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3
ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL
FIELD NOTES
TECHNICAL REPORTS
DATA RETRIEVAL
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
SYSTEM
PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
-q1
VOLUME
NUMBER
2
Notes
Field
Figueroa Mountain
I
Rubberized
Chipseal
Bituminous
Skyline
Analysis Program
Washington
Office
FOREST SERVICE
ýpF51
News
FEBRUARY
SEgyk
Era.c.E
U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
1978
ERRATA
TO
JANUARY
FIELD NOTES
10
1
Volume
Correct page
4
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of
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of
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5i
ýI
II
4I
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ýI
ýI
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Cs1
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4
to
Number
read
the box labeled SANITARY
ENGINEER
Sanitary Engineer and Leon Lehr
In
Correct page
Change
Correct page
7
to
add Bill Opfer between
read
William to Bill Opfer
11
to
read
Change William Cournay to William Gournay
US
ENGINEERING FIELD NOTES
Volume
Information
contained
in
this
publication
10
has
Number
2
been developed
for
of employees
respon-sibility
of
the
United
Federal
cooperating
for
The
the
of any
guidance
its
The Department of Agriculture
agencies.
by other than
of this information
contractors
assumes
its
own
and
its
no
employees.
firm or corporation
names in this publication is for the information and
Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval
or service
product
may be
text in the
publication
be
or policy
except
engineers
and engineering
intended
by the United
construed
by
States
Department of Agriculture
to the exclusion
suitable.
must not
not
Service
Agriculture-Forest
of the reader.
of others that
The
and State
of
interpretation or use
use of trade
convenience
Department
States
as
FSM
exclusively
the personal
represents
recommended
Because
references.
technicians
for
opinions
or approved
should
of the type
read each
issue
however
engineers.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Washington
D.C.
author and
of material in the publication
FOREST SERVICE
U.S.
of the respective
procedures mandatory instructions
20013
this
publication
all
is
MOUNTAIN
FIGUEROA
BITUMINOUS
CHIPSEAL
RUBBERIZED
SURFACE
TREATMENT
Jim Penskoverr
Civil
Engineer
Sheldon Perkins
Chuck Sheen
District Engineer
Project
Padres
Los
Inspector
National Forest
R-5
aggre-gate
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A worn cracked asphalt pavement was successfully coated with an
The seal is now over
with a latex rubber additive.
surface chipseal
a
year old
and
a 10-year
life
expectancy
or
greater is predicted.
the 2-1/2
mile length of road
little serious
wide
had
with
developed
fig. 1.
up
of this
the
that
most
of
the
surface.
It
was
consensus
deformation
consolidation
due
to
either
or
expansion
during
subgrade
cracking was
not
Basement
Thereforeremoval
and
were
wet periods.
repair
performed.
The
project had
alligator cracks
Cracks
to
1/4
throughout
inch
be-tween
soils
consisted
of mixed
expansive shales
and
clays.
using this road consisted of autos and light trucks with an
one per month full HS-20 load.
Daily traffic averaged
with
maximums
120 and 150 vehicles
exceeding 500 vehicles during
and
early
spring weekend.
hunting season snow-play weekends
The traffic
occasional
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
located near Vandenburg Air
A small test strip of rubberized chipseal
Force Base was examined.
Indications were that the rubber additive
greatly improved low temperature flexibility of the mat and drastically
increased the tackiness of the asphaltic emulsion.
Aggregate that was
1
Jim Penzkover
has
been
transferred to the Idaho
Forest.
1
Panhandle
National
cracks
in
mile road.
ad-hering
Figure
AZZigator
1.
slightly imbedded in the
one
foot
out
it
of
the
mat
2-1/2
rubberized emulsion
could
be pulled as much
with a rubber band-like string of rubber
as
No
stone
back when released.
After conferring with the Santa
Barbara County Department of Public Works who placed the test strip a
specification was developed for the Figueroa Mountain Project.
to
excess
chips
and
the
remained
string
the
on
the
pulled
surface.
COST COMPARISONS
The following table shows annual cost and present value when compared
with latex rubber
conventional aggregate aggregate chipseal
against
seal
at
6-1/8
interest.
slurry
percent
2
and
Alternatives
1.
Conventional
chip
2.
3.
chip
latex
Expected2
Cost
Value
Life
$2780
$31540
2160
24480
10 yrs.
2770
31480
4
6-2/3
yrs.
seal
rubber
Slurry seal
1Present
Present
seal
Aggregate
with
aggregate
Annual
value represents
a
20-year
need
for
this
road
yrs.
surface.
the aggregate seal with latex
rubber is considered
The city of Chula Vista California has chipseals
native soils still in good condition with 15 years of service.
over
Expected life on alternatives 1 and 3 are maximums based on similar
2Expected
life
of
conservative.
roads.
Alternative number one has a replacement calculated at 6-2/3 years and
Alternative number two has a replacement calculated at
13-1/3 years.
alternative
number three has a replacement every 4 years.
and
year 10
PROJECT DESIGN
brooming and washing cracked
Project specifications called for complete
the
cracked
with SS-1 at 0.08 gallon/
areas
and dirty areas sealing
and RS-2
inch
4 chips
and
a
3/8
x No.
yard2
applying
single
chipseal
Six
of
and
0.35
latex
at
the
rate
22
pounds/yard2
gallon/yard2.
with
of
emulsion
about
ton
of
latex
rubber
were
added
asphalt
per
gallons
Added cost of the latex rubber shipping to Santa
2-1/2%
by volume.
and associated expenses cost the
Maria from La Mirada California
This amounts to about
a 7
of
additive.
about
$9 per gallon
cost
above
a
conventional
increase to project
chipseal.
con-tractor
per-cent
CONSTRUCTION
Preparation work began by power brooming the old pavement surface.
SS-l asphalt emulsion
Cracked areas were hosed to remove imbedded dirt.
The
latex
rubber TEXAPAVE
tack
coat was
applied and allowed to cure.
was added to the RS-2 by pouring it from 5-gallon factory containers
The distributor truck agitated the
into the loaded distributor truck.
mixture by pumping it through its pressure pump for about 15 minutes.
The mixture was spread and the aggregate was immediately placed and
There was
little appreciable difference
rolled with a pneumatic roller.
The
first
in appearance or workability from a conventional
chipseal.
the
freshly
noticeable difference appeared when traffic drove over
3
rolled aggregate with virtually no stone pickup.
The mat was immediately
for
slow
traffic
and
set
for
appeared
normal traffic within
ready
enough
1 hour
was
78
air temperature
approximately
degrees.
All chips
mat
were attached to the
with only a very small
latex rubber/asphalt
mixture
remained
during
aggregate application for
The asphalt
mixture will not set up prematurely
approximately 6 hours.
providing the temperature remains within specification tolerances.
amount
of
to
even
them.
those
The
asphalt
adhering
in the distributor truck
The chipsealed surface today still has its original elasticity and the
old cracks
have not reappeared fig. 2. Small but strong strands of
rubber adhere to the stone when pulled from the surface however all
stones
are firmly imbedded into the mat.
f
Figure
2.
ChipseaZed surface
1
year
4
Zater.
Note the
surface
roughness.
ADVANTAGES
OF USING LATEX RUBBER
durability and
is greatly improved.
1.
Mat
2.
Skid
resistance is much better than
3.
Chip
retention is almost
4.
No
5.
Life expectancy
bleeding
or
strength
100
double
a conventional
occurs.
or more.
DISADVANTAGES OF USING LATEX RUBBER
1.
2.
Some inconvenience
is encountered
ADDITIVE
in adding latex rubber.
mixture overrun must be disposed
Excess asphalt
will not allow it to be returned.
supplier
GENERAL
chipseal.
percent.
summer softening
is
ADDITIVE
of
since
COMMENTS
have chipsealed 17 miles of native and gravel surfaced roads using
both single and double seal coat applications with latex additives.
On double seal coats we have required 7 days between applications
from the emulsified
so as to ensure that all moisture has evaporated
recommends
the
latex
within 48 hours
The
manufacturer
using
asphalt.
We
in-stalled
re-duce
after
One local
plant has not
opening and mixing with asphalt.
for latex additive
bulk storage and blending facilities
the costs of handling and purchasing 5-gallon cans.
to
construc-tion
Our experiences have thus far indicated that normal design and
practices for typical bituminous surface treatments also apply to
A prime coat must be used
surface treatments with the latex additive.
because the asphalt-latex mixture provides little penetration into the
The
The mixture bonds
very well to the prime coat.
aggregate.
in-creased
flexibility and elasticity derived
to frost
subject
very desirable in climates
surface
deformation
roads
where
some
speed
the total design thickness of the pavement
should
make the use of latex
con-structed
In addition
on low
tolerated or where
structure cannot be
heave.
can
be
in timber sales contracts
to a lack of supplemental funds
relatively
with
the
latex
additive
may provide a sufficient
a chipseal
basic
investment
in the
free
surface
that
will
the
maintenance
protect
than
and
surface
erosion
much
more
economically
road
surface
prevent
associated
dust
and
other methods i.e. multiple
oiling watering
due
blading.
latex manufacturer recommends adding latex to hot mix and all other
to freeze-thaw conditions.
concrete mixes and seals subject
asphalt
The
5
suc-cessfully
Although we have no experience with asphalt-latex mixtures other than
that described here
it is our opinion that they may very well be
used
in other asphalt
mixtures particularly when increased
cohesion or flexibility is desired.
flexi-biZity
rubber manufacturer
TEXA COTE
claims
their product
modifies asphalts to improve low temperature
and
increases summer temperature viscosity
cohesion
Rubber in
softening point and enhances
aging properties.
latex form amalgamates easily with emulsified asphalts to
TEXAPAVE lattices
form a reinforced rubber-bitumen lattice.
are particles of unvulcanized synthetic rubber in a waste
base emulsion.
The rubber particles are extremely small and
The latex
TEXAPAVE
ex-posed
Thus
a very large amount of surface area is
bitumen during mixing which promotes rapid and
blends
The
latex rubber easily
thorough dispersion of rubber.
into emulsified asphalts at temperatures between
140 and 150
degrees Fahrenheit.
uniform.
to
the
TEXAPA VE looks like and has the consistency of cream-colored
The shelf
latex paint but it is very sticky like glue.
latex
similar
It
is
essential
to use the
is
to
life
paint.
TEXAPAVE 65k with cationic asphalt
cationic latex rubber
emulsions and anionic TEXAPAVE 70 with anionic asphalt
emulsions.
Information may be obtained from TEXACOTE
INC. Textile
Rubber and Chemical Company 14241 East AZondra Boulevard
La Mirada
The Special
California
90638.
Project Specifications
used
for
this
project were as
follows
SPECIAL PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
FIGUEROA CHIP
SEAL
Forest Service Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and
and Section 100 General Specifications
11/13/73
Bridges 1972 Editions
is modified as follows
incorporated by reference
SECTION 407
407.04
-
TACK COAT
Preparation of Surface to be Treated.
and substitute the following
6
Delete
entire paragraph
The Forest
pavement
407.05
Service will patch and clean
prior to applying tack coat.
Application
of Bituminous
the
existing asphalt
Add
Material.
Emulsified Asphalt Grade SS-l shall be spread
the rate of 0.08 gallon per square yard.
SECTION 410
410.02
-
BITUMINOUS
SURFACE
TREATMENT
Add the
Bituminous Materials.
uniformly at
following
anionic rubber additive
TEXAPAVE 70 or equivalent
shall
of additive for each ton
be added at the rate of six gallons
The additive shall be added prior to
of emulsified asphalt.
and
agitated thoroughly according to manufacturers
application
An
published
410.04
specifications.
Construction Requirements
-
General.
Add the
following
concrete
placed on all Portland cement
and
to
surfaces
as sidewalks
driveways
curbing
prevent
to areas
to
from coating concrete surfaces
adjacent
asphalt
is
to
be
removed
After
of
be sealed.
application
chips paper
materials on concrete
Excess
edge.
asphalt
leaving a straight
be disposed of by
and
shall
shall be cleaned
building paper
Building
paper
shall
be
such
the
410.08
Contractor.
deter-mined
The first
sentence
is
deleted
and
the
following is substituted
The accepted quantities of bituminous surface treatment
price
as provided above will be paid for at the contract
and per
ton
for bituminous material and rubber additive
per
in place which price and payment
ton for aggregates complete
will be full compensation for the work in this Section.
SECTION
702.05
702
MATERIALS
- BITUMINOUS
Application Temperatures.
the following substituted
Temperature
be not less
of
asphalt
than
150
The first
sentence
is deleted
and
emulsion at the time of application
than 180 degrees
F. nor more
degrees
7
shall
F.
SECTION
714
714.1
Rubberized
-
RUBBER
ADDITIVE
additive
ASPHALT EMULSION
FOR
for
emulsion shall
asphalt
conform
to
the
following requirements
Monomer Ratio Butadiene/Styrene
Solids Content
min. %
Solids Content
min. lbs./gal.
Coagulum on 80 mesh screen max.
Mooney viscosity of Polymer ML4
Ph of Latex
Surface Tension dynes/cm
Brookfield
For
and
714.2
67
5.3
%
@
0.1
212F.
min
100
9.4-10.5
28-42
1000-2000
cps
formulation purposes
5.4
Rubber
Viscosity
70/30
average solids
content
runs
68%
lbs./gal.
additive
specified
rate
shall
in
the
be
asphalt emulsion at the
Supplemental Construction Specifications.
added
to
the
i
714.3
Rubber
additive
shall
be blended
recommendations.
714.4
The rubber
be
opened
additive
just
shall be
prior
to
in
according to manufacturers
sealed
adding into
8
the
containers and
emulsion.
shall
SKYLINE
ANALYSIS
PROGRAM
J.
Robert McRae
Six Rivers National Forests
R-5
A new
programs have been developed for live standing
running
multiple span skyline analysis and are on file for your use
at the Fort Collins Computer Center
FCCC. The topographic data for
and calculations of the net payloads for either flying or
load analysis
dragging loads are prepared from these programs.
set of
skyline
and
The multiple span skyline analysis program has been revised from the
Carson formulation outlined in PNW Research Note 31 1975 and expanded
The live standing
and
by John Sessions to include mainline effects.
also
John
Sessions
using the
running skyline programs were
developed by
link
formulation
proposed by Carson in PNW Research Note 205
rigid
The
do
1976.
not require the use of a plotter however for
programs
minimum cost it is advantageous to have the
critical points.
The programs are interactive in that they can be run
in the demand mode rather than
batch.
This allows the operator to
examine the output
and changing input information to adjust the geometry
for recalculation
of the loads.
the
most
efficient
use
and
of running the live standing
and running skyline analysis
The cost of running the
programs is approximately $0.06 per profile.
multiple span skyline analysis program is approximately $1 per profile.
Note that the above costs are approximate only and are dependent upon
exercised.
the number of options
The cost
interpre-tation
For further information
documentation
input instructions or
please write John Sessions
output of these programs
Service Advanced Logging Systems Training Program Department
Forest
School of Forestry
Forest
Oregon State University
Engineering
97331
FTS 8-420-4420.
Corvallis
Oregon
of
1FormerZy
the
Advanced
Logging
Systems Training Program Oregon
University.
9
State
of
I
WASHINGTON
OFFICE NEWS
CONSULTATION
AND
Walter
BILLING
Furen
Director
E.
Assistant
MONTHLY
FOR ELECTRIC
The monthly billing for electric service
and government customers usually consists
for
of
SERVICE
large
two
industrial
Demand
commercial
parts
This varies directly with the amount
Energy Cost.
the
during
billing period measured in kilowatt hours
1.
used
STANDARDS
of
energy
kWh.
based on the maximum power demand during
The reason for this cost
kW.
billing period
can be illustrated by comparing two customers
with equal energy use but
demands.
different
Customer A has a load of 5 kW which he operates 200
hours
per month making his monthly energy use 1000 kilowatt hours.
Customer B has a load of 10 kW which he operates
100 hours
per month
his
use
also
kilowatt-hours
month.
making
1000
However the power
per
i.e. generators
company must have more or larger equipment
and transmission lines to supply customer
B compared
to
that
for customer A.
2.
Cost.
This
is
measured in kilowatts
the
transform-ers
re-quired
Another way of illustrating the relative cost of electric demand is by
For example if you want to haul 10
analogy with other kinds of power.
of
material
in
will
need a 10-ton truck but if you
tons
one trip you
make
The
are willing to
two trips you can get by with a 5-ton truck.
amount
in
of work
equipment
accomplished in each case is the same but the investment
is less when the work is spread
out over a longer period of
time.
Billing demand can often be reduced by rescheduling operations to spread
the use of energy over
a longer period of time or by using
equipment
with a lower horsepower or kW rating.
Time clocks
interlock controls
and other
devices can also be used to prevent simultaneous operation of
equipment.
10
TECHNOLOGICAL
IMPROVEMENTS
Heyward T. Tay Zor
Assistant Director
LEVELS IN
MONITORING OF TURBIDITY
SURFACE-SOURCE DRINKING-WATER SYSTEMS
drinking-water
Regula-tions
93-523 was enacted
to ensure
directed
The
Act
public
drinking
to
establish
national
Environmental
Protection
EPA
the
Agency
The National Interim Primary Drinking Water
regulations.
These regulations
40 CFR Pt. 141 were promulgated in 1975.
contained in FSM 7420 require the Forest Service to monitor and control
In
1974
that
the
Safe
Drinking Water Act
is provided
the
with
P.L.
safe
water.
A recent
turbidity levels in surface-source drinking-water systems.
that
about
787
Forest
Service
revealed
potable water supply inventory
that
fall
under
the
utilize
surface-source
facilities
supplies
regulations.
A water
sample
must
be taken
each
day
a
water
system
is
in
use
and
tested
for turbidity within
Additionally
any single water sample
level
of
tested
exceeds a maximum
one nephelometric turbidity unit NTU
In view of
must
be taken preferably within 1 hour.
a repeat
sample
to have
time limitations
it is often impossible or very
costly
these
of
water
certified independent laboratories measure the turbidity
24 hours.
samples
obtained from remote
if
field
locations.
1NepheZometric turbidity units correspond to the method of turbidity
measurement when using a nephelometric turbidimeter--an instrument for
or particle size of suspensions by means
determining the concentration
transmitted
or
reflected
of
Light.
11
i
II
con-tact
Managers of Forest Service facilities should review their electric bills
to monitor and wherever possible to reduce energy use and see if the
If so efforts should
be
bills include
any significant demand charges.
the
maximum
demand.
The
best
to
this
is
to
made to reduce
approach
their assistance.
The
the electric utility company and request
have
staff
who
will
be
knowledgeable
people
utility companies generally
is
also
available
from
the
Office.
Assistance
Washington
glad to help.
FY 1977 turbidimeters were investigated and tested
by San Dimas
to determine if they
Equipment Development Center SDEDC
engineers
could
be adopted for field use in remote locations.
Parameters examined
included accuracy
cost portability and reliability.
In
turbidimeters were tested at two independent laboratories and at
to determine if the meters met EPA design criteria and to
determine their overall operating characteristics.
The MonitekPortable
Model 21 Turbidimeter Monitor Technology
Inc. Redwood City CA
since it
was found to be the most practical for remote field locations
Seven
San
Dimas
port-able
that was battery operated and portable.
one found
However
now being conducted on two additional battery-operated
Lomb
turbidimeters one made by Bausch
Rochester N.Y. and the
HF
Other turbidimeters
other
Instruments
Bolton
by
Ontario Canada.
tested can be used wherever turbidity of water is to be measured and
there
is a source of power.
was the
tests
only
are
labora-tories
measur-ing
variations in data obtained from the two
occurred because of different methods of
Differences were also encountered in turbidity readings
turbidity.
between the turbidimeters because of differences in the spectral response
During the
and
test
at
program
San
Dimas
turbidi-meter
re-corded
in each turbidimeter.
Thus it is expected that
optics systems
different
results.
To minimize
turbidimeters
will
different
produce
for
in
a
methodology
turbidity readings
specific
discrepancies
and
should
be
adopted
calibration
sample taking
operation
of turbidities.
A suggested
and included with any report
Record
to
be issued upon
in
San
Dimas
will be provided
a
Project
of
the
method-ology
con-sisting
project completion.
read-ing
In general
of
all
a
of
light
the
turbidimeters tested
source for
operate the same each
water sample and one or
illuminating the
located 90 degrees to the incident
light
more photoelectric detectors
detectors
to
the
A meter connected
photoelectric
provides a
path.
in
the water sample.
of
scattered
of the intensity
light
by particles
turbidimeter is supplied with one or more-reference standards that
of a
A reference standard consists
are used for calibration purposes-.
inside.
of
known
tube with a liquid suspension
turbidity
sealed
glass
The glass tube is designed to fit in an enclosure called a cell that is
After the turbidimeter is turned on and
part of the turbidimeter.
A
is placed in the cell.
allowed to warm up the reference standard
and
the
the standard that keeps
out stray light
cover
is placed over
turbidimeter is then adjusted to read the same as the known standard.
The standard is then taken out of the cell and replaced by a sample
The cover is replaced over
the water to be measured.
tube
that contains
and turbidity of the water sample is read from the meter
the sample tube
Each
in
NTUs.
12
OPERATIONS
Harold L. Strickland
Assistant Director
ORGANIZATIONAL
STUDY
Currently a consultant is studying the Washington Office organization to
In conjunction with this
determine the effectiveness of the organization.
study Engineering was asked to provide a discussion on the effects of
recent
legislation and/or administrative decisions on the WO Engineering
Staff.
We think our response
which follows may be of interest to you.
follow-ing.
re-lationship
of recent
achieve a good understanding of the effects
legislation and/
administrative decisions on our staff it is important to the
discussion that we have a common understanding of the mission and role
of the Engineering Staff
Unit.
The following is intended to show the
of legislative matters and administrative decisions to the
To
or
job we are
total
required to accomplish.
the role of Engineering in the Forest
Service is to provide the
technical and professional leadership in all fields of engineering which
Service programs in Research
are needed to accomplish Forest
State and
Private Forestry and the protection
and development of lands
management
This leadership involves
in the National Forest
the setting of
System.
First
perfor-mance
policies
objectives
providing systems standards of
programs
and performing review evaluation
and accountability.
Included
in
this
mission
is
specific responsibility for
Providing timely and competent
engineering consultation to line
for
as
new
solution of engineering
managers
required
programs
in
or
more
effective methods for
problems
on-going programs
developing
the
of
Forest
Service
handling
engineering aspects
operations.
1.
and
staff
Providing the required engineering capacity by use of In-Service
through technically supervised consultants to accomplish the
planning
design construction
operation and maintenance of all physical
facilities built by the Forest Service regardless of purpose to be served
used.
This includes
basic responsibility for providing
or source of funds
technical standards
design criteria
review and technical acceptance of
designs and specifications for facilities whether developed by a
or by In-Service forces.
2.
forces
or
consul-tant
13
Providing engineering direction and management of engineering
activities
support
including management of the transportation system
fleet
and maps cadastral surveying and technical
equipment
surveys
solid
waste and waste water treatment
and disposal
dam
drafting
safety
engineering applications
computer
systems and technical and
economic input to administrative and recreation facility management and
3.
operations.
4.
Providing professional engineering consultation and review for
under construction
or
engineering aspects of improvements
proposed
being operated on lands in the National Forest System by others whether
under
easement or special use permit.
This includes
review of
means of accomplishing the proposed installation which would better
meet National Forest management objectives
and review of designs
specifications operating procedures and maintenance requirements.
This also includes
consultation on determining land management objectives
that will best meet public needs where engineering considerations are
alterna-tive
the
engi-neering
soci-eties
profession-ally
fur-therance
neces-sary
con-ferences
involved.
Keeping abreast of current technological advances
in the
and association with professional
through contacts
engineering research groups universities
and other
oriented organizations.
Where it appears that these materials
5.
field
processes
of
equipment or systems may make
the objectives of the Forest
investigations or
6.
Forest
studies
to provide
major contributions to
institute the
Service
the
basis
for
the
implementation.
Providing professional engineering liaison and representing the
as assigned
for staff studies
and work
Service
meetings
with other Government and private organizations.
exper-tise
Interwoven into
all of these
responsibilities are the engineering-related
aspects of legislation and administrative decisions.
Engineering
and experience are continually called upon to contribute to the
formulation of legislative material as well as certain administrative
direction.
This
is
generally only the beginning
of
our
involvement.
Depart-ment
the Engineering Staff was required to contribute a great
example
effort to the preparation of the National Trails System Act of
October 1968.
Our initial effort was to identify and furnish the
of Agricultures
data
concerning existing and needed trails to the
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation in conjunction with their responsibility
for conducting the nationwide trails study.
Their assessment was in
response to President Johnsons Natural Beauty Message of February 8
1965.
The preliminary effort related to the need for legislation and
extended from February 1965 until the passage of the legislation on
October 2 1968.
As
an
deal
of
14
work-ing
was just the beginning.
Following passage of the legislation
of Agriculture and Interior and
between
the
Departments
agreements
between agencies Forest Service Park Service and BLM had to be
were
established.
Advisory councils
required by the legislation and
for them was required.
In October of 1972 the Congress
staff support
the
Federal
Committee
Act which created additional
Advisory
passed
the
activities of the trail councils.
needs
to
continued
staffing
support
This
identifica-tion
in the
governing use of those trails included
of
the
The
requirement
legislation.
and acquirement of rights-of-way for the trails in addition to
and management were all requirements
location
design construction
the
associated with the legislation.
It is accurate to state that
of
associated
with
the
National
Trails
Act
a
minimum
effort
required
staffman
in
this
office
the
of
one full-time
during
period
February 1965
when
the
for
trails
until April 1975
was
management responsibility
This manpower requirement was
to the Recreation Staff Unit.
detailers to this office by
met by requesting the Regions to furnish
farming out individual work assignments to various Regions and by
staff support
located here within Engineering.
Secretarys regulations
Trails Act
were another
re-assigned
indi-vidual
be-fore
man-power
diversified method for acquiring sufficient manpower
determine with accuracy the actual man-years of work
associated specifically with legislative and administrative requirements.
It becomes evident
however that there can be a tremendous impact
during and after the passage of laws which govern management of
Sometimes the impact
is clearly defined and
the National Forests.
is devoted to the effort on a full-time basis.
Generally the
effort prior to enactment is not as great
as it was for the Trails Act
however it is quite common that after passage a similar effort is
generally required in formulating work agreements with other Federal
agencies and preparing Secretarys
regulations along with Forest Service
policy and direction for implementing the requirements of the enacted
As
a
it
is difficult
result
of
this
to
legislation.
APPROVAL
TO
ATTEND
MEETINGS
Administrative
Management has advised us that more attention should be
paid to the justification statement when we fill out a form AD-179 we frequently do not clearly
Request to Attend Meeting.
Apparently
state why the attendees
needs
to go to the meeting.
In addition
FSM 1360 specifies some time requirements for requests that
have to be cleared by the Washington Office.
Most of our trouble has
been with National meeting attendance requests which must be received
30 days in advance
of the travel date.
If you are late with a request
be sure to explain why.
15
TO READERS OF
FIELD NOTES
INVITATION
reader
Every
is
author
potential
a
of an article for Field Notes.
If
you have a news
item or
accu-rate
you would
short article
publication
Material
in
Field
submitted
to share with
like
Service
we
engineers
you
invite
Notes.
to
the
Washington
Office
for
should
publication
be
send
to
it
for
by the
reviewed
Washing-ton
respective
Office
Regional
and of
informative
may
material
submitted
however
short articles
Office
Field
and white
Notes
is
the
list
ask
number
Each
from
or news
information
is
timely technically
FSM 7113. The length
current
Service-wide
engineers
short sentences
several
items are preferred.
double-spaced
all
to
several
typewritten
material submitted
All
should
illustrations
be
to
original
of
pages
the
drawings
or
photos.
and Forest
your Office Manager
sent to
your
Office directly
Service retirees.
or the
office.
Regional
to
Regional Station
all
you
If
Information
are
not
currently
Coordinator
Copies of back issues are also
to
and
on the
increase
from the
available
Office.
Region
questions
to
Forests
of copies
Washington
interest
vary
the
distributed from the Washington
Area Headquarters
mailing
that
be typed
should
black
glossy
to see
has
an
Information
and material
for
Dittmer
R-1
Melvin
R-2
Royal M. Ryser
R-3
Bill
Coordinators
Coordinator
Strohschein
should
direct
The
publication.
Ted
R-5
Jim McCoy
R-6
Kjell
R-8
Bob Bowers
questions
Telephone
submit both
R-9
Fred Hintsala
R-10
F.
WO
W. Baxandall
Al Colley
format editing publishing dates
and other
Service
Staff
Attn Gordon
P.O. Box 2417
Washington
should
personnel
are
Bakke
concerning
Forest
Engineering
field
Wood
R-4
problems to
USDA
whom
to
Coordinators
L.
D.C.
Rm. 1108 RP-E
Rome
or Rita E. Wright
20013
Area Code 703-235-8198
16
U.S.
GOVERNMENT
PRINTING
OFFICE
1978
0-261-474/FS-31