Documentation
Impact
Narrative
Causes
Title
A Framework to Predict the Impacts of Shale Gas Infrastructures on the Forest Fragmentation of an Agroforest Region
A number of factors can have a negative impact
on local habitats and species including
Loss of Local Habitat and Species proliferation of well pad sites, pipelines, truck
traffic, noise, light, and both air and water
pollution.
Infrastructure
Transport
Pollution
Author
Racicot, A. et. al. .
E.T. Slonecker et. al. .
USDOI and USGS
Jon P. Beckman, et. al. .
Wildlife Conservation Society, ScienceDaily
Biological Conservation 147
Reserve Pit Management: Risks to Migratory Birds,
Pedro Ramirez
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Reserve Pits: Mortality Risks to Birds
Pedro Ramirez
US Fish and Wildlife Service
Migratory Bird Mortality in Oil and Gas Facilities in Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming
Pedro Ramirez
US Fish and Wildlife Service
February
Frack Fluid in Dimock Contaminates Stream
Abraham Lustgarten
Erik Kiviat
ProPublica
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1286
September 2009
Risks to Biodiversity from Hydraulic Fracturing for Natural Gas in the Marcellus and Utica Shales
Effects of Forest Roads on the Abundance and Activity of Terrestrial Salamanders
David M. Marsh and Noelle G. Beckman
Ecological Applications 14
2004
The Effects of Coalbed Natural Gas Activities on Fish Assemblages: A Review of the Literature
Windy Davis
BLM
2006
Nathanial Warner
Denver Post
Environ Sci. Technol
2013
2013
Shale Gas Development Impacts on Surface Water Quality in Pennsylvania
Storage container leaks,
Storage pond liner leaks
Spills
Study: Shale Gas Fracking Taints Rivers in Pennsylvania
Drilling Down: Regulation Lax as Gas Wells' Tainted Water Hits Rivers
Geochemistry of Coalbed Natural Gas: CBNG Produced Water in Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Salinity and Sodicity
The Geochemical Evolution of Water Coproduced with Coalbed Natural Gas in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming
2012
May
2009
Ian Urbina
Richard Jackson
Elizabeth Brinnk
2013
2013
March
New York Times
Springer Science
Environmental Science
NPR
March
Surface Water Pollution
Water Depletion
Wastewater Generation
Casing leaks
Proppants and fracking
chemicals released into the
subsurface which can
migrate to groundwater
resources
Accidents
Spills
Dumping
Elaine L. Hill
Impacts of Gas Drilling on Human and Animal Health
Michelle Bamberger and Robert E. Oswald
Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics
and Management, Cornell
December 2013
New Solutions 22
Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: an
International Journal 17
Gilmer, Ellen
E&E News - Energywire
Sand is a major component of fracturing fluid. It
is used to prop open the newly fractures shale.
The high demand for sand can increase mining
and processing operations in some areas.
These operations have their own set of local
impacts.
September 2014
Environmental Health Perspectives, 119
2011
Peter Wright
ProPublica
USGS
2011
2012
Water Fouled with Fracking Chemicals Spews Near Windsor
Bruce Finley
Denver Post
Increased Stray Gas Abundance in a Subset of Drinking Water Well Near Marcellus Shale Gas Extraction
Robert Jackson, et. al. .
The Effects of Shale Gas Exploration and Hydraulic Fracturing on the Quality of Water Resources in the United States
Methane Contamination of Drinking Water Accompanying Well Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing
Avner Vengosh, et. al.
Stephen G. Osborn
PNAS
Proceedings of the Fourteenth International
Symposium on Water-Rock Interaction 7
PNAS
February
2013
2013
2013
2011
When Drought Occurs, Fracking and Farming Collide
Denver Post
Hydraulic Fracturing & Water Stress: Water Demand by the Numbers
Ceres
February
2014
Report: Scarce Water Poses Risk to Oil Companies, Investors
Northern Colorado Business Report
February
2014
U.S. Fracking Industry Reacts to Water Scarcity Issues
EcoWatch
June
2013
2014
Coloradoan
July
2013
Fracking Becoming A Serious Stressor to Water Supplies
Compass
August
2013
A Texan Tragedy: Ample Oil, No Water
The Guardian
August
2013
Shale, Fracking Are Not the Main Cause of Texas Water Shortages
Water Scarcity and Hydraulic Fracturing in Pennsylvania: Examining Pennsylvania Water Law and Water Shortage Issues Presented by Natural Gas Operations in the
Marcellus Shale
Forbes
August
2013
Michael Dillon
Water Use for Shale-Gas Production in Texas, U.S.
Jean-Phillppe Nicot
Temple Law Review 201
Jean-Phillppe Nicot, Environmental Science and
Technology 46
Oil and Gas Firms Dig Deep for New Water
Steve Lynn
Northern Colorado Business Report
Draft Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources
EPA
EPA
Reuters
Link
http://www.naturalgaswatch.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/USGS-frackinglanduse-report.pdf
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/12
0502133000.htm
http://www.fws.gov/mountainprairie/contaminants/documents/reservepits.
pdf
http://cogcc.state.co.us/Announcements/WI
LDLIFE_FENCING/reservepits_usfw_2000.
pdf
http://www.fws.gov/mountainprairie/contaminants/papers/R6726C13.pdf
http://www.propublica.org/article/frack-fluidspill-in-dimock-contaminates-stream-killingfish-921
http://catskillcitizens.org/learnmore/Kiviat20
13Riskstobiodiversity.pdf
http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/
03-5179
http://www.wy.blm.gov/prbgroup/06monitorin
g/cbng_lit_review.pdf
http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_247
53680/drilling-area-water-found-containhormone-disrupting-chemicals?source=pk
NBC,
http://www.nbcnews.com/science/sciencenews/fracking-wastewater-contaminatedlikely-radioactive-f8C11323012
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/03/0
6/1213871110
http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2013/
world/study-shows-how-shale-gasdevelopment-taints-rivers-in-pennsylvania/
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/27/us/27ga
s.html?pagewanted=all
http://www.npr.org/2014/03/26/294639904/to
xic-chemical-1-4-dioxane-detected-in-moredrinking-water-supplies?ft=1&f=1007
http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wpcontent/uploads/122/1/ehp.1306722.pdf
http://dyson.cornell.edu/research/researchp
df/wp/2012/Cornell-Dyson-wp1212.pdf
http://www.psehealthyenergy.org/data/Bamb
erger_Oswald_NS22_in_press.pdf
2012
David Holzman
Flowback and produced
Analysis: Fracking Water's Dirty Little Secret-Recycling
waster from wells contains
high levels of known and
Impacts of Shale Gas Wastewater Disposal on Water Quality in Western Pennsylvania
unknown contaminants
Generation, Transport, and Disposal of Wastewater Associated with Marcellus Shale Gas Development
Need for proppant
2012
EPA: Chemicals Found in Wyo. Drinking Water Might be from Fracking
Groundwater Quality and Quality-Control to Two Monitoring Wells near Pavilion
http://www.eenews.net/energywire/stories/1
060005145
http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/119-a289/.
"Permanent" contamination may be hard to
prove
http://www.propublica.org/article/epachemicals-found-in-wyo.-drinking-watermight-be-from-fracking-825
http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/718/
http://www.denverpost.com/ci_22586154/wa
ter-fouled-fracking-chemicals-spews-nearwindsor
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/06/1
9/1221635110.abstract
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article
/pii/S1878522013002944
https://nicholas.duke.edu/cgc/pnas2011.pdf
http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_250
89583/when-drought-occurs-fracking-andfarming-collide?source=pkg
https://www.ceres.org/resources/reports/hyd
raulic-fracturing-water-stress-water-demandby-the-numbers
http://www.ncbr.com/article/20140205/NEW
S/140209973/0/SEARCH
http://ecowatch.com/2013/06/17/frackingindustry-reacts-water-scarcity/
http://www.coloradoan.com/article/20130728
/NEWS01/307280052/Climate-changefracking-water-shortages-Northern-Coloradotop-environmental-concerns-comingdecades
http://sierraclub.typepad.com/compass/2013
/08/fracking-becoming-a-serious-stressor-towater-supplies.html
ttp://www.theguardian.com/environment/201
3/aug/11/texas-tragedy-ample-oil-no-water
http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidblackmon/
2013/08/21/shale-fracking-are-not-the-maincause-of-texas-water-shortages/
2012
2012
July
2014
2011
July
2013
Nathaniel R. Warner et al.
Brian Lutz et. al. .
Environ. Sci. Technol. 47
Water Resources Research 49
California Halts Injection of Fracking Waste, Warning it May Be Contaminating Aquifers
Abraham Lustgarten
ProPublica
July
2014
As Fracking Proliferates in Texas, So Do Disposal Wells
Kate Galbraith and Terrence Henry
Texas Tribune
March
2013
Midwest Environmental Advocates
September 2013
Wisconsin Frac Sand Mines and Silica Dust," Midwest Environmental Advocates
Environmental Impacts from
Increased Sand Mining and
Processing
Colborn T. et. al. al.
During the hydraulic fracturing process,
High levels of freshwaters
significant amounts of fresh water are injected
required during the fracking Climate Change, Fracking, Water Shortages in Northern Colorado Top Environmental Concerns in Coming Decades
into the wells in order to fracture the shale and
process
release gas and oil.
After fracturing, a portion of the fluid used to
fracture the shale will flow back to the surface.
Likewise, naturally occurring water from within
the shale is produced and flows to the surface.
Both of these contaminated wastewaters need
either treatment, disposal, or both.
2014
2014
Shale Gas Development and Infant Health: Evidence from Pennsylvania (Working Paper)
Methane found in well water near fracking sites
The chemicals and proppants used in fracking
fluid are primarily a concern for groundwater,
particularly if wells are not properly cased.
However, leaks, spills, and possibly illegal
dumping, can pollute surface water. Likewise,
polluted groundwater can migrate from
underground aquifers into surface water
bodies.
2013
2011
2007
2008
Birth Outcomes and Maternal Residential Proximity to Natural Gas Development in Rural Colorado
Natural Gas Operations from a Public Health Perspective
Although it is illegal, some local communities
fear surface water contamination when
Illegal dumping of fill material
operators dump fill and construction material
from construction
into local water bodies.
Driller to pay millions for stream pollution
2013
2013
PNAS
Circle of Blue
2012
2012
2009
NBS
Sheila Olmstead
Toxic Chemical Dioxane Detected in More Water Supplies
Surface Water Pollution
Year
2014
Gas development linked to wildlife habitat loss
Human-Mediated Shifts in Animal Habitat Use: Sequential Changes in Pronghorn Use of a Natural Gas Field in Greater Yellowstone
Fracking Wastewater Contaminated--and Likely Radioactive
Leaks and spills from storage containers and
storage ponds can impact surface waters such
as streams and ponds.
Month
Forest Fragmentation," in Landscape Consequences of Natural Gas Extraction in Bradford and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania
Drilling-Area Water Found to Contain Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals
Impacts of Shale Gas Wastewater Disposal on Water Quality in Western Pennsylvania
Surface Water Pollution
Publication
Environmental Management 53: 1023-33.
2013
2013
http://www.ncbr.com/article/BC/20140725/E
DITION/140729960
http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/
0/D3483AB445AE61418525775900603E79/
$File/Draft+Plan+to+Study+the+Potential+I
mpacts+of+Hydraulic+Fracturing+on+Drinki
ng+Water+Resources-February+2011.pdf
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/15/u
s-fracking-water-analysisidUSBRE96E0ML20130715
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es4021
65b
http://www.propublica.org/article/ca-haltsinjection-fracking-waste-warning-may-becontaminating-aquifers
http://www.texastribune.org/2013/03/29/disp
osal-wells-fracking-waste-stir-waterconcerns/
http://www.psr.org/chapters/Wisconsin/asset
s/pdfs/frac-sand-mining-health.pdf
Environmental Impacts from
Increased Sand Mining and
Processing
Soil Erosion and Increased
Sedimentation
Soil Compaction
Visual Blight
Sand is a major component of fracturing fluid. It
is used to prop open the newly fractures shale.
The high demand for sand can increase mining
and processing operations in some areas.
These operations have their own set of local
impacts.
Need for proppant
The Economic Benefits and Costs of Frac-Sand Mining in West Central Wisconsin
Exploring Environmental Impacts Related to Frac Sand Mining and Processing-Minnesota Focus
Thomas Power and Donovan Power
Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy,
Wisconsin Farmers Union
Barr Engineering Company
Frac Sand Mines Credited for Rising, Dropping Property Values
Alison Dirr
WisconsinWatch.org
March
2014
New Frac Sand Bill Still Divides
Allision Dirr
WisconsinWatch.org
March
2014
Settlement Reached in Grantsburg Frac Sand Mine Spill: Two Companies Will Pay Fines over 2012 Sediment Spill that Contaminated the St. Croix
Greg Seitz
St.Croix360.com
January
2014
Pollution Worries Abound in Frac Sand Waste Streams
Tod Kennedy
Star Tribune
July
2013
Frac Sand Fever, Flocculants and Public Health Fears
Joseph Russell
Development of industrial sites and associated
Soil Erosion and Surface Water Quality Impacts of Natural Gas Development in East Texas, USA
Development
infrastructure including pipes and roads, leads
Infrastructure
to increased soil disruption. For example,
Effects of Natural Gas Development on Forest Ecosystems
increased impervious cover can lead to
-Increased impervious cover
heightened levels of stormwater runoff, which
can cause erosion and sedimentation in water
-Soil Compaction
bodies.
Characterizing Storm Water Runoff From Natural Gas Well Sites in Denton County Texas
Heavy truck and equipment traffic over soil,
particularly wet soil, can push air from soil,
making it denser, less able to hold water,
nutrients, and air, and therefore have an effect
on plant growth.
Drilling rigs, truck traffic, construction sites, well
pad industrial sites, lighting, and other
components of the hydraulic fracturing process
can degrade both the landscape scenery and
an individual viewshed.
Law360
The Effects of Induced Hydraulic Fracturing on
the Environment: Commercial Demands vs.
Water, Wildlife, and Human Ecosystems, ed,
Matthew McBroom, Todd Thomas and Yanli Zhang Matthew McBroom, Apple Academic Press
Proceedings of the 17th Hardwood Forest
Mary Beth Adams, et al.
Conference
December 2013
David Wachal
May
Chapter 3: Changes to the Wyoming Basins Landscape from Oil and Natural Gas Development
Sean Finn, Steven Knick
Impacts on Community Character of Horizontal Drilling and High Volume Hydraulic Fracturing In Marcellus Shale and Other Low-Permeability Gas Reservoirs
NTC Consultants
Air Pollution
Truck traffic, compressors, workers, and other
drilling operations can create noise.
Several aspects of the hydraulic fracturing
operation can lead to air pollution
Chapter 6, Potential Environmental Impacts: Section 6.9 Visual Impacts
Deteriorating Roads and
Increased Maintenance Costs
Adverse Effects on Farming and
Farmland Preservation
Adverse Effects on Property
Values
Sudden development, particularly surrounding
non-renewable resource extraction, can lead to
rapid economic and population growth followed
by equally rapid stagnation and decline. The
aesthetics of rapid industrial-based growth can
hinder tourism and long-term economic
development.
With hydraulic fracturing comes substantial
truck traffic related to well pad operations.
Increased truck traffic leads to deteriorating
roads and increased costs of repair and
maintenance.
Well pad development on active farmland,
potential soil and water contamination, and
significant freshwater use for hydraulic
fracturing can all have negative impacts on
farming practices and long-term farmland
preservation.
Concerns about environmental damage,
whether real or perceived, along with potential
mortgage and insurance restrictions around
fracking sites, can drive down local housing
prices.
http://www.wisconsinwatch.org/2014/03/30/f
rac-sand-mines-credited-for-rising-droppingproperty-values/
http://www.wisconsinwatch.org/2014/03/03/n
ew-frac-sand-bill-still-divides/
http://www.stcroix360.com/2014/01/settleme
nt-reached-in-grantsburg-frac-sand-minespill/
http://www.startribune.com/local/215335701.
html
http://www.law360.com/articles/493591/fracsand-fever-flocculants-and-public-healthfears
2013
2011
2008
http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr-p78papers/23adamsp78.pdf
http://marcellus-wv.com/onlinecourses/construction/Marcellus-issues-inwest-Virginia-anintroduction/wachal_dissertation.pdf
2011
The New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority
Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact
Statement, New York State DEC
February
2011
2011
Development
Operation
Visual Impacts of Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale Region
Sarita Rose Updhyay, Min Bu
Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier
Andrew Rumbach
Cornell University
Southern Tier Central Regional Planning and
Development Board and Cornell University
Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact
Statement, New York State DEC
2011
2011
2011
Operation
Clintonville, Wis. Mysterious Loud Booms Caused by Fracking?
Elizabeth Flock
Washington Post
What's the Fracking Noise?
Eric Kahnert
9 News
May
Drilling Area Water Found to Contain Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals
Mark Jaff
The Denver Post
December 2013
Human Health Risk Assessment of Air Emissions from Development of Unconventional Natural Gas Resources
Lisa M. McKenzie et. al.
Science of the Total Environment
Birth Outcomes and Maternal Residential Proximity to Natural Gas Development in Rural Colorado
Well pad pumps and drilling
machinery
Working Paper: Shale Gas Development and Infant Health: Evidence from Pennsylvania
Flaring
Drilling dust
Impacts of Gas Drilling on Human and Animal Health
Gas escape from well
Dust from increased road
Human Health Risk Assessment of Air Emissions from Development of Unconventional Natural Gas Resources
traffic
Sand Dust (mining)
Machine/Truck Emissions
Reckless Endangerment While Fracking the Eagle Ford
Lisa M. McKenzie et. al.
Elaine L. Hill
Environmental Health Perspectives
The Charles H. Dyson School of Applied
Economics and Management
Michelle Bamberger and Robert E. Oswald
Scientific Solutions 22
Lisa McKenzie et. al.
The Science of the Total Environment 424
Sharon Wilson et. al. .
Earthworks
Journal of Occupational and Environmental
Hygiene 7
Occupational Exposures to Respirable Crystalline Silica During Hydraulic Fracturing
Adverse Effects on Local
Economic Development
University of North Texas, PhD Dissertation
Sagebrush Ecosystem Conservation and
Management
http://www.iatp.org/files/2013_05_30_FracS
andMining_f.pdf.
Equipment and truck
transport
Chapter 6, Potential Environmental Impacts: Section 6.10 Noise,
Noise Pollution
2013
2012
Boomtown creation,
Reduced tourism
Eric J Esswein et. al. .
Worker Exposure to Silica During Hydraulic Fracturing
OSHA
Public Health Implications of Ambient Air Exposures to Volatile Organic Compounds as Measured in Rural, Urban, and Oil & Gas Development Areas
Colorado Department of Public Health and
Environment
2012
January
2014
2013
2012
2012
September 2013
2013
March
2008
March
2011
Andrew Rumbach
Unanswered Questions About The Economic Impact of Gas Drilling In the Marcellus Shale: Don’t Jump to Conclusions
Jannette Barth
JM Barth and Associates
March
2010
Economic Consequences of Marcellus Shale Gas Extraction: Key Issues
Susan Christopherson
Cornell University Department of City & Regional
Planning
September 2011
Mead Gruver
Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale
State Impact NPR
September 2013
Poverty Growing in Area Classrooms
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Sarah Hofius Hall
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
The Times-Tribune
Duke University Energy Initiative
March
Food and Water Watch: the Social Cost of Fracking
Food and Water Watch
Food and Water Watch
September 2013
IMPACTS ON COMMUNITY CHARACTER OF HORIZONTAL DRILLING AND HIGH VOLUME HYDRAULIC FRACTURING IN MARCELLUS SHALE AND OTHER LOWPERMEABILITY GAS RESERVOIRS
NTC Consultants
for NYSERDA
February
Hammer Down: A Guide to Protecting Local Roads Impacted by Shale Gas Drilling
CJ Randall
Cornell University Department of City & Regional
Planning
December 2010
Economic Consequences of Marcellus Shale Gas Extraction: Key Issues
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Susan Christopherson
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Cornell University Department of City & Regional
Planning
September 2011
Duke University Energy Initiative
2014
Early Trends in Landcover Change and Forest Fragmentation Due to Shale-Gas Development in Pennsylvania: A Potential Outcome for the Northcentral Appalachians
Drohan
Environmental Management
March
Marcellus Shale Exploration & Farmland Preservation in Pennsylvania
Justin Bollinger
submitted to SSRN
November 2008
Rural North Dakota's Oil Boom and Its Impact on Social Services
Weber
National Association of Social Workers
January
Truck traffic
Environmental damage
Mortgage and insurance
restrictions
2012
Associated Press
Southern Tier Central Regional Planning and
Development Board and Cornell University
Wyoming's Natural Gas Boom Comes with Smog Attached
How the West Texas Drilling Boom Could Go Bust. Again
Development
Pollution
Contamination
Water use
2012
2014
2014
2011
2012
2014
http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/materials_miner
als_pdf/rdsgeisch6a0911.pdf
http://cce100.cornell.edu/EnergyClimateCha
nge/NaturalGasDev/Documents/City%20an
d%20Regional%20Planning%20Student%2
0Papers/CRP5072_Visual%20Impact_Final
%20Report.pdf
http://catskillcitizens.org/learnmore/Marcellu
sTourismFinal[1].pdf
http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/materials_miner
als_pdf/rdsgeisch6a0911.pdf
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/blog
post/post/clintonville-wis-mysterious-loudbooms-caused-byfracking/2012/03/22/gIQAmNH7TS_blog.ht
ml
http://archive.9news.com/news/article/27018
5/339/Whats-the-fracking-noise
http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_247
53680/drilling-area-water-found-containhormone-disruptingchemicals?source=pkg#axzz2wSrxe1oh
http://cogcc.state.co.us/library/setbackstake
holdergroup/Presentations/Health%20Risk
%20Assessment%20of%20Air%20Emission
s%20From%20Unconventional%20Natural
%20Gas%20-%20HMcKenzie2012.pdf
http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wpcontent/uploads/122/1/ehp.1306722.pdf
http://dyson.cornell.edu/research/researchp
df/wp/2012/Cornell-Dyson-wp1212.pdf
http://www.psehealthyenergy.org/data/Bamb
erger_Oswald_NS22_in_press.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/224440
58
http://www.earthworksaction.org/files/publica
tions/FULL-RecklessEndangerment-sm.pdf
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/
15459624.2013.788352
https://www.osha.gov/dts/hazardalerts/hydra
ulic_frac_hazard_alert.html
http://www.propublica.org/documents/item/2
50042-atsdr-2008-garfield-county-healthconsultation
http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41971686/ns/us
_newsenvironment/%20%20%22#.U0S6m_ldWSr
http://catskillcitizens.org/learnmore/Marcellu
sTourismFinal[1].pdf
http://occainfo.org/documents/Economicpap
er.pdf
http://www.greenchoices.cornell.edu/downlo
ads/development/shale/Economic_Consequ
ences.pdf
http://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/2013/09/10/
how-the-west-texas-drilling-boom-could-gobust-again/
http://thetimes-tribune.com/news/povertygrowing-in-area-classrooms-1.1651622
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://documents.foodandwaterwatch.org/do
c/Social_Costs_of_Fracking.pdf
https://www.nyserda.ny.gov//media/Files/Publications/PPSER/NYSERD
A/ng/NTC-Report.pdf
http://www.greenchoices.cornell.edu/downlo
ads/development/shale/Protecting_Local_R
oads.pdf
http://www.greenchoices.cornell.edu/downlo
ads/development/shale/Economic_Consequ
ences.pdf
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record
.do?product=UA&search_mode=GeneralSe
arch&qid=1&SID=4A5Y5bXThmAA1MDPnV
M&page=1&doc=2&cacheurlFromRightClick
=no
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abst
ract_id=1294046
https://www.acosa.org/joomla/pdf/Weber_et
_al.pdf
Adverse Effects on Property
Values
Concerns about environmental damage,
whether real or perceived, along with potential
mortgage and insurance restrictions around
fracking sites, can drive down local housing
prices.
Environmental damage
Mortgage and insurance
restrictions
Is the Shale Energy Boom a Bust for Nearby Residents? Evidence from Housing Values in Pennsylvania
Gopalakrishnan
American Journal of Agricultural Economics
July
Housing market impacts of shale gas development
Muehlenbachs, Spiller, Timmins
Resources for the Future
December 2013
Drilling casts shadow on home mortgages
Ambrister, Molly
BizWest
March
Fracking Boom Gives Banks Mortgage Headaches
Peters, Andy
American Banker
November 2013
Colorado companies see fracking practices creating new need for insurance
Draper, Heather
Denver Business Journal
January
2013
Fracking Leaves Property Values Tapped Out
Notte, Jason
MSN Money
August
2013
How Will Fracking Affect Your Property Value (and Mortgage)?
Angela Sucich
Zillow
Rural North Dakota's Oil Boom and Its Impact on Social Services
Weber
National Association of Social Workers
January
2014
Gopalakrishnan
American Journal of Agricultural Economics
July
2013
Muehlenbachs, Spiller, Timmins
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Resources for the Future
Duke University Energy Initiative
December 2013
2014
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Rahm
Duke University Energy Initiative
Environ Sci. Technol
March
2014
2012
Rahm
Journal of Environmental Management
May
2013
Oldham, Jennifer
Bloomberg
February
2013
Rahm
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts May
2014
Mauter and Palmer
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Duke University Energy Initiative
2014
2014
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Duke University Energy Initiative
Weber
National Association of Social Workers
Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy
January
March
2014
2013
Food and Water Watch
Duke University Energy Initiative
Sept
2013
2014
September 2012
With reapidly developing new industry,
communities can experience a large influx of
new workers. This new population needs
Adverse Effects on Local Housing
housing and other services that may not be Rapid and large influx of outMarket from Increased Scarcity
Is the Shale Energy Boom a Bust for Nearby Residents? Evidence from Housing Values in Pennsylvania
available. This increased demand can drive up
of-state workers
and Cost
prices across the community, making affordable
housing impossible for both workers and other
community members.
Well pad construction, pipelines, and other
Deterrence of or Constraint on
hydraulic fracturing related infrastructure may
Future Growth
create permanent barriers or increased costs to
future plot development.
After fracturing, a portion of the fluid used to
fracture the shale will flow back to the surface.
Likewise, naturally occurring water from within
the shale is produced and flows to the surface.
Both of these contaminated wastewaters need
Strain on Water Infrastructure and
either treatment, disposal, or both. These
Public Utilities
wastewaters are often treated by municipal
wastewater treatment plants and both their
volume and chemical content can strain the
plant's capacity. Likewise, increased municipal
wastewater from a rapidly increasing
population can strain the wastewater treatment
Rapidly growing populations creates greater
Increased Burden on and Cost of
demand for government services and
Provision of Local Government
infrastructure such as city personally,
Services
courthouses, emergency services, and
municipal offices.
Hydraulic fracturing has emerged as a very
contentious issue on the local scale. The tenor
Degenerating Civic Discourse,
of the debate can degenerate otherwise
Erosion of Community Character, respectful community discourse. This is often
and Increased Crime
made worse because the negative impacts of
fracturing are often felt evenly across a
community while the benefits accrue more
Loss of Recreational Space
Difficulty with Local Government
Workforce Retention (and
resulting rising salaries)
Increased Local Employment
The proliferation of well pad sites, pipelines,
and other infrastructure has the potential to
reduce recreational spaces such as parks,
sports fields, and nature reserves.
Increasing employment opportunities is an
obviously positive result of a growing hydraulic
fracturing industry in a community. However,
the new opportunities can raise demand for
employees, thereby raising salaries. This may
make it difficult for local governments to retain
and pay employees.
Housing market impacts of shale gas development
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Pipelines and well sites
within local government
limits may slow or increase
the cost of future
development
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Toward strategic management of shale gas development: Regional, collective impacts on water resources
Increased loads of
wastewater from flowback
Wastewater management and Marcellus Shale gas development: Trends, drivers, and planning implications
(about 70% of water used in
fracking comes back up the
well). Often treated by the
North Dakota Fracking Boom Leaves Oil Hub a Bust: Muni Credit
muni WWTP; Increased
loads due to more
Evolving shale gas management: water resource risks, impacts, and lessons learned
people/more technologies on
line with energy, garbage,
Expert Elicitation of Trends in Marcellus Oil and Gas Wastewater Management
waste disposal etc needs
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Rapid population growth,
resulting in need for greater
staff and infrastructure (ex.
courthouses, offices, city
personnel)
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Rural North Dakota's Oil Boom and Its Impact on Social Services
Heterogeneous allocation of
Community Impacts of Marcellus Shale Gas, 30th minute
adverse impacts, and
lucrative fracking leases
Food and Water Watch: the Social Cost of Fracking
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Footprint of multiple well
pads sizable
Revenue from Leasing and
Royalties
MARCELLUS SHALE AND RECREATIONAL AND AESTHETIC RESOURCES IN WESTERN MARYLAND
Maryland State Gov't
The Costs of Fracking
Dutzik, Ridlington, and Rumpler
Environment North Carolina
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Duke University Energy Initiative
Pennsylvania Statewide Marcellus Shale Workforce Needs Assessment
Marcellus Shale Education & Training Center
Marcellus Shale Education & Training Center
Needs Assessment Series
2014
2014
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
See resource folder
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article
/pii/S0301479713001175
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-0227/north-dakota-fracking-boom-leaves-oilhub-a-bust-muni-credit.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/246642
41
http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28A
SCE%29EE.1943-7870.0000811
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
https://www.acosa.org/joomla/pdf/Weber_et
_al.pdf
http://vimeo.com/63540102
http://documents.foodandwaterwatch.org/do
c/Social_Costs_of_Fracking.pdf
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://www.mde.state.md.us/programs/Land/
mining/Marcellus/Documents/Draft_for_Publ
ic_Comment_Appendix_E.pdf
https://www.wral.com/asset/news/state/ncca
pitol/2012/09/20/11571598/The_Costs_of_F
racking_vNC.pdf
Increased oil and gas
employment opportunities
The economic activity created by hydraulic
fracturing extends from the industry itself to
Boom created by increase in The Economic Effects of Hydrofracturing on local economies: A Comparison of New York and Pennsylvania
housing to leisure. Hydraulic fracturing has the
economic activity and
potential to create jobs and dramatically
population
increase local employment opportunities and
wages.
Workforce Development Challenges in the Natural Gas Industry
With new industry comes population growth,
Population growth
increasing property values, and increasing
Property tax
visitors. This will increase local tax revenue
Sales tax
particularly through property taxes, local sales
Hotel/Lodging tax
tax, and hotel/lodging taxes.
States collect a number of fees and taxes
State intergovernmental
Increased Revenue from
associated with hydraulic fracturing operations
transfers (severance taxes
Intergovernmental Transfers
(for example, severance taxes and impact
or impact fees)
fees). In many cases states have an
Local governments often carry-out fee-forPayments for services
service operations such as town or county clerk
Increased Revenue from Fee-forrendered (ex. county clerk
fees related to land records and fees for water
Service Payments
fees for providing land
use. Governments can therefore benefit
records, water sales)
through increased payments of this nature.
Increased Tax Revenue
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
February
2013
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&
esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8
&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fs
srn.com%2Fabstract%3D2117932&ei=SEZz
VP6tJO_asATe3oKoCQ&usg=AFQjCNGJm
LgRGlklsPwPdLRtJJ0tY5BcEQ&sig2=uWV
GeRKLWGr7A8z2PwDFA&bvm=bv.80185997,d.cWc
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&
esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8
&ved=0CCUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fw
ww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw19796&ei=qU
VzVKLZB9C1sQSHnoGYDg&usg=AFQjCN
E4B6U1gUSqLEbHtpQ9PccuYWyANA&sig
2=J9shlixpjHirwRXJPG6Iuw&bvm=bv.80185
997,d.cWc
http://www.ncbr.com/article/20140307/EDITI
ON/140309948/0/EDITION10
http://www.americanbanker.com/issues/178
_218/fracking-boom-gives-banks-mortgageheadaches-1063561-1.html
http://www.bizjournals.com/denver/printedition/2013/01/11/colorado-companies-seefracking.html?page=all
http://www.damascuscitizensforsustainability
.org/2013/08/fracking-leaves-propertyvalues-tapped-out/
http://www.zillow.com/blog/how-will-frackingaffect-your-property-value-and-mortgage94281/
https://www.acosa.org/joomla/pdf/Weber_et
_al.pdf
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&
esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8
&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fs
srn.com%2Fabstract%3D2117932&ei=SEZz
VP6tJO_asATe3oKoCQ&usg=AFQjCNGJm
LgRGlklsPwPdLRtJJ0tY5BcEQ&sig2=uWV
GeRKLWGr7A8z2PwDFA&bvm=bv.80185997,d.cWc
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&
esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8
&ved=0CCUQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fw
ww.nber.org%2Fpapers%2Fw19796&ei=qU
VzVKLZB9C1sQSHnoGYDg&usg=AFQjCN
E4B6U1gUSqLEbHtpQ9PccuYWyANA&sig
2=J9shlixpjHirwRXJPG6Iuw&bvm=bv.80185
997,d.cWc
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
Furchtgott-Roth, Diana and Andrew Gray
Jacquet, Jeffrey
June
2014
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
2011
http://www.shaletec.org/docs/PennsylvaniaS
tatewideWorkforceAssessmentv1_Final.pdf
Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, Growth
and Prosperity Report
May
2013
Economic Consequences of Marcellus Shale
Gas Extraction: Key Issues (Cornell University
Department of City & Regional Planning, CARDI
Reports)
September 2011
Drilling Deeper into Job Claims: The Actual Contribution of Marcellus Shale to Pennsylvania Job Growth
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Herzenberg, Stephen
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
2011
2014
N/A
2011
Fact Sheet: Economic Impacts of High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing in New York State
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Kelsey, Timothy and Charles Costanzo
New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Keystone Research Center
Duke University Energy Initiative
Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences
Cooperative Extension
New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation
Duke University Energy Initiative
June
May
State Tax Implications of Marcellus Shale: What the Pennsylvania Data Say in 2010
The oil and gas law of the land: your guide to Act 13
National Public Radio
State Impact NPR
N/A
N/A
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Duke University Energy Initiative
Duke University Energy Initiative
May
May
2014
2014
Begos, Kevin
Business Insider
Northeast Regional Center for Rural
Development, Pennsylvania State University,
Rural Development Paper No. 43
January
2013
January
2009
Private land owners who lease their property
Pennsylvania Fracking Royalties Could Top $1 Billion As Private Landowners Rake In Cash
for hydraulic fracturing stand to make money
Payments for development
through payments for development rights and
rights (to private owners or
other royalties. Where operations take place on
for county-owned land)
Energy Boomtowns & Natural Gas: Implications for Marcellus Shale Local Governments & Rural Communities
public land, the same is true for the government
that holds the land.
Jacquet, Jeffrey
September 2011
May
2014
http://www.manhattaninstitute.org/html/gpr_01.htm#.Uy3osFFdXfJ
http://www.greenchoices.cornell.edu/downlo
ads/development/shale/Economic_Consequ
ences.pdf
http://keystoneresearch.org/sites/keystonere
search.org/files/Drilling-Deeper-into-JobsClaims-6-20-2011_0.pdf"
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/ua46
8.pdf
http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/materials_miner
als_pdf/econimpact092011.pdf
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://stateimpact.npr.org/Pennsylvania/tag/i
mpact-fee/
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://www.businessinsider.com/frackingroyalty-payments-in-pa-2013-1
http://energy.wilkes.edu/PDFFiles/Issues/En
ergy%20Boomtowns%20and%20Natural%2
0Gas.pdf
Revenue from Leasing and
Royalties
Improved Roads
Farmland Preservation
Increased Property Values
Increased Local Charitable
Contributions
Health Concerns for Workers
Increased Burden on and Costs
for Local Health and Emergency
Services
Earthquakes and Ground
Vibration
Private land owners who lease their property
for hydraulic fracturing stand to make money
Payments for development
through payments for development rights and
rights (to private owners or
other royalties. Where operations take place on
for county-owned land)
public land, the same is true for the government
that holds the land.
Increased heavy truck traffic associated with
Operator maintenance, road
hydraulic fracturing causes road damage.
use agreements
However, many operators agree to maintain
and repair roads at their own expense. This can
provide local governments with improved
roads, possibly to higher standards than before
fracking,
without cost
to taxpayers.
In certain
communities,
particularly
those with
high property costs, the income from farming
may not be competitive with other uses of land.
However, where farmers are able to increase Private revenue from leases
and royalties
their income as a result of natural gas leases
and royalties, the economics of maintaining an
active farm can become more attractive. By this
calculus, hydraulic fracturing can potentially
The broad-based economic activity created by
hydraulic fracturing as well as the frackingspecific increases to undeveloped sub-surface
rights can increase property values across an
entire jurisdiction.
As new members of a community, hydraulic
fracturing companies will often make an effort
to integrate themselves through, among other
things, local charitable contributions.
Value of undeveloped
subsurface resources
Economic boom
Hydraulic Fracturing Ban: The Economic Impact of a Statewide Fracking Ban in Colorado
Wobbekind, Richard and Brian Lewandowski
University of Colorado, Leeds School of
Business
March
2014
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
Duke University Energy Initiative
May
2014
Wayne County Commissioners Reach Agreement on Roads with Fracking Company
Warren, Bobby
The Daily Record
July
2012
Fracking under a Historic Farm
Hurdle, John
New York Times
March
2013
NY farmers reject anti-hydrofracking position at Farm Bureau meeting
Weaver, Teri
Syracuse.com
December 2013
Greeley shows how fracking stands to improve our lives
Editorial
Economic Assessment Report for the Supplemental Generic Environmental Impact Statement on New York State’s Oil, Gas, and Solution Mining Regulatory Program
Ecology and Environment
Shale Gas Development and Property Values: Differences across Drinking Water Sources
Muehlenbachs, Lucija et al.
Colorado Springs Gazette
March
2014
New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation
August
2011
National Bureau of Economic Research, Working
Paper Series
September 2012
Economic Impacts of Marcellus Shale in Bradford County: Employment and Income in 2010
Kelsey, Timothy et al.
Marcellus Shale Education & Training Center
January
2012
Gas drilling companies state how they would be affected by Bradford County gas impact fee
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Staff
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
The Daily Review
Duke University Energy Initiative
March
May
2012
2014
Catskill Mountainkeeper
Catskill Mountainkeeper
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Jacquet, Jeffrey
United States Department of Labor
Economic Consequences of Marcellus Shale
Gas Extraction: Key Issues (Cornell University
Department of City & Regional Planning, CARDI
Reports)
September 2011
Northeast Regional Center for Rural
Development, Pennsylvania State University,
Rural Development Paper No. 43
January
2009
Donations from operators
The process of hydraulic fracturing posses a
number of risks for workers, including exposure Chemical spills, explosions,
Accidents (fracking-related)
to chemicals, accidents at the well site, or
other accidents at the well
inhalation of particulate matter such as silica
Silica dust exposure
dust.
Worker Exposure to Silica during Hydraulic Fracturing
The increased local population that can come
with hydraulic fracturing along with the increase
Increase in number of
What Happens When Something Goes Wrong? Dealing with public health issues that come with hydraulic fracturing
in industrial activities that could cause
people needing services,
emergencies, can escalate the burden on local increase in activities which
health services and emergency services,
could cause emergencies Energy Boomtowns & Natural Gas: Implications for Marcellus Shale Local Governments & Rural Communities
driving up costs across the board.
State oil panel seeks better disaster response
Shale Public Finance: Local government revenues and costs associated with oil and gas development
Some argue that injection of fluids and
wastewater in proximity to fault lines can
increase seismic activity.
Fluid injections near or on
fault-lines. Significant
uncertainty around
causation.
Wilson, Amanda and Lydia Morken
Lynn, Steve
Raimi, Daniel and Richard G. Newell
BizWest
Duke University Energy Initiative
April
May
2014
2014
Injection-Induced Earthquakes
Ellsworth, William
Science
July
2013
Enhanced Remote Earthquake Triggering at Fluid-Injection Sites in the Midwestern United States
van der Elst, Nicholas et al.
Science
July
2013
Examination of Possibly Induced Seismicity from Hydraulic Fracturing in the Eola Field, Garvin County, Oklahoma
Holland, Austin
Oklahoma Geological Survey
August
2011
10% of U.S. earthquakes are in Okla. Is drilling to blame?
Soraghan, Mike
E&E News - Energywire
December 2013
State stops oil and gas wastewater well activity after earthquakes
Lynn, Steve
BizWest
June
More injections sought despite quakes
Lynn, Steve
BizWest
November 2014
2014
http://www.oilandgasbmps.org/docs/CO90Economic-Impact-Of-FrackingMoratorium.pdf
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://www.the-dailyrecord.com/local%20news/2012/07/05/wayn
e-county-commissioners-reach-agreementon-roads-with-fracking-company
http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/01/f
racking-to-unfold-under-a-historicfarm/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0
http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/20
13/12/ny_farmers_reject_antihydrofracking_position_at_farm_bureau_me
eting.html
http://gazette.com/editorial-greeley-showshow-fracking-stands-to-improve-ourlives/article/1516704
http://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/materials_miner
als_pdf/rdsgeisecon0811.pdf
http://public.econ.duke.edu/~timmins/w1839
0.pdf
http://aese.psu.edu/research/centers/cecd/p
ublications/Marcellus/economic-impacts-ofmarcellus-shale-in-bradford-countyemployment-and-income-in-2010
http://thedailyreview.com/news/gas-drillingcompanies-state-how-they-would-beaffected-by-bradford-county-gas-impact-fee1.1283236
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://www.catskillmountainkeeper.org/ourprograms/fracking/whats-wrong-withfracking-2/accidents/
https://www.osha.gov/dts/hazardalerts/hydra
ulic_frac_hazard_alert.html
http://www.greenchoices.cornell.edu/downlo
ads/development/shale/Economic_Consequ
ences.pdf
http://energy.wilkes.edu/PDFFiles/Issues/En
ergy%20Boomtowns%20and%20Natural%2
0Gas.pdf
http://www.ncbr.com/article/BC/20140404/E
DITION/140409960
http://energy.duke.edu/shalepublicfinance
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/614
2/1225942.abstract
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/614
2/164.abstract
http://www.eenews.net/assets/2011/11/02/do
cument_pm_01.pdf
http://www.eenews.net/energywire/stories/1
059991119
http://www.ncbr.com/article/20140624/NEW
S/140629971
http://bizwest.com/more-injections-soughtdespite-quakes/