Personalised Dynamic IMS client
using Widgets
A J O I N T W H I T E PA P E R B Y
TELENOR, LINUS, UBISAFE AND
OSLO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
Do van Thanh, Telenor Research & Innovation
Paal Engelstad, Telenor Research & Innovation
Dao van Tran, Telenor Research & Innovation
Ivar Jørstad, Ubisafe
Elias Bakken, Ubisafe
Do van Thuan, Linus
Tore Jønvik, Oslo University College
Simone Lupetti, Telenor Research & Innovation
Boning Feng, Oslo University College
Sjur Millidahl, Linus
Nicolay Bang, Linus
Einar Edvardsen, Telenor Research & Innovation
Håkon Kjuus, Telenor Research & Innovation
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
Personalised Dynamic IMS client
using Widgets
A JOINT WHITE PAPER BY
TELENOR, LINUS, UBISAFE AND
OSLO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
Do van Thanh, Telenor Research & Innovation
Paal Engelstad, Telenor Research & Innovation
Dao van Tran, Telenor Research & Innovation
Ivar Jørstad, Ubisafe
Elias Bakken, Ubisafe
Do van Thuan, Linus
Tore Jønvik, Oslo University College
Boning Feng, Oslo University College
Simone Lupetti, Telenor Research & Innovation
Sjur Millidahl, Linus
Nicolay Bang, Linus
Einar Edvardsen, Telenor Research & Innovation
Håkon Kjuus, Telenor Research & Innovation
Executive Summary
With the advent of the Web 2.0 people are allowed to communicate, exchange
information and collaborate across time and space in an unprecedented way.
Indeed, a range of new mediated communication forms such as blogs, social
communities, picture-sharing, vlogs, wall-postings, email, etc. has emerged allowing people to communicate easily and rapidly. The few existing IMS clients are still
based on the telephone metaphor which – although popular and successful – is
rather limited. The EUREKA Mobicome project proposes the Personalised Dynamic
IMS client, a novel IMS client architecture which makes use of the widget concept.
A widget is generally speaking a small application implemented using Web 2.0
technologies.
By using widget technology, the Personalised Dynamic IMS client will be able to
support more natural, intuitive and richer communication paradigms as follows:
• Personalised communication services
• Facilitated communications
• Easy integration with other mediated communication forms
On the technical side, IMS widgets have the advantages of being executable on
heterogeneous devices, stationary or mobile, being agnostic of the network
access, and supporting smooth handover between the mobile and the fixed broadband domains, and between usage of both 3GPP-SIP (IMS) and plain IETF-SIP. It
is customizable, easily supports rich communication and provides a uniform user
interface on multiple heterogeneous devices. Briefly, the Personalised Dynamic
IMS client brings benefits to the users, the Telecom operators and the third party
service providers and application developers.
A prototype of the Personalised Dynamic IMS client has successfully been
implemented and will be demonstrated at the GSMA Mobile World Congress in
Barcelona, February 16–19, 2009.
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
1 Introduction
IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) [1][2] is intended to pave the way for the
development and deployment of innovative and attractive services and applications. Unfortunately, until now one of the most crucial components, namely
the IMS client has received very limited attention. In fact, there are only a
few IMS clients which are regrettably built based on the plain-old telephone
metaphor.
With the advent of the Web 2.0 people are allowed to communicate, exchange
information and collaborate across time and space in an unprecedented way.
Indeed, through social communities people across the planet can connect and
interact with each other. They can add friends and send them messages, and
update their personal profile to notify friends about themselves. The focus is
on the human relations and not on the communication service nor the communication device. Indeed, in this case it is preferable that the communication
device becomes transparent. Typically, the telephone is replaced by a headset
with microphone which allows the user to talk while doing other things such
as browsing. Although being software components, the existing IMS clients
are constructed with a hardware apparatus notion in mind. This apparatus is
very much present to the user who has to interact with it in order to communicate. This telephone metaphor has its strength in its familiarity for the users
through many decades but turns out to be a hindrance for new applications
where communication is encapsulated within other activities.
The EUREKA Mobicome project with the participation of Telenor, Telefonica,
Linus, Ubisafe, HyC, WIP, Hua Wei, Technical University of Madrid, Oslo
University College and Blekinge Institute of Technology introduces the Personalised Dynamic IMS client, a novel IMS client architecture based on emerging
Web 2.0 technologies which supports more innovative and richer communication models.
2 The telephone metaphor and its limitations
As old as the Homo sapiens species human communication is still subject to
much discussion in the academic world and there are still non-reconcilable
disagreements about what it is. Human communication may be defined as
transmitting information from one person to another as depicted by Lasswell’s
maxim1) “who says what to whom in what channel with what effect”. For other
schools human communication is defined as the exchange of understanding. It
is hence not sufficient to convey and deliver the information correctly but it is
necessary to ensure that the recipient understands it. This puts requirements
on how the information is formed, i.e. language, format, comprehensibility,
etc and how it is presented, i.e. clarity, readability, sufficient time, etc.
Another prerequisite for the understanding is context. This is a vast and
vague concept which includes the pre-conditions of the information, i.e. what
happened before, the state-of-mind and the cultural and social background of
the recipient.
However, the major factor making human communication difficult to understand is probably its constant evolution. Indeed, human communication
encountered changes with the formation of language enabling a more formal
way of formulating meaning. Next is the apparition of paper, the premium
1) Harold Dwight Lasswell (February 13, 1902 – December 18, 1978) was a leading
American political scientist and communications theorist. He is well known for his
comment on communications: “Who (says) What (to) Whom (in) What Channel
(with) What Effect” and on politics: “Politics is who gets what, when, and how”.
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
Figure 1 A Plain Old Telephone
information storage and writing languages which pave the way for asynchronous communications, i.e. the recipient can digest the meaning long after the
formulation of the message. Since then, human communication does not stop
evolving parallel with the development of mankind [3]. New technologies have
been exploited to remove the limitations of the human apparatus time and
space. Technology mediated communications [4] emerge in many variants like
letter, telegraph, telefax, email, etc, but the most popular is definitely telephony. On February 14, 1876 Alexander Graham Bell filed an application with
the US Patent Office for an “electric-speaking telephone”. “Tele” is an ancient
Greek word meaning “far” and “phone” meaning “voice”.
As shown in Figure 1 the telephone can be perceived as an apparatus consisting of
• A microphone conveying speech of the communicating party to the other
party,
• A loudspeaker delivering speech of the other party to the communicating
party,
• A dial wheel allowing the selection of the other party’s telephone,
• A dual-line connecting the telephone with other telephones.
The plain old telephone is undoubtedly a success since it provides a simple
distant communication paradigm where each communicating party is enabled
to transfer and receive voice messages containing information to each other
as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Simple distant communication model
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
The telephone communication paradigm has however severe limitations, such
as:
• Limitation in time:
- The communicating parties must be available at the same time and be
synchronised for the communication, e.g. one talks, the other listens.
- The communication session disappears as it is progressing since the
exchanged messages vanish after they reach the other party.
• Limitation in space:
- The communication is limited to a location with the presence of a telephone connected to the telephony network.
• Limitation regarding user experience:
- The communication paradigm does not allow much personalisation, i.e.
adaptation to fit the user since it is based on the telephone, which is a
physical device with pre-defined interaction rules.
• Limitation in richness:
- The communication is limited to a physical device which dictates all the
interaction rules. It is also limited to voice and it is not easy to combine
with other media like text, video, picture, etc.
• Limitation in range:
- The communication is limited to one or a limited number of participants.
3 Towards more natural, intuitive and richer
communication paradigms
With the current advances in technologies it is no longer acceptable to
demand that the user adapts to a device, may this device be the telephone.
Further, with the convergence of technologies it should be possible to combine
different communication variants together to achieve richer communication
paradigms. Keeping these requirements in mind, our Personalised Dynamic
IMS client will support different mediated communication paradigms that will
be successively described in the next sections.
3.1 Personalised communication services
Due to the fact that people are different and have different preferences and
needs, it is essential:
• To offer different IMS clients for different individuals
• To allow the users to tailor their IMS clients according to their preferences.
As shown in Figure 3 an example of personalisation could be the selection and
tailoring of the phone skin, i.e. the look and feel of the device. Personal family
photos can be added as wished. The personalisation must of course be flexible
and allow any change at any time with minimum effort.
The personalisation may also aim to fit to the ability of the users. Figure 4
shows a sample of an IMS client for senior citizens which is very simple to
use. It has fewer and bigger buttons. It has only two functions; namely
receiving calls and making calls to five pre-defined telephone numbers.
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
Figure 3 Personalised IMS client
For each task and context there are different
requirements that call for different functions
and interfaces. The Personalised Dynamic Client
architecture will allow the dynamic selection and
change of IMS client to fit the context. The user
can simply go the IMS client portal and download
the desired IMS client at any time and from anywhere.
3.2 Facilitated communications
Figure 4 IMS client for
senior citizens
For a successful communication the two communicating parties must be willing to engage in communication and one of them must be willing to be
the inviting party that initiates the session. Usually, it is the party “in needs” that makes the call.
This can be turned around such that the party “in
needs” invites the other party to call whenever it
is suitable.
To promote calls to her, Mona can distribute
via email to friends and relatives a “Call
Mona IMS client” which can be installed on
the desktop of PCs or mobile phones by a
few clicks. Calls to Mona can now be made
by clicking on Mona’s photo.
3.3 Easy integration with other
mediated communication forms
With the arrival of Web 2.0 new forms of
communication called social media have
emerged. There is no formal definition of
social media but it is commonly understood
as ways of using the Internet to instantly
collaborate, share information, or have a
conversation on ideas or causes we care
about. It is a world where anyone can be a
publisher, a reporter, an artist, a filmmaker,
a photographer or pundit, etc. [5].
7
Call Mona
Figure 5 Call Mona IMS client
Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
Figure 6 Some social media applications
Social media can take many different forms such as Internet forums, weblogs,
wikis, podcasts, pictures and video.
Examples of social media applications are Google Groups (reference, social
networking), Wikipedia (reference), MySpace (social networking), Facebook
(social networking), YouTube (social networking and video sharing), Second
Life (virtual reality), Flickr (photo sharing), etc.
The technologies used to realise social media include: blogs, picture-sharing,
vlogs, wall-postings, email, instant messaging, music-sharing, crowdsourcing,
and last but not least Voice over IP. In our solution Voice over IP is implemented as an IMS application and as a ubiquitous fixed mobile convergent
service. In addition, the Personalised Dynamic IMS client architecture allows
also the integration of IP telephony with other technologies such as blogs,
picture-sharing, vlogs, wall-posting, etc.
4 The Personalised Dynamic IMS Client
architecture
To realise the committed richer communication paradigms the Personalised
Dynamic IMS Client architecture combines the standard IMS technologies with
the Web 2.0 technologies. For the IMS client, the Widget concept is adapted
to provide the required flexibility and user-friendliness.
4.1 Briefly about widgets
A widget is generally speaking a small application, a little bit of code, that does one simple
thing but does it well [6]. Widgets can be combined together. It is fairly easy to develop a new
widget compared to developing a full application. Some examples of widgets like clock,
weather, MyNotes, blogs, etc. are shown in
Figure 7.
To be able to run a widget, a widget engine is
required. It is the framework needed to run
these micro applications. On the PC, the most
popular is Konfabulator, and on Mac OS-X Dashboard. The widget engine can be delivered as
standalone software or integrated in the
browser.
8
Figure 7 Examples of
widgets
Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
download
IMS
Client
Widget
Widget
Engine
IMS Widget
Server
http
Web
Browser
IP network
IMS Client
IMS
Client1 a
Widget
IMS
Client1 a
Widget
Widget 1 a
IMS Client
IMS Client
Widget
2a
IMS Client
Widget
2a
Widget 2 a
IMS
Figure 8 Flexible downloading of IMS client widgets
Most Widget Engines typically support:
•
•
•
•
HTTP, URIs, and Unicode
ECMAScript, various DOM levels
The ability to render Markup language, like HTML and/or CSS
Multimedia resources such as images and sounds.
4.2 Flexible and dynamic selection of IMS client widgets
The IMS Client Widget is hosted at a Web server and can be downloaded and
used on any device, mobile or stationary as shown in Figure 8.
There could be different versions of the IMS Client Widget which are tailored
for particular devices. There could also be different IMS Client Widgets which
have different functionalities offering different services to the user, e.g. VoIP
IMS Client Widget, PoC Client Widget, IM (Instant Messaging) Widget, etc.
There could also be Rich Communication Widget that makes use of several
IMS service enablers, e.g. VoIP, PoC, IM, etc.
4.3 Interactions on the Web
In order to offer IMS services to the user, e.g. VoIP, PoC, Presence, etc the
IMS Client Widget makes use of the widget engine to send IMS commands to
the IMS Widget server, which is a Web server accessible on the World Wide
Web.
The IMS Widget server is equipped with a software component, which interprets the commands and invokes appropriate IMS Web Service methods on
the Convergence server.
Mobicome
Proxy
Phone / PC
IMS Widget
Widget Web Server
Widget Engine
Web Service API
IMS Client Framwork
Converg
r
ence serve
with IMS/SIP proxy
OS APIs
Hardware
Core
Network
Figure 9 Interactions on the Web
9
IMS
SIP
Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
The Convergence Server is a Web Application server which exposes all the
IMS core capabilities, e.g. call control, and IMS Service Enablers, e.g. PoC,
Presence, IM, etc. as XML Web services. The IMS capabilities on the network
will then communicate with the IMS client framework to execute the user’s
commands, e.g make a call, send an IM etc.
By disconnecting the IMS Client Widget with the IMS Client Framework, a
source of incompatibilities and errors is removed. In fact, different IMS client
frameworks offering different APIs have been pre-installed on mobile devices
from different manufacturers. This means that an IMS client made for one
device may not be working on another. With the Personalised Dynamic IMS
Client architecture the IMS clients are always using the same API and will
therefore work on any device.
5 The IMS Client Widget in action
Figure 10 Telenor IMS Widget Portal
To demonstrate the attractiveness and usability of the Personalised Dynamic
IMS Client architecture a scenario has been improvised as follows:
1 Alice starts Web browser and goes to or is directed to Telenor IMS Widget
Portal as shown in Figure 10.
2 From the portal, Alice downloads an advanced, premium widget by a
simple mouse-click.
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
Figure 11 A premium IMS widget
As shown in Figure 11 the premium widget acts as an IMS VoIP combined with
IMS messenger with the following features:
•
•
•
•
Contact list
Presence notifications
Call transfer
Skinnable
3 Later, Alice wants to generate an “IMS business card widget” and send to
her friends. She goes again to the Telenor IMS Widget portal and enters
her personal details, as well as the email addresses of her targeted friends.
4 By a mouse-click her personalized “IMS business card widget” is generated
(see Figure 12) and the installation link (or the Widget itself) is sent by
email to Alice’s friends.
Figure 12 Alice’s IMS business card widget
5 A copy of the personalized widget is sent to Alice, to allow her to distribute
her business card to new friends and contacts on a later occasion.
6 Frank receives Alice’s email. He installs and starts her “IMS business card
widget” by a mouse-click. Alice’s personalized widget is then shown on the
desktop of Frank’s PC.
Since Alice has her premium IMS widget running, she is available. This status
is indicated by the grey frame surrounding Alice’s business card widget on
Frank’s desktop. Unavailability is indicated by a red frame. Thus, presence
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
service is implemented into the business card widgets. However, it is a oneway presence service, meaning that Alice cannot see the availability of Frank.
The reason is that the business card widget of Alice at Frank’s desktop only
allows for Frank to initiate calls to Alice, and not the other way round. Alice
will see the availability of Frank only if Alice receives a business card widget
from Frank or if Frank installs the premium IMS widget.
7 Frank calls up Alice by a mouse-click on her business card widget shown at
the desktop of Frank. In the background, the widget sends a command to
the Widget Web Server in Figure 9, which again invokes a function in the
IMS CSCF.
8 The CSCF sends an SIP/IMS Invite message to both Frank and Alice. An
Invite message is received by the client framework of Frank that preferably
runs in the background, and the call is preferably auto-received. The latter is
not a necessity but results in a smoother experience for Frank, as the call is
set up without hassle from the time he clicks on the Call button in his widget.
Similarly, the Invite message is handled by the client framework of Alice. In
summary, the Mobicome CSCF works as a back-to-back proxy, setting up calls
in two directions for both the caller and the callee.
As Frank calls Alice, a “Hang up” option appears for the business card widget
on Frank’s desktop. Furthermore, at the start of the conversation, a new
“Hang up” button appears in the display of the premium widget of Alice. Moreover, the “Call” button in Figure 11 will be transformed into a “Transfer” button.
Frank asks Alice if she knows the whereabouts of their common friend,
Charles. Alice tells Bob that Charles is online, and she offers to transfer the
call to Charles.
9 She does so by using “Select a contact” button to select Charles, and then
by clicking on the “Transfer” button.
10 She hangs up. Frank is now connected to Charles and can continue the
conversation.
6 Introduction of enhanced security
Since the IMS client is now no longer a regular IMS client but a widget, it
can no be longer authenticated by the S-CSCF and HSS, and other sufficient
authentication schemes are required for different devices running IMS widgets.
To keep the costs as low as possible it is necessary to re-use as much as possible of the existing security infrastructure. Since both the SIM/USIM card are
considered as sufficiently strong authentication tokens, the Mobicome project
has adopted them in the authentication of IMS client widgets.
Three authentication schemes are proposed as follows:
• For IMS client widgets running on PCs equipped with a USIM installed in
the SIM slot or a USB dongle the authentication is done according to the
Generic Bootstrapping Architecture (GBA) [7].
• For IMS client widgets running on PCs equipped with SIM installed in the
SIM slot or a USB dongle the authentication is done using the SIM Strong
Authentication [8].
• For IMS client widgets running on cellular phones with HTML the authentication is done using SIM Strong Authentication via SMS [8].
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
7 Implementation of the Personalised Dynamic
IMS Client
Figure 13 The Prototype Architecture
As shown in Figure 13 the Personalised Dynamic IMS Client architecture relies
on the IMS Core Network comprising of a CSCF and a HSS. In addition there
are the following entities:
• An IMS Widget Server: A Web 2.0 server hosting IMS widget and acting
as widget server.
• A Convergence server: A Web server offering IMS Web service APIs. It is
combined with MCU (Multiparty Conference Unit) supporting conference call
and call continuity. The Convergence server is connected to the PSTN via
MGCF combined with MGW.
• An IDP: A Liberty Alliance compliant Identity Provider in charge of the SIM
strong authentication when the user is accessing from a regular mobile
phone or a PC with SIM Smartdongle. The IDP communicates with the
VitalAAA server which again interacts with the HLR via the Ulticom Signalware MAP Authentication Gateway.
• A BSF: The Bootstrapping Server Function is hosted in a network element
under the control of a Mobile Network Operator. The BSF is used to mutually authenticate and share keys between the UE and the NAF to provide
for secure yet easy access to services like VOD applications and the Family
Portal.
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
On the client side three devices are defined:
• A regular 2G/3G mobile phone with an xHTML browser. It also hosts a
Gemalto SIM with an EAP-SIM applet
• A PC with a SIM Smartdongle
• A PC with a USIM GBA Smartdongle.
8 Value proposition
A. End users
The Personalised Dynamic IMS Client will deliver value to end users in the
following ways:
• Easy to install and run
• Richness of suitable applications will be available
• Ability to use IMS clients with a uniform interface on any device and over
any access network
• Availability of fully personalized IMS clients
• Simplification, since the user does not need separate clients for SIP and
IMS, when the service is otherwise the same.
B. Telecom operators
The Personalised Dynamic IMS Client will deliver value to Telecom operators in
the following ways:
• Customizable clients
• The value chain is opened for the operators
• Implementation of the “cloud computing” concept is possible in the context
of IMS and IMS clients.
• The richness of suitable applications will increase usage and improve the
possibilities for revenue.
C. Third party service providers and application developers
The Personalised Dynamic IMS Client will deliver value to third party service
providers and application developers in the following ways:
• Open access to parts of the IMS value chain and to the usage of IMS clients
• Possibility for easy and low-cost application development.
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
9 Conclusion
The existing IMS clients are based on the telephone metaphor which –
although popular and successful – is quite limited. With the emergence of the
Web 2.0 other forms of mediated communication called social media have
arisen and are allowing unprecedented human communication over time and
space. By contemplating the limitations of the telephone metaphor and the
possibilities of the Web 2.0 technologies the Mobicome project has proposed a
novel implementation of IMS client using widgets called Personalised Dynamic
IMS client.
The IMS widgets have the advantages of being executable on heterogeneous
devices, stationary or mobile, being agnostic of the network access, and of
supporting smooth handover between the mobile and the fixed broadband
domains, and between usage of both 3GPP-SIP (IMS) and plain IETF-SIP. It is
customizable, supports easily rich communication and provides a uniform user
interface on multiple heterogeneous devices.
A prototype of the Personalised Dynamic IMS client has successfully been
implemented and will be demonstrated at the GSMA Mobile World Congress in
Barcelona, February 16–19, 2009.
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
References
[1] 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services
and System Aspects; IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS); Stage 2 (Release
8) – 3GPP TS 23.228 V8.3.0 (2007-12)
[2] 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services
and System Aspects; Architectural requirements (Release 7) - 3GPP TS
23.221 V7.2.0 (2007-12)
[3] d'Ettorre, Patrizia & Hughes, David P.: Sociobiology of Communication –
An interdisciplinary perspective – CHAPTER 14. The evolution of human
communication and language – Author: Hurford, James R. – Print publication date: 2008 – Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: September
2008 – Print ISBN-13: 978-0-19-921684-0
[4] Whittaker, S.:Theories and Methods in Mediated Communication. In
Graesser, A., Gernsbacher, M., and Goldman, S. (Ed.) The Handbook of
Discourse Processes. Publisher: Taylor & Francis(Routledge) 2003 – ISBN:
978-0-8058-3555-7
[5] SocialMedia – http://socialmedia.wikispaces.com/What+is
[6] W3C: Widgets 1.0 Requirements - W3C Working Draft 05 July 2007 http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-widgets-reqs-20070705/#widgetAPIs
[7] ETSI/3GPP (2008), “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase
2+);Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);SIM card based
Generic Bootstrapping Architecture (GBA);Early implementation feature
(3GPP TR 33.920 version 7.5.0 Release 7)”
[8] Do, T.v. et. al. (2006), “Offering SIM Strong Authentication to Internet
Services - A joint white paper by Telenor, Gemalto, Lucent Technologies,
Ulticom, Linus, Oslo University College and Sun Microsystems”, online:
http://www.simstrong.org/Resources.aspx
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
Glossary
3GPP
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project
Access manager
Sun Java System Access Manager delivers open, standards-based access
control across intranets and extranets. It is a security foundation that helps
organizations manage secure access to an enterprise’s Web applications
both within the enterprise and across business-to-business (B2B) value
chains. It provides open, standards-based authentication and policy-based
authorization with a single, unified framework. It secures the delivery of
essential identity and application information to meet today’s needs and to
scale with growing business needs, by offering single sign-on (SSO) as well
as enabling federation across trusted networks of partners, suppliers, and
customers.
AAA server
These three terms are used interchangeably in this note. AAA stands for
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting. A backend authentication
server is an entity that provides an authentication service to an authenticator. RADIUS is an AAA server.
AuC
Authentication Centre. It is the GSM network element that provides the
authentication triplets for authenticating the subscriber.
Authenticator
The component that initiates the EAP authentication. In this document the
authenticator runs in IDP.
BSF
Bootstrapping Server Function
EAP
Extensible Authentication Protocol
EAP-AKA
An extension to the EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) proposed by
the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) enabling authentication and
session key distribution using the UMTS AKA (Authentication and Key
Agreement) mechanism. UMTS AKA is based upon symmetric keys and
runs typically on a USIM (UMTS Subscriber Identity Module). EAP/AKA
Authentication includes optional user anonymity and re-authentication
procedures.
EAP-SIM
An Extension of the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) using the
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Subscriber Identity
Module (SIM). EAP-SIM is described in internet-draft for EAP-SIM.
GBA
3GPP Generic Bootstrapping Architecture (GBA) is part of the Generic
Authentication Architecture (GAA) and is used to bootstrap a short term
security association based upon short term credentials between an HTTP
client and server.
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications
GSMA
The GSM Association (GSMA) is the global trade association representing
over 850 GSM mobile phone operators across 218 countries of the world.
HLR
Home Location Register. It is a central database containing the subscriber
profiles and the associated keys.
IDP
According to the Liberty Alliance specifications an Identity Provider creates
and manages the identity of the users, and authenticates them to the
service providers.
IMS
IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMSI
International Mobile Subscriber Identity
LAN
Local Area Network
SIM
Subscriber Identity Module
SIP
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signalling protocol specified by the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) used for establishing sessions in an
IP network.
Widget
Widgets or gadgets are usually small client-side Web applications for displaying and updating remote data, packaged in a way to allow a single
download and installation on a client machine.
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Personalised Dynamic IMS client using Widgets
Partners
This white paper has been written by the partners
in the Mobicome project. www.mobicome.org
Telenor is emerging as one of the fastest growing
providers of mobile communications services
worldwide. Telenor is also the largest provider of
TV services in the Nordic region.
Telenor is organised into three business areas;
Mobile operations covering 12 countries, and
Fixed-line and Broadcast services covering the
Nordic region. The Telenor Group has more than
129 million mobile subscriptions worldwide and
has a workforce of 33,500 man-years. Its revenues in 2006 were NOK 91.1 billion. Telenor is
listed at the Oslo Stock Exchange and headquarted
in Norway. www.telenor.com
Linus, a small consultant and system house
located in Oslo, Norway. The company provides
SW development services to major players in the
Norwegian Oil & Gas and Telecommunication
business segments. www.linus.no
Ubisafe, a Norwegian SME based in Lillehammer
and specializing in Internet security solutions
based on the mobile phone and the SIM card. For
more information, visit www.ubisafe.no.
Oslo University College is the biggest governmental university college in Norway with approximately
8,700 students and more than 1,000 staff members. They offer twenty-two professional study
programs and a large number of credit courses
at bachelor, master and higher level and within a
broad range of fields. Oslo University College prepares students for professional careers in public
institutions – within health and social services,
education and management, libraries and
archives, in media and fine arts, and for technical,
economic and administrative occupations in trade
and industry. The Faculty of Engineering focuses
on civil engineering, computer and information
technology, including informatics and network and
system administration. www.hio.no
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Contact:
Dr. Do van Thanh, Telenor R&I
email: thanh-van.do@telenor.com