ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL
FIELD
NOTES
TECHNICAL REPORTS
MANAGEMENT
DATA RETRIEVAL
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INFORMATION
SYSTEM
VOLUME
pp
NUMBER
12
Notes
Field
Protecting Steep
7
Terrain During Excavation
One-and
Operations
Delay Costs Involved
Alternatives
Between
Two-Lane Standards
1
1
1.1
National
Maintenance
1
111
Forest
Washington Office News
FOREST SERVICE
REST
DECEMBER
SCMn._
U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
1975
fopEST
SERVZt
USff
INTNAK
FIELD NOTES
ENGINEERING
Volume
Number
7
12
December 1975
This
monthly newsletter
U.S.
Department of Agriculture-Forest Service and
its
assumes no responsibility
for
is
Department of Agriculture
or use
The
of this
use
of trade
convenience
of
The
text
in
procedures
reader.
intended
to
Such
the exclusion
publication
does
type
technicians
material
should
as
or policy
instructions
in
the
read each
is
for
not
the
the
information
or approval
personal
The
except
opinions
by
issue however
20250
of
the
references.
engineers
this
FOREST SERVICE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
of any
or approved
FSM
all
and
official
suitable.
recommended
publication
Washington D.C.
an
constitute
exclusively for engineers.
U.S.
only.
the interpretation
which may be
of others
represents
retirees
employees.
endorsement
and must not be construed
of
own
names
use
employees of the
distribution to
its
recommendation
mandatory
of the
engineering
not
the
author
respective
Because
the
or service
by other than
firm or corporation
conclusion
evaluation
product
information
for
published
and
publication
is
operation.
shoulder.
excavation
at ridge
during
retention
place
Note
in
trees Barrier
terrain.
steep
-
Typical
2.
-
Figure
1.
Figure
PROTECTING STEEP TERRAIN
DURING EXCAVATION OPERATIONS
John E. Best
Six Rivers
Engineer
Civil
Supervisory
National
Forest
construc-tion
Region
5
Because of the ever-increasing emphasis on environmental
faces
inspector
sideslopes
during
on
material
a
challenge
real
in
objectionable
may
hillside
results
in
spillage
techniques
steep
of excavated
some
In
A
when
Even
carelessness.
occurred.
still
on
minor amounts
project was
up
set
slopes which
would
prevent
of a one-mile
section
of the
cases
were
of material
employ and
minimize
or
of
loss
over
lost
utmost care was exercised
the
to
this
of streams.
amounts
considerable
steep
of excessively
vegetation.
existing
projects
the side of sideslopes through
some
kill
and even
down
material
over the side
of material
scars
the
protection
of
spillage
and consequent sedimentation
erosion
During previous excavation
control
to
operations. Loss
excavation
steep terrain results
vegetation
a
construction
test
of
loss
excavated
materials.
The
project consisted
sideslopes
Figure
averaging
shows
1
typical
steep
terrain.
The
geology
consisted
32-foot wide subgrade.
surface.
Seismic
project very
start
the contractor was in a
even for a pioneer
careful
we
consideration
change order and allow the contractor
pioneer
road
provided
line.
we
allowed
simply
that the trees
The change
the center
the
These lower trees supported
screen to
pioneer
slope.
fell
to
leave the
because
of
trees
be
cost to
in
by a
specification
and build
timber
clearing limits
felled
not allow any
too well
clearing
the right-of-way
near the lower
of
spillage
felled
the
place
the
to
parallel
Government
until
excavation
them.
reached
limits
to
the
our
operation.
order resulted in no additional
contractor
we would
since
to modify the
decided
or
at
for
Specifications
access to do the clearing and
dilemma
equipment
for
percent
road with a
rippable
schists
depths.
Power shovels would not work
cut.
150
steep as
be no sidecasting
there would
that
as
a full bench
and
of slates
possible blasting
and the slopes were too steep
rock
After
stated
emphatically
the earthwork
sidecasting
the
percent.
indicated
testing
In
material. Faced with the problem of obtaining
excavated
to
Gasquet-Orleans Road traversing
draws slopes were
The plans called for
60-90
catch
the excavated
operation
until
grade
fig.
trees
material
at
or below the clearing limit would provide
that would be spilled
over the
2. The screen would hold the material
reached
After the pioneer
by
that point and
it
could
road was constructed
inside
be removed without
the balance
side
the
during
a
the
excavation
going
down
of the right-of-way
the
timber
was hauled out and scrapers and D-9s began excavation leaving
the outside as the grade
was brought down. When the grade
ridges were removed
clearing limits the retention
The operation we
sideslopes
fig.
minor amount
of material
The
specification.
lengths. Shorter
ground
longer
to
because
problem the
and
the
trees
however
through
spill
was
the
contractor showed some
normal hauling
the
under
ran
little
and
in
of
violation
reluctance
filled
to
with
slash and
no
the
a
sidecast
shorter than the
fill
depressions
in
holes for material
brush.
Draws
were
a
over draws
Felling trees
of good timber and some
resulted in some breakage
to
only one draw
cutting trees
to
damage
the
these and created
simply spanned
were
very
would have been better
lengths
these
killed
in
logs
in
resulted in the one spill mentioned.
use of logs
irregularities
not
lower
and allowing the
were then pulled.
trees
was quite successful and resulted
felt
3. Pre-existing vegetation
the
reached
by undercutting
The remaining felled
material to fall toward the roadway.
ridges on
retention
financial
loss
to
contractor.
The method
outlined
herein
has
merit
however
it
might be improved
upon
as
follows
1
irregularities
2
Perhaps
at
aesthetic
values
Figure
the
decision
have
3.
-
at
the
lower
or prevent
areas the
to
be
Slopes
clearing
gaps
installation
would be a good investment.
the end of the
making
trees
eliminate
to
in critical
spillage
Before
the
draws and
pre-vent
Machine-place
the
in
limit
screen.
of a chain
The
in
fence
link fence
could
to
be salvaged
project.
to
use
either
carefully
picked clean
of these
methods
the
dollar costs
weighed.
leaving
2
no evidence
of excavation
spillage.
and the
DELAY COSTS INVOLVED IN ALTERNATIVES
BETWEEN ONE- AND TWO-LANE STANDARDS
Robert M. Sullivan
Planning Engineer
Transportation
Forest
Service Transportation
Berkeley
formerly Transportation
Systems
6
Planning and Analysis Region
and Transportation
Forest
Engineers
should
be constructed
the standard
is
liberal
decision
Construction
operating
and
and the relationships
often must
whether a road
decide
Too often
width standard.
on a sound
maintenance
which
of such factors to
the
7721.1
approach.
analytical
costs
of
selection
FSM
interpretation of the guidelines given in
rather than
or an intuitive
analyst
Planners
a one- or two-lane
to
based on a
Group
Analysis
California
can
one-
be considered
or two-lane
by an
standard
are
shown below.
Cost
Relationships
2-lane
Construction
1-lane
Operating Vehicle
1-lane
2-lane
Driver
1-lane
2-lane
Safety
see closing paragraphs
Maintenance
1-lane
2-lane
Environmental
1-lane
2-lane
For a two-lane
road
to
be economically
the
feasible
single-lane road must be greater than the combined
maintenance
and environmental
comparisons have not been
portion of the operating
costs
protection
reliably
that
is
for
determined.
cost
of delay
increased
the
This
double-lane
paper
attributable to congestion
roads.
3
costs
is
attributed
to
a
of construction
road.
concerned
The
safety
with
that
and delay on one-lane
only vehicle
Considering
6 for operating
applied by Region
figure
minute
and driver costs
operating
YEAR
ýLRUCKS
the
in
costs
as
insurance
charged against the delay
indicates that
factor.
30
approximately
IN
NUMBER
OF LOADS PER
from the
Data
of the
YEAR
that
is
the correct cost per minute for use in the above should
Therefore
charges
Association
figure
25-cents-per-minute
0.251
usually are
Truckers
Oregon
X
several fixed
and overhead
depreciation
40%
-
LOGGING
DELAY FOR EMPTY LOGGING
MINUTES PER MILE
RUCKS
included
figure there are
25-cents-per-minute
such
these include
charges.
per
IN
AVERAGE
PER MILE
However
DELAY FOR LOADED
MINUTES PER MILE
1AVERAGE
X
not
of 25 cents
trucks
of logging
costs
the timber appraisal
then
ADDED VEHICLE OPERATING COST
FOR LOGGING TRUCKS
SINGLE LANE VS. DOUBLE LANE
PER
and using
fixed
for
be 15
-
18
cents per minute.
The
forest
Labor
The combined
cents/mile
operating
recreation
is
lubrication
vehicles
by delay
cost
35
of
mph
costs
for
assumed
is
8 cents/minute
cost
is
.........
-- 2 cents/minute
based on the assumption that these
is
of the
Highways
1 and 3
fuel
this
International
4 cents/minute
this
relationship
converts
is
to
in
suggested
Company
Textbook
costs
1970.
approximately
7
which seems reasonable.
cars pickups
passenger
to
be 4 cents/minute
and maintenance.
that fact
is
the
to
Analysis of
logging
2 cents/minute
...................
3
for
follows
Maintenance
figure for item
equal
Economic
mph
as
is
.........................
$5.00/hr
2-cents-per-minute
Winfrey
35
Tires Oil Lubrication
are approximately
The
and other business
Fuel 3 cents/mile
used
and other small vehicles
cars pickups
passenger
administration
1
2
3
The
for
charge
Although
not perceived
an inconvenience
that
this
and other small
that
is
vehicles
figure includes
a real cost
fuel
attributable to
used
for
tires
oil
recreation
generally by the motorist. Conversely the time lost
is
easily
perceived but no
4
real
cost
is
attributed
to
it.
Delay time was estimated
The
analysis
by using the Forest Service Single Lane Simulator model.
assumed
Traffic was comprised of
20%
20%
30%
30%
loaded
trucks
logging
unloaded logging trucks opposing the loaded trucks
associated logging and administrative vehicles and
recreation vehicles.
15% moving
in
the same
direction
as
loaded
15%
trucks
logging
opposing
Since
delay
displayed
.2
is
as
a function
of traffic
volume
the assumed
distribution of traffic
may be
follows
2d
a
o
ý
cc
0
0
.1
d
LL
LL
.0
71
FT
d/2
1200
0600
FACTOR
where
Factor
A
Hourly volume
average
Results
less
than
volume
B
Hour
Factor
C
Delay time.
obtained
100
fig.
of the
vehicles
and
for
per
Simulator
the range of traffic
hour
VPH
delay
v
by daily volume
or a specific
day assumed
from the Single Lane
of traffic
composition
daily
Factor
divided
traffic
1800
B
traffic
daily
is
measure and
distribution.
indicate that
volumes
is
daily volume
volume
almost
in
for
a given
road and
which we are interested
directly
proportional
to
1.
Com-puter
Dimitri
P.
Petropoulos Stanford University Report EEP-35
Sciences
Corporation.
5
as
modified
by
Therefore
d
The
ifthe
for
delay for
V/20
delay for
V/5
total
daily
0.5V
If
as
.10
on chart
.05 on chart above
.20 on the chart above
above
then
d/2 and
2d.
delay distributed as illustrated is
d/24.10Vd4.20V2d2
the distribution were constant
over a long
1.3Vd.
period then the
traffic
may be
displayed
follows
Q
CC
.1
d
Q
.0
d/2
O
delay per vehicle is
average
a volume of V/10
U
M
O
Q
LL
LL
0600
1200
FACTOR
where Factor
A
Hourly volume divided
Factor
B
Hour
of
the
day
1800
B
by daily volume
with
constant
distribution
over
long
period and
Factor
then
C
the same
for
Delay time
total
daily
traffic
volume
.10Vd1
or
23%
For constant
Q
CC
.2
for
the assumed
distribution.
distribution over a short period the traffic
may be
displayed
as
follows
U
pC
0
d
LL
.0
than
1.OVd
2d
.1
O
H
0 .1
less
delay would be
U
Q
LL
d/2
0600
1200
FACTOR
6
B
1800
where Factor
A
Hourly volume divided
Factor
B
Hour
of
day
the
by daily volume
with
distribution
constant
over
short
period and
C
Factor
then
for
Delay time
the same
total
volume
traffic
daily
.20V2d
or
The
54%
latter
greater than for the assumed
Assuming
less
likely
delay
than the
is
not
first
assumed
very sensitive
to
the
distribution of traffic.
a total daily
traffic
volume
rDelay
loadedl
LTruck
in
Delay
Delay
Cd
V
in
sec
Asso.
Admin OPP
Delay
Asso.
Delay
Rec.
SAME
OPP
De1a
AME
OPP
Direction
SAME
which reduces
10
L
in dollars
is
.
.
X
.1
X
X
12
X
.1
X
.1
X
.1
X
.0
X
1/60
V
15
opposing loaded logging
Direction
same
as
loaded
trucks.
logging
trucks.
to
Delay
deyd
Since delay
.02
empty
truck
traffic
18 X
Cd
RecX .0 X .1
Dela
036
the daily cost of delay
X
sec
empty
Admin
L
much
and indicate that the error in estimating
Truck
Cd
2.OVd
distribution.
two distribution examples seem
distribution
assumed
delay would be
truck
times of associated
are the
same
logging
these categories
7
Delay
Delay
Pass
Pass
OPP
SAME
and administrative
have been combined.
60
and recreation
If
we assume
season which would seem
a 150-day
per year
delay
dollars
in
Cd and
150
is
rate the present worth of the
interest
if
delay
total
as
CTPW
Assume
a daily volume
vehicles
for
150
of 500 vehicles.
Cd
be on the high side then
to
we assume
costCTPW
10.00
The
a 20-year
in
dollars
of
cost
and an
life
8%
expressed
is
15000d
delays for the
average
different
types
of
con-sidered
Figure
2
volume
this
are shown
in
Table
1
the values
are taken from
delay
for
and are the values from Petropoulos paper rather than those derived
Sullivans
test figures.
to
Petropoulos values are based on more
test
from
runs and are
be more
accurate.-Thus
using those figures
CTPW
.03 22.4
.02
19.4
25.8
22.8
1560
j
1500
I
$33500/mile.
Therefore
eliminating
standard
is
volume
using
delays
is
double-lane
vpd
a daily
for
$33500/mile.
standard
for
of 500 vehicles
This
figure
high
is
a
per year the present
standard
most of the terrain
high. Assuming
extremely
150 days
double-lane
the
in
enough
consider
to
6
Region
more reasonable
than
rather
however
volume
daily
a
the
worth of
single-lane
use
of the
the volume
of 500
of 250 vehicles
gives
delay times shown in Table 2.
the average
Using those figures
CTPW
036 10.4
.02
9.0
12.0
10.8
i
1500
2601
/
$7800/mile.
This
delay
cost under most of the conditions encountered
than the extra cost of applying
The
the
validity
results
traffic
the
of the above
results
are considerably
ADT
volume
at
which
the double-lane
in
rests
error
on the
validity
indicate
they
which two lanes are recommended
a single-lane
feasible.
8
Region
of the model.
that
in
the
FSM
accommodate
road can
in
6
would be
less
standard.
value
7721.1
or which
However
of average
far
even
if
daily
below
is
set
is
economically
6-0
TURNOUT
AVERAGE
100
648
SPEED
160
VOLUME
OF TRAFFIC
IN
DIRECTION
VOLUME
1
w y
x
-. Q N
OF TRAFFIC
IN
DIRECTION
.
120
._
.
U
2
..
.
--
.
O
. py
Q
p
_
ro
O
.
-
140
0
Q
u
I
W
9
MPH
LOGGING TRUCKS
31
FPS
21
LOGGING TRUCKS EMPTY
38 FPS
26 MPH
PASSENGER CARS
38 FPS
26 MPH
% OF LOADED LOGGING TRUCKS
20% OF TOTAL VOLUME
VOLUME
% OF EMPTY LOGGING TRUCKS
20% OF TOTAL
180
Z
O
W
LENGTH
SPACING
DESIRED
I
TURNOUT
200
5280
-
ROAD LENGTH
NO OF TURNOUTS
----
77
100
oo
0
80-60
----
---
FIGURES TAKEN FROM PETROPOULOS
WRITEUP INTERPOLATED
M.
40
SULLIVAN
IiTTEiI
20
VEHICLES/HOUR
100
Figure
1.
- Average
delay for a daily
300
200
volume
of 500
vehicles.
PASSENGER
CAR SAME
LOADED
LOGGING TRUCKS
20% OF ADT
HOURLY
VOL.- ADT
ASSUMED
HOUR
HOURLY
LOGGING
20% OF
AVG.
ASSUMED ADT
NO.
IN
SECS
DIRECTION
DIRECTION
LOADED
TRUCK 30%
OF ADT
FROM LOADED
TRUCK 30%
OF ADT
AS
TRUCKS
ADT
AVG.
DELAY
VOL. FOR
DISTRIBUTION
EMPTY
DELAY
NO.
SECS
IN
NO.
0700
- 0800
.0
25
5
8
5
0800
- 0900
.0
25
5
8
5
7
8
0900
-
1000
.1
50
10
16
10
14
1000
-
1100
.1
50
10
16
10
14
1100
-
1200
.2
100
20
36
20
31
1200
-
1300
.2
100
20
36
20
31
1300
-
1400
.1
50
10
16
10
1400
-
1500
.1
50
10
16
1500
-
1600
.0
25
5
1600
-
1700
.0
25
5
500
100
1.00
Table
1.
- Average
delay
per
9
AVG.
AVG.
DELAY
DELAY
IN
SECS
NO.
IN
SECS
7
9
8
8
9
15
17
15
19
15
17
5
19
30
36
30
41
30
36
30
41
14
15
17
15
19
10
14
15
17
15
19
8
5
7
8
8
8
5
7
7
22.4
mile
PASSENGER
CAR OPP.
7
100
19.4
by vehicle
type for
7
150
500 ADT.
8
8
22.8
8
9
7
9
150
25.8
...
---LOGGING
ROAD LENGTH 5280
NO OF TURNOUTS
9
TURNOUT
LENGTH
100
TURNOUT
SPACING
648
AVERAGE
DESIRED
SPEED
LOGGING TRUCKS
31 FPS
21 MPH
EMPTY
38 FPS
26 MPH
TRUCKS
PASSENGER CARS
38 FPS
26 MPH
% OF LOADED LOGGING TRUCKS
20%
OF TOTAL VOLUME
% OF EMPTY LOGGING
TRUCKS
20% OF TOTAL
VOLUME
VOLUME
OF TRAFFIC IN DIRECTION
VOLUME
OFF TRAFFIC
-
...
-
.
....
.......
....
........
50-ION
1
-
IN
DIRECTION
0
Z
.
-
2
CAR
OPPOSITE
FROM
-
.......
----
PASSENGER
-_
..
-
60
..
........
LOG TRUCK
LOADED
_
LOADED D LOG TRUCK
G ER CAR
PASSENGER
SAME
LOG TRUCK
AS LOADED
T
SLOG
EMPTY
DIRECTION
TRUCK
II
W
--
30-
-
-- ---ý--
PLOTS TAKEN
20-
IL-
__
10
20
j
40
50
ý---
70
80
90
100
2.
- Delay
time
110
LOGGING
TRUCKS
SAME DIRECTION
LOGGING TRUCKS
LOADED
LOGGING
TRUCKS
TEST RUNS BY
130
120
140
R.
SULLIVAN
M.
150
160
vs.
traffic
volume
DIRECTION
HOUR
DISTRIBUTION
LOADED
LOGGING TRUCKS
20% OF ADT
ASSUMED ADT
TRUCKS
20% OF ADT
LOADED
TRUCK 30%
OF ADT
DELAY
DELAY
EMPTY
AVG
AVG.
NO.
IN
SECS
NO.
0700 -
0800
.0
12
2
0800 -
0900
.0
13
3
4
3
0900
-
1000
.1
25
5
8
5
1000
-
1100
.1
25
5
8
5
1100
-
1200
.2
50
10
16
1200
-
1300
.2
50
10
1300
-
1400
.1
25
1400
-
1500
.1
25
1500
-
1600
.0
1600
-
1700
.0
1.00
2.
190
SECS
IN
PASSENGER
CAR
FROM LOADED
TRUCK 30%
OF ADT
AVG.
NO.
IN
SECS
OPP.
DIRECTION
AVG.
DELAY
NO.
IN
SECS
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
7
8
7
9
7
8
8
8
9
10
14
15
17
15
19
16
10
14
15
17
15
19
5
8
5
7
8
8
8
9
5
8
5
7
7
8
7
9
13
3
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
12
2
4
2
3
3
250
Table
AS
LOGGING
DELAY
VOL. FOR
180
curves.
CAR SAME
HOURLY
170
ICES/HOUR
PASSENGER
HOURLY
VOL. ADT
ASSUMED
INTERPOLATED
PASSENGER
CAR OPP. DIRECTION
FROM LOADED LOGGING
TRUCKS
E7
FROM
VEH
Figure
AS
1
60
LOADED
WRITEUP
POINTS
O PASSENGER CAR
--
EMPTY
-
--
30
-
-
-
--
10
A
--
I
-
-...
FROM PETROPOULOS
DATA
INDIVIDUAL
--
- Average
4
50
delay
10.4
2
50
per mile by vehicle
10
3
3
7
9.0
type for
75
4
10.8
250 ADT.
3
75
4
12.0
That a single-lane road can handle
obvious
vehicle
hour
100
every
the
-
than
minutes.
there
on the
will
indicates that
of congestion
is
safer
roads.
It
has
been
even
than double-lane
hundred
intuitively
per
volumes of 200
or one
vehicles
per
-
although
at this point.
that
suggested
roads because
is
hour
become blocked
not
would be very high
standard
less safe
significantly
roads
single-lane
more
tend to travel
drivers
safety
is
may
carefully
roads.
seems certain that from an economic
are implicitly
at
day
per
vehicles
which may favor using the double-lane
a question as to whether single-lane roads are
single-lane
several
even
and
function
vehicles
about 10
to
factor
double-lane
actually be
1
of 100
excess
in
equivalent
is
Figure
road
the cost
only other
however
It
six
single-lane
admittedly
The
per day
vehicles
200
and that
we
the limit at 100
in setting
and of a
on the factors of convenience
value
a very high
putting
hazard which may or may not
a single-lane road can handle
point of view
per day certainly
vehicles
safety
exist.
Editors Note
The article was reviewed by
With this article we have introduced
a new procedure.
Ron Tangeman of Region 10 he presents his impression of the techniques used and
their
The
application
Washington
wish to
set
technique
Roads.
make Mr.
Forest
I
of
National
and
the
is
Manager
value
standard
of this
make
for
a
engineers
Third
would
lands
when
articles.
do
well
establishing standards
distribution
and
be encountered
reliability
split
in
the
consider
to
Forest
for
used
here
real
world
of the
criteria
the
looks
it
analysis
Development
suspiciously
serves
currently
to
well
used
to
set
standards.
technique
road
development
the analysis
desk assuming
can
be
determined
is
instead
to
relatively
from
11
it
on
enables
data
the
that
of on arbitrary standards.
its
own
traffic
simple
time vs.
First
based
investments
tailored
that delay
threefold.
being
as
and documented
road
distribution characteristics
studies.
readers comments on whether they would
selected future
point about the
measured evaluated
the
traffic
unlikely to
Sullivans
to
Forest
forth in this article
Service road
see the
procedure with
this
Although
theoretical
problems.
Office will appreciate
continue
The managers
Forest
to
unique
traffic
volume counts
and
Forest
Second
volume
volume
curves
and
classification
and calculations can be made
traffic
be
can
at
the
are available.
The main drawback
volume curves such
family of standard
values
Forest
traffic
the standard
as
shown
curves
in
in
form.
curves to obtain
Figure
similar to
curves
for
use
and turnout
using
the
range
spacing
the Single Lane
delay times for the road being
each analysis
of delay
analyst would then be able to
the analyst from the time-consuming
delay
the
2 currently
2 covering
Figure
be generated
The
is
time
traffic
vs.
these are not readily available.
composition
roads could
book
technique
this
applying
volume speed
Development
and published
to
and somewhat
Simulator
process
between
free
of generating
the
- Ron
analysis
Tangeman
Region
12
on
model
would
This
and would greatly simplify and enhance
process.
variable
experienced
interpolate
analyzed.
expensive
of the
A
10
COSTOF ROAD MAINTENANCE ON THE
FOREST
MT--
HOOýATIONAL
Mike
d Picket
Mec
Industrial Engineer
anical Engin
as
Equipment
7
5
Region
I
Reuben
Kurtti
Engineering
Analyst
Mt. Hood National
Recently the San Dimas Equipment
Hood
National
computerized
cost
Forest
Forest
6
Region
Northwest
Pacific
Region
data on all road maintenance work
San Dimas and the other
at
the Missoula
SDEDC learned that the
R-6 had collected and
Center
Development
performed on the Forest
These data were of value to two ongoing Equipment
1974.
at
Center
Development
t/
Mt.
Cisneros
EDC.
was
It
Development
that
felt
summarized properly the resulting summary would be of value
maintenance engineers
The
activity
across the
FSH
7709.15.
program management
in
the tables
Service Transportation
shown
Cost figures
project
are
are not included.
costs
projects
these data were
Forest
to
one
Service road
nation.
code numbering system used
13 of the proposed Forest
if
FY
in
is
the
same
as
that in Section
System Maintenance
and general
All unit costs
Handbook
and
administration
have been rounded
off to
The methods and equipment used by different forests to do
figures.
make the tabular data as meaningful as possible
task
same
vary considerably. To
used to perform each task is listed. The Mt. Hoods service
equipment typically
three significant
the
the
trucks
typically
heading
referred
are 11/2-
or 2-ton
whether the equipment
The
data
large
show
is
that the
minimum/maximum
and could
in some
to
stakeside
as
Rates
trucks.
forest
cost
equipment breakdowns
or even
tasks
Maximum
cases be caused
in
13
Used
Equipment
the
usage
vary
and depend
on
or used under contract.
usually
varied
unit costs
by unforeseen
errors
under
for equipment
Service-owned
of specific
range.
trucks
posting
considerably
shown
in
events such
activity
through
a
the table are actual
as
codes.
adverse
weather
Sometimes
high
maximums
by long
are caused
distances. For
travel
example
two signs needed work
if
and they were 20 miles apart the average unit cost would be much higher
needed repair in a 5-mile section of road.
signs
The
flood
repair efforts
extraordinary work
for
and a loader
prior to
repairing
Differences
in
terrain vs.
cause
roads
the
fill
road designs
can
maintenance
factors
costs
and
when performing
the
in
the
environment
to
of performing a task
in
as
absolute
they
at
data
is
can
In fact
locations.
from absolute. But even though the
are
the
known
only
should
summary
be valuable
to
of
road
that might be incurred
listed tasks.
simply to give
typical
the grade
handled soil etc.
different
and therefore
minimum/maximumcosts
Service roads
defining
far
easily
Forests can look at an open
forest managers on all 155 National
maintenance costs that were incurred on a single Forest. The value in
under not too
level
i.e. a steep mountainous
Now
cost
of
dump
several
require
a grader
itself
conditions vs.
which make these data
on Forest
maintenance engineers
30
code 114 spot surface
a flood repair project could
country rocky
be considered
not
amount
a considerable
in activity
a slide with
if
spot.
gently rolling
many
For example
a slump or remove
differences in the expense
there are
data
to
1974 sometimes required
a given activity.
repair aggregate-surfaced
trucks
FY
in
than
managers a
feel for
circumstances.
14
what happened
in
book
this
on road
sharing
a not too typical
of
place
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
NO.
100-199
101
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
1974
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
TOTAL FY 74
EXPENDITURES
S
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
Mt.
Hood
AVG. COST
PER
UNIT$
National
MAX.
Forest
UNIT
COST
$
MIN.
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL
PROJECT
UNIT
COST
$
per-aggregate
TRAVELED
WAY
3015
Blading non-
65
lane
mi
46.40
85.50
16.80
A
motor grader and a
Some-times
sonnel
roads
transporter.
water
a
tank
truck
was also used.
103
Dust
abatement
317
1
mi
lane
317.00
1
-
A
and tank
pickup
with
non-aggregate
distribution
truck
capability.
roads
105
Spot
surface
pair
non-
re-
503
60 cu
yd of
8.38
8.38
was only
There
a
pickup
a
end loader
roads
grader were
109
Slide
removal
1064
520 cu yd
of
non-aggregate
2.05
3.20
1.57
An end
Blading aggre-
50479
1069
lane
47.20
223.00
mi
surfaced
8.72
A motor
sonnel
Logging
out
surfaced
8829
277 mi
roads
used.
a
dump
31.90
235.00
a
were used.
grader
and a
transporter.
water
also
used.
One
or
two
transporters.
aggregate-
an
and a motor
loader
truck
times
111
dump truck
truck and a pickup.
times a motor grader and
matl
tank
110
one project
Some-roads
per-gate
Some-roads
aggregate
matl
trucks
were
personnel
Sometimes
end loader was used.
an
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
112
NO.
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
Dust
abatement
1974
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
TOTAL FY 74
EXPENDITURES
$s
32211
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
254 lane mi
Mt.
AVG.
PER
Hood
COST
UNIT$
127.00
National
MAX.
Forest
UNIT
COST
$
602.00
continued
MIN.
$
9.13
aggregatesurfaced
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL PROJECT
UNIT
COST
One or two
roads
tank
and
water
surface
pair
aggregate-
re-
33764
8840
of
roads
tons
3.82
97.702
--
One
or
a
distribution
distributor
Occasionally
a
and miscellaneous
roller
Spot
with
motor grader with
a
scarifier.
surfaced
one or two
trucks
capability
114
personnel
transporters
pumps
were
two
dump
or
used.
trucks
one or more personnel
aggregate
surfacing
transporters
motor
a
end loader.
and an
grader
Sometimes
a
crawler
tractor
was used.
115
Surface
ment
replace-
surfaced
119
Slide
23184
tons
7.35
47.50
2.20
rock
roads
dump
end loader
grader
a
a
trucks
motor
personnel
trans-porter
and a tank truck.
31974
13302
of
aggregate-
One or two
an
roads
removal
surfaced
3156
of
aggregate-
cu
debris
yd
2.40
9.34
--
An end
dump
one or two
loader
and one or
trucks
more personnel
Sometimes
a
transporters.
motor grader
or several other
miscellane-ous
pieces of equipment
were
used.
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
120
NO.
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
TOTAL FY 74
EXPENDITURES
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
Spot
1974
$5
80098
premix
patching paved
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
3660
of
tons
Mt.
AVG.
PER
Hood
COST
UNIT$
21.90
National
Forest
MAX. UNIT
COST
$
112.00
continued
MIN.
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL
PROJECT
UNIT
COST
-
mix
$
One
or
more personnel
transporters
surfaces
liquid asphalt
and
equipment
applicating
one or more dump
Sometimes
a
trucks.
motor grader
re-moving
end loader
or an
old
was
trans-activity
also
122
for
material
used.
equip-133
Chip seal paved
152965
136
lane
mi
1130.00
--
--
This
surfaces
A
or
distributor
commonly done
trucks
in conjunction
power broom
with
trucks
activity
ment
for
and/or
one
one or more dump
porters
is
a roller
more personnel
an
a
end loader
several
pump
a
tank
and
transporters.
restoring aged
pavement.
It
also used
is
in
conjunction
with
131
activity
for surface
and
protection
rideability.
123
Surface
of
paved
faces
overlay
sur-
31774
10
lane
mi
3180.00
-
--
One
or
more dump
trucks
one or more personnel
transporters
roller a
a distributor
motor grader
paver equipment
and a power
a
transport-ers
broom or
flusher.
a
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
124
NO.
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
removal
Rock
1974
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
TOTAL.
FY 74
EXPENDITURES
2410
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
372 mi
Mt.
Hood
AVG. COST
PER UNIT$
6.48
National
MAX.
Forest
UNIT
COST
$
111.00
continued
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL PROJECT
UNIT
MIN.
COST
$
Every
project
included
from paved
0.93
pickup
truck.
About
surfaces
also included
a
a
half
motor grader
end loader and dumc
or an
truck.
125
Sweeping material
3621
357 lane mi
10.10
130.00
2.17
One
transporters
surface
end loader.
or an
126
Level
with
surfaces
33247
3279
of
premix
tons
10.10
10.90
9.51
One
more dump trucks
or
one or more personnel
premix
surface
paved
00
more personnel
or
a power broom
and either a motor grader
from paved
a distributor
transporters
a roller a
motor grader
a
equipment
paver
trans-porters
and a power
broom
127
Fog seal paved
surfaces.
as part
4168
Used
of
77 tons of
54.10
62.40
-
asphalt
or flusher.
One or more personnel
transporters
126
with
131 and 133
or a
a tank
distribution
distributor
broom
and
a
power
were available.
Occasionally
a
truck
capability
an
end loader
roller or other
miscel-laneous
was
equipment
128
Sand
blotting
702
90
tons
sand
of
7.80
11.20
-
A dump
truck
with
used
spreader.
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
129
NO.
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
Slide
removal
1974
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
TOTAL FY 74
EXPENDITURES
$5
16365
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
10676
cu
Mt.
Hood
AVG. COST
PER
UNIT$
1.53
National
MAX.
COST
Forest
continued
UNIT
MIN.
$
27.20
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL
PROJECT
UNIT
COST
$
0.35
A dump truck one
more
or
mis-Rock
Some-on
paved
yd of matl
surfaces
personnel
and
transporters
one or two end loaders.
Sometimes
or flusher
131
Asphalt
zation
stabili-
66241
with
1405
of
pulvimixer
tons
asphalt
in place
47.20
84.90
10.40
A
truck
tank
a grader
liquid
with
and
dump
one or two
times
trucks
pumps.
cellaneous
roads
and equipment
trucks
transporters
Sometimes
were
used.
and increasingly
trans-Rock
additive
Asphalt
zation
stabili-
945
with
motor grader
in
on
25
tons of
37.80
37.80
37.80
in
Every
were
project
included
place
place
porter
roads
truck
a
a
two
About
half
personnel
roller
with
used.
also
used
motor graders.
liquid asphalt
for lime
spreaders
and-cement
132
pickup
scarifier a
roller a stabilizer
in
place
broom
power
a
was used.
and
tank
a
distribution
capability.
133
Asphalt
zation
pugmill
stabili-
with
mix
62927
440 tons of
143.00
in
162.00
133.00
One
personnel
place
end
9342 tons
of
mix
more dump
or
equipment
an
liquid asphalt
6.74
a
a tank
truck
distributor
broom
power
an
transporters
loader
and/or
trucks
transporter
pugmill
a
roller
paver
a
or
including
grader
a
aggregate
plant.
Sometimes
or
mixing
a
sand
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
NO.
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
1974
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
TOTAL FY 74
EXPENDITURES
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
Mt.
Hood
AVG. COST
PER
UNIT$
National
MAX.
Forest
UNIT
COST
$
continued
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL
PROJECT
UNIT
MIN.
COST
$
133
and miscellaneous
spreader
cont
were used.
Some-times
and
pumps
increasingly
additional
or
210
cement
640803
SHOULDER
equip-way
Grade or
re-
2010
41
shoulder
49.00
424.00
7.04
mi
graveled
A motor
times
travel
paved
Bring
gravel
shoulders
3699
to
734 tons of
5.04
18.50
4.81
aggregate
miscellaneous
ment
was used.
A dump
end
truck an
other
three
or
trucks
trans-shoulders
or
grade
a
and
212
tank
a
and end loader
other
loader
a
or pickup.
stabilizer
a
trailer
and
grader
side truck
normally a
211
used.
were
stake-shape
Some-shoulders
Subtotal
200-299
feeders for lime
Repair
sloughed
10647
on
5012
tons
2.12
6.38
0.98
One
personnel
a
transporter
motor grader.
or
two
personnel
dump truck
porters
a
gravel-surfaced
another
truck
roads
stakeside
of
matl
such
as
a
and a crawler
tractor.
223
Surface
on paved
shoulder
overlay
1946
3 shoulder
mi
649.00
649.00
There
was only
one project
pickup a dump truck a
motor grader an end loader
a
and a tank
truck
with
distri-bution
capability were used.
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
NO.
224
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
Sweeping mate-
1974
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
TOTAL FY 74
EXPENDITURES
448
from paved
rial
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
34
shoulder
Mt.
AVG.
PER
Hood
COST
UNIT$
13.20
National
Forest
MAX. UNIT
COST
$
166.00
continued
MIN.
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL
PROJECT
UNIT
COST
$
3.43
mi
A
personnel
or
two
a
broom.
power
an
dump
Subtotal
301
a
18750
trans-302.
Clean
and
shape
ditches.
be
bined
re-
10763
mi
50.50
632.00
6.09
com-
removal
removal
9971
4485
of
motor graders
cu
yd
2.22
5.61
personnel
porters
were also used.
One
two end loaders
or
dump truck and one
debris
1824
1135
of
cu
yd
1.61
11.50
0.72
An end
end
loader
a
or
transporters.
and a pickup
Sometimes
truck.
debris
trucks
end loaders.
more personnel
from ditches
without
two
or
Sometimes
end haul
Slough
One
and one or two
with
Slough
with
213 ditch
one or more stakeside
from ditches
303
loader
were used.
truck
DRAINAGE
Can
302
and
Some-times
end
and
shoulder
300-399
one
transporter
motor graders
grader
was used.
All of
the
a
motor
haul
304
Machine
ing
of
clean-
culverts
22855
2130
culverts
10.70
195.00
1.78
projects
one or two
combinations
personnel
a
dump
included
backhoe/loader
one or more
transporters
truck.
and
Sometimes
stake-side
used
a
motor grader and
truck
were
a
FY
305
NO.
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
ACTIVITY
TOTAL FY
DESCRIPTION
FXPINIATURI
ACTIVITY
CODE
1974
Hand
of
cleaning
S5
18098
culverts
74
S
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
3490
Mt.
Hood
AVG. COST
PER
UNIT$
5.19
National
MAX.
Forest
UNIT
COST
$
-
continued
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL
PROJECT
UNIT
MIN.
COST
$
-
culverts
One
or
more personnel
or a stakeside
transporters
truck.
306
Culvert
repair
12557
184 culverts
68.20
-
-
One
or
more personnel
end loader
an
transporters
Some-times
and a dump truck.
a stakeside
with
a
crawler
and
Clean
re-
6368
68 structures
93.70
83200
-
One
truck
wrench
tractor
or a
or
more personnel
transporters
drainage
and an
end loader.
One
more personnel
tures
a
dump truck
pair special
struc-
a
motor
were used.
grader
307
power
French
drain
per-forated
pipe
gabion crib bid
walls.
308
Culvert
replace-
18783
32 culverts
587.003
-
--
ment
or
one or two
transporters
backhoe/loader
combina-tions
one or two dump
and a motor grader.
trucks
Sometimes
309
a stakeside
stake-interceptor
truck
1104
Maintaining
dips
232 dips
4.76
21.70
2.98
A
was also used.
motor grader and
side truck.
on nonpaved
pickup
roads
crawler
or
a
Sometimes
a
end loader and
tractor
were used.
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
NO.
300-399
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
402
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
TOTAL FY 74
FXPINDITURES
s
TOTAi..
NO.
OF UNITS
Mt.
Hood
AVG. COST
PER
UNIT$
National
Forest
MAX. UNIT
COST
$
continued
MIN.
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL
PROJECT
UNIT
COST
$
DRAINAGE
Subtotal
400-499
1974
102323
ROADWAY
Brush
cutting
22161
machine
mi
137
162.00
630.00
50.90
All the projects
brush
brushed
used
and a
cutter
a
utility
truck.
406
Brush
disposal
296
5
mi
59.20
83.90
42.70
burning
412
Slide
and slump
repair of
27321
13880
of
fill
cu
yd
1.97
6.00
-
Every
project
included
pickup
or stakeside
One
two
or
dump
a
truck.
trucks
one or more personnel
matl
transporters
slopes
loaders
and
a
one or two
end
motor grader
a
stakeside
truck.
About
half the time
crawler
tractor
a
was also
used.
Subtotal
500-599
501
49778
ROADSIDE
Logging
out
7541
189
mi
39.90
159.00
9.20
A
personnel
stakeside
a
transporter
truck.
motor grader or an
loader
were used
skidding.
or a
Sometimes
for
end
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
NO.
1974
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
IOTAL FY 74
FXIINDIIURES
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
Mt.
AVG.
PER
Hood
COST
UNIT$
National
MAX.
COST
Forest
UNIT
$
continued
MIN.
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL
PROJECT
UNIT
COST
$
515
505
Stump removal
585
56
stumps
10.40
60.20
9.16
An
end
loader
a
and
stakeside
a
dump
a
truck
crawler
tractor
truck
or a
pickup.
8126
Subtotal
600-699
STRUCTURE
700-799
TRAFFIC
SERVICES
702
0
-
person-place
stake-markers
repair of
Shop
2549
63
signs
40.50
87.50
remove
signs
Only
a
personnel
transporter
was used.
and install
703
and
Repair
re-
2998
383 markers
10.60
41.50
-
hazard
Every
project
used
nel transporter
or
a
a
side truck.
705
Restriping
center
edge
708
19364
of
and
293 mi of
66.10
96.00
60.90
8084
plowing
325 lane mi
24.90
347.00
-
the projects
County
two
lines
Snow
All of
a
line
included
striping truck
personnel
and
transporters.
One or two motor graders
and either pickups
or a
Some-times
end
was
stakeside
an
used.
712
Construction
new
signs
of
9607
495 signs
19.40
55.10
-
None.
truck.
loader
Some-new
FY
ACTIVITY
CODE
NO.
713
TOTAL FY74
EXPENDITURES
ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION
Installation
ROAD MAINTENANCE COSTS
1974
TOTAL NO.
OF UNITS
ys
7982
of
Mt.
Hood
AVG. COST
PER
UNIT$
274 signs
29.10
National
MAX.
Forest
UNIT
COST
$
continued
COST
-
95.20
EQUIPMENT USED IN
TYPICAL
PROJECT
UNIT
MIN.
$
A
stakeside
truck.
times a pickup
signs
backhoe/loader
truck
or
combination
was used.
714
Construction
8583
of
166
51.70
63.30
-
None.
10.504
-
A dump
barricades
barricades
59167
Subtotal
SPECIAL
800-899
802
rock
Hauling
49963
to
6397
cu
yd
-7.81
loader.
stockpile
tractor
928910
Total
Indicates
2This
activity
3Costs
4There
SCosts
the value
varied
in
could
not
FY 74 was
greatly
depending
were very few projects
of
be
determined.
flood
predominantly
general administration
on the
completed
size
of
under
and program
damage
the
fill
this
and frequently
the culvert
activity
management
was
included
installed
subsurface
and they were long hauls with
are not
included.
repair.
in.
chip
seal
rock.
truck
and an end
Sometimes
a
was also used.
OFFICE NEWS
WASHINGTON
OPERATIONS
Harold L. Strickland
Assistant Director
INFORMATION CENTER
TECHNICAL
The
Technical
Information
TIC
Center
a
is
part
Sensing
-which
System
and
in
The
will
the
the flow
The
periodicals
WO
acquires
access
ready
paper
and pamphlets.
to information
access
provide
both hard
to
resources
in
the
field
technical
published
and microform copies of current
In addition to publications
in
Information
Engineering both
the Washington
stored in
TIC
area and throughout
nation.
objective of
will
VICE
TICs
and from the
inform
then
Requests
for
Regions through
the
staff
Engineering
reference service
need
answer an urgent
titles
on a certain topic
a request
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for
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their
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sent to
answer requests
to
the
Regional
may send
directly
TIC can be
bibliographies
will
requests
if
is
of
to
the
TIC
the
staff
request.
WO
complete publications
or
do
for
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they
need
to
they can ask
from the National
a government publication
26
is
for
publications
the requestor.
initiated the staff first draws upon
material
To
Coordinators.
directly
TIC.
locate and send them
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from the
information
Information
requests
Coordinator
to
for
or computer-based searches. If requestors
of books or documents
TIC
the area
is
Information
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information
not have specific
Once
field
make
sections of publications
If
to
is
projects and the
Engineering
of the Technical
throughout
WO.
TIC
reports
REFERENCE SER
The
of
staff
concerning
These components
of information
Office
function
specific
technical data
specific
with those projects.
Washington
the staff has
the
contain
facilitate
information.
books
Engineerings Technical
-
associated
staff
of
in this system are
the Remote
Publications
System. Other components
and
information
bank
now
in
the
Information Center
an
planning stages
Information
TICs
resources.
Agricultural Library
needed
or other
the originating agency
is
contacted
who
engineers
information
recommend
information
an end product
receives
micro-fiche.
A
book
publication
weeks.
If
received
A
journal or pamphlet
has been obtained
the publication
it
be returned
the publication
secured
it
for
sent to
is
WO
the
the
TIC
to
hard copy or
in
on loan
within
for his
requestor
are indexed
it
sent with the
is
of two to three
a period
been purchased or a
has
copy has been
free
Publications
retention.
and stored
catalogued
of a publication.
copy of a section
in
TIC.
can be a reprint or Xerox
This
repro-duced
copy of an
item
A
on microfiche the whole document
If
the
can be
hard copy.
of books
bibliography
information
and
necessary
either
the
on a certain topic
written
articles
each
to obtain
items. After the requestor
furnish
from a book.
from a journal or of a chapter
article
available
is
as
4
WO
and
library
forms
requirement that
3
The
document.
the
processes a request for information the requestor
If
2
with
consult
also
one of the following
1
obtaining
in
areas of interest.
in their
When TIC
in
TIC
in
specialists
resources
assistance
for
item
is
included
a bibliography he
receives
may
ask
the
list
of
TIC
to
of them.
or photocopies
publications
the
in
com-puterized
compre-hensive
of a computer-based
Results
data bases
TIC
of one or more
search
generally the best means of providing
Upon
receiving such a request
staff performs the search in-house or arranges
through
one of a number
information
-NTIS
services.
National
400000
of government
Some
of these
have
done
it
or commerical
Service
through
from government-sponsored
Published
searching.
non-profit
to
are
Information
Technical
reports generated
available for
can
A
search.
of a particular topic.
coverage
the
is
searches
29
in
which
research are
fields
of interest
be ordered.
also
com-puterized
-NASA
and Technical
Scientific
data
research
of Forest
base
topics.
of over
Many
Facility
one million documents
of these are pertinent
Service Engineering for
of documents
Information
example
to
has
a
on aerospace
information
the extensive
needs
collection
on remote sensing.
Transpor-tation
-HRIS
Highway
Research
research
projects
Research
Board
Information Service
contains
and almost
descriptions
35000
27
at
of
the
10000
current
abstracts of highway research
HRIS
publications.
through
documents
-RECON
in their
provides
we
access
fields
ERDA
at
Administration
can
U.
a
is
a
awareness
current
service
of interests.
Energy
S.
system
interact
and The Energy Data
on-line
has
by means of a
bases
RECON
among
Nuclear
Abstracts
Resources
Development
Engineering
with the data
directly
and
Research
which
to
Included
terminal.
computer
Water
also
which users are regularly informed of recently-published
data
bases
are
Center
Information
Safety
Base.
REMOTE SENSING INFORMATION CENTER
The Remote
support
all
of
activities
the
Center
has
been established
Forest
recently-established
Committee
and
remote sensing.
This
Management
concerning
Information
Sensing
the
to
facilitate
the
flow
the
center will facilitate
TIC
in
of
order to
in
Remote
Service
technical
and
acquisition
Sensing
information
retrieval
of
remote sensing material.
The TIC
staff
publications
currently
be
preparing
to
according
will
publication
TIC
is
Besides
NASA
the
contacts
- among
Remote
Sensing
services
and
Scientific
others
-
Information
to
areas
Subject
handle queries
Technical
the American
and Analysis
Remote
and the International
Michigan
source.
originating
on remote sensing which
covered
will
in
list
each
identified.
depends on outside
also
a bibliography
Society
at
in
the area of remote sensing.
Information
Facility
of Photogrammetry
the Environmental
Sensing
TIC
the
staff
the Center
Research
Institute
of
in
Institute.
PACFORNET
In addition
them
the
to
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PACFORNET
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Science
resources
Coast
Pacific
is
a
network
Literature
in
engineers
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Research
Service
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available to
PACFORNET.
which
of
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28
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a
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PACFOR-NET
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Literature
which
on a
references
PACFORNET
service
units
manual and
provide
the
specific
topic.
may be
user
with
Forest
PACFORNET North
Service
Forest
P.O. Box 245
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FTS
FTS
CA
Resources
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FTS New
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In addition people in Alaska
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will
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may contact
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AK
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To
use
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D.C.
the
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29
Forest
write
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CONSULTATION AND STANDARDS
Charles
R. Weller
Assistant Director
DISPOSITION OF FPCLICENSED PROJECT FACILITIES
AT EXPIRATION OR SURRENDER OF LICENSE
When
or
is
Forest
FPC license
Power Commission
a Federal
abandoned
members
Staff
Engineering
recommendations
or Regional
the
for
expires
surrendered
is
are often called
upon
dams and
of
disposition
voluntarily
provide
to
input to
other project
works.
Some
authority
be considered
order
to
should
a licensee
we do
if
connection
in
with
Remember
the
and may incur
have no
and
legal
so.
are responsible
licensee
We
the licensee.
to
perform work
to
-
we want done
what
indicate
and the
FPC not
are directed to the
financial liability
FPC
which should
are the following.
Recommendations
We
many
items among
typical
these actions
provide
design
design
drawings.
sufficiency.
recommendations
of
consequences
for
not
for
or
acquisition
removal of the dam.
1
con-ducting
brings with
Acquisition
safety
of the
When
the
The
dam.
Power
Safety Act
much
may become
legal
and financial
Service
Forest
and
inspections
Dam
it
maintenance
is
and
Commission custody
responsible
repair of
dams.
these
while
costly
are exempt
they
the
for
these responsibilities
implemented
fully
more regimented and
for
responsibilities
becomes
from the
in
Federal
Dam
Safety
Act.
2
Removal
of the
dam
can
downstream
also
create
liabilities
from
-
for
environmental
of sedimentation and
character-istics
damages
for
to
release
property damages due to radical changes in stream flow
of flood
If
resources
control.
the recommendation
is
for
acquisition
of the
dam
every effort
should
be
mechanically-operational
made
to
have
the
condition
dam
before
inspection records should
incident
to
operation
put
in
and
structurally-sound
calculations
and
from the owner. The recurrent
costs
As-built drawings
transfer.
be requested
and maintenance of the
dam
as
well
as
any
oper-30
ational
Carefully
siltation
to
sites
deposits
be evaluated
disposal of sediment and
for
and
problems
engineers
as
well
a decision
as
should
be
alert
the opportunities
host
the
feasibility
to
environmental
of organizational
financial considerations
provide
of removing
removal.
on disposition of licensed
to
reservoir
debris resulting from removal
factors incident
cost
management and
resource
arriving at
in
of view
point
engineering
the
annual budgets.
in
aspects are only one of the
jurisdictional
However
inclusion
for
to
agreements pertaining
delivery
out
from the
consider
engineering
legal
and
level
of the proposed actions
timing
The
water
be priced
should
professional
which are inherent
in
which need
project structures.
input
the
regarding
these decisions.
REGIONAL FPCCOORDINA TORS
Regional
coordinate
Office
matters
staff
members
pertaining
designated
Power
Name
Region/Area
%
currently
Federal
to
R-8
Tom Smith
R-9
Dave
414 224-3706
R-10
Bill
NA
Karl Davidson
SA
Paul Buffam
Phil Yovetich
R-2
Jack
Mead
R-3
Bob
Bates
R-4
Bill
R-5
Jim Allen
R-6
Rozynek
Dick Bryant
Hedrich
907
215
404
Kinworthy
Foresters
Regional
Phone No.
406
303
505
801
415
503
404
R-1
by
Commission licensed
to
projects are
Staff
RL
585-3601
E
234-4405
RL
766-3656
RL
399-6261
E
556-6924
WM
221-3019
E
526-3367
LWM
586-7266
E
596-1620
Area Planning Staff
526-3734
Area Env.
Coord.
TECHNOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENTS
Heyward
T. Taylor
Assistant Director
REGIONAL
EDT BOARD MEETINGS
During October both Region 8 and Region 9 held Regional Equipment Development
and Test Board meetings for FY 77 planning. Farnum Burbank Chief Equipment
attended
Development
Engineer
attended
R-8 meeting
program
the
and
to
obtain
to
the R-9 meeting and Donald
provide
first-hand
an overview
a
better
31
of the
FY
understanding
Sirois Staff Engineer
76
Service-wide
of
field
EDT
needs.
The
EDT
Regional
Board meetings
and needed forum
a useful
provide
field input to the
program. The meetings
for NFS SPF and Research Staffs
to come together
to
new
solved by
equipment
or improved
include
from
National
realistic
that
for
goals
or
state
many
In
Forests.
information
additional
down
from other federal
cooperators
key
can be used
to
attendance
is
broadened
to
agencies as well as supervisors
these
individuals
the
identify
as
with
bring
true problems
and add insight
proposed projects
may be
discuss problems that
if the
local
cases
providing
or methods.
materials
from board meetings
Extra benefits can be obtained
for
are an excellent opportunity
Service-wide
the
to
them
and help
set
of the
scope
problems.
The more
setting
involved
of
the
for
goals
becomes
field
the
EDT
in
helping
the
program
of need
establish areas
to
more
the
field
will
benefit
and the
from the
program.
We
the
believe that improvements have been
EDT
program more responsive
For more
information
see
Section
made
but more improvement
needs
to field
making
over the past several years for
is
needed.
7120 of the manual.
CHANGE TO AUGUST FIELD NOTES
Volume
Interactive
Correct
the last paragraph
Presently
10.
Road Design System
The
IRDS
was
designed
consequently
Number
8
IRDS
this article
has been introduced
system
specifications
of
7
page 19
to field
by engineers
comments
personnel
and
from
favorable.
32
to
the
read as follows
in
Regions
adheres
field
12 34 6 9
strictly
have
to
been
field
and
users
consistently
CHANGE NOTICE
I
-
UPS
jl
AERIAL
TRAMWAYS
Description
TOWS
LIFTS and
SKI
-
and Terminology
EM-7320-1
--
June 1975
A
THIS PAGE
INSERT
CONTENTS
On
Figure
Change
To read
I
I
I
7
page
page
On
67
page
The
figure
Mark
I
Figure
W
60
vii.
2
tabular
mast-type
towers.
system
tubular
mast-type
towers.
has
59 and Figure
numbers
with
60
and captions
upper
page
91
Change
To read
were reversed
illustration
respective
under Horsepower
as
Figure
in
59
copy
make-up.
and lower
one
as
captions.
wl
On
4
ý
system has
to indicate
ý
I
front of the
in
6 caption line
Figure
ý
M yýM-
ý6iNM
line
2
U.S. and
metric horsepower
500 foot-pounds
U.S. and
metric
horsepower
550 foot-pounds
..
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