ENGINEERING
TECHNICAL
NOTES
FIELD
TECHNICAL
DATA RETRIEVAL
INFORMATION
REPORTS
CURRENT
TEXTS
AWARENESS
SYSTEM
Notes
Field
Volume 5 Number
Tractor
9
September
Mounted implement
Hitch
1973
Crawler
and Wheel
implement-Carrying Hitch
---
for
a
Culvert Design
s
-
Division of -Engineering
News
SERVICE
U.S.
DEPARTMENT
OF AGRICULTURE
ENGINEERING
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and
ideas
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of
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or
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a
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in
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R-I
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R-2
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R-3
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Groven
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R-4
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should
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Coordinators are
submit both
The
Bakke
R-6
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R-8
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Ernest Quinn
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Pokrandt
R-10
Gerald
WO
Al
Coghlan
Colley
format editing
Coordinators should direct questions concerning
Forest
to Fran Owsley Editor Division of Engineering
Service
publishing
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dates etc.
Washington
D.
C.
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Agricul-ture
20250.
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evaluation conclusion
product
or service
to
the exclusion
of
FIELD NOTE
S
TRACTOR MOUNTED IMPLEMENT HITCH
CRAWLER AND WHEEL SKIDDER
Jerry L. Edwards
By
Mechanical Engineer
Region 8
INTRODUCTION
and
of various
hitches
Implement
have been used
kinds
in
planting equipment
attaching
However many
of these hitches
are
De-velopment
Corpora-tion
fire
plows to prime movers
spinoffs of agricultural
many
years.
equipment and were not designed
a model of a vertical
Recently
for
Center was used on the National
not
this
attempt to use an already
unsuccessful
needs
Forests
the San Dimas
Equipment
designed
an implement
Region
hitch
SIECO
the
summer and
hitches
were
fall
of
basically
Useful
two
of the
Life
1971.
hitches
The
the same.
-
Following
to meet
EDT
tractor fig.
our
project.
Michigan
fig. 1. At the same
time
Company
to Southern Iron and Equipment
2.
FOR EVALUATION
cited
criteria
The
Twelve
-
performance was
was assigned an
skidder
an implement hitch for a crawler
CRITERIA
The development
Its
with the Pettibone
for a 4-wheel
8 issued a development contract
to provide
Alabama.
piece of equipment
Center
Development
Subsequently this project resulted in a contract
to develop
in
of mechanical and hydraulic malfunctions.
because
satisfactory
totally
specifically
by the San Dimas Equipment
hitch developed
lift
for forestry use.
above was completed and evaluated
used
in
are listed
criteria
of both
the evaluation
during
of these
below
years.
Connection
time required to change from
planter to
con-nection
Mountability
fire
plow not to exceed
from
fire
plow to
tree
5
minutes
planter not
must meet the following
-
-
Mounting
Connection
to be interfaced
Motion
and
time required to change
to exceed 15 minutes.
Mounting and
requirements
with machines
of like
size.
hitch to mate with each implement with no more than
three connection
-
and connection
tree
Individual
pins and four hydraulic
actions
hoses.
are to be hydraulically
tilt.
1
controlled
lift lateral
_f
r
r.L
L
TLIZ
_In
R
CYLTI.IDTJR
IWO
FIRE
TIC
PLOW
6
1.
Figure
Lift
-
...
SFECIAL ADAPTT R
ýJEDC
-
Minimum
Implement
Skidder
to t e equal to prime
height
minimum depth of penetration
Lateral
Tilt
From
a horizontal
Angle of Departure
Pressure
-
-
20.
position
tilt
clearance
to each side
degrees
minimum upward
tilt
of center.
to be 30 degrees
to be 15 degrees.
minimum.
degrees
3000 pounds
mover ground
to be 12 inches below ground level.
swing A minumum of 45
and minimum downward
Down
Hitch with Fire Plow
minimum
hydraulically
applied.
PRIME MOVERS EMPLOYED
The
skidder
and crawler
tractor used in the development
of these implement hitches
are identified as
501 4-Wheel Drive Skidder 1969 Forester
D4 Crawler Tractor 1970 Caterpillar
Model
Model
EVALUATIONAND
The
evaluation
of each hitch was conducted
Initial
specification
Field evaluation
Reliability
at
in
RESULTS
three stages
compliance and factory
a selected
site
as
field
follows
test.
and under controlled
testing-under normal day to day actual
2
Pettibone
conditions.
work
conditions.
L AULIC
DISCONNECS
QTIIOL
IWI
y
wr
CYLINDER
TEN
-
IECO
FIRE
PLG
f
Ail
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER CYLINI
not used w/fire plow
-Implement Hitch
with
FORESTLA
to
tl
Fire Plow
3D
TREE
IMPLEMENT
i
HITCH YLIF T CYLr
r-n
1
q
ý
t.
HORIZONTAL
STABILIZER
B.
Figure
Implement
2.
-
PLAN l
TT
i
sari
CYLINDER
Hitch with Tree Planter
Crawler
Tractor
3
Implement Hitch
i
A.
rm
Both hitches have completed
and
fire
season
into
One and Two and have gone one complete
Stages
Stage Three.
The
hitches
operated
per the design criteria
planting
and
are
it-self.
considered
The
as
a useful
of a skidder
application
The
costs
will
however
Crawler
Editors
Note
supplements
continue
of additional
Skidder
The
tool by field users.
a prime mover for a fire plow
is
not considered
as
into the feasibility
hitches
not totally
Tractor
a factor
is
being questioned
by the
rather the prime mover
of the skidder
for the fire application.
are as follows
Type - approximately $4000
article
the above
as
The hitch
Resource Managers.
Evaluation
and functioning
cost
is
considered
extremely high
prohibitive.
Type - approximately $2500 considered
that follows
is
a
memo written
article.
4
for the record
by Dan
reasonable.
W.
McKenzie
and
HITCH FOR FOUR-WHEEL SKIDDER
IMPLEMENT-CARRYING
By Dan W. McKenzie
Equipment
TO
On
Development
San Dimas California
Center
The Record
10 1972
February
Fuller.
We
9/25/72
viewed
The
However
hydraulic
it
freeing the unit
when
tilt
by extending
will
be repaired
The
following
Oakmulgee
skidder
planter.
The
the ability
reported
after
the cylinder
vertical
several
District
lift
after
completion
hitch modified to
was
down-pressure
occasions.
The bottom
Planted
Per Acre
received
line
from the
of the planting with the Pettibone
mount on
hitch was used in
Number Acres
Number Working
was not needed.
hitch pulling the Whitfield
FY
the skidder
Hitch
241500
was used
FY
in
FY
tree
1971.
72
ImplementHitch
Carrying
276000
404
468
598
589
50
38
Days
501
forestland
1972.
71
Lift
Seedlings
it
unit was working
to the fully extended position. This hydraulic
Vertical
Trees
pressure as
comparison was compiled from information
Ranger
The
cylinder was broken but they were able to operate
FY
Average
planter.
the planting season.
implement-carrying
Number
down
equipped with the
of the hitch to apply
was stuck on
it
equipped with implement-carrying
A
with
tree
and Jim
hitch at Centerville
501
Forester Pettibone
of the implement
in
line
a
unit was not being operated
the operator
very helpful
without
skidder
Jerry Edwards
implement-carrying
hitch was pulling a forestland
implement-carrying
well.
skidder
Jim Moore
8 with
Region
in
the 4-wheel
Alabama. The 4-wheel
very
was
I
Percent
Change
13 %
16 %
-24
%
Average Daily Production
4830
7290
51 %
Maximum
8000
11500
44 %
Daily-Production
Cost Per Acre
$25.54
5
$19.50
-23
%
The
were planted
areas that
similar
site
both 1971 and 1972 were of
in
treatment
preparation
the planting machine
operated
KG
similar
and of
terrain
The same three-man crew
blade and root rake.
both seasons. As can be seen from the tabulated
during
in-creased
above
data
costs were reduced by 23 percent
was increased
by 51 percent.
This means the
hitch was done in 2 days
verticle-life
by
and the average
work
daily production rate
that was done in 3 days
using the implement-carrying
production rate can be attributed
1
to
the increased
using the
This
hitch.
made
tractor speed
re-duced
possible by the
speed
is
a result
able to operate
and negotiate
speeds
due to reduced breakage
allows
the implement
would
result
move when
to
areas without
loads
rather than
had
the planter operator
The
2
in
being
The
lifting the planter.
to the hitch design that
are applied
tension
the
increased
feature of the hitch resulting
can be attributed
unusual
high bending stresses
in
the unit was
going too
of the contour-following
higher
at
downtime
with
and
characteristics
of downtime due to the hitch and implement breakage.
elimination
travel
of the contour-following
hitch because
to the implement
loads.
One problem
which
reported
from
keeping the tractor operator
difficulty
fast.
_
COMPUTER PLOT CULVERT DESIGN
By
Allan A.
Rogue
now
The
plots
fast
and accurate
method
Profile
use
of these plots
National
to design culvert lengths.
CAP and
Grade Plot
is
River
Civil
Engineer
Forest
from the Region 6 computer road design system provide
available
and
Johnson
described
in
The two
Road Width and Catch
the Engineering
a
plots used are Catch Point
Point Plot
ROP.
Computer Application
The
general
Handbook
pro-vides
FSH
7109.16 Chapter 100.
CAP
The
plot gives
the left and right
the vertical
side
top-of-cut
a plan view of the
road
and the
Using
scaled distances
left
and
projections
and
of design grade
toe-of-fill lines
catch
road and plots the road centerline
right
catch
ground profile and
L-line
points.
The
ROP
plot
the left and right edge
of
pro-cedure
the
culvert lengths.
to use
is
as
points.
from the computer plots the designer can
Skew and
grade
of the pipe
follows
6
will
determine graphically
both be compensated
for.
The
After
design earthwork
the final
run
obtain
CAP
the
ROP
and
plots from
the computer.
Line
in
the profile
Line
in
shoulder
grade and
and
left
left
and
on
road edges
right
CAP
points on the
catch
right
ROP
the
See
plot.
plot.
figs.
1
and
2.
of the two plots should
Review
of through
ready
Our
After
fills etc.
culvert locations necessary as a result
reveal
we
culvert locations are determined
are
now
to calculate the lengths.
of the plots shows we need a culvert to drain the low spot
review
6054. The
Station
outlet will discharge
Station
at
6017.
Refer
at
to figs.
1
and 2.
Because the
and
1
scale
10
in.
plan view length
culvert
we
- 6017
ft
37 ft
Lay out to
We now
we
ft.
62.0
ft
18.1
right
this
points we cant get
1
get plan view length
in. 10
dimensions
triangle
ft
as
1
of the
10
in.
the skew
drop. This
in
ft parallel
the
CAP
again have a
and the
vertical
ft on Figure
distance
is
ft scale
triangle
drop of 18.1
3 and draw in
Scaling
AE we
nearest
even foot we get 66
get the true length
ft
AE
culvert.
draw
in
the
of the culvert
a convenient
scale
measuring
Figure
in
and
to the
1
in.
1
Refer
2.
On
CAP
CAP
In the
Lay out to
which
is
scale
ft
scale
AC
the true length
of the culvert of 64.5
plot
plot the
10 ft vertically.
in.
10
to the
line
formed by the plan view length
ft.
to
angle.
considerably.
DE
this
6054
for the drop in the culvert.
for the design
7
is
of
and
line
and can lay out the
angle to the culvert
to the stationing
plot parallel
right
ft
the culvert skew
can increase the length
100
DE
We
get 62.0
get 54 degrees
in.
Measuring
18.1
parallel
to correct the plan view length
have
1
have
time we can obtain
to get the vertical
is
to
along stationing
is
ACB we
steep grades
scale
To
directly.
B
to
ft
AB 49.9 in. and BC 37 ft on Figure 3
AC for the triangle. AC the plan view length
this
We now
scaling
A
100
in.
1
to get the plan view length
scaling this distance
angle
from
is
centerline to catch
scale
hypotenuse
use. At
ft
1
plot fig.
from
from B to C by calculating the stationing difference.
graphically
triangle
ROP
of culvert by
49.9
scale
37
compute
on the
for distances
ft
ft.
get
of
62.0 ft and DE
of the
Rounding
culvert length.
we
culvert.
to the
If
desired
for the plans
we can compute
x
18.5
64
This completes the
Qualifying
of the culvert
the grade
100
as
follows
28 percent
design for this culvert.
Notes
This solution
assumes that excessively
resulting when
using an
skewed
L-line
cross-sections
design have been corrected
offset
often
the
during
design
stage.
The
ROP
plot used does not
alignment. In this
and
ft.
6054
This
the
example
show curvature and
if
a 56 degree
actual plan view length
error is acceptable
curve
instead
would be 64.0
for design lengths
shows a
existed through
ft
line
straight
stations
and true length
however. Staked lengths
6017
66.0
are
usually used to order culverts from suppliers.
Editors Note
Region
3
culvert.
If
He
will
is
The Road Design
presently
you
see that
have
designing a
System
RDS
form to allow
any suggestions
or
can
comments
your ideas are considered
be revised to automatically
the designer
by those
contact
who
8
to specify
your regional
are revising
compute
the station
the
engineering
RDP.
culvert-lengths.
skew and
RDP
size
of any
coordinator.
L.
1.
1.
1.
99.
1
1.
1.
1.
L.
1.
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A
Figure
3.
-
Scaled
Layout
Used
in
11
Determining Length of Culvert
WASHINGTON OFFICE DIVISION OF ENGINEERING NEWS
CONS UL TA TION A ND STANDARDS
Charles
R.
Weller
Assistant Director
Environmental
Service
is
now
actively
Division
In the
will
survey
month
EPA
Agency
these surveys the
Through
Potable
in
25
Region
and
5.
Administration
of water systems
to the Forest
for needed improvements.
Service in its current efforts
in
the
Water System Program.
IMPROVEMENTS
TECHNOLOGICAL
Heyward
T.
Taylor
Assistant Director
New Computer Center
announced
Colorado.
operating
Forest
Road
the
The
for Forest
establishment
center
system.
See
will
Design
System
Service.
The Department
be equipped with a
news
applications
RDS
of Agriculture
of a Departmental Computer Center
the following
Service computer
will
8.
Corps of Engineers
Highway
and Federal
a set of recommendations
beneficial
prove
the
Water Supply
Regions
plans to broaden its base of knowledge
serving the public and to develop
surveys should
at
EPA
areas.
rest
EPA
in
Forest
of drinking
survey
forests
surveys of facilities
Park Service
National
highway roadside
Interstate
condition
Office of the
was completed on three
previously completed similar
has
Bureau of Reclamation
The
The Washington
approximately 120 water systems located
of July the survey
The
Drinking Water Supply Survey.
a Service-wide
in
participating
to the public.
supplies offered
water
EPA
Protection
will
UNIVAC
item on
12
1108 with an
EXEC
be performed
be one of the
at
8.
at
EXEC
The major
Fort
recently
Fort Collins
Collins.
8
portion
The
first systems to be installed
there.
of
It
is
that the center
anticipated
become
will
operational
in
November
or
December.
RDS
and EXEC
System
In Regions
8.
system.
each of these Regions.
and more interaction
Memorandum of
and
in
versatility
Commanding
Service
1108
Road
EXEC
Design
8 operating
data storage and program files for
individual
of Understanding
interest and provide
agencies.
the Forest
UNIVAC
updating
quicker
turnaround
our computer programs.
Forest
MOUs
Service
and Army Materiel Command.
have been signed by the Chief of the
General of the
Army Materiel Command. The
general guidelines for conducting programs of mutual technical
establish
Each
9
on the
This feature will allow faster
Service and the
MOUs
8 and
Understanding between
Two memorandums
Forest
2 3
now being exclusively run
The EXEC 8 system permits
is
specific
for transfer of technology
project
agreed
and
between
assistance
upon must be covered
the
two
by a supplemental
supple-mental
agreement.
For the Forest
the Equipment
Service
these are coordinated
through the Secretary
and Test Board in the Washington
Development
Office.
of
One
agreement has been signed and two more are under negotiation.
OPERA TIONS
Harold
Strickland
L.
Assistant Director
Geometronics Technology Development.
Series
Mapping
interest
to the
systems there
Program
Forest
is
a lot
-a
We
to incorporate
program designed
Service into a compatible
of work needed between
all
spatial
multilayer system.
saying
it
will
of the Base
the adoption
recently reported
information
As with
all
of
new
happen and making
it
with-in
happen.
Our Geometronics
the technology
to
unit in the Washington
make
Several bits and pieces
it
happen.
are
now
Office has the job of developing
Figure
under
1
illustrates
trial use.
the next year.
13
and applying
the processes being
User guides should be
developed.
available
FROM
FROM
STEREO PHOTOS
MAPS
SINGLE
or
PHOT
S
PSK
CONTROL
Cý
EXTEN
PLANIMAT
ON
BRIDGING
REGIONAL
PG-2
DIGITSS
Graphic
on
DIGITIZED
t
TI
RRAIN
XYZ
COMPUTER
GRAPHIC DI
ITIZER
DATA
BANK
XY
SYSTEM
I
II
III1I
GELD
INFORM
CORADOMAT
f1
P1
AP LAYER
VIEW-IT
OPTLOC
CONTOURS
MAP PROD.
PROFILES
TERRAIN PROFILES
DATA
BANK
INFORM
COMPILED OVERLAYS
ON CORADOMAT
PHOTO LAB
SITIONLINEAND
IEASUREMENTS
AREA
SEEN
AREA
SLOPE.UAYER
CONTOURS
/
GZ-1
ORTHOPHOTO
PROJECTOR
RESO JRCE LAYERS
ORTHOPHOTO
MANUSCREPT
Figure
1.
-
Geometronics System Demonstration
14
Processes
Washington
Office
BASE
Geometronics
Various
phases
of the total
C
Bill Albee.
processing
R.
P.
Cartographic
and display of
Ray Allison.
O.
Dick
analysis
In addition
Project
leaders.
systems
Mahan.
-
automated acquisition
spatial information.
Nonconventional
sensing and classified
R.
of project
are generally as follows
Their responsibilities
W.
process are under the technical direction
photogrammetry
remote
systems.
photogrammetry
Engineering
terrain
and orthophotos.
to being
men
technical experts these
INFORM
to insure compatibility
serve as our primary liaison
between
our mapping
with
and information
systems.
These processes are designed
and the opportunities
making
your needs
of
to be responsive
available
technology.
known through normal
to both the needs
You
channels.
15
can
of resource
management
help us do a better job
by