill/gef4400
folk.uio.no/kkrueger
• Lecture material:
IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (2013):
“Climate Change 2013: The Physical
Science Basis”
- Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12
- https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
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Time table
Glasshallen 2, CIENS:
Man 12:15-14:00
Tor 14:15-16:00
Chapter 2: Observations - Atmosphere
JEK 24.08.2015
JEK 27.08.2015
Chapter 2: Observations - Atmosphere
JEK 31.08.2015
JEK 03.09.2015
Chapter 4: Cryosphere
JEK 07.09.2015
JEK 10.09.2015
Chapter 3: Observations - Ocean
KK 14.09.2015
KK 17.09.2015
Chapter 3: Observations - Ocean
KK 21.09.2015
KK 24.09.2015
Chapter 6 and Chapter 7
KK 28.09.2015
JEK 01.10.2015
Chapter 7: Clouds and Aerosols
JEK 05.10.2015
JEK 08.10.2015
Chapter 8: Radiative Forcing
JEK 12.10.2015
JEK 15.10.2015
Andøya
JEK 19.10.2015
JEK 22.10.2015
Chapter 8: Radiative Forcing
JEK 26.10.2015
KK 29.10.2015
Chapter 6: Biogeochemistry
KK 02.11.2015
KK 05.11.2015
Chapter 5: Paleoclimate
KK 09.11.2015
KK 12.11.2015
Chapter 12: Long-term Climate Change
KK 16.11.2015
KK 19.11.2015
Chapter 12: Long-term Climate Change
KK 23.11.2015
KK 26.11.2015
Oral Exam: During 1-4 December
IPCC WG1 AR5
[Chapter 1: Introduction: 29 pages (excluding summary and references)]
Chapter 2: Observations - Atmosphere: 73 pages
Chapter 3: Observations - Ocean: 43 pages
Chapter 4: Cryosphere: 48 pages
Chapter 5: Paleoclimate: 68 pages
Chapter 6: Biogeochemistry: 83 pages
Chapter 7: Clouds and Aerosols: 60 pages
Chapter 8: Radiative Forcing: 77 pages
[Chapter 9: Evaluation of Climate Models: 82 pages]
[Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution: 68 pages]
[Chapter 11: Near-term Climate Change: 57 pages]
Chapter 12: Long-term Climate Change: 86 pages
[Chapter 13: Sea-level Change: 84 pages]
[Chapter 14: Climate Phenomena: 68 pages]
Required for admission
• MNHMS0015FS (field safety course)
• GEF 2200 Atmospheric Physics
How-to-present
GEF4400 - 2015
How to present
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How-to-present
GEF4400 - 2015
Presentations should be…
• …not longer than 20 min plus ~15
min for discussions/questions;
• …easy to understand by other
students and an interdisciplinary
audience;
• …an introduction to and summary
of the given topic (provided and
additional literature can be used).
Please provide your presentation as PDF
(alternatively PPT) to us per email
j.e.kristjansson@geo.uio.no or
kkrueger@geo.uio.no .
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How-to-present
GEF4400 - 2015
Your 20 min presentation will be graded.
Criteria include:
• Introduction and Motivation to the topic
• Content; most important points become
clear?
• Organization and Clarity
• Presentation design and timing
• Summary and Discussion (including
answers to the questions)
Soon (tba) you will get more details about
“how to present”.
You will get your mark at the end of the course.
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How-to-present
GEF4400 - 2015
Overall structure of the talk
Beginning part:
• Welcome audience, introduce yourself
• Goal, topic and structure of the presentation
Main part:
• Presentation of the idea (product)
• Present it for the specific audience
Final part:
• Summary/ Discussion
• Recommendations, outlook
• „Thank you“ for attention
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How-to-present
GEF4400 - 2015
Talk preparation (20 min talk):
1. Title (1 slide, ca. 2 min.):
• Title of publication, authors, affiliation (university,
research organization)
• Your name, UiO logo, seminar name, date
• Mention briefly: what is the paper about?
2. Introduction (1 slide, ca. 2 min.):
• Paper background (motivation): why is this topic
relevant?
• Status: what is known so far, introduce basics making it
easier for audience to follow the talk
• Outline (on top/bottom of the slides?)
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How-to-present
GEF4400 - 2015
Talk preparation (20 min talk):
3. Main part (5-6 slides, ca. 14 min.):
- Methods
(data, models used, consider and discuss limitations)
- Results and Interpretation
-central result(s), comparison with earlier work,
differences from other work):
-interpretation: argumentation and consequences,
new findings, etc.)
4. Final part (1 slide, ca. 2 min.):
- Summary of presented results: interpretation,
consequences, discussion, outlook
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How-to-present
GEF4400 - 2015
Talk preparation:
Do’s and don’ts!
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Visibility
please use colors/backgrounds that are easily visible
sometimes a larger font size helps
but sometimes light colors are not better
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Figures
150
100
50
0
0
10
time [sec]
20
30
40
50
60
70
Source et al. (2010)
• Title
• Axis label: size, name (variable), unit
• Reference
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Ein
sagt mehr als tausend Worte.
A
says more than 103 words.
use
instead of
Q: do I want to do this?
if no -> don‘t do it
if yes -> Will it likely end in disaster?
if no -> do it
if yes -> does it make a story?
if no -> don‘t do it
if yes -> do it
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Use of bullet points
cell division rate
[n time-1]
My favorite result
150
100
50
0
0
10
time [sec]
20
30
40
50
60
70
• To remind you of something important
• you can put little bullet points on your slides
• which is better than looking at paper notes
• and it also guides the audience through the most important points.
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Rule of thumb: maximum one slide per minute
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
Slide 4
too fast
0
10
20
time [seconds]
better
0
time [minutes]
2
30
40
50
4
60
70
6
80
90
8
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Stick to your time limit
0
time [minutes]
20
40
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Some examples
- What is good?
- What is not so good?
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How-to-write a topic summary
GEF4400 - 2015
How to write
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How-to-write a topic summary
GEF4400 - 2015
Topic summaries should be…
• …not longer than 2 pages.
• …easy to understand by other
students and yourself.
• …exchange with the topic
presenter.
•…clearly related to the GEF4400
course.
Please provide your summary as a PDF to
us per email jegill@geo.uio.no or
kkrueger@geo.uio.no (delivery date tba).
.
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How-to-write a topic summary
GEF4400 - 2015
Your topic summary written in English
is mandatory for PhD students. You will
get individual feedback back from us.
The following should be included within
2 pages:
• Topic title and name
• Introduction (2-3 sentences)
• Data and Method (short)
• Results including picture(s) (up to 2/3)
• Summary (and Discussion) (up to 1/3)
References (extra listed at the end)
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How-to-write a topic summary
GEF4400 - 2015
What is important for the writing exercise?
• It can be good training for YOUR Master/ PhD thesis.
• Structure: use the given format.
• Content; most important points become clear?
• Writing style: typos and grammar.
• Take home message of the topic becomes
transferred to the readers.
• Clear link to the GEF4400 course.
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How-to-write a topic summary
GEF4400 - 2015
Topic summary format
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2 page limit wo references
Use Arial, 11 pt, 1.0 line spacing, justify single column
Normal size paper edges (2.5 cm edges).
Include title of the topic summary, your name and date.
Include the following sections: 1. Introduction, 2. Data
and Method, 3. Results, 4. Summary/Discussion and
References.
• If including picture(s) they have to be readable and
sharp!
• Use boldface for the section titles.
• Reference go extra, use Arial 10 pt.
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How-to-write a topic summary
GEF4400 - 2015
References
• List alphabetically and then by years:
1. Alfonso et al. (2009) before Alfonso et al. (2010).
2. Add the full co author list, title, journal, volume and
year: e.g. “Robock, A., T. Adams, M. Moore, L. Oman, and G.
Stenchikov (2007), Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation
effects of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
34, L23710, doi:10.1029/2007GL031403.”
• Cited in the text like: „The figure shows…
(Randel et al., 2011)“ or „Randel et al.
(2011) has shown that…“.
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Topic presentations (mentored by KK)
Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean
3.1) Global warming hiatus: IPCC Chapter 3 and updated papers afterwards
3.2) El Nino effects on global climate: IPCC Chapter 3, 1997 El Nino paper(s), current
El Nino development
Chapter 5: Paleoclimate archives
5.1) Polar amplification in the past (IPCC chapter 5, updated papers)
5.2) Can volcanism lead to glaciation? (IPCC chapter 5; Robock et al 2009; Tmmreck et
al 2010; and updated papers)
Chapter 6: Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles
6.1) Causes and relevance of Southern Ocean circulation changes? (IPCC chapter 6;
updated papers; Son et al 2009)
6.2) Causes and relevance of oxygen minimum zones (affected by climate change)?
(IPCC chapter 6 and updated papers since then)
Chapter 12: Long-term climate change
12.1) ENSO changes in a future climate? (IPCC Ch. 12; Cai et al 2014; updated papers)
12.2) tba
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Topic presentations (mentored by JEK)
Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere
2.1) How is the hydrological cycle changing and why?
2.2) Arctic amplification of global warming
Chapter 4: Cryosphere
4.1) The Greenland ice sheet
4.2) Stability of the Antarctic ice sheet
Chapter 7: Clouds and Aerosols
7.1) What is the sign of the Cloud Feedback?
7.2) Basic aspects of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions
Chapter 8: Radiative Forcing
8.1) Has Solar Activity contributed significantly to Global Warming?
8.2) CO2 doubling
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