United
States
Department
of
Agriculture
Forest
Service
En gin
r n
Field Notes
i
Volume 13
Number
Engineering
Staff
Washington
D.C.
Engineering Technical
Information
System
1980 Field Notes Article Awards
Hand Pump Operation
Maintenance
Greenhouse Temperature
Alarm System
More on Concrete Cylinder
Transportation
1
January 1981
United
States
Department
of
Agriculture
Volume 13
Number 1
january 1981
Field Notes
Forest
a
S eri
Engineering Technical
Engineering
Staff
Washington
En gin ee ring
D.C.
System
Information
ups
Agriculture-Forest
agen-cies.
in-terpretation
Information
contained
in
this
guidance of employees of the
Service
contractors and
its
The Department
or
The
use
of trade
information
an
of this
States
assumes
information
of the
or
than
in this
reader. Such
approval
of
of Agriculture
any
for
of
and State
no responsibility for the
by other
names
firm or corporation
and convenience
developed
Department
cooperating Federal
its
of Agriculture
endorsement
official
United
use
been
has
publication
United States
its
own employees.
publication
is
for the
does not constitute
use
product
service
or
by the
respec-tive
pro-cedures
may
The
be
Department
text in the
publication
mandatory
of
engineering
is
not
exclusion
of others
that
suitable.
represents
author and must not be construed
Because
to the
the
instructions
type
technicians
intended
of
material
should
exclusively
or
in
the
as
personal
policy
the
read each
for engineers.
except
or approved
by
publication
issue
of the
opinions
recommended
FSM
all
however
references.
engineers
this
and
publication
fol-AWARDS
bene-The
1980 FIELD
NOTES ARTICLE
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rating sheet on the
Select the three
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saved as a result of the article.
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see Field Notes Volume 11
Number 10 October 1979 provide
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tion formally
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in-tended
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Articles
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an Engineering Field Notes
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If you have a new way of
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complete the
1.
i.
1980
Field
Notes
Rating Sheet
Article
Choice
123
Author
Article
January/February
A Man
His
Bathhouse
Solar
Bonnie
Mousetraps
Toilet
Facilities
Solar
Dwelling
Attic
Describing
Wilderness
Comments
on
Land
Surveyors
Corner
Boundaries-Some
Methods
Search
in
Eldridge R-4
Thomas
F.
William
A.
Thomas
F.
William
A.
C.
Smith
Speer
Smith
R-8
R-8
Speer
Doak
C.
R-8
R-8
R-3
Use-One
General
Viewpoint
Nebraska
in
Rollin
Sandhills
Curd
C.
R-2
March
Energy
and
Prediction
Bridges Produce
Contractor-Designed
Cost Savings
Road Damage
Control of
Significant
Leonard
B.
Della-Moretta
W. Muchmore
Frank
R-10
the Alaska Region
for
April
A New Development
Practical
Solar
Recent
In
Tom
Clearing Roads
Improve
to
Construction
in
FS
L.
Condos
R-5
James M. Kocer
Applications
Activities
New
in
Energy
Owned
George
Efficiency
Buildings
J.
R-3
WO
Lippert
and
Related Facilities
Low-Volume
Roads Second
International
Adrian
WO
Pelzner
Conference
May
Time
Significant
Use
of
Modular
Cost Savings
Result From the
W. Muchmore
Frank
Boundaries
Stanley
Wayne
Job
Corps
Facility
R-10
Bridge Systems
Steel
John
Surveys
J.
H.
Lupis
Skousen
Valentine
R-1
WO
June
of
Transportation
Construction
Concrete
Robert
Cylinders
Materials Sampling
Testing
E.
J.
D.
Wildman
Mandigo
WO
Bruesch
WO
R-4
Handbook
The Autostress
Bridge
L.
D.
November/December
Concrete
The
New
Electronic
Field
Hydraulic
of
Efficiency
Lot Size
in
Rock
Notebook
the Public
J.
Rake Improves
Road Maintenance
Land
Monlux
Steve
Cylinder Transportation
the
S.
Campbell
James W. Tour
R-1
WO
MEDC
Operations
Surveys
W.
H.
Valentine
R-1
SDEDC
$ Saved
e
FOLD HERE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FORES
SERVICE-USDA
ENGINEERING
BOX 2417
WASHINGTON
STAFF 1207 RP/E
P.O.
DC
20013
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0
D
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FOREST SERVICE-USDA
ENGINEERING STAFF 1207 RPIE
BOX 2417
WASHINGTON
P.O.
DC
J
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20013
HERE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------FO
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HAND PUMP OPERATION AND
Hand
Pump
and
Description
Operation
con-Engineering
MAINTENANCE
Environmental
A hand pump installation
sists of a pump cylinder
Engineering
drop
and pump stand.
Figure 1 shows a typical hand
pump installation.
Staff
Northern
pipe pump rod
Region
The 1979 potable water inventory showed that 162 hand pumps
are installed in wells in the
Northern Region.
To put this in
56
perspective
percent of all
the wells in the Northern Region
The hand pump
have hand pumps.
will probably remain the most
common method of withdrawing well
water at Forest Service camp-
Reservoir
Drinking
Hydrant
Pump
grounds.
or Base
Concrete
li
pump does not require
electricity and it is simple to
use these are major reasons it
is so popular
in the Forest
Service.
Also hand pumps can
weather
in
below-freezing
operate
for early and late season use.
hand
Slab
Drain
ICI
the hand pump is popThe number
ular with the public.
of old red hand pumps on lawns
and flower gardens indicates the
nostalgia associated with this
reminder of the past.
Generally
j
Stand
Drainpipe
I
The
Fountain
i
Below
Weep
Hole
Drop
Pipe
Pump
Rod
Well
Casing
.-Pum
Frost
Line
Cylinder
single-of
con-lation
Sanitary surveys on hand pumps
identified some
in the Region
recurring problems at many
Some deficiencies
were associated with the design
the
hand pump stands others
were associated with the instal-
Figure
Hand pump
drinking fountain
in-stallations.
stand
with
and hydrant
The pump cylinder is a
acting piston pump as shown in
The piston is
figure 2.
nected to the pump handle by the
pump rod which is inside the
drop pipe.
Operating the pump
handle moves the piston up and
down in the pump cylinder.
drainage slabs etc..
A new Regional
standard drawing
installation of hand
in 1978
pumps was approved
based on the input from the
sanitary surveys.
for
1.
the
When the piston is drawn upward
the piston valve
is closed
by
gravity and the pressure of the
Water above the
water above it.
piston is forced from the
der up the drop pipe and out
the spigot or fountain on the
This article describes the inof
stallation and maintenance
well hand pumps.
It is intended
for facilities engineers and
personnel responsible
for maintaining
water systems.
cylin-district
3
base through the treatment
unit and back into the bottom
pump
Treat-ment
of
Rod
iI
Pump
reservoir unit.
could include filtration
the
disinfection
IIIIý
exchange
ion
etc.
should consult
facility
or zone environmental
before considering
of a pump stand with
treatment
unit.
In
a water
units
should
be
these
eral
the last resort for
problems at a well
A
site with a hand pump.
not
be
used
should
system
obvious
to hide
sanitary
in a pump installation.
Districts
engineers
engineers
gen-Piston
con-sidered
LiL
in-stallation
Cylinder
Piston
Valve
with
Leathers
bac-teriological
Check
treat-ment
Valve
defi-ciencies
Sampling
Figure
2.
Typical
pump
and Testing
Normal operation
of a hand pump
maintained in good condition
should have minimal effect on
the district.
System operation
should consist primarily of
monthly samples for
tine bacteriological
monitoring.
cylinders
col-lecting
rou-through
At the same time
pump stand.
water is drawn into the lower
portion of the pump cylinder
the check valve
on the
bottom of the cylinder.
piston starts downward
check valve closes and the
piston valve opens to allow the
piston to move to the bottom of
the
Water is trapped
cylinder.
in the pump cylinder during
the
troke
then
is
forced
downS
piston
upward into the drop pipe on the
next
As
the
the
Rp
upstroke.
N
Fnu ntain
w
r_
n
jI
.-
Hvdr ant
The pump stand in the Region
1
standard hand pump drawing has a
drinking fountain and hydrant
rather than a spout.
A
on the pump stand holds a
small amount of water to allow a
flow from the drinking fountain
for 5 to 10 seconds
after pumping
stops.
Set Screw
reser-voir
to
Flow
To
18
rrý
r
Back
457.2
N
mm
rýM..
ýý.
IV
Flow
Reservoir
Out
Unit
Another
pump stand has
for
provisions
treating the water
from a hand pump.
discharged
Figure 3 shows a pump stand with
a water
treatment base.
The
water flows from a fitting at the
available
let
Figure
3.
Pump
stand
treatment
4
To
Treatment
with
base
water
ap-a.
installa-ing
exist-2.
To
collect
sample
tion
a
1.
Flush
for
2
at
to
by the
appropriate
Departments
of Health
in the States included
in the Northern Region.
It
bacteriological
well by pumpminutes.
should be used for the
tion of hand pumps on new wells
and the rehabilitation of
Deviations
ing hand pump sites.
from these plans at sites with
the
3
Avoid sample contaminathe time of collection.
public water systems must be
State
proved by the appropriate
of
Health
and
the
Department
Health
Environmental
Regional
the
Deviations
from
Engineer.
plans at other sites must be
approved
by the Regional
mental Health Engineer.
Keep the sampling
bottle unopened until the moment
it is to be filled.
Environ-and
b.
During sampling do
touch the threads on the cap
neck of the bottle.
Do not
place the cap on the ground while
taking the sample.
not
During
the
installation
of
hand
pumps
impor-mediately.
in-stallations
Hold
3.
the
bottle
near
base fill it three-quarters
full and replace the cap imBOTTLE
DO NOT RINSE
BEFORE COLLECTING
the
1.
Draining excess water
from the concrete
slab is
tant.
rehabilitation
of
During
a number of old hand pump
several wells had
developed
deep cavities under the
old slabs and along the well
These cavities were as
casings.
much as 6 feet or more deep.
Excess water probably seeped
under the slab and down the
next to the well casing.
small spaces are left
between the casing and natural
ground when wells are drilled.
Surface water can percolate
down
and contaminate
the groundwater.
THE
SAMPLE.
4.
Complete collection form
return form and sample to the
laboratory.
open-year
samples for chemical
monitoring are required at 3year intervals after the initial
The
ete chemical
complete
analysis.
will
zone environmental engineers
notify the Forests when chemical
tests are required at various
sites.
Generally
in-etc.
ground-chemical
If
possible
Also rodents snakes
might live in a cavity
slab and contribute
to
water contamination.
collect
samples for
analysis during the
middle of the use period to
minimize interference
from rust
Flush the well by pumping
for several minutes.
Collect
and preserve the
sample in
accordance
with instructions that
should be included with the
sample bottle.
etc.
under
the
2.
The length of the
stalled pump rod should be such
that the piston does not hit the
top of the cylinder when the pump
handle is at the bottom of its
travel.
Such constant pounding
can cause the pump rod to either
separate at a threaded
joint or
damage the pump cylinder or
The threaded
piston.
upper end
of the
round piston bar should
be just above the packing
nut
when the piston is resting on
the bottom of the cylinder this
allows the packing to be changed
Installation
is the Region
1
stanFigure
dard drawing for the installation of hand Humps.
This drawing
has been reviewed and approved
5
PUTAP CYLINDER
Dn
-
-
4- water
fh
in
NOTES.
SIZING GUIDE.
ýtinder
- --size-
feet
C
-
20Qf
t
15Cý
l/6
2.
2%2
too
lined
cad
Use
pump
rods.
Use
3
75or less
shall be brass
Cylinder
barrels - 10 stroke.
steel
galvanized
IY4galvanized
steel
iron
drop pipe.
Bushincj
base
45/
Stepped
to
pipe well
6
to
Stroke adjustmens
adapt
standard
Ir
Lin
casing
Replaceable
pump
rod bushing and
Set screws
I/4
6
16
drop
galy.
Evansville Wisconsin
casing
3
53536
Or equal.
pump rod
Access Port optional
11 threaded \Veldolet
with brass plug.
Hydrant
Set screws
square concrete
Compact grade flush with
slab to permit use
conc.
the
bg
physically
handicapped.
Drain
Slope Y4/ft
pipe
CIO
j
DETAIL.
Co.
133
pipe
steel
Pump
Baker /Aanufacturing
Enterprise Street
Fountain
I
well
Drinking
/Aodel DF-HF
Ohio Palters Base.
packing
ý1
Stand
I
I
Fountain
Reservoir
Silicone caulking
/Aonitor
in
slab.
alI
directions.
14min.
1111
ýI1
aa.ýýiý.tý.-s.
_
ý%-dL.--
ý.ý
ate-.
-
04bars%
3vo
4dia.
15-0
dry well
is
boh ways
udrain
pipe -slopecadayIi9h1
from well-or min.of 25-0
If
used.
Encase
drain
and
all
under slab
concrete to
fittings
in
insure
does
well.
drain
not
water
re-enter
Grout by well contractor.
Not
only
included
installation
in
pump
contracts
.wel
outlet
hydrant
Drain
casing
of
Location
pipe
k
Approx. location of
purnp handle. Handle
i
locaiion
I
110
9f
o.ý
is
Cast iron
Floor
l/
No.
Zurn
Z-553
with
Josarn
Smith
32110
Drill
Wade
K
j
so
that
with
in
pipe
outlet
flocx
-
\W-1640-SO
I%4 b drop pipe
conc.
Drain
in
is
conc.
18 above
Encase
weld
in
galy steel
311.114
finish
rod
pump
concrete.
pipe
6 well
drain
to
casing
slab grade.
to anchor
drain
%4weep hole below frost
line
minimum 5-O
1
pipe
Set
proof screws
vandal
U
Extend
fhole
/d
deep
I
2275
-On
1
Drain
Catalog
4\anufacturar
DETAIL.
adjustable.
casing
-
a0
V
A--
1
-
Vell
casing
flush
s0
drain.
ý
--.
II
Pump
\Veld
ýý
Set
level
On
ground
to permit
level sufficiently
drain pipe to slope uniformity
Y4 per foo to existing grade
at 15 ft radius.
b
DET
level
terrain
EXISTING
3
cylinder
below satic water
as specified.
raise
ELEVP
Ill.
T1
UN
11-Oi
INSTALLATIONS.
IL.
lwI-0
D....
or.
Krih
Geo.Tuxbgrtt
p
R....-d
_
Krnwler.Mci4ennu
oaf
4-9t
oo.
5-2-T8
Dd.
5-3-76
V.
D.f.
5-4-78
APPROVED
D...
S- 4
Y...
YUwM
ýO
S.
oEiARTMENT
FOREST
_
APPROVED
REVISIONS
C..
1cNenny
ter
Plats
Section
1-7-80
wc
Figure
4.
Standard
drawing
--
WELL
DRINKING FOUNTAIN
TYPE PU/AP
REGION ONE
-tie
DRILLED
Of AGRICULTURE
SERVICE
pump
installation
7
1
W
-
R1
I
SI...e
1
of
-L
without
permitting the top of
the
threaded piston bar to drop
below the level of the packing
nut without
temporary external
support.
Equal lengths of drop
pipe and pump rod should be installed on pumps.
Pump rod is
available
in standard lengths of
18 20 and 21 feet 5.5 6.1
and 6.4 meters which correspond
the standard lengths of different types of pipe used for
drop pipe.
Normally galvanized
steel pipe is recommended
for the
drop pipe.
Pump rods can be
to the
by cutting
desired length and rethreading
the cut end.
6.
The hydrant
located over the
outlet should
floor drain.
dis-to
be
7.
The optional threaded
access port near the top of the
for
well casing
is recommended
all hand pump installations for
two important reasons
infected
The well can be
without
removing the
a.
pump.
con-shortened
b.
the well can
veniently.
The
water level
be measured
in
typi-hole
Startup/Shutdown
The weep hole in the drop
should be drilled rather
torch cut to ensure a clean
of proper size.
Check -the
the hand
weep hole by operating
pump until water is discharged
from the spout.
Let the pump
idle for 30 to 60 seconds
and operate the pump again.
If
water is discharged
from the
spout within the first one or
two up-and-down
motions of the
handle either the weep hole is
plugged or it is not large
enough.
3.
A con3iti.on
survey is a physical
The
inspection of the hand pump.
list summarizes
following
cal items to be checked during a
condition survey
pipe
than
1.
Thee drainage system
should be open and functioning
properly.
2.
The
concrete
slab should
not have any cracks open spaces
under the slab should be filled.
and bolts should be
should be intact
joints.
watertight
3.
The pump cylinder should
the lowest
be installed below
anticipated water table level to
eliminate any pollution hazard
associated with priming the pump
with nonpotable
water.
Nuts
tight gaskets
4.
at
pump stand and its
should not be
major components
cracked
broken.
or
4.
another type
5.
Substituting
pump for the pump stand shown
on the
should
drawingg figure
g u re 4
not be done unless the two pump
stands are equivalent.
The most
that
features
preferimportant
red pumps have are a stainless
steel piston bar and a
pump rod bushing and packwhere
the piston bar moves
ing
and
down through the topp of
the
Districts should
pump base.
with facility engineers
consult
or zone environmental
engineers
before purchasing
another type
of hand pump.
The
per-up
of
5.
packing
6.
The pump rod bushing
should be snug.
and
The
be
weep
hole
should
open.
replace-able
A condition survey on each hand
pump installation should be
formed in the spring before
system startup and after the
system is shut down in the fall.
Year-round
sites should have
condition surveys at least once
a
8
year.
A condition survey performed when
the system is shut down in the
fall is useful in identifying
items to be corrected
maintenance
before the system is opened for
the
next season.
Materials can
be ordered during
the winter for
installation early next season.
A condition survey before system
startup can determine if any
additional damage has occurred
during the winter from vandalism
Shutdown
1.
Perform condition
2.
Remove
pump
survey.
handle.
Maintenance
main-fros
action
etc.
The steps for seasonal hand pump
are summastartup and shutdown
rized below
Startup
1.
Install
pump handle.
Like other. nieces of machinery
hand pumps havemaintenance
The following
requirements.
describe common
paragraphs
tenance
Numbers in
procedures.
refer
to
part numbers
parentheses
in
of a typical pump shown
6
shows
the
5.
figure
Figure
nomenclature
of
a
typical
parts
pump cylinder.
Drainage
System
The
Perform condition
survey.
drain pipe should be cleaned
needed to keep excess water
draining from the slab area.
as
re-unti
2.
main-tenance.
3.
4.
Complete
Flush well by pumping
discharge is clear of rust
sediment
5.
necessary
etc.
Take
water
bacteriological
pump handle.
sample
testing
for
remove
test
bacteriological
the
water
is satisfactory open
system for use install the pump
handle.
6.
If
7.
If the
bacteriological
test is unsatisfactory chlorinate the well and repeat all
Flush
steps starting with 4.
the well until the
free chlorine
residual drops below 0.5 mg/l.
Slab
The
slab should be
cracks develop in
placed
it.
Hairline cracks in a
slab generally should
not be considered
a threat to the
sanitary quality of the well
water.
The ground level around
the slab should be maintained at
the slab elevation so surface
water cannot collect in low spots
or form channels
under the slab.
The chances of rodents burrowing
under the slab should be reduced
the ground level
by maintaining
at slab elevation.
concrete
if open
steel-reinforced
Pump
Stand
Nuts and bolts on the stand
should be tight.
Gaskets
on the
reservoir cover
and the
tank-to-base
connection
should be maintained in a
Cracked
tight condition.
such
as
the
ponents
pump base
reservoir cover
etc. should be replaced as
water-ological
com-contamination
subsequent bacterisamples continue to show
request a sanitary
forest facilities
the
survey from
engineer.
8.
If
25
40
36
17
Key
Number
Description
Handle
no.23
2
Pump
3
Cotter
4
Upper
5
Cap
6
Set
7
8
9
1
pin
pin
2
piston
1
1
112
Flat piston
bar
584.2
bar
11
Fulcrum
12
Fulcrum
Fulcrum
14
Cotter
15
Hex cap
x
3/4
16
Valve
17
Cover
18
Valve
19
Snap
20
Spring
21
Spacer
22
Valve
23
24
Washer
Hex lock
25
Cover
9.5
mm-16
5
assembly
1
Ii
ring
washer cupped
Nozzle
Reservoir
13
42
38
39
40
1
pipe
mm
25.4
pipe
std.
23 3
I
no.
screw-base
x 2 31.8 mm
Base-includes
112
32
Bolt-tank
1
mm-13NC
12.7
4
nos.
40
and
34
Lower
guide
Base-includes
nut
2
1
plug
1
key
nos.
40
8
34
3
1
parts-includes
20 21 22 23
Fountain
7
1
DF-HC.
Valve
unit
key
nos.
24
assembly
0-9
18 19
1
includes
15 16 17 25 29 30 31 32
Washer
nos.
45
mm.
11.1
with
to base
Expansion
42
44
L.
flange
Gasket-tank
41
43
7116
mm
12.7
washer
Packing
tij
1
to base
2
x
1
114
1
L.
key
6
1
2
mm
Set
t
key
59.0 mm L.
key
assembly- includes
Set screw
7/16 11.1 mm-14NC
x 112 12.7
mm L.
Pipe plug-314
19.1
mm NPT
Pump bushing
2 50.8 mm x
for
II\--
1
assembly-includes
27 28 33 40 41
26
14NC
14
12
nut
for DF-HF.
37
14
4
L.
shaft
spring
Spout
36
mm
44.5
27
31.8
2
1
29
x
o
pin
3/8
handle
28
Drain
I
I
pin
handle
screw
gasket
Strainer
Drain
dia.
1
26
31
mm
long
pin
1
Nos.
mm
cap
13
30
3
1
1
packing
118 3.2
rope
stem
Piston
35
3
Packing
Valve
X23
34
mm-13NC
12.7
mm
38.1
Graphite
33
guide
1/2
screw
10
32
key
and
43.
V
1
LI
1
Q
key
__16
U
U
10
-15
I
X
Quantity
pin assembly-includes
_
1
/17
39
-
38-
43J
4V
37
ý
18
-19
Q
j
25
--20
-23
1-21
0 -22
24
2645
-
36
27
f..
128
29
33
35
--30
34
U
r-ý_-31
2
Figure
5.
Pump
10
nomenclature
44
2
Key
Cylinder
Number
Description
Figure
1
Size
Upper
Quantity
In mm
1
250.8
2-14 57.2
2-112
63.5
cap
1
3762
Cylinder barrel
brass
lined
3
3
2
x
12 50.8
x
304.8
2
x
15 50.8
x
381.0
1
1
2.114
x
12 57.2
x
304.8
2114
x
15 57.2
x
381.0
12 63.5
x
304.8
15 63.5
x
381.0
x
2-1/2
x
2-1/2
3
SIZE
3
2
376
3
3
63.5
2-1/2
CYLINDER
1
250.8
2-14 57.2
Gasket
3 x
12 76.2
x
304.8
3 x
1576.2
x
381.0
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
2
FIG.
4
Figure
Plunger
5
Hex
6
Plunger
I
2
stem
2
x
15 50.8
2
x
7550.8x381.0
x
384.0
1
2.7/4
x
2
57.2
x
304.8
1
2-112
x
12 63.5
x
304.8
I
2-112
x
72 63.5
x
304.8
2.1/2
x
15 63.5
x
381.0
1
3
x
12 76.2
x
304.8
3
x
15 76.2
x
381.0
16
1
1
J
1
716-14NC
nut
poppet
250.
8
2.112
63.5
2-112
63.5
5
ý
1
Iný
1
376.2
1
-
7
Cup
leather
250.8
2
2-14
2
57.2
2154.1
3 76.2
B
Plunger
assembly
2
1
2
63.5
2-1/2
6
2
11457.2
vD
112635
376-2
3
Check
valve
2508
guide
2.14
Check
1
2.114
57.2
2.1/2
83.5
1
3 76.2
11
Check
valve
1
lacing
1
2154.5
2.112
63.5
83.5
Check
13
Hex
14
Check
valve
washer
valve
Lower
cap
1
1
250.8
assembly
L
1
2.14
57.2
2.12
63.5
2 50.8
2114
assembly
1
1
1
.
Plunger
stem
17
Plunger
spring
18
Plunger
poppet
19
Plunger
valve
20
Machine
5116
1
1
1
facing
7.9
mm-18NC
22
Poppet
23
Plunger
x
314
19.1
mm
L.
11
1
2
-
assembly
1
2
ýTT
14
13
1
assembly
0
1
1
screw
Cup leather
FIG
ý
4
21
I
ý..1
1
9
16
-
1
3 76.2
Figure
--T/ice
2
1
314%.2
2.112
-
23
--7
21
2
1
15
9
9
21
1
511818NC
nut
1
20
1
376.2
12
FIG.
1
p
I
2.12
9
a
7
250.8
valve
7---
1
1
3112
1
fý-ýy
1
57.2
312 83.6
6
10
7
I
9
Figure
7
1
15
FIG.3
Figure
6.
Pump
cylinder
11
nomenclature.
A4
quickly as possible to protect
the
sanitary quality of the
water.
Nut and Packing
Packing
Stuffing Box
a.
or
9
replace
and packing
1
at
the pump
Properly maintaining
rod packing is one of the most
important items in protecting
the sanitary quality of the water
from a hand pump.
The packing
nut
is located
at the top of
the pump base.
The packing nut
and packing
form a watertight
seal where the piston bar
moves up and down through the top
of the
Normal
pump base 36.
maintenance
will require the
of the
periodic tightening
nut which compresses the
packing against the piston bar
to maintain
the
seal.
watertight
The packing nut should be tightened to the point that there is
no side movement
in the piston
through the nut and there is
a slight drag on the piston bar
when the pump is operated.
If
water bubbles around the packing
the packing
nut is not tight
enough.
Eventually the packing
or the packing
nut will have to
be replaced
as described below
8
To
2.
connection
and flat
if
packing
needed
nut
2
Remove pump pin
between pump handle
piston bar
7.
Remove
u pp er p iston
and unthread
flat
bar
from piston bar
4
b.
guide
piston
10.
7
c.
Loosen packing nut
and remove by sliding up the
piston bar
10.
8
10
pack-ing
Replace
needed.
d.
-9
pump packing
sur-ba
1.
8
10
ing
To
replace
e.
Install new packing
sliding down over the
piston bar and tighten to form a
seal.
watertight
Complete the
assembly by reversing the
The smooth
procedure.
face of the piston bar
that
slides through the valve stem
and the
packing
packing nut
should not be scratched
or.
gouged with the jaws of pliers
etc.
pipe wrenches
Damaging the
surface of the piston bar will
cause rapid failure of the valve
stem packing.
nut
9
to
by
disas-sembly
packing
Upper
Loosen packing nut
slide nut up piston bar
provide access to pack-
10
9
8
a.
and
if
Piston
Guide
4
The upper piston guide
will
wear in the direction of the pump
handle as the flat piston bar
rubs against the guides.
As the
4
upper piston guide wears the
iston bar
will tend to wear
piston
side
on one
of the packing
nut.
The watertight
seal at the
nut might be disrupted if the
nut wears to one side.
A
packing
thin layer of heavy-bodied
grease
on the upper-piston
guide and the
handle side of the flat piston bar
should prolong the life of the
the
guide.
Replace
upper piston
when
wear
exceeds 1/8
inch
guide
10
Remove
remainder of
with
packing
a fine-pointed
tool such as a small screwdriver.
b.
pack-ing
c.
Install new valve
stem packing
recommended
by
pump manufacturer
9
d.
Slide packing nut
down piston bar and tighten to
form watertight
seal.
3.2 mm.
1.2
Sealed
Pump Flanges
bacteriological
pump handle.
Remove
testing.
ade-g
Many older model pump stands have
flanged pump bases bolted directly
to the concrete
pad or to a sealed
pump flange mounted on top of the
The flange gaskets in
casing.
these connections
must be
to provide
a water-tight
seal and prevent contamination
of
the well.
bolts
must
be
Mounting
ti ht and
the
flange gaskets must
be in good condition.
If
5.
is
system for
handle.
main-tained
test
bacteriological
satisfactory open the water
Well
Install
use.
Cleaning
the
pump
Flushing
or
wells are not cleaned
at the low pumping rate
quately
of hand pumps.
As a result
of
eventually accumulations
sediment rust particles etc.
might affect the physical quality
of the well water
At some
sites periodic well cleaning
can be beneficial.
Districts
should consult
facility engineers
or zone environmental
engineers
on specific installations.
table pump jacks with gasoline
engines are available to operate
the
pump cylinder mechanically.
Well Disinfection
The well should be disinfected
whenever
the pump stand is raised
or removed for maintenance.
The
disinfection
is
procedure
described below
Por-into
stock-be
Pour chlorine solution
the well just before installing pump cylinder and drop pipe
This shall be a soluassembly.
tion of 2 cups 0.0005 m3 of
5% chlorine bleach diluted with 5
gallons 0.0189 m3 of potable
water.
Chlorine solution should
diffused into the well through
a water
hose or pipeline as the
line is alternately raised and
lowered.
1.
After installation
operate the hand pump until
distinct chlorine odor is
detected
in the discharge.
Districts should consider
ing the following
common spare
parts for hand pump maintenance
2.
a
3.
Remove
the pump handle
and allow the chlorine solution
to remain in the well at least 24
hours.
4.
After at least 24 hours
flush the well until the free
chlorine residual is less than
0.5 mg/1.
Take water sample for
All artwork
Parts
Spare
Use
Packing
2.
Graphite
3.
Gaskets
4.
Upper
5.
Res-ervoir
a
pump
parts
13
rope
25
piston
3
packing
9
40
guide
cover
4
17
standard brand of hand
order to reduce required
inventory on a District.
in
this article except figure 4
c
monitor Division
Manufacturing
Company
all other publication
rights reserved.
in
nuts
1.
was provided by the Baker
Evansville. Wisconsin
-Al
GREENHOUSE TEMPERATURE
number of alarm units required
to cover
the area the system
includes
an isolation light
was
panel.
structed Thaits ptheanel
Lab it has 25
low-voltage
bulbs each
to a separate sensor
unit with 7 spare circuits.
The light panel detects any unit
that is causing a problem.
This
eliminates the need to search
five buildings.
ALARM SYSTEM
Vanderpool
Nicolet
The
Civil
National
Forestry
Engineer
Forest R-9
corre-sponding
Sciences
Laboratory
at Rhinelander
Wis. has several
and growth rooms in
greenhouses
which experiments are conducted
on forest products.
The large
investment in time and effort in
the research of this work warranted the installation of a
Thermalarm temperature warning
device.
In addition
to the
system provided by the manufacturer the Lab installed an
isolation light panel to indicate the unit causing the
problem.
The light panel was constructed
from a 24-inch by 24-inch 0.6-m
stan-dard
box
the light bulbs are mounted
front cover.
Each bulb
number corresponds
to a location
listed on a chart attached
to
the unit.
Sensor wires from the
temperature alarm and boiler
failure relays run into the light
panel unit and then into the
unit.
A relay on
phone-alert
each incoming positive wire
isolates the signals.
A diode
attached
in line prevents the
battery current from traveling
back through the system and
lighting all. the bulbs.
Thus
positive contact must be made for
any bulb to light and the relays
isolate the signal.
Also the
has
switch
that
tests
a
system
all the light bulbs at once to
This
see if any have burned out.
switch feeds power directly from
the battery to the bulbs.
in
The Lab bought the basic system
from Thermalarm Products Inc.
Effingham Falls N.H.
Fifteen
temperature sensors were installed in the various greenhouses and growth rooms each
sensor has an adjustable high
and low alarm limit.
In addi_
tion three failure relays were
installed on the boilers providing heat to the rooms equipped
with sensors.
These relays
activate an alarm system when
the temperature reaches a predetermined high or low setting.
The alarm sytem also includes a
phone-alert
unit which will
dial as many as five different
numbers with a pretelephone
recorded message to warn of
either a temperature problem or
a boiler failure.
The phonealert plugs into a telephone
jack it also uses a backup
battery power supply in case
This
power is off.
package has an individual unit
test system.
the
This system is complex in design
but simple in operation.
The
alarm
prebuilt
solve
components
the problem and the isolation
light panel helps to find the
unit in trouble and to test the
With the time and money
system.
in the
already invested
house research projects the
system will have to work only
once -- on a cold February
night -- to save many times its
cost.
green-electrical
Because of the size of the
Forestry Sciences Lab and the
15
Con-TRANSPORTATION
MORE ON CONCRETE
Michael
T23-80I Making and Curing
CYLINDER
crete Compressive and Flexural
Strength Test Cylinders in the
Field cylinders must be packed
in suitable
containers
surrounded
sawdust
for
sand
wet
or
wet
by
The
carrier
shipping.
cylinder
described in the article appears
to be impractical
for placing
wet
sand or wet sawdust around the
A. Kelly Materials
Engineering Technician
Mt. Hood
Editors
response
Concrete
National
Note
Forest R-6
This article
to Transportation
is
a
of
Cylinders which
Notes Volume
Number 6 June 1980. Another
Cylinder
response Concrete
appeared
in Field
cylinders.
12
elimi-Field
rec-Transportation
in a
Placing the cylinders
tangular box and filling the box
with wet sand or sawdust
and
nates any clanging together
rolling around in the back of a
Field Notes readers
pickup.
should know that failure to
low the proper AASHTO
procedure
during cylinder transportation
with
results in nonconformance
the Forest Service Standard
Specifications.
fol-tant
appeared in the
1980 issue of
November-December
Notes Volume 12 Number 7.
Transportation of Concrete
Cylinders overlooks an impor-
The carrier described
point.
that article is a rectangular
box with 8 holes cut for 6-inch
152.4-mm diameter concrete
to AASHTO
According
cylinders.
in
17
TO READERS
INVITATION
NOTES
FIELD
reader
Every
author of an article for Field Notes.
a potential
is
would
OF
we
If
you
have a news
item
or short
respec-tive
informa-tive
article
you
Field
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invite
you
send
to
for publication
it
Notes.
submitted
Material
the Washington
to
Regional Office to see that
and
of
interest
may vary from
news
Service
to
Forest
several
items are
and
information
to
FSM
several
7113.
The
of
length
to
the
should
be
submitted
material
short
Office should
Washington
drawings
original
by the
accurate
typewritten pages however
submitted
illustrations
all
current timely technically
is
Engineers
Service
All material
ideally
should be reviewed
Office for publication
sentences
short
preferred.
double-spaced
the
glossy
articles
or
be typed
or
prints
negatives.
Field
Notes
Area
Headquarters
list
to
ask
distributed
is
from
the
Office directly
Washington
Forests and Forest
Service
retirees.
If
you
to
are
your Office Manager or the Regional Engineering Technical
increase
from the
number
the
Washington
of
Systems
issues
and
on the mailing
are
Coordinator
also
available
Office.
Field
personnel should submit
their
Regic
material
for publication
or
questions
concerning Field Notes
to
Coordinators
I
R-1
Melvin
R-2
Royal
R-3
Juan
Coordinators
Data
copies sent to your office. Copies of back
Station
Regional
all
not currently
Dittmer
M.
Ryser
Gomez
should
direct
R-4
Ted
R-5
Paul
Wood
Stutes
R-6
Kjell
R-8
Tom
questions
Mujeebul
R-10
Bo McCoy
WO
Bakke
Hasan
R-9
Al
Colley
Vanderpool
concerning
format editing
publishing
dates
and other
problems to
Forest
Service-USDA
Engineering
P.O.
RP-E
Bldg
Rome
Editor
Staff
Gordon
L.
Box 2417
Washington
Telephone
D.C.
20013
Area Code 703 235-8198
c
GnVERNMENT
PRINTING
1
OFFICE
1981
720-006/3858
Ali
Attn
-
IJýS
INFORMATION-Engineering
Volume
13
Number
1
Field
Notes