Hierarchical Layered Multimedia Streaming using TFRC and TCP
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UNIVERSITETET I OSLO
Institutt for informatikk
Hierarchical
Layered Multimedia
Streaming using
TFRC and TCP
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Proxy
Masteroppgave
Steffen Fiksdal
19. oktober 2003
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TCP/IP Model
Placement of protocols within the TCP/IP Model
Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
Application
Session Description Protocol (SDP)
Real Time Protocol (RTP)
TCP Friendly Rate
Control(TFRC)
Transport Control
Protocol (TCP)
Transport
Network
Datagram Congestion
Control Protocol
(DCCP)
User Datagram
Protocol (UDP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
802.X Logical link control protocols
Link
802.X Media access protocols
Physical
Unshielded Twisted Pair Category 5
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C->S: SETUP rtsp://foo.com/bar.file RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 2
Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP; interleaved=0-1
S->C: RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 2
Date: 05 Jun 1997 18:57:18 GMT
Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP; interleaved=0-1
Session: 12345678
C->S: PLAY rtsp://foo.com/bar.file RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 3
Session: 12345678
S->C: RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 3
Session: 12345678
Date: 05 Jun 1997 18:59:15 GMT
RTP-Info: url=rtsp://foo.com/bar.file;seq=232433;rtptime=972948234
S->C: $\000{2 byte length}{"length" bytes data, w/RTP header}
S->C: $\000{2 byte length}{"length" bytes data, w/RTP header}
S->C: $\001{2 byte length}{"length" bytes RTCP packet}
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SAP Header
Version=1
Address type=0
Reserved=0
Message type=0
Encryption =0
Compressed=0
Auth.length =0
Mess.Id.Hash = Unique
Orig.Source = 23.23.23.1
0
SDP (application/sdp) payload
v=0
o=mhandley 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 126.16.64.4
s=SDP Seminar
i=A Seminar on the session description protocol
u=http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/M.Handley/sdp.03.ps
e=mjh@isi.edu (Mark Handley)
c=IN IP4 224.2.17.12/127
t=2873397496 2873404696
a=recvonly
m=audio 49170 RTP/AVP 0
m=video 51372 RTP/AVP 31
m=application 32416 udp wb
a=orient:portrait
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X = ____________________________________________________
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Where:
X is the transmit rate in bytes/second.
s is the packet size in bytes.
R is the round trip time in seconds.
p is the loss event rate, between 0 and 1.0, of the number of loss
events as a fraction of the number of packets transmitted.
t_RTO is the TCP retransmission timeout value in seconds.
b is the number of packets acknowledged by a single TCP
acknowledgement.
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#
Tahoe TCP congestion control
Receiver free
buffer size
Thresold value
TCP data flow
45
Congestion window (kilobytes)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Transmission number
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Proxy
Firewall
Streaming client
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DESCRIBE response
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SETUP request
Modify response
SETUP response (SDP)
SETUP response (SDP)
DESCRIBE request
DESCRIBE response
Time
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#0
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PLAY request
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#4
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Client proxy
Streaming server
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Firewall
Session established
with session_id: X
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PLAY request
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PLAY response
RTP/TCP segment
RTP/UDP segment
RTCP/UDP reports
(TFRC)
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RTCP/TCP reports
RTP/TCP segment
RTP/UDP segment
RTCP/UDP reports
(TFRC)
Streaming client
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CSRC
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M Payload type
count
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Timestamp
SSRC
CSRC (0-60 bytes)
defined by profile
Length
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Defined by profile
Length
Round trip time (TFRC)
Bitrate (TFRC)
Loss measurement round (TFRC)
Mode (TFRC)
Byte count (LC-RTP)
Byte count (LC-RTP)
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Length
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Sequence number
Timestamp
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RTSP Server
File
Source
SH
08
RTSP/TCP
RTSP Client
Automaton
Automaton
Graph
manager
Graph
manager
RTP
Encoder
SH
RTP
Sink
SH
RTCP/UDP
RTP/UDP
RTP
Source
SH
RTP
Decoder
SH
Renderer
Capsule
SH
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Application defined packet sent to UDP socket at RTP sender
RTP header
RTP payload
Application defined packet sent to TCP socket at RTP sender
Size header
RTP header
RTP payload
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00
MNSocketQueue
MNRTP
1
bytes queue
MNRTP::rtp_send()
12
2
MNSocketQueue::send_bytes()
7
3
10
4
6
MNSelector
8
9
5
Socket
INET
11
1: A chunk of multimedia data is arriving at the
MNRTP::rtp_send()
2: MNRTP::rtp_send() creates the RTP header and
adds it to the chunk of data
3: MNRTP::rtp_send() computes the RTP header
and payload size and creates a header extension
preceding the RTP header.
4: If the queue is empty the method calls sendmsg() on
the socket belonging to the MNRTP class. The method
is called specifying the built RTP packet as the send
buffer. If the queue is not empty, the whole packet will
be placed on the queue and
MNSocketQueue::send_bytes() will be called.
5: The socket buffer could not send the whole
application buffer and returns the number of bytes sent
6: Bytes sent are removed from the application buffer
7: The remaining bytes are added to the bytes queue in
an associated MNSocketQueue class.
8: The MNRTP::rtp_send() method is exited.
9: The MNSelector supervises the socket (Figure 12)
and after som time the socket is able to receive more
data for sending.
10: The MNSelector notifies MNSocketQueue about the
event by calling its MNSocketQueue::send_bytes()
method
11: MNSocketQueue::send_bytes tries to send
everything in the queue to the socket
12: Everything is sent and the queue is emptied
G ( 6,"&%3 & ' & %& -% 3' 3 3!!
0/
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"%% & & ! 5 3, 31, 3 %3"& %%% & 5 3 "K, 3&% MNRTP
6:reader()
6:reader()
1:
MNSock
etQ
ueue
1:RTCP
Socket
1:RTP
Socket
5: callback()
2: insert(12)
04
2: insert(15)
5:send_bytes()
2: insert(17)
MNSelector
4: The MNSelector discovers new data on socket in the select set
1: The created application socket classes are
instantiated, and the socket descriptors (for kernel
socket access) are saved as an attribute in the object
2: The created application socket classes register their
socket descriptors into the MNSelector.
3: RTP data arrives the NIC, and based on the port
number the OS maps this to a socket. The OS writes
the new data into the socket buffer.
4: The MNSelector discovers that new data has arrived
at one of its registered sockets
5: The MNSelector notifies the application socket class
with the matching stored socket descriptor. This is done
by calling the method callback() in the socket class.
6: The callback() reads from the socket and
propagates the newly read packet further up in the
Komssys hierarchy first to the MNRTP object which
again makes sure that the RTPSourceEndpoint
receives the packet.
NB:
The MNSocketQueue method send_bytes() is
registered to the MNSelector and will be called when
the socket experiences available space in its send
buffer. While RTP and RTCP classes are notified when
the socket is read-enabled, the MNSocketQueue class
is notified when the socket is write-enabled.
Application (Komssys)
Kernel (OS)
Socket
with
desc 17
Socket
with
desc 12
Socket
with
desc 15
Socket
with
desc 16
Packet dest: 132.43.32.2:9545 (RTP socket)
3: Data arriving from NIC to OS
INET
G 0 )& "& C+ ,33 37
02
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3&, , %3" C+\*+ 5& K- %1 3&, !&
ET 2F G / % 5% 3& K3"! ' 3& CD+ %%% & %3!%"& 5
C+\]$+ 3&, C+\*+ % ! & 5 K- % & ' " &
%1
TIME
SETUP rtsp://multimedia/movies/m2b.en RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 2
Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP;unicast;client_port=3056-3057
PLAY rtsp://multimedia/movies/m2b.en RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 3
Session: 1
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 2
Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP:unicast;client_port=30563057;server_port=32342-32343
Session: 1
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 3
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 1
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length 162
v=0
o=- 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 130.83.139.118
s=Men In Black 2
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 97
a=control_rtsp//multimedia/movies/m2b.en
a=rtpmap:97 MP1S
a=fmtp:97 rate=1500
PROXY
DESCRIBE rtsp://multimedia/movies/m2b RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 1
SETUP rtsp://multimedia/movies/m2b.en RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 3
Transport: RTP/TFRC/UDP;unicast;client_port=2000-2001
DESCRIBE rtsp://multimedia/movies/m2b RTSP/1.0
CSeq:2
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 1
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length 162
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 1
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length 162
v=0
o=- 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 130.83.139.118
s=Men In Black 2
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 97
a=control_rtsp//multimedia/movies/m2b.en
a=rtpmap:97 MP1S
a=fmtp:97 rate=1500
v=0
o=- 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 130.83.139.118
s=Men In Black 2
m=video 0 RTP/AVP 97
a=control_rtsp//multimedia/movies/m2b.en
a=rtpmap:97 MP1S
a=fmtp:97 rate=1500
PLAY rtsp://multimedia/movies/m2b.en RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 4
Session: 1
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 3
Transport: RTP/TFRC/UDP:unicast;client_port=20002001;server_port=2002-2003
Session: 1
ORIGIN SERVER
RTSP/1.0 200 OK
CSeq: 4
0
DESCRIBE rtsp://multimedia/movies/m2b RTSP/1.0
CSeq: 1
CLIENT
/8
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/
SPEG streaming server
SPEG capable client
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
Frame 1
Frame 2
Layer 8
Layer 8
Layer 8
Layer 8
Layer 8
Layer 7
Layer 7
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 6
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 5
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 4
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
Frame 3
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 6
Layer 5
Layer 5
Layer 4
Layer 4
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 3
Layer 3
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 2
Layer 2
Layer 2
Layer 2
Layer 1
Layer 1
Layer 1
Size of 1 layer : 1024 bytes
Size of 1 frame : 8192 bytes
Total data sent : 24576 bytes
Unreliable transport
Layer 1
Throughput : 18432 bytes
Goodput
: 9216 bytes
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, 3% 53&, $& % K"& 5 % 5 ,I& % % 5 5 - 3I %!% G 3 ' !% 5 % 5
%1, %!% )D % % $131 C3&, " $ E$C$F
/
Switch
Streaming server
Nist Net router emulation
Streaming client
Bandwidth : 100mbps
Round trip time : Ca 60 ms
Drop policy : DRD and Droptail
TCP traffic : 10 sessions
TCP traffic generator
G 2 GC* "!3 & %,
3! " 5 % 3 ' !! 5 C3&, " J3!- $ & 0 $C$ %%
3 %%1 , %3! 5 "&"" 3&, "3K"" % !, 13!% 3
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/#
Bytes
TFRC vs UDP streaming with DRD router
120000
110000
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
TFRC Goodput
TFRC Throughput
UDP Goodput
UDP Throughput
Average TCP while
TFRC streaming
1
5
9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77
Seconds
Average TCP while
UDP streaming
G 33! !3-, %3"& %& GC* 5 $C$ & Bytes
TFRC vs UDP streaming with droptail router
120000
110000
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
TFRC Goodput
TFRC Throughput
UDP Goodput
UDP Throughput
1
5
9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77
Seconds
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/(
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/0
tcp1
tcp2
tcp3
tcp4
tcp5
tcp6
tcp7
tcp8
tcp9
tcp10
Total
TFRC
2657080
2094248
2694728
2258880
2887312
3157520
3205872
1487096
2699952
2350104
25492792
UDP
2192272
2512280
1659408
2422504
1697056
2235712
1944664
1542120
1849096
1699952
19755064
Diff
464808
-418032
1035320
-163624
1190256
921808
1261208
-55024
850856
650152
5737728
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//
Switch
Streaming server
Nist Net router emulation
Streaming client
Bandwidth : 10mbps
Round trip time : Ca 2 ms
Drop policy : DRD
TCP traffic : 5 sessions
UDP traffic : 5 sessions
TCP traffic generator
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D6*S 3&, G6*S 1 3 K"3!- %3" 313 % %
" % !7!- , %"3!! &, "% & "!3 & % 31 &L
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&, 13% "&, %!- ,& "!3 & G "!",3 %3"& %
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" & 3 !3 !" & 5 7 % ,%%%, & ' !! 5& %% &
313 ' 3!! 31 % !% 5!! 3 1 ' GC* 37 & %%% & "!3 &% K, 3!
% %% & ,%%%% 5 3!3,- K, "!3 &% 5 !, '& &
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%, & &K 3
)& T ( GC* %3"& "!3 & 3 % % 5& 5 G6*S *+ "!3 & 3 T 1% 3 , &,%3&,& ' 5-
/4
Bytes
TCP streaming with DRD router
140000
130000
120000
110000
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Average FACK
TCP Reno
SACK TCP
FACK TCP
Average Reno
Average SACK
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
Seconds
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%3,- *+ " & &%%3- 5& *+ % %, & 3L
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- !3-% ' " & % "%3&% $& &K 3
% %%% 3 ,3! 5 3&, %13! && %%!% ' & %
/2
Bytes
TFRC backbone and TCP access network throughput
140000
130000
120000
110000
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
TFRC Goodput
TFRC Throughput
TCP through/good
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
Seconds
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31 & 5 , 1%3! "3& 3! ' % %3 - %& *+
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+ %3"& !&% J1& *+ % !- &%3! % &3!!- 1& " 313 & 3%% &5 7 3&
GC* & !!, 37 & $& 5 &K 3% 5
"!3 3&, ,%%% %13! && %%!% ' & % 3&% &1 &"& 3%, & 3! 5 !, "!3 & 33"%
/
TCP and UDP traffic generator
Switch
Komssys server
Switch
Nist Net
backbone emulator
Komssys
reflection proxy
Nist Net
access network emulator
Komssys client
G 0 J"!3 & %,
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"!3 & 13!% ' &, "% 3&,5, % ' ' 53,& %
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48
Destination
karakalpakstan.freenet.uz
www.ort.ru
www.webwombat.com.au
www.terra.com.ve
www.mit.edu
www.cuny.edu
www.alitalia.it
www.oui.net
www.si.se
www.ntnu.no
Country
Russia
Russia
Australia
Venezuela
USA
USA
Italy
France
Sweden
Norway
# pings
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Average RTT (ms)
813
465
340
142
140
115
102
72
20
20
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3 %,% 3% % 5& )&& 37 & ' !! 5 3 %!'L%"!3 +3
,% & 3& # )& 37 & 5 %, +3 3 31- ! 3,%
' %!'L%"!3 3 )& 3,, & 3 '5 C& *+ %%% &% 3 3, "L
!3 &3! %%% &% 5& %3"& %1 3&, 3%% &
)&& 37 &
5!! 7 - ' 37 & 3 %"! % "3%"&% % ' +3 3 5!! ' % !", 3% 5 31 3 88[%
37 & 3 , 5&L%3!, 3 3& % 88[% ) % " 3&
"!3 - ' 3 3&, 3 ! 3, 3!% )& "!3 &% % & 3%7, , 37% 3&, "!- E!7 ' 3%% &5 7F )D
3& &T, , ' K3"! ' 3!! & "& 37% )&%3,
37 , % 3% 3 &33! &% & ' - ' 3 3&, 3 ! 3, G ! 3, 3!% E& 3 , 5& %3!, "3&&F 37
, 3 5!! 13- 5& -3! , 3% ' &, & )&& 3 "3%L
"& 5 7 / +&JC E+& J&,L L&, C &F % &3" 1& )&& J&,L L&, +' "3& [3%"& E)J+[F " & &,L L&, ' "3& ' )&& !&7% & 5 &1 !1% &,,% '
%% & "3&- &% 3!! 1 5 !, 3%, & 37 , 3% %1,
3 +&JC 5L% 5 T&, 3!% 13!% ' 37 , 3% !! 5& 8 3&, 0 5!! & "!3 &% &3 & 37 &,
3 "37 313 37 ! %% 3 %3- 5& % 5 &,3% &
4#
#host1 is the alias for the traffic source
alias host1 192.168.2.2
#host2 is the alias for the traffic sink
alias host2 129.240.66.37
#HTTP EMULATION
#One UDP flow from host1 port 2000 to host 2 port 2001.
#Follow a pareto distribution.
#Use packet size of 1500 bytes and send in average 30000 packets per second
#The grade of self-similarity is reflected in the Hurst parameter.
#set to 0.5 in this test which gives an average self-similarity.
flow udp host1 2000 host2 2001 send pareto 1500 30000 600.0 32 0.5
#FTP EMULATION
#One TCP flow from host1 to host2.
#The listening port is 2008 on host2.
#Send greedy flow
#Use packet size of 1000 bytes
#send a total of 100 megabytes
#Stop anyway after 600 seconds
flow tcp host1 host2 2008 send greedy 1000 10 100000000 600.0
#Host2 is the TCP server and sets up the listening socket
flow tcp server host2 2008 recv
G 4 3 &3 & % K3"!
&3! 3% [ ! %% 37 3% "3- K% & ,I& ! 3 &%
& )&& 37 & ,, 3!% , 3 ! ' %% 5 ! %%
3% 3& 0 %, 3 &3 3 37 &, 3 ! 3, 0 53% ,1! , 3% 3 3 ' 3 373 3 1,% 3& "!"&3 & ' C% C%13 & + ! ECD +F ## ) 3& , ]$+ 3&, *+
3 3&, 3% %3, 3 3!! % % 3&, %&7% 3 3 3 3 ' 3 &3 & 3 % & !!, 13 3 % 3 % K, 3!!& 3!! "% G 4 % 5% 3& K3"! % ' 3 &3 & 3
% K, 3 % 3&, %&7
) 3& , &%3& 3 E* CF 3 133! 3 E CF 3'L
T ,- 3 3&, +3 ,% & " ,!, 3 % %3!!- &3
' "!3 &% 3% 5 &,, "!3 G+ 3 E,-F 3&, + !7
\ GG 3 E+3 F 6 !3 I 3% & &1%, & 3& 33
" ,!% ' 5L3 !7 + \ GG 3 J3! 5L3 53%
3%%", ' !! 5 3 + %% & %% !7 ,% & !3 %,% &, % 5 3 5L3 31 %!'L%"!3 3&, ! &L3!, ,% & !7 31 5 T 5!! 5 +3 ,% & "!"&3 & & # 4(
&K %% &% %& "!3 & %!% "!3 &% 3
3 , 3%, & 3" & ' 37 &, 3 & 37 & %3 I 5 & "&"" 37 &, 3 & T% %% & 5! &
% &, 3&, , %% & 3! 3 % && %!- &3%& G ,I& "!3 &% 5 13- &, "% & !&7% 3&, 3" &
' %% 3 & 3%% &5 7 %& 3&, %3% 3% ' 3!! "!3 &% )& 3,, & 5 % 5 5 *+ 3!3L
& 31% ,& "!3 &%
&L! 7& *+ 1% % 3!- "37 *+ % 7 %&, I
5 & 3!3 & & *+ %&, I % '!! 5& 5
- %&, % ' &%& ,33 % !3, & 3!3 & E[ D 7 F
G 2 %&% 3 "3K 3 % 5% "&3 &% %, ' "L
!3 &% 6!! "!3 &% 31 %33 %% &% ' " % & G T% "!3 & 5 % 5 3% 1%3! & ,I& 3%% ' %3" 6% 5
, 5 "!3 &% 5 T&, &&%%3- %& 3!! 3% ' 3!! "!3 &% G 3 "!3 & 5 %! 3% 3 % 5 &%&
31 13!% %&, & 3% 3 %3"! %3%% 3&, % ' *+ 3!3 & )& T 0 5 %&
%! "3K 3 %"!% "3K ' &, & T 2
)& /2 5 &, % " ! 7& *+ K"&% )& % %% 3!L
3 & % & 3!3! ) % &%& % 5 %-%" 31%
,& ! 7& *+ & *+ ! 7% %&,L3!! K- 5!! ! 7 E %
5 7& & & 3, 3 " "&F 3&, & 3! 1 ]$+ 37%
' " %1 & ]$+ 37% 3 , , & K- GC* & 37 & 5!! ,3% 3% ! %% 1& 3 &3%% 53&, &1%L
3 ' ! 7& *+ & K- !, 1 % 3 %"3 53- ,3% 37 & GC* 3 5& *+ 37 %% %
R >> = = < P= < P =<>> <B
G% 5 % 5 5 %3"& &1 &"& 31% 5& 37L
& 3&, 3%% &5 7 !% ,! $& % "!3 & 37 , %
&%3&!- 8 % " & 3!% " % ' " E%3!!- ' 37 &F ,% 5& & 3& K& & 37 ! %% & 3
]$+ 3%, )&& && & 5 3 D 3"& 3&, 3!% 5 %
I 3 % "!3 & % 5% 3% !!- % 3% %&3 1,
53% %3", 3 3 3 ' [% 3&, &, " 5& %1 3&,
K- 53% % 88 "!!% &,% &, " 5& K- 3&,
%1 53% % 8 "!!% &,% % ' !! 5, 3% ,%,
$+ 3 $+ ' 3%% &5 7 "!3 & 5 !, 1 3 %"3!! I E 37 3%%"& )+L37 % ' 088 -%F %
3 !" I 8 37% ' % 088 -% 5 % 5!!
40
AN
0% packet drop
2% packet drop
5% packet drop
BB
No traffic
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
1 Mbps
10 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
400 ms
1 Mbps
13 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
1 Mbps
10 ms
Medium traffic
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
50 ms
1 Mbps
7 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
1 Mbps
15 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
100 ms
1 Mbps
15 ms
High traffic
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
300 ms
1 Mbps
5 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
300 ms
1 Mbps
20 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
50 ms
1 Mbps
12 ms
G 2 J"!3 & "3K L & ! 7& *+
7& 5& ,'3! "3K"" 3&%' & E[]F
G % 5% ,1! "& ' & !&7% 1 3 /8 % &,%
%3"& %%% & 3 % 5% 3 K-L!& ! %!' !! 5% %1L K- ) 37% 3 % &,% ' GC*
3 3 3 %3! %&,& 3 5 & % 3% % !", & - &5 7 - 3!3 & %, ' 8( 7! %\% &,
%3! %&,& 3 !% %3! 3 3 &, 888 -% & 5 !, & 3% 5 &5 7 3& ,!1 [% 3%%" 3 GC* 5 !, % 3
%3! %&,& 3 "!"&3 & & S "%%-% & 3% 3
"3K"" 3 3 3& % !! 5& GC* % !, 3% &3% )& % % 133! 53% % !" 3 53 3& %& & T 6 " &%& & "&3 % 5 3%% &5 7
%,% & ,!1& ,33 )& % 3% E%& & 37% 3 ! % 3&,
3%% &5 7 3& ,!1 [%F *+ % & !",
- &5 7 3 - 3!3 & 5 &,, 5 *+ 5 !,
3 % 3 %3 & 3% *+ % %3!!- ,%&, ' !7 ,33 3&%'%
%%, , % &% & 5&, 5 5& &% & 5&, 5
53% & '!!- ! , 3 3&% % 3 %& *+ , % & K&
37 ! %% 3!! 37& 5!,"&% ' " 1 &% & K3&,&
&% & 5&, 5 6%%"& 3 %&, 3&, 1 3% 3
/( 7! -% *+ % 7 I &% & 5&, 5 5!! K3&, "3K"" /(S & 3 % , ' " 3% ' 3!3 & !",
3 &% & 5&, 5 5!! & &3- '!!- ! , ' 3!!
,33 %& *+ % 7 I 5!! %& &3- "",3!- % %%
5!! ' 5 7 3% *+ , % & , % &% & 5&, 5 1& 5&
%&, 3 % 3!3 & !", 3!% & 3 % %3 & 3& "37
E3!% ,& 37 ! %%F &% & 5&, 5 5 - &, 33!%
' &5 7 J1& && & 3& ,!1 3!3 & ,L
T&, 3 &% & 5&, 5 5% ' &% 6 %,,& %
' /(S ' ,33 *+ % 7 I !, 3 &'3&%% & "% '
*+ %%% &% 3% &% & 5&, 5 % & 3,3, !"3 &%
' &5 7 % %3 & 3% & ,% 1, 3&, 3 %%, % ! & %
4/
Throughput Proxy vs Client
120000
100000
Bytes
80000
Server - Proxy
Proxy - Client
60000
40000
20000
0
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
Seconds
G &5 7
36
41
46
51
56
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
None
1 Mbps
10 ms
None
3 & 37 & 3&, & 37 , & 3%%
%, & % CG* 2 & *+ % 3!3 & !", E &% &
5&, 5 % & '!!- ! ,F &% & 5&, 5 % %%, 3!1, 3'
3 TK, 3" & ' " 1 %!- % CG* % & "!"&, & G6*S
*+ "!"&3 &
G #8 %&% K&, 5& %1\!& %1\ K- 3&,
K-\!& 3% % 5% 3" & ' " 3%%, ' " %1
%, 3 !3- 37 1 &37, %1 %3"% 37%
5 3 '3!- &%3& " &13! 3&, % 3 1%3! % ,!3- 133L
&% ' 3!! !3-% G # % 5% 3 ! % %3"! ' 88 && %
1, !3-% ! !& ! % ,!3- 5& K- 3&, !&
' 3!! !3-% 1, & !& %&% ,!3- 5& %1
3&, K- 5! , !& %&% 3! ,!3- ' 3!! !3-% ' "
- 3 %& ' " %1 - 3 &1-, 3 1 6% 5 3& L
%1 ,!3- 133 &% 3 "& % " %"3!! 37% 33% !3!- %
37% 3 3 %! ' I& 3&, 3!3 & 313 ,!35& %1 3&, K- !% % ! 5 88 "!!% &,% 5! ' K-L!& %3 & 313 !% 3 3 #0 "!!% &,% 6% "& &,
C % 5 % 88"% 3&, 8"% %1!- % 313% 3 & 1%%& 3% & 3 %1L K- ,!3- 313 !% ! 5 88 "!!%L
&,% % 3% ' ! 7 %-& & 3 & %%% & 3 & *+ && & % ! 5 5& 5 "3 ]$+ 3%, && &
% % I % 3%, & '3 3 & 37 , % 5 ,, 3&, 3
*+ 31% !7 , % ,& 3!3 & !", 3% G 3%% &L
5 7% 5 & %% 3 & 13 6$D &%" !& 3
%"% !7 3 3% &3! 3 3 ' " 1, + %3"&
G # % 5% ,33 " %3%3!!- % 5 313
,!3- 0\0 &! 3&, %3&,3, ,13 & 3 &, 313 ,!3-
3 % % 3 " % , % & 3 0
&! % ! 3, 3 8 "!!% &,% 3 1 313 ,!3- %3,
% !", % % 3% K, 3%, & 3 & 37 , % , 44
Jitter
1400
Milliseconds
1200
1000
Server - Client
800
Server - Proxy
600
Proxy - Client
400
200
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
0
1
1001
2001
3001
4001
Client received layers
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
None
1 Mbps
10 ms
None
G #8 3 & 37 & 3&, & 37 , & 3%% &5 7
Jitter (Sample)
1400
Milliseconds
1200
1000
Server - Client
800
Server - Proxy
600
Proxy - Client
400
200
0
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
Client received layers
71
81
91
101
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
None
1 Mbps
10 ms
None
G # %3"! 3 & 37 & 3&, & 37 , & 3%%
&5 7
42
Percentile/Average/
Percentile/Average/Std.deviation
Std.deviation
1400
250
1200
245
Milliseconds
Milliseconds
1000
800
600
5 percentile
240
95 percentil
235
Average
avg-std. dev
230
400
avg+std.dev
225
200
0
220
Server - Client
G # D3%% &5 7
Server - Client
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
: 100 Mbps
: 200 ms
: None
: 1 Mbps
: 10 ms
: None
3 & 37 & 3&, & 37 , & 3%%
%"3!! %%& " & % 3&, '3 3 *+ 31% !7 , %
&, 3!3 & !", 3%
R 9
>> = = < 9 P= < P =<>> <B
)& % % & 5 % %3"& 5 "," %% 3 & 3%%
&5 7 - , & ' 37% G ## %&% %!% 5
% 5% 3 0 &! !% % 3 1 008 "!!% &,%
G #( % 5% 3 *+ 3!3 & K&% 3 '5 37%
% 37 %% , % & & " &%3!- 3% % 5& - %3%%
R M >> = = < R P= < P =<>> <B
% % 3!!- % 3%% &5 7 % 3 & 37L
& % "3K"" ' 53 GC* 5!! ,!1 3&, 3%% &5 7 K&%
37 ! %% 3% & %& 3 &%3& 0 37 , 3 & )D
5 , & 31 + %% & %% !7 3 3 " & 3L
%% &5 7% 5 % 5 5 *+ 31% ,& 313 37 , 3% 6 0 37 , 3 3& %, %"!3 - &%3& %% 3 & 3%% &5 7 G #0 %&% 3%
' 37 & 3&, 3%% &5 7 %1!- GC* !% &%3&!- & %
3 1 8 7! -%\% &, 3% & !3% % 3' 3 % &, ! & !" 37 3 *+ % 5% 5!! 7& 5& L 3 3& &, 3 &, GC* 37 & 3 3' 3 , 5& , *+ !"% '3% 3&, K,%
GC* 3 3&, 33& , % ! 5 & *+ !3% &, 7!
4
Percentile/Average/Std.deviation
1400
1200
5 percentile
Milliseconds
1000
95 percentil
800
Average
600
avg-std. dev
400
avg+std.dev
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
200
0
Server - Client
G ## D3%% &5 7
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
400 ms
None
1 Mbps
13 ms
2%
3 & 37 & 3&, 37 , & 3%%
TCP application buffer size
60000
Bytess
50000
40000
TCP app. buffer
30000
20000
10000
0
0,00
20,89
32,12
Seconds
43,35
54,58
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
400 ms
None
1 Mbps
13 ms
2%
G #( *+ 3!3 & I % 3 & 37 & 3&, 37
, & 3%% &5 7
28
Throughput Proxy vs Client
120000
100000
Bytes
80000
Server - Proxy
Proxy - Client
60000
40000
20000
0
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
Seconds
56
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
None
1 Mbps
10 ms
5%
G #0 3 & 37 & 3&, 0 37 , & 3%%
&5 7
Jitter
1400
Milliseconds
1200
1000
Server - Client
800
Server - Proxy
600
Proxy - Client
400
200
0
1
1001
2001
3001
Client received layers
4001
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
None
1 Mbps
10 ms
5%
G #/ 3 & 37 & 3&, 0 37 , & 3%% &5 7
3' 3&%"% ,!3-, ,33
5& %1 3&, K- % &33!!- % 3 & &LK%&
! 3 % 5% 5- *+ % %3, & % 1- 5!! ' %3"&
3!3 &% E &31 3!3 &% & 3!3F *+ &% " %1L!& ,!3- 133 &% 37 ,!3- 133 & % % 3 1 888
"!!% &,% G #/ % 5 13!% ' 3!! !3-% 1, 3 !&
G #4 % 5% %3%3! 13!% ' "!3 & 313 ,!3!% % ! 5 (88 "!!% &,% 0 &! !% 3 3 408 "!!% &,%
5 % #08 "!!% &,% ' " 313 & 0 &! 33!!% 5% 3 0 ' 3!! !3-% 3 1, 5& 3 408 "!!% &, ,!3- 6% 5
5 % "!3 & % 3!3!- 3!!&& ' 3%% &5 7 3&, ,!3- 133 &% %1, 3 & &",3& )' % "!3 & 53% 3%, &
3 3! 5 !, %&3 !& !, I % &, ' " 1 ' %L
%%'! %&3 & & 3 37 3 ! %%% ! & ,% '
2
Percentile/Average/Std.deviation
1400
1200
5 percentile
Milliseconds
1000
95 percentil
800
Average
600
avg-std. dev
400
avg+std.dev
200
0
Server - Client
G #4 D3%% &5 7
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
None
1 Mbps
10 ms
5%
3 & 37 & 3&, 0 37 , & 3%%
,3%, 3&,5, & 3%% &5 7 3!% 5!! ,"3&, 3!- 3,3 &
3 &% & K- *3 4 ,3!% 5 &3! && &% &!,&
%% &% ' 3!- 3,3 & & K-
G #2 % 5% 5 "!"&, 3!3 & 31, ,&
% % % 3!3 & 53% , "&, & % & (# - 3K%
% 5% 5 "3&- -% %& 3 % , & KL3K% % 5% "
!3%, 3 % &,% ! %!- 3 & T #/ & *+
% !", 3!3 & 5% 6 1- " % %% /8 7! -% % /8 7! -% 3 & 3,, & '!! *+ % 7
%&, I ' /( 7! -% 1& 3 3! ' 3 ( 7! -% 6% % 5& GC* ,!1% 3 8 7! -% % &, 1& % 3 1 888 "!!%L
&,% ' !3-37 " %,& & 3!3 & I % 13! % &,%
!- 37 13! & T #/
!1 % "!3 & &,3% 3 *+ % %, ' +L%3"&
& 3%% &5 7 *+ %&% ,!3- 133 &% 3&, 13-& 3% ' 3%% &5 7 % 3 1- %"3!! 3" & ' I& 3&
33& ' %&3 &% & ' "3& &% % *+ ' %3"& 3!3 &% % % !3! 31 5 37 3&%"%% &% E6&,
&% & 31 ,3& 31 F C3&%"%% &% & , 3&, 1&%
%% & 3&%' &3%% 5 &, "% )&
3%% &5 7% C % 1- !", 3&, 5 31 , % 5 3 *+
&& &% 5 %"3!! C% , & & , 1- ,!3- 133 &% )' 3%% &5 7 % 31!- &%, 3&, *+ % %%3&3!!,, 1 3 ! & , 3!3 & 3& K! , ,
,!3- 133 &% && &% 3 ' ,%, & 3 4
2
TCP application buffer size
60000
Bytess
50000
40000
TCP app. buffer
30000
20000
10000
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
0
0,00
16,41
27,64
38,87
50,10
Seconds
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
200 ms
None
1 Mbps
10 ms
5%
G #2 *+ 3!3 & I % 3 & 37 & 3&, 0 37
, & 3%% &5 7
Throughput Proxy vs Client
120000
100000
Bytes
80000
Server - Proxy
Proxy - Client
60000
40000
20000
0
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
Seconds
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
50 ms
Medium
1 Mbps
7 ms
None
G # [," 3 & 37 & 3&, & 37 , &
3%% &5 7
<V
>> = = < P= < P =<>>
<B
)& % "!3 & 5 &3, 3 & 37 & 3 53% 3%,
& !3 +3 ,% & 5 3 % 33" ' 80 1& 313
%!'L%"!3- 5 *+ %%% &% ,, 3!% " ' 3&,5, %1,
3 2 ' 3!! 37% & ,""-!3-%3" %& ' " %1 &1
3, K- )& T # 5 3& % 5 GC* ,3,% &
37 & !&7 6% K, 5!! *+ 3,3 "",3!- 3&- 3&%
3%% &5 7 , % & K& 3&- !"% G %3%% 3 5 ' T 0
2#
Throughput Proxy vs Client
120000
100000
Bytes
80000
Server - Proxy
Proxy - Client
60000
40000
20000
0
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
Seconds
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
100 ms
Medium
1 Mbps
15 ms
5%
G (8 [," 3 & 37 & 3&, 0 37 , &
3%% &5 7
9 <V
>> = = < 9 P= < P =<>>
<B
)& % "!3 & 5 &3, 3 & 37 & 3 53% 3%, &
!3 +3 ,% & 5 3 % 33" ' 80 5 1% 313
%!'L%"!3- 5 *+ %%% &% ,, 3!% " ' 3&,5, %1,
3 / ' 3!! 37% & ,""-!3-%3" %& ' " %1 &1
3, K- G %3%% 3 5 ' T 0
M <V
>> = = < R P= < P =<>>
<B
% % % 5% 3 3%% &5 7 13% 3 ' "
% &, % &, !3 & 5& 5 &1 &"&% %
% 5& & T (8 0 &! ,!3- %3-% 3 044 "!!% &,% 5 %
, ' % " "!3, 3 %3%% 3 %&, & T
0 313 , 3 & 37 & % ## ' ,""-!3-%3" WO
>> = = < P= < P =<>> <?
B
+3 3 & 37 & 53% 1- 3%%1 3&, 3 3! ' ' 3!! ,""-!3-%3" 37% 5 , , 3 )& T ( % % 5& 53 3&% 5 )& %3 ' %3"& % %!! %3 & I 3% +3 3 %"% & T!! "!!- 6 3 L % &,% 3' %3 GC* 37 & 3
3% &3%, 3 3 5 I % '!! 3 3" & ' , %
% 3&, 3 % ,3%3!!- ,3%, 3&, %%3&, '3!- %3! 3 %
3 '5 7! -% % &, & &&& &3%% % " & &, '
%3" *+ && & 3% 3% K, & !"% ' 53,& 3!!
2(
Throughput Proxy vs Client
120000
100000
Bytes
80000
Server - Proxy
Proxy - Client
60000
40000
20000
0
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
Seconds
41
46
51
56
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
: 100 Mbps
: 300 ms
: High
: 1 Mbps
: 5 ms
: None
G ( 3 & 37 & 3&, 8 37 , & 3%%
&5 7
37% "",3!-
9 WO
>> = = < 9 P= < P =<>> <?
B
)& % % 37 & , , (/ ' 3!! 37% & %3" ' % % % 5% 3 1- & 3&, %" 1 37 & , , 37% ' " GC* 5 3!- & %&3 & % 3
GC* %3!%, %" %&,& 3 3!- %"3!! ,!3133 &% 3 !& % ,& 37 , % 3 *+ && &
M WO >> = = < R P= < P =<>> <?
B
)& T ( 5 3& % 3 GC* 3 % 13-& 3 ,& %
#( ' 3!! 37% 5 , , & 313 +3 3 3&, 5
*+ %%% &% 3 13-& 3 5 % , & % 3 *+
3%% &5 7 3% & "3! L 3 31 3 &, GC*
)& T (# 5 %1 3 37 %% % %"3!! 3& 37 %% & , % 5 0 37 , & 3%% &5 7 3&, &
%% 3 & 37 & 53% %, G 0 % 5% %3%%
)& % % & 5 %& %!% ' & & ! 7& *+ %% G (( %&%
&3! %% &,, "!3 &% 3 ,%, & 20
Throughput Proxy vs Client
120000
100000
Bytes
80000
Server - Proxy
Proxy - Client
60000
40000
20000
0
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
Seconds
56
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
: 100 Mbps
: 50 ms
: High
: 1 Mbps
: 12 ms
: 5%
G ( 3 & 37 & 3&, 0 37 , & 3%%
&5 7
TCP application buffer size
60000
Bytess
50000
40000
TCP app. buffer
30000
20000
10000
0
0,00
17,89
29,71
Seconds
41,35
53,08
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
: 100 Mbps
: 50 ms
: High
: 1 Mbps
: 12 ms
: 5%
G (# *+ 3!3 & I % 3 & 37 & 3&, 0 37
, & 3%% &5 7
2/
AN
Blocking TCP
BB
No traffic
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
100 ms
512 Kbps
8 ms
Medium traffic
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
100 ms
256 Kbps
15 ms
High traffic
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
50 ms
128 Kbps
12 ms
G (( J"!3 & "3K L ! 7& *+
' !! 5& %% &% )& % & /2( 5 37 3 , ! 7 & ! 7&
*+ & , K!3& 31 ' K"&%
Z >> = = < ; W : =<>> <B
! 7& *+ 3!3 & I % & %, &1 *+
% 7 %&, I % '!! 3 5 % 7 5!! ! 7 3, 53% 3!!,
' " K- % ! & & S "%%-% , % 3 %& & & & 3, %
"!"&3 & %!% & 3 C+ 37% 1, 3 K- ' " %1 ,& 3 ! 7 5!! ! % & % C+ 37% 3 ! % GC*
5!! " 3 ! %% 1& 3 3&, , % %&,& 3 53&,
&1%3 ' ! 7& *+ 5 !, 1 3& 3%- 53- & ! 37 &
3 3,3 3%% &5 7 3 5&1 3%% &5 7 % !&7 )& % % 5 % 3&,5, & 3%% &5 7 0
S% "!",3 %3" % %!! & ,, 3&, %& 3 [% 3&, 37 & % 33! ' ,!1& 3 % 3 1 8S% 3% , "&, 3!
G (0 % 5% 3 !3 ! 7& *+ 3& %, & ! 37 &
3&,5, GC* % ! %% 1& 3 ,& ! 7& ,% 3&,
37 & 3&,5, !3% 3&,5, , 5& 3%% &5 7
3&,5, 3& % 3 %1L K- 3&,5, 3% 3 37 3 %
3 1 28S% $& % , *+ % 7 %&, I T!!% ,&
/ T% % &,% ) & ! 7% 3&, K- % &3! 1 37%
' " 37 & GC* 3 & !3% 3&,5, "3 3L
%% &5 7 3&,5, 313 ,!3- !% 3 4 "!!% &,% 3% % 5& &
T 0 G 3 37 3 % !3, & 37 ' 3 '!! *+ %&, %
3!!- %"3, 3 5!! %, & ' 3 888 "% % /( 7! -% !3 3&, 3&,5, % /( 7! -% % &, 37 ,!3- !% 3 #( "% $& "!3 & / ' ]$+ 37% 5
! % &!- 3% ' ! 7& *+ 31 & 3 % ' 3&3!- ,
& % & /2 5 % ,%, 53 3&% 5& *+ ! 7% & K-
0 &! !% 3 % 3 1 888 "!!% &,% 3% % 5& & T (/ 5 % & &",3& , & % 5 3 & % % & 24
Throughput Proxy vs Client
120000
100000
Bytes
80000
Server - Proxy
Proxy - Client
60000
40000
20000
0
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
Seconds
G (0 &5 7
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
100 ms
None
512 Kbps
8 ms
None
3 & 37 & 3&, ! 7& *+ & 3%%
Percentile/Average/Std.deviation
1400
1200
5 percentile
Milliseconds
1000
95 percentil
800
Average
600
avg-std. dev
avg+std.dev
400
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Traff BB.
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
Drop AN
200
0
Server - Client
:
:
:
:
:
:
100 Mbps
100 ms
None
512 Kbps
8 ms
None
G (/ D3%% 3 & 37 & 3&, ! 7& *+ & 3%% &5 7
%!% 3 3 %1L K- ,!3- 133 &% 3 & &3!- 3% %3! 3%
& 3! "!3 &% %1L K- 3&, K-L!& % 3 %"!3
Z 9 <V
>> = = < ; W : =<>> <?
B
31 ! 7% !7 1 % ! 7& *+ % ,I& % 3 &
% % 0( ' 37% 5 , , & 37 & % &" %!%
' " +3 33!!! 3 & 3,, & 37% , , & K- 3% *+ I 53% '!! ' 37 %% & 0/ 7! *+ !&7 %
& 3% 3% 1 % % 3&, ,!3-% ! % 3 1 %!% ' &,
& 1 % ! 7& % , & ,%&% 5& 37% ! % ,
3 3&, 37% ! % , ! 7& )& % % !, &%& % 5 "3&- ' 0( , , 37% 3 3&, 3% ' ! 7&
22
AN
0% packet drop
2% packet drop
5% packet drop
BB
No traffic
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
: 100 Mbps
: 200 ms
: 512 Kbps
: 10 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
: 100 Mbps
: 200 ms
: 512 Kbps
: 10 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
: 100 Mbps
: 200 ms
: 512 Kbps
: 10 ms
No traffic
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
: 100 Mbps
: 200 ms
: 128 Kbps
: 10 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
: 100 Mbps
: 200 ms
: 128 Kbps
: 10 ms
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
: 100 Mbps
: 200 ms
: 128 Kbps
: 10 ms
G (4 ! 7& *+ L , ! 7 "!3 & "3K
3 &" 3& 33& !! % % "& 3 3" & ' 37 %%
Z M WO >> = = < ; W : =<>> <B
)& "&3 & 5 37 & 3 "3&- 37% 5 3!% , , &
K- 3% ' !&7 3&,5, ' 2 7! -% % &, 6
3! ' 0 ' ,""-!3- 37% 3 , , 3&, 5 %% " 3& 3!' ' % , % , ! 7& & K- 6% %3%% % 5 3
,!3- % 31, 5 5&%%% ' "3&- ,% 5 '!! % 7 I
6 '!! % 7 I & 3 *+ && & 5 3 2 7! % % &, !&
"3&% 3 3 37 && 3' 3 ! 7 3& 3!!- %3- &
' E /(\E2\2F F ( % &,%
Z U
; W : <>;> ? = <<P<
;
! 7& %% %""3 , & 3! ! 5 & T 0 5 %3%%
& T 0# % 5% 3 5& 3&,5, 33!- % ,3,, & 3%%
!&7 ,!3- % & 1- %%3&3! % % 3% K, 3% 37%
5!! %3- & %&, I ' 3 ! & " & 3,, & ,!3- 3 "!3 G (0 %&, 3 % &, 3 ' 3 ! 7& %
) % 1,& 3 GC* 37 & 3 3% ,3% 3%% &5 7
!&7 !&7 ) , % & 3,3 %" !- & '3 & ,% 3 1- 13L
3! %&,& 3 G (2 % 5% !" 1& ) % 3 3 ' % 3 %"!% % 3 & T (( !& 5 &3" $ , 1%3! % 53 % %& ' " %1 "&% 53 % 1,
3 K- % &, & 5 - K!3& % 31 T% % &,% 37 & , % & '! !&7 3&,5, &
!& !&7 G 3 T% % &,% *+ %&, I % T!!& &
K- 6 3 % &,% K- ! 7% 3' 3!!& 5 & 3 % 7
5 3 '!! %&, I - ! 7& 3 ,I& 5& %1
3&, K- % 1,& 3 3 !3 3" & ' 37% 3 , , ' 3
" K- ! 7% 6' % ! 7& GC* ,% 1- '3%
2
Throughput Proxy vs Client
130000
110000
Bytes
90000
70000
Server - Proxy
50000
Proxy - Client
Diff Server-Proxy
30000
10000
-10000 1
6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
-30000
Seconds
G (2 0S% 3&,5, 3&, 8 37 , & 3%%
&5 7 5 & 3 & 37 &
, % ! %%% & K- ! 7% GC* %&, , % & 1
',37 % ' " 1 3&%"%% & " % , 3&,
%&, 3!1% %&,& 3 3 ,& %3&,3, 6% & " ! %%%
&3%% 3,!- 33& % 3% &%3! %&,& 3 5& %1 3&, K-
6&-53- %"% !7 K- ! 7% ' 3 ! & , - ! 7& 3 *+ "!"&3 & & &K ,% & & %, 3% & ' % 31 % 5% )& T ( '& &% %, ' ,,& 5& % ! 7& % %&,
& % ' % & ! 7& % )' 5 % !1 % '& &%
% &!,% )' 5 % !1 % 3 & 5 % 5 " !& % 3 5&1 *+ ! 7% 3%
' 3 '!! %&, I , % & 5 3&, & ,33 &! 3 !3% \# ' 3! %&, I % ',
& 3 ! 7 % %3, %&, I % '!! 5 /( 7! -% ' ,33 )
5!! ! 7 &! *+ 3% & 3! %&, % 3 1 7! -% $& %
, 3!! 37% 1, 3 K- - 37 & % ! % % % 3% & 5- 5 31 L 3 31 & 37 & 3% % 5&
& T (2 GC* K&% % &3! ! %%% & !7% ' !! 5, - & ! %%%
3 3!! GC* 3 & T (2 !, %" , - 537& *+
"!"&3 & ! 7 ' 3 % , - " 3, ! 7% ' % ,% GC* 5 !, K& " 313 , 3% 3&, 1 %"3!!
8
tcp.h
static inline int tcp_min_write_space(struct sock *sk)
{
return sk->wmem_queued/2;
}
static inline int tcp_wspace(struct sock *sk)
{
return sk->sndbuf - sk->wmem_queued;
}
Function tcp_poll(3) in tcp.c
if (!(sk->shutdown & SEND_SHUTDOWN)) {
if (tcp_wspace(sk) >= tcp_min_write_space(sk)) {
mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
} else { /* send SIGIO later */
set_bit(SOCK_ASYNC_NOSPACE, &sk->socket->flags);
set_bit(SOCK_NOSPACE, &sk->socket->flags);
/* Race breaker. If space is freed after
* wspace test but before the flags are set,
* IO signal will be lost.
*/
if (tcp_wspace(sk) >= tcp_min_write_space(sk))
mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
}
}
G ( *+ ! 7& "!"&3 &
3!- ) 3, T, 53 5 !, "3! !3 & L
5& &K %5 13, 3&, ! 7& ,%
)& T 0# %3%% ' % K3 ! 7& K"&% 3 %&,
) % 1,& 3 ,!3- 133 &% 3&, 313 ,!3- , % ,3% 3%
5 & , 37 , & 3%% &5 7 )& T 08 3% ' 3!! %K ! 7& K"&% 3 %&, -L3K% %&% ,!3- & "!L
!% &,% 5 3 "3K"" ' 2088"% KL3K% %&% % & &"%
' !3-% )& 3 & "3! %&3 5 !, &33! 3 ,!3- 3&, ,!3- 13L
3 &% &3%, 5 ! %% 3% - %,-& 8 37 , 3
3% & T 08 3& %& 3 E3% ' 53- )D 5 7%F ,!3- &3%% & &&& % % 3% % % 3!! 37%
3&, !!% " ' 3 3 3 ' %1!- 27% 3&, 07%
,, & %'- 3&- % ' % "!3 &% "!- %,
3&,5, 3&, &, %3 37 , 3 D 5& *+ %
,!1 % 3 1 8 7! -% % &, & )D &3%%
3,!- % !3 & ,% &3%& &, "% *+ ,%
3% ' % !3 &, "% E6*S% , & " 37
1- '3%F 6' 3 5! *+ %&, I %37% 3&, K- ! 7%
L 3 31 "& &K % 3 1%3! 3 & ' 53 3&% 5& K- ! 7% & ! 7% %&, I 3% " ,3& % " &
&! 7% 33& &K '5 '3"% & , %"3!! &, "% & 3"% 33& 3&, K- ! 7% 5 5& 5 & , 37
, % & 3%% &5 7 )D , % & &3% 3 " 3%
*+ ,% % %&, 3 3!' ' 1- 37 , % % 5- ,!3,3%% 3% 37 , 3% 3 & ,,
128kbps
512kbps
0%
2%
5%
Delay graphs for all frames sent from server to client using blocking TCP in
proxy. Packet drop rates at 0%, 2% and 5% combined with either 128kbps or
512kbps bandwidth limitations at the access network. Max delay is 8500ms.
G 08 $!3- 133 &% ' K3 ! 7& %%
%! "3K ' 3!! %&, "!3 & "3K% % %&, & T
0 W
< R9 P
<><> >=>> >VV=
Y ? ; W : O<>< >=>> =
< =>< O< <V;=> > <>
< =>
B< A=
< P V<> = O<
P=
=V<<
> W O<>< <>> O< >=>> =
< =>< = <P<=< <V;= ; < < ; ?
W <>> =;; P=
=V<<
> B<
< >< O< >=V< A=;<> < = ;< ==;Y < = VP=
< O< <
< <V;=> G %3%% & T
0 37 & C 53% % 88"% 3&, 3%% &5 7 C 53% %
8"% 37 & %, 3 3&,5, ' 88[% 3&, 3%% &5 7
%, [% G 0# %&% %3%% ' K3 ! 7& %% E* L
% &,% T (4F 6% K3 ! 7& % ,, % %3" 33"%
' 3!! "!3 &% %3%% 3 3%, & K3 ! 7& %% &!,%, G & &L! 7& %% % 1,& 3 ,!3- 133 &% &3%
3% 37 , 3% & 3%% &5 7 &3%% 6% 3 % & ,,
& 37 & !&7 ,!3- 133 &% 3 & &3! %"3!! , ! 5
37%% & *+ % 7 G ! 7& *+ ,!3- 133 &%
,3% 3% 5 & , 37 , 3% & 3%% &5 7 &
3&,5, & ! 7& *+ && & ,3%% ,!3- 133 &%
&33!!- &3%%
#
AN
0% packet drop
2% packet drop
5% packet drop
Blocking TCP
BB
No traffic
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
233.8
226.0
244.0
8.6
336.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
452.2
426.0
565.0
46.4
719.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
372.6
217.7
744.0
174.4
1036.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
799.0
545.0
1052.0
172.5
1349.0
Medium traffic
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
80.4
72.0
92.0
8.5
180.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
240.6
219.0
314.0
34.9
496.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
246.0
127.8
577.25
153.3
950.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
683.6
141.1
1156.0
294.8
1444.0
High traffic
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
324.6
315.0
340.4
9.6
408.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
346.1
331.0
422.0
42.3
593.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
144.1
66.0
322.0
90.6
564.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
3439.7
2130.7
4561.2
975.0
5455
Blocking tests:
AN
Blocking TCP
BB
No traffic
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
799.0
545.0
1052.0
172.5
1349.0
Medium traffic
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
683.6
141.1
1156.0
294.8
1444.0
High traffic
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
3439.7
2130.7
4561.2
975.0
5455
Extra blocking tests:
AN
0% packet drop
2% packet drop
5% packet drop
BB
No traffic
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
1453.8
479.05
1885.7
375.5
1997.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
726.7
246.1
952.0
181.5
1166.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
650.8
231.0
1023.0
254.3
1907.0
No traffic
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
5959.7
473.1
7802.35
2079.2
8161.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
2606.4
588.0
3826.6
886.4
4823.0
Average
5 perc.
95 perc.
Std.dev.
Peak high
:
:
:
:
:
2153.4
754.4
3159.3
689.8
3609
G 0 C%! "3K L " !&
(
No-blocking statistics summary
1400
Milliseconds
1200
1000
5 percentile
800
95 percentil
600
Average
400
avg-std. dev
200
avg+std.dev
High - 5%
High - 2%
High - 0%
Medium - 5%
Medium - 2%
Medium - 0%
No - 5%
No - 2%
No - 0%
0
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
: 100 Mbps
: 200 ms
: 1 Mbps
: 10 ms
G 0 D3%% %""3- ' & &L! 7& *+
Extra blocking tests statistics summary
9000
Milliseconds
8000
7000
5 percentile
6000
95 percentil
5000
Average
4000
3000
avg-std. dev
2000
avg+std.dev
1000
0
128 m/ 5%
128 m/ 2%
128 m/ 0%
512 m/ 5%
512 m/ 2%
512 m/ 0%
G 0# D3%% %""3- ' ! 7& *+
Bandw. BB
RTT BB
Bandw. AN
RTT AN
: 100 Mbps
: 200 ms
: 1 Mbps
: 10 ms
0
& *+ & 3%% &5 7 K&% 37 %% 5 "
%3"& ,33 & 3!3 & " &%%3- , !3-%
' " 1& "L 3&, 1, 3!-L 3
"3&- 3! "% % ' , & !3-% ' " 13!3 " 3& ' 3 37 "37% %&% %1 "%3" ' 37
3&, - ' !3- & 37 !7 % &1%3, & % 5 7
8 3!3 & !, "!"& !3 - , &
% !,% 1& &3! &%3! 3!- & %&3 & - %%
%3"& 5 "L 3&, 3!-L 3 3&,!, & 3 3'!
"3&&
)& %, *+ % 7 %&, I %, 53% & "3&!3, & 3&%&% %, ,'3! 13! ' /( 7! -% 3&, ,, & 3&- 33"
T! 3 !, 3& ,'3! 31 )& %&3 % % ! &
5 !, 31 3% " ,33 3% %%! & 3!3 & 3&, 3% !%%
,33 3% %%! & *+ %&, I & ,33 % %& *+ %&,
I 5 & ! & 31 3!- "3&!3 && )& % 5 7
3 % %& 3& 3 5 *+ % 7 %&, I %
,-&3"3!!- &3%, 3&, ,3%, % ' &% & 5&, 5 , & % 3 % % 5 5 *+ &,L L&, !3&- 3& ,, %
, & ' *+ &,L L&, !3&- % %3! ' E & &!-F &31
"!",3 3!3 &% "!"&3 & 5 !, T 5!! & 5 7 31
3 & ! ' 3!! ,33 53& %& %3!!- 31 %% %3"& %" & "&, & % &K % 5 7 !, 3!% "&, 5 ,3 & % & 4#
3 +L%3"& %%% & ' " 3 %1 % &33! & 3 !& %%%
I % " 3" & ' %3"& ,33 & !& I ' %&3 &
)' !& I% % &,% ' !3-37 " !& 5!! %3 I !3-L
37 5 3 3, %3 ' % &,% % 3, %3 % "3& , K& 3&, '& & 3% I ' ! & ,% ' ,3,, )' !& & 3% 3& 3 3 I " 5 K- ,& %
E&5 K&% & CD+ .F K- 3& % 3 &' "3 & "37 %
' 3!3 & 6!! 37% & 3!3 & 3 1,,
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4
Jitter threshold without other functionality
Client has negotiated 2000 miliseconds of buffering during RTSP setup
request. Proxy drops packets in front of queue if the packet will likely
introduce time-jitter. The control does not take any notion of what layer is
controlled and possibly dropped.
MNSocketQueue
(full control over data)
5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3
TCP send buffer
(no control)
2 1 5 4 3 2 1
Head of queue check:
if ( timestamp - current time + estimated end-to-end delay > Client buffer size)
drop all consecutive layers in queue where layer >= layer for frame
and propagate queue respectivelly
else
call ::sendmsg() to move packet into TCP socket buffer
Jitter threshold with priority sensitive dropping
Client has negotiated 2000 milliseconds of buffering during RTSP setup
request. Front of queue clock drops packets that will likely introduce jitter.
If the jitter value for the foremost packet is X percent from the absolute
thresold, drop all packets in the queue with the lowest layer.
MNSocketQueue
(full control over data)
5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3
TCP send buffer
(no control)
2 1 5 4 3 2 1
Head of queue check:
if ( timestamp - current time + estimated end-to-end delay > Client buffer size - X)
drop all packets in the queue with the lowest priority
else
call ::sendmsg() to move packet into TCP socket buffer
G 0( % !, 5 3&, 5 - %% %3"&
2
End to end delay estimation
Proxy needs a fairly right value for end-to-end delay to compute the right jitter
thresold. Too high values drop packets that can be used, too low values send
packets that can not be used.
Contains
encoding
timestamp
RTP Header
RTP Ex. header
Contains
timestamp
for sending
to socket
RTP Payload
Proxy updates jitter
thresold value with the
supplied delay in the
APP packet.
To client
At reading from socket
the client extracts the
extension header and
computes end-to-end
delay. Client returns
RTCP APP packet with
the delay value
RTCP APP packet
To server
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Congestion window development
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
TCP Reno
SACK TCP
FACK TCP
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time (s)
Sequence number (segment
number)
Sequence number development
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
TCP Reno
SACK TCP
FACK TCP
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time (s)
G /# C& D6*S 3&, G6*S &% & 5&, 5 3&, % & &"
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Congestion window development
14
Segment s
12
10
TCP Reno
SACK TCP
FACK TCP
8
6
4
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
Time (s)
Sequence number (segment
number)
Sequence number development
300
250
200
TCP Reno
SACK TCP
FACK TCP
150
100
50
0
0
20
40
60
80
Time (s)
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